MB ASCP STUDY PREP (Sec. 1-4 QUIZZES)

How many rounds of DNA Replication were needed to disprove the Conservative method?

1

How many basic typed of nucleic acids exist? a. 1 b. 3 c. 4 d. 2

2

How many subunits make up the ribosome complex?

2

How many nucleotide bases make up a codon?

3

The sugar end of the DNA is referred to as the _________ end and the phosphate end is referred to as the _________ end. a. 3' ; 5' b. top; bottom c. hydrogen ; polynucleotide d. 5' ; 3'

3' ; 5'

Which letters represent the 4 nucleotide bases in mRNA? a. A, G, B, and T b. A, B, C, and D c. A, G, C, and T d. A, G, B, and U e. A, G, C, and U

A, G, C, and U

The _____ codon starts the message and also codes for methionine.

AUG

All of the following statements are true, EXCEPT: a. DNA is transcribed into mRNA. b. Gene regulation happens differently depending on whether the organism is a prokaryote or a eukaryote. c. All the genes in a cell are expressed constantly. d. The study of E. coli has led to an understanding of the regulation of gene expression.

All the genes in a cell are expressed constantly

Which of the following enzymes is in charge of unwinding the DNA double helix? a. DNA ligase b. DNA helicase c. DNA topoisomerase d. DNA polymerase

DNA helicase

Which enzyme is responsible for binding Okazaki fragments together? a. RNA primase b. DNA ligase c. DNA helicase d. DNA polymerase e. DNA amylase

DNA ligase

Which enzyme is responsible for laying down the daughter nucleotides during DNA replication? a. DNA polymerase b. DNA helicase c. RNA primase d. DNA ligase

DNA polymerase

Which is the enzyme that attaches daughter nucleotides to the parent strand during DNA replication? a. DNA Polymerase b. DNA Primase c. RNA Polymerase d. DNA Helicase e. RNA Primase

DNA polymerase

Why can't DNA polymerase work continuously on both parent strands? a. DNA polymerase builds a strand of DNA in the 3' to 5' direction, so it only works on the strand of DNA that runs in the 5' to 3' direction. b. DNA polymerase only works in conjunction with RNA primase. c. DNA polymerase only works in conjunction with DNA helicase. d. DNA polymerase only works in conjunction with DNA ligase. c. DNA polymerase builds a strand of DNA in the 5' to 3' direction, so it only works on the strand of DNA that runs in the 3' to 5' direction.

DNA polymerase builds a strand of DNA in the 5' to 3' direction, so it only works on the strand of DNA that runs in the 3' to 5' direction

What is the cellular process in which a new copy of DNA is created? a. DNA Replication b. RNA Synthesis c. Cell Division d. Protein Synthesis e. Dehydration Synthesis

DNA replication

Which of the following is a potential mechanism to control translation by alternative splicing? a. Different 5' caps can be added to the pre-mRNA and therefore modulate translation. b. Different exon combinations allow for fine-tuning of translation by adding different Poly(A) tails to the mRNA. c.Different exon combinations allow for translation of different proteins from the same gene. d. Different exon combinations allow intron segments to be divided and then combined into different segments. e.Different exon combinations allow different combinations of introns to be combined into a mRNA for translation

Different exon combinations allow for translation of different proteins from the same gene

Which of the following is a primary function of a nucleic acids? I. Structural support, II. Storage of information III. Energy storage

II. Storage of information

Why is it necessary that the DNA helicase unwinds the DNA? a. It prevents DNA from breaking apart. b. It exposes the phosphate groups of the nucleic acid chain so that new phosphates can be added to create the daughter strand. c. It prevents the replication of DNA. d. It exposes the nitrogenous bases of the nucleic acid chain so that new nucleotides can be added to create the daughter strand.

It exposes the nitrogenous bases of the nucleic acid chain so that new nucleotides can be added to create the daughter strand

Who performed the experiment that proved semi-conservative DNA replication was correct? a. Erwin Chargaff b. Charles Darwin c. James Watson and Francis Crick d. Rosalind Franklin e. Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl

Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl

In the Meselson-Stahl experiment, why does N-15 DNA sink to a lower level than N-14 in a centrifuge tube? a. N-15 has a higher melting point than N-14 DNA. b. N-15 DNA has a lower density than N-14 DNA. c. N-15 DNA has a higher volume than N-14 DNA. d. N-15 DNA is more electronegative than N-14 DNA. e. N-15 DNA has a higher density than N-14 DNA.

N-15 DNA has a higher density than N-14 DNA

How is the N-15 isotope different from the N-14 atom? a. N-15 has one less proton than N-14. b. N-15 has one extra electron. c. N-15 has one extra proton. d. N-15 has one extra neutron. e. N-15 has one less neutron than N-14.

N-15 has one extra atom

While studying for an upcoming test, your friend Jane tells you that prokaryotic cells process their RNA in the nucleus. Is this a correct statement? Why or why not? a. This is partially correct because only eubacteria process their RNA in the nucleus, other bacteria do not. b. No, because prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus the mRNA can begin translation right there in the cytoplasm. c. Yes, this is how prokaryotic cells process their RNA. d. No, because prokaryotic cells do not have RNA.

No, because prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus the mRNA can begin translation right there in the cytoplasm

Which is the enzyme that builds the RNA primer? a. DNA Polymerase b. DNA Primase c. DNA Helicase d. RNA Polymerase e. RNA Primase

RNA primase

Why do DNA strands need to be antiparallel? a. Both strands need to have sugars at the top and phosphates at the bottom. b. The strands need to run in opposite directions for hydrogen bonding to work. c. This is false; DNA strands need to be parallel. d. DNA needs to have sides

The strands need to run in opposite directions for hydrogen bonding to work

What are the functions of spliceosomes in RNA splicing? a. They remove intervening introns between exons and join the resulting ends of the exons. b. They remove the Poly(A) tails from pre-mRNAs and join the resulting mature mRNAs. c. They remove intervening exons between introns and join the resulting ends of the introns. d. They remove intervening 5' caps between exons and join the resulting ends of the exons. e. They remove the introns from pre-mRNAs and join the resulting mature mRNAs.

They remove intervening introns between exons and join the resulting ends of the exonS

What is the anticodon for the codon AAG?

UUC

What is the basic structure of a purine? a. A chain of nitrogenous bases b. A double ring formed from carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen c. A single ring formed from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and chlorine d. A single ring of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen

a double ring formed from carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

A nucleic acid monomer is called: a. a nucleosome b. a nucleoside c. deoxyribose d. a nucleotide e. ribose

a nucleotide

A phosphodiester bond links: a. A nitrogenous base and a phosphate group b. A nitrogenous base and another nitrogenous base c. A sugar and a nitrogenous base d. A sugar and a phosphate group

a sugar and a phosphate group

Using the given information, determine the correct order of the following events during the replication of the lagging strand. a. The DNA double helix unwinds. b. The Okazaki fragments are joined. c. The RNA primase builds an RNA primer on the parent strand. d. Nucleotides are added and matched to the parent strand.

a, c, d, b

Which is NOT a component of a nucleotide? a. acid b. phosphate c. sugar d. base

acid

Which of the following statements is true? a. cytosine forms carbon bonds with guanine b. adenine forms carbon bonds with thymine c. cytosine forms hydrogen bonds with adenine d. adenine forms hydrogen bonds with thymine

adenine forms hydrogen bonds with thymine

Which is the correct base pairing in DNA? a. adenine with cytosine, guanine with thymine b. adenine with thymine, cytosine with guanine c. adenine with guanine, cytosine with thymine d. adenine with uracil, cytosine with guanine

adenine with thymine, cytosine with guanine

Which is the correct base pairing in RNA? a. Adenine with uracil, cytosine with guanine b. Adenine with cytosine, guanine with thymine c. Adenine with guanine, cytosine with thymine d. Adenine with thymine, cytosine with guanine

adenine with uracil, cytosine with guanine

The nucleotide that is a major form of energy storage in the cell is known as:

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

What kind of organism was used to investigate the method of DNA Replication? a. Fungus b. Mouse c. Plant d. Chimpanzee e. Bacteria

bacteria

Which of the following DNA binding motifs attaches to E-box sequences in DNA? a. Basic helix loop helix b. Finger and thumb domains c. Positively charged amino acids d. Leucine zipper

basic helix loop helix

Why can we manufacture insulin for humans with bacteria? a. Because genetic code is transparent b.Because genetic code is universal c.Because genetic code is redundant d.Because genetic code is degenerate

because genetic code is universal

Why do we call DNA an antiparallel molecule? a. Because the 3' and 5' ends of each strand do not bond with each other. b.Because the 3' and 5' ends of each strand run in the same direction. c. Because DNA polymerase only works in the 3' to 5' direction. d. Because the 3' and 5' ends of each strand run in opposite directions. e. Because DNA is a perpendicular molecule.

because the 3' and 5' ends of each strand run in opposite directions

The ability of codons to match with the appropriate amino acids is called ________.

codon recognition

In which method of DNA Replication would all parent DNA be conserved in the original molecule? a. Semi-Conservative b. Conservative c. Semi-Conductive d. Extracellular e. Dispersive

conservative

A scientist identifies two different structures that both specify the same amino acid. How would the scientist describe these structures? a. Universal b. Ambiguous c. Transparent d. Degenerate

degenerate

The sugar in DNA's nucleotides is _________.

deoxyribose

Which of the following forms the backbone of a DNA molecule? a. Deoxyribose and a phosphate group b. Deoxyribose and ribose c. Deoxyribose and a nitrogenous base d.Deoxyribose only e. Ribose and a nitrogenous base

deoxyribose and a phosphate group

How do different cells within our body do different jobs if they all have the same DNA? a. Different cells express different transcription factors. b. Different cells do express all of the same proteins, but some are destroyed later. c. Different cells change their DNA as they differentiate. d. Different cells express the same transcription factors but different variants of RNA polymerase.

different cells express different transcription factors

In which method of DNA Replication would new DNA consist of alternating parent and daughter DNA? a. Dispersive b. Semi-Conservative c. Semi-Conductive d. Extracellular e. Conservative

dispersive

In which step does the polypeptide continue to grow as amino acids are added to the chain? a. Termination b. Elongation c. Transcription d. Initiation

elongation

Which part(s) of a gene produces a protein product? a. The stop codon b. Exons c. The poly(A) tail d. The 5' cap e. Introns

exons

What is the term for a distinct section of DNA that codes for one protein? a. translation b. transcription c. gene d. chromosome e. RNA

gene

Which single nucleotide makes up the 5' cap? a. Thymine b. Guanine c. Adenine d. Uracil e. Cytosine

guanine

Which of the following bases are categorized as purines? a. thymine, cytosine, and uracil b. guanine and adenine c. thymine and adenine d. guanine. adenine, and uracil e. guanine and cytosine

guanine and adenine

Phosphate bonds are important because they are _________.

high energy

Which of the following DNA-binding proteins is used to store DNA? a. histones b. DNA polymerase I c. helicase d. NeuroD1

histones

Where are hydrogen bonds located within the DNA? a. In the center of the molecule linking the phosphorus and the deoxyribose b. On the backbone of the molecule linking the nitrogen bases to the deoxyribose c. In the center of the molecule linking the nitrogen bases of both strands d. On the backbone of the molecule linking the phosphate group and the deoxyribose suga

in the center of the molecule linking the nitrogen bases of both strands

Where in the cell does transcription occur? a. in the cytoplasm b. transcription occurs outside of the cell c. in the nucleus d. in the plasma membrane e. in the ribosome

in the nucleus

Which of the following is NOT a segment of DNA? a. Inducer b. Promoter c. Structural gene d. Operator e. Regulatory gene

inducer

Which of the following describes an increase in gene expression? a. transcription b. repression c. translation d. induction

induction

In which step do the tRNA and mRNA first join up in the ribosome? a. Transcription b. Termination c. Initiation d. Elongation

initiation

The lac operon codes for the enzyme that help digest the sugar _____. a. lactose b. dextrose c. fructose d. sucrose

lactose

What makes the lac repressor fall off the lac operator? a. Lactose, the repressor b. Galactose, the inducer c. Sucrose, the inducer d. Lactose, the inducer e. Galactose, the repressor

lactose, the inducer

The letters used in the codon chart are reflections of which type of code? a. DNA b. tRNA c. rRNA d. mRNA

mRNA

The letters used in the codon chart come from which type of nucleic acid strand? a. rRNA b. mRNA c. DNA d. tRNA e. Amino Acids

mRNA

Which two types of nucleic acids move into the ribosome during translation? a. mRNA and DNA b. rRNA and DNA c. tRNA and DNA d. mRNA and tRNA

mRNA and tRNA

Which of the following is the correct sequence in which a DNA sequence is used to produce a protein? a. mRNA, tRNA, amino acids b. tRNA, mRNA, amino acids c. tRNA, amino acids, mRNA d. amino acids, mRNA, tRN

mRNA, tRNA, amino acids

What does the 'm' stand for in 'mRNA'? a. monomer b. mononucleosis c. molecule d. messenger e. mitochondria

messenger

A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base is called a(n)____________.

nitrogenous base

Adenine and thymine are examples of this component of a nucleotide:

nitrogenous base

A polymer of a nucleotide is known as __________.

nucleic acid

What are the small components (monomers) that make up the large DNA polymer? a. Nucleosomes b. Guanine c. Nucleic Acids d. Cytosine e. Nucleotide

nucleotides

How many amino acids are specified by each different codon?

only 1

Which of the following describes a group of related genes in a prokaryote's DNA? a. operator b. operon c. repressor d. nucleus

operon

The location where the process of DNA replication begins is called the _____.

origin of replication

What is another term for a chain of amino acids? a. Polysaccharide b. Polyribosome c. Polypeptide d. Polysynthesis

polypeptide

Before an mRNA molecule is finished with RNA processing, what is it called? a. Precursor mRNA b. Immature mRNA c. Incomplete mRNA d. Juvenile mRNA D e. raft mRNA

precursor mRNA

Operons are most commonly found in what kind of cell? a. Fungal b. Animal Plant c. Prokaryotic d. Eukaryotic

prokaryotic

Which of the following terms encompasses all the cellular activities involved in building protein molecules? a. protein exocytosis b. protein synthesis c. protein hydrolysis d. transcription e. translation

protein synthesis

When DNA helicase separates the two parental strands, it creates a Y-shape called a _____.

replication fork

Because hydrogen bonds are weak bonds, they create a perfect site for _____. a. separating nucleic acid strands b. attaching a phosphodiester bond c.separating amino acid strands d. attaching a helicase enzyme

separating nucleic acid strands

Which part of the lac operon codes for the lactose digesting enzymes? a. operator b. regulatory gene c. repressor d. promoter e. structural genes

structural genes

Which type of RNA molecule contains an anticodon? a. rRNA b. mRNA c. all types of RNA d. tRNA

tRNA

In which step does the ribosome reach a stop codon and end the process of translation? a. Termination b. Initiation c. Elongation d. Transcription

termination

All of the following statements are correct, EXCEPT: a. A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids. b. The anti-codon is part of the mRNA. c. Translation is the mechanism by which the information in RNA is transformed into a polypeptide. d. The result of translation is a free-floating polypeptide

the anti-codon is part of the mRNA

The Central Dogma is a framework used to represent which of the following? a. The flow of protein to RNA b. The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein c. The flow of protein to RNA to DNA d. The flow of RNA to DNA

the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein

Which of the parent DNA strands is replicated discontinously? a. the daughter strand b. the lagging strand c. the polymerase strand d. the helicase strand e. the leading strand

the lagging strand

Which is the strand that replicates just as quickly as the replication fork opens up? a. The leading strand b. The daughter strand c. The parent strand d. The lagging strand

the leading strand

What happens to the RNA primer once DNA replication is begun by DNA polymerase? a. The primer's length is doubled. b. The primer is removed. c. The primer becomes an enzyme. d. The primer's length is tripled. e. The primer becomes part of the daughter strand.

the primer is removed

Which word part is used to designate that a molecule is an enzyme?

the suffix -ase

The replication of DNA is a complex process; all of the following statements are correct, EXCEPT: a. there is one replication fork in one replication bubble b. on the lagging strand, one RNA primer is required for the beginning of every Okazaki fragment c. in order to complete replication, the replication bubbles grow and merge together d. DNA replication is considered to be a semiconservative process

there is one replication fork in one replication bubble

Why are ribosomes important? a. They make polypeptide disassembly possible. b. They are crucial to keeping the nucleus functional. c. They make polypeptide assembly possible. d. They are crucial to keeping the nucleolus functional

they make polypeptide assembly possible

How does DNA polymerase bind DNA? a. Through E-box sequences near promotor regions on DNA b. Using basic helix loop helix domains c. Through three domains, the palm, fingers and thumb d. Through positively charged amino acids which attract the negatively charged sugar phosphate backbone on DNA

through three domains, the palm, fingers and thumb

Which BEST explains the role of DNA polymerase? a. To assemble daughter nucleotides on the parent strand. b. To build the RNA primer. c. To join the adjacent Okazaki fragments. d.To unwind the DNA double helix.

to assemble daughter nucleotides on the parent strand

What is the purpose of the RNA primer? a. To build the enzyme RNA primase. b. To initiate the process of DNA replication. c. To build the daughter strand of DNA. d. To unwind the DNA double helix. e. To terminate the process of DNA replication.

to initiate the process of DNA replication

The repressor blocks RNA polymerase from binding to the promoter, making _____ impossible.

transcription

Which of the following is the process of transferring genetic information from DNA to RNA? a. transcription b. the gene c. protein synthesis d. the central dogma e. translation

transcription

What does the 't' stand for in tRNA?

transfer

Which of the following is the process of decoding RNA as instructions for building an amino acid chain? a. protein synthesis b. transcription c. translation d. the central dogma e. the gene

translation

The Dispersive method of DNA Replication was disproved when the scientists observed? a. one band of DNA of highest possible density. b. two separate bands of DNA of different densities. c. one band of DNA of lowest possible density. d. one band of DNA of intermediate density. e. three separate bands of DNA of different densities.

two separate bands of DNA of different densities

Because the same codons specify the same amino acids in nearly all organisms, we say that the genetic code is ________.

universal

Which of the following is NOT one of the nitrogenous bases found in DNA? a. guanine b. uracil c. cytosine d. adenine e. thymine

uracil

What type of molecule is released during the formation of a peptide bond? a. Water b. tRNA c. Carbon d. Nitrogen

water