MBA Vocab - Oxford Examples - Vol 5

reclusory

[]:

washington

[]:

well-suited

[]:

fungible

[exchangeable]:

pier

[jetty, support]:

asteroid

[star-shaped]:

suitable

[acceptable, appropriate, appropriate to, proper, well qualified]: [these toys are not suitable for children under five]

servant

[attendant, helper]: [a government servant] [he was a great servant of the Labour Party]

front-runner

[favorite, favourite]: [the front runner for the presidential nomination]

nocturnal

[]: [most owls are nocturnal]

patrician

[aristocrat, aristocratic]: [a proud, patrician face]

generator

[author, source]:

shrub

[bush, shrubs]:

genitive

[genitive case, possessive, possessive case]:

intestine

[gut]:

electron

[negatron]:

reincarnation

[rebirth]: [he believed he was the reincarnation of Louis XVI] [the latest reincarnation of the hippie look]

rondo

[rondeau]:

seminary

[theological college]:

invalidate

[disprove, render invalid]: [a technical flaw in her papers invalidated her nomination]

forceful

[dynamic]: [she was a forceful personality]

enthusiastic

[eager]: [he could be wildly enthusiastic about a project]

larva

[]:

cynosure

[]: [Kirk was the cynosure of all eyes]

resent

[begrudge]: [she resented the fact that I had children]

courtroom

[court]: [a bitter courtroom battle]

exclamation

[cry]: [an exclamation of amazement]

beverage

[drink]:

timorous

[easily frightened, shy]: [a timorous voice]

starvation

[extreme hunger]: [thousands died of starvation]

irascible

[irritable]: [an irascible and difficult man]

ballad

[song]:

despot

[tyrant]:

viol

[]:

whilst

[]:

zodiac

[]:

malediction

[curse]: [he muttered maledictions to himself as he trod the stone passages]

perfunctory

[cursory, quick]: [he gave a perfunctory nod]

voluptuous

[curvaceous, hedonistic]: [long curtains in voluptuous crimson velvet]

chisel

[cheat, rip off]: [cut away the tiles with a broad-bladed steel chisel] [chisel a hole through the brickwork] [he's chiselled me out of my dues]

laceration

[cutting (open), gash]: [he suffered lacerations to his head and face] [his death was due to multiple skull fractures with laceration of the brain]

cycloid

[cycloidal]:

dilettante

[dabbler, amateur]:

valley

[dale]: [the Thames Valley] [the valley floor]

memory

[ability to remember, recollection, commemoration, memory bank]: [I've a great memory for faces] [the brain regions responsible for memory] [he searched his memory frantically for an answer] [one of my earliest memories is of sitting on his knee] [the mind can bury all memory of traumatic abuse]

phobia

[abnormal fear]: [she suffered from a phobia about birds]

riveting

[absorbing, engrossing, fascinating, gripping]: [the book is a riveting account of the legendary freedom fighter]

purloin

[abstract, cabbage, filch, hook, lift, nobble, pilfer, pinch, snarf, sneak, swipe]: [he must have managed to purloin a copy of the key]

purposely

[deliberately, expressly]: [she had purposely made it difficult]

subtlety

[delicacy, understatedness, astuteness, ingenuity, fineness]: [the textural subtlety of Degas] [the subtleties of English grammar]

consignment

[delivery]: [a consignment of drugs] [levels of consignment are running below budget]

megalomania

[delusions of grandeur]:

demagnetize

[demagnetise]: [demagnetize the tape heads]

preposterous

[absurd]: [a preposterous suggestion]

invective

[abuse]: [he let out a stream of invective]

populous

[densely populated]: [the populous city of Shanghai]

merger

[amalgamation]: [a merger between two supermarket chains] [local companies ripe for merger or acquisition] [merger can be applied for when the freehold and leasehold estates become vested in the same person]

approval

[acceptance, approbation, on trial]: [the road schemes have been given approval] [they have delayed the launch to await project approvals] [step-parents need to win a child's approval] [we would be happy to send you a selection on approval] [the minister gave his seal of approval to the project]

sequent

[accompanying, attendant, concomitant, consequent, ensuant, incidental, resultant]: [some of the inferences are not sequent on the premises]

astonishment

[amazement]: [she looked at him in astonishment]

ambiguity

[ambivalence, ambiguities]: [we can detect no ambiguity in this section of the Act] [ambiguities in such questions are potentially very dangerous]

controller

[accountant, comptroller]: [the Controller of BBC Television Programmes] [a temperature controller] [the regional controller for the Department of Education]

pineapple

[ananas]: [roughly chop the pineapples and apricots] [slices of pineapple]

precocious

[advanced]: [a precocious, solitary boy] [a precocious talent for computing]

desirable

[advantageous, sexually attractive]: [it is desirable to check that nothing has been forgotten] [you're a very desirable woman] [the store sells various desirables]

actuate

[activate, motivate, prompt]: [the pendulum actuates an electrical switch] [the defendants were actuated by malice]

reprehensible

[deplorable]: [his complacency and reprehensible laxity]

dethrone

[depose]: [in January 1831 the Poles dethroned the Romanovs] [he dethroned the defending title-holder]

privation

[deprivation]: [years of rationing and privation] [the privations of life at the front] [cold is the privation of heat]

punctuate

[add punctuation to, break up]: [they should be shown how to set out and punctuate direct speech] [style manuals tell you how to punctuate] [the country's history has been punctuated by coups] [she punctuates her conversation with snatches of song]

came

[add up, amount, number, total]:

ostracism

[exclusion]: [the family suffered social ostracism] [the ostracism of Thucydides]

malaria

[]:

mastiff

[]:

matinee

[]:

mnemonics

[]:

mulatto

[]:

narrater

[]:

pan-american

[]:

put the cart before the horse

[]:

sidereal

[]:

solstice

[]:

tannery

[]:

teapot

[]:

telepresence

[]:

acronym

[]:

fondle

[caress]: [he kissed and fondled her]

dastard

[dastardly]:

relieved

[glad]: [relieved parents who had waited anxiously for news]

piston

[plunger]:

fortnight

[two weeks]:

well-bred

[well brought up, well mannered]: [she was too well bred to say anything] [a well-bred brood mare]

primitive

[ancient, preliterate, simple, crude]: [primitive mammals] [Primitive Germanic] [primitive people] [the primitive responses we share with many animals] [the Fauves saw primitive art as a liberating force]

ira

[anger, ire, wrath]:

wrath

[anger]: [he hid his pipe for fear of incurring his father's wrath]

declaration

[announcement, proclamation, assertion]: [a declaration of love] [the declaration of war] [all students must sign the following declaration]

exception

[anomaly, object, except]: [he always plays top tunes, and tonight was no exception] [the administrator made an exception in the Colonel's case and waived the normal visiting hours] [many viewers took great exception to the programme's content] [all water sports, with the exception of scuba diving, are complimentary] [almost without exception, all the residents are opposed to this vandalism]

respondent

[answerer, responder]: [out of the many thousands of respondents to our questionnaire, under a fifth were full-time housewives] [the respondent defendant] [the respondent firms in the survey]

hostile

[antagonistic, opposed]: [a hostile audience] [he wrote a ferociously hostile attack] [hostile aircraft] [people are very hostile to the idea] [the brewery fought off a hostile takeover bid last year]

antitrust

[antimonopoly]:

antiquary

[antiquarian, archaist]:

misanthropic

[antisocial]: [a misanthropic drunken loner] [with his misanthropic outlook, he was an ugly character]

apprehensive

[anxious]: [he felt apprehensive about going home]

regardless

[anyway, irrespective of]: [they were determined to carry on regardless] [the allowance is paid regardless of age or income]

asunder

[apart]: [those whom God hath joined together let no man put asunder]

suite

[apartment, retinue]: [a suite of reception rooms] [there is plenty of space for a dining table and a three-piece suite] [the Royal Saloon was built for the use of the Queen and her suite] [potassic rock suites are a characteristic feature of the area]

galore

[aplenty]: [there were prizes galore for everything]

disciple

[apostle, follower]: [a disciple of Rousseau]

execrable

[appalling]: [execrable cheap wine]

petition

[appeal, entreaty, appeal to]: [she was asked to sign a petition against plans to build on the local playing fields] [a steady stream of petitions to Allah were audible] [a divorce petition] [the organization is petitioning the EU for a moratorium on the patent] [the islanders petitioned the government to help them leave St Kilda]

flair

[aptitude, style]: [she had a flair for languages] [none of us had much artistic flair] [she dressed with flair]

dendroid

[arboreal, arboreous, arborescent, arboresque, arboriform, dendriform, dendroidal, tree-shaped, treelike]:

nemesis

[arch-enemy, downfall, retribution]: [injury, consistently his nemesis, struck him down during the match] [will Harry Potter finally defeat his nemesis, Voldemort?] [one risks nemesis by uttering such words] [Nemesis is notoriously slow]

archaeologist

[archeologist]: [Chinese archaeologists uncovered life-sized terracotta statues]

attribute

[ascribe, quality, symbol]: [he attributed the firm's success to the efforts of the managing director] [his resignation was attributed to stress] [the building was attributed to Inigo Jones] [ancient peoples attributed magic properties to certain stones] [flexibility and mobility are the key attributes of Britain's army]

solicit

[ask for, ask, work as a prostitute]: [he called a meeting to solicit their views] [don't solicit for money] [historians and critics are solicited for opinions by the auction houses] [although prostitution was not itself an offence, soliciting was]

inquire

[ask, enquire]:

concurrently

[at the same time]: [journal articles published concurrently with the exhibition]

aggress

[attack]: [he aggressed a flight attendant on an Air France flight] [victims in this situation may retaliate by aggressing against their husbands]

responsibility

[authority, blame, trustworthiness, duty]: [women bear children and take responsibility for childcare] [the group has claimed responsibility for a string of murders] [individuals have a responsibility to control their behaviour] [we expect individuals to take on more responsibility] [he will take over the responsibilities of Overseas Director]

attack

[begin an assault, assault, affect, criticize, attend to, assault, criticism, fit]: [in February the Germans attacked Verdun] [the terrorists did not attack again until March] [a doctor was attacked by two youths] [HIV is thought to attack certain cells in the brain] [he attacked the government's defence policy]

bellicose

[belligerent]: [a mood of bellicose jingoism]

transfusion

[blood transfusion]: [major bleeding necessitating transfusions] [transfusion is necessary in some circumstances]

stroke

[blow, shot, peal, mark, movement, thrombosis, caress, feat]: [he received three strokes of the cane] [he won by two strokes] [the first stroke would belt out from the clock] [the paint had been applied in careful, regular strokes] [massage the cream into your skin using light upward strokes]

diameter

[breadth]:

premises

[building(s)]: [the company has moved to new premises] [alcohol is not allowed on the premises] [the three had negotiated a lease for a premises in Boothstown, Manchester]

edifice

[building]: [the concepts on which the edifice of capitalism was built]

eventful

[busy, momentous]: [his long and eventful life]

unawares

[by surprise, unknowingly]: [the photographer had caught her unawares]

advocate

[champion, barrister, recommend]: [he was an untiring advocate of economic reform] [care managers can become advocates for their clients] [solicitors may act as advocates in Crown Courts] [voters supported candidates who advocated an Assembly]

choral

[chorale]: [a choral work] [a choral scholar]

ruth

[commiseration, pathos, pity]:

coxswain

[cox]:

cower

[cringe]: [children cowered in terror as the shoot-out erupted]

depreciate

[decrease in value, devalue, belittle, disparage]: [the latest cars will depreciate heavily in the first year] [she was already depreciating her own aesthetic taste]

fumigate

[disinfect]: [we got sulphur candles to fumigate the house]

exhume

[disinter]: [the bodies were exhumed on the orders of a judge] [various landforms have been exhumed from beneath a covering of Triassic sediments]

chaotic

[disorderly]: [the political situation was chaotic]

mete

[dispense]: [he denounced the maltreatment meted out to minorities] [with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again]

dissemble

[dissimulate, liar]: [an honest, sincere person with no need to dissemble] [she smiled, dissembling her true emotion]

pervert

[distort, corrupt, unnatural, deviant]: [he was charged with conspiring to pervert the course of justice] [Hector is a man who is simply perverted by his time] [he whispered perverted obscenities]

pitiful

[distressing, paltry, dreadful]: [two children in a very pitiful state] [a pitiful attempt to impress her]

schism

[division, split]: [the widening schism between Church leaders and politicians] [the persistence of this group could produce schism within society]

dogmatize

[dogmatise]: [I find views dogmatized to the point of absurdity]

bigot

[dogmatist]: [don't let a few small-minded bigots destroy the good image of the city] [he was a fanatical bigot]

phonetics

[]: [a phonetics laboratory]

burnout

[]: [an anti-stall mechanism prevents motor burnout] [high levels of professionalism which may result in burnout] [burnout velvet] [a long-sleeved jersey burnout top]

time consuming

[]: [an extremely time-consuming process]

gdp

[]: [contributions to the EC budget were based upon relative GDPs]

delta

[]: [delta hepatitis] [Delta Cephei] [the Nile delta] [a huge delta system developed]

hydroelectric

[]: [economic and environmental aspect of the hydroelectric scheme]

bethink

[]: [he bethought himself of the verse from the Book of Proverbs]

albeit

[]: [he was making progress, albeit rather slowly]

supplemental

[]: [many premature infants need supplemental oxygen soon after birth]

tortious

[]: [this does not make the act tortious] [tortious liability]

treaty

[agreement]: [the two Presidents signed a ten-year treaty of solidarity]

possessed

[amok, amuck, berserk, demoniac, demoniacal]: [she ran like a possessed person] [the striker charged down on goal like a man possessed]

sandstorm

[dust storm, duster, sirocco]:

duteous

[dutiful]: [a duteous vassal]

pedagogue

[educator, pedagog]:

adorn

[embellish]: [pictures and prints adorned his walls]

demulcent

[emollient, salving, softening]:

polytechnic

[engineering school, polytechnic institute]:

fancier

[enthusiast]: [a pigeon fancier]

fugacious

[ephemeral, passing, short-lived, transient, transitory]: [she was acutely conscious of her fugacious youth]

dispensation

[exemption, system, distribution]: [although she was too young, she was given special dispensation to play before her birthday] [he received papal dispensation to hold a number of benefices] [the Pope granted Henry a dispensation to marry Elizabeth of York] [scholarship is conveyed to a wider audience than under the old dispensation] [the Mosaic dispensation]

inaugural

[first, opening]: [his inaugural concert as Music Director] [President Clinton's inaugural]

influenza

[flu, grippe]:

foundation

[footing, basis, justification, founding, endowed institution]: [foundations were being dug for a block of flats] [build the arch resting on top of this solid foundation] [apply moisturizer a few minutes before using foundation] [heavy foundations and concealers can contribute to dull skin and clogged pores] [a foundation brush]

forcible

[forced, compulsory, forceful]: [signs of forcible entry] [they could only be deterred by forcible appeals]

crumb

[fragment]: [she brushed some cake crumbs off her dress] [a crispy crumb topping] [a morsel of crumb will often tempt a chub] [the Budget provided few crumbs of comfort] [he's an absolute crumb]

rack

[framework, torment, under pressure, think hard, achieve]: [a spice rack] [a letter rack] [a hay rack] [a steering rack] [that chick's got a nice rack]

rationalism

[freethinking]: [scientific rationalism]

excrescence

[growth, eyesore]: [the males often have a strange excrescence on the tip of the snout] [the building is a sixties excrescence foisted on an otherwise flawless street]

gymnastics

[gymnastic exercise]: [these vocal gymnastics make the music unforgettable]

appal

[horrify, shock]: [bankers are appalled at the economic incompetence of some ministers] [Alison looked at me, appalled]

aggressive

[hostile, warmongering, assertive]: [he's very uncooperative and aggressive] [we needed more growth to pursue our aggressive acquisition strategy]

gigantic

[huge]: [a gigantic concrete tower]

utopia

[ideal place]: [misplaced faith in political utopias has led to ruin] [a romantic vision of Utopia]

equal

[identical, equivalent, unbiased, evenly matched, capable of, equivalent, match, be as good as]: [add equal amounts of water and flour] [1 litre is roughly equal to 1 quart] [people are born free and equal] [a society where women and men are equal partners] [a dedicated campaigner for equal rights]

inchoative

[inchoative aspect]:

mutiny

[insurrection, rebellion, rise up, rebel]: [a mutiny by those manning the weapons could trigger a global war] [the crew were on the verge of mutiny] [thousands of the soldiers mutinied over the non-payment of wages]

passionate

[intense, very keen on, excitable, amorous]: [passionate pleas for help] [he's passionate about football] [a passionate kiss]

inbred

[interbred]: [inbred dogs will be more likely to have some genetic maladies]

exegesis

[interpretation]: [the task of biblical exegesis]

unbearable

[intolerable]: [the heat was getting unbearable]

defiant

[intransigent]: [a defiant gesture]

short

[small, low, direct, small, brief, concise, deficient in, scarce, curt, crumbly, briefly, undervalue, apart from]: [short dark hair] [a short flight of steps] [the bed was too short for him] [the hotel is a short walk from the sea] [a short skirt]

sought

[sought-after]:

monarch

[sovereign]: [the reigning monarch] [this followed an attempt by the deposed monarch to regain his throne]

resplendent

[splendid]: [she was resplendent in a sea-green dress]

magnificence

[splendour]: [the magnificence of the surrounding countryside]

galaxy

[star system, brilliant gathering]: [the four musicians have played with a galaxy of stars]

asinine

[stupid, foolish]: [Lydia ignored his asinine remark]

implement

[tool, execute]: [garden implements] [the scheme to implement student loans]

petty

[trivial, small-minded]: [the petty divisions of party politics] [she thought readers were being petty in writing to complain about blocked paths] [a petty official] [petty theft]

archetype

[typification]: [he was the archetype of the old-style football club chairman] [an instrument which was the archetype of the early flute] [mythological archetypes of good and evil]

precarious

[uncertain]: [a precarious ladder] [he made a precarious living as a painter]

imaginary

[unreal]: [Chris had imaginary conversations with her]

hilarious

[very funny, amusing]: [her hilarious novel] [the meal was noisy and hilarious]

pedestrian

[walker, dull]: [the road is so dangerous pedestrians avoid it] [a pedestrian bridge] [disenchantment with their pedestrian lives]

bulwark

[wall, protector]: [the security forces are a bulwark against the breakdown of society] [the ships met, their crews lining the bulwarks]

rinse

[wash]: [always rinse your hair thoroughly] [drain the beans and rinse well] [Rose rinsed out a tumbler] [Karen rinsed her mouth out] [the conditioning mousse doesn't have to be rinsed out]

transcribe

[write out, transliterate]: [each interview was taped and transcribed] [the court was adjourned so that they could transcribe their notes] [his largest early work was transcribed for organ] [polymerases transcribe it into a long RNA molecule]

youngster

[young person]:

timely

[opportune]: [a timely warning]

amnesty

[pardon, pardon]: [an amnesty for political prisoners] [a month-long weapons amnesty] [the guerrillas would be amnestied and allowed to return to civilian life]

zeal

[passion]: [his zeal for privatization] [Laura brought a missionary zeal to her work]

nostrum

[patent medicine, remedy]: [a charlatan who sells nostrums] [right-wing nostrums such as a wage freeze and cutting public spending]

track

[path, course, traces, course, rail, song, follow, monitor, forget about, on course, discover]: [follow the track to the farm] [a Formula One Grand Prix track] [the four running disciplines of track, road, country, and fell] [he followed the tracks made by the cars in the snow] [I didn't want them on my track]

stoicism

[patience]:

potent

[powerful, forceful, convincing, strong, intoxicating]: [thrones were potent symbols of authority] [a potent drug]

litany

[prayer, recital, list]: [a litany of complaints]

foreordain

[predetermined, preordained]: [progress is not foreordained]

elocution

[pronunciation]: [lessons in singing and elocution]

proscenium

[proscenium wall]:

defend

[protect, justify, support]: [we shall defend our island, whatever the cost] [he defended his policy of imposing high rates] [he won the party's nomination to defend the Welsh seat] [the defending champion] [he is a lawyer who specializes in defending political prisoners]

charlatan

[quack]: [a self-confessed con artist and charlatan]

apace

[quickly]: [work continues apace]

vibrate

[quiver, oscillate, throb]: [the cabin started to vibrate] [the bumblebee vibrated its wings for a few seconds] [his voice vibrated with terror] [a low rumbling sound that began to vibrate through the car]

yacht

[racing yacht]: [an eighty-five-foot diesel yacht]

recap

[recapitulate]: [a way of recapping the story so far] [to recap, the committee has decided to ask Farris, Cullen, and Jurgens to go] [a quick recap of the idea and its main advantages]

documentary

[recorded, factual, factual programme]: [documentary evidence of regular payments from the company] [a documentary programme about Manchester United]

get over

[recover from]: [the trip will help him get over Sal's death]

liable

[responsible, likely, exposed]: [the credit-card company is liable for any breach of contract] [non-resident trustees are liable to the basic rate of tax] [patients were liable to faint if they stood up too suddenly] [areas liable to flooding]

outcome

[result]: [it is the outcome of the vote that counts]

potentate

[ruler]:

brine

[saltwater, seawater]: [the olives have been stored in brine] [dolphins and whales can't help taking in the odd gulp of brine as they swallow a fish] [the classic dirty martini includes a few drops of olive brine] [these brines percolated downwards] [brined anchovies]

char

[scorch]: [a region charred by bush fires] [charred remains] [the exposed surfaces of the beams may char in a fire] [she trimmed the char from the wicks of the oil lamps] [she'd had to char and work in a grocery store to put herself through university]

singe

[scorch]: [the fire had singed his eyebrows] [a smell of singed feathers] [the heat was so intense I could feel the hairs on my hands singe]

fastidious

[scrupulous]: [she dressed with fastidious care] [the child seemed fastidious about getting her fingers dirty]

sailor

[seaman, sailors]: [Hawaii was an important stopping point for sailors to restock provisions] [he is a keen sailor in his spare time]

confident

[self-assured, optimistic, be confident]: [she was a confident, outgoing girl] [people who are confident in their identity] [this time they're confident of a happy ending] [I am not very confident about tonight's game]

instigate

[set in motion, incite]: [they instigated a reign of terror] [I will be instigating legal proceedings] [instigating men to refuse allegiance to the civil powers]

laid

[set]:

reef

[shoal]: [reef the mainsail in strong winds]

outrageous

[shocking, far-fetched, eye-catching]: [an outrageous act of bribery] [the outrageous claims made by the previous government] [her outrageous leotards and sexy routines]

emporium

[shop]:

adroit

[skilful]: [he was adroit at tax avoidance]

legerdemain

[sleight of hand, trickery]: [a classic piece of management legerdemain]

mordacious

[barbed, biting, nipping, pungent]:

teem

[be full of, pour (down)]: [every garden is teeming with wildlife] [she walked briskly through the teeming streets] [with the rain teeming down at the manor, Italy seemed a long way off]

butter

[be obsequious towards]: [Lily buttered a slice of toast] [lavishly buttered bread]

initiate

[begin, teach about, novice]: [he proposes to initiate discussions on planning procedures] [she had been formally initiated into the movement] [it's a secret sign to the initiated] [they were initiated into the mysteries of mathematics] [an initiate of the cult]

salutary

[beneficial, healthy]: [it failed to draw salutary lessons from Britain's loss of its colonies] [the salutary Atlantic air]

crooked

[bent, misshapen, deformed, criminal, dishonest]: [his teeth were yellow and crooked] [a crooked business deal] ['It's not you I'm crooked on,' he assured Vivien]

intolerance

[bigotry, sensitivity]: [a struggle against religious intolerance] [an intolerance of dissent] [young children with lactose intolerance] [he may have a food intolerance to dairy products]

beatitude

[blessedness]: [the expression of beatitude the religious sometimes adopt]

braggart

[boaster]: [braggart men]

augur

[bode, seer]: [the end of the cold war seemed to augur well] [they feared that these happenings augured a neo-Nazi revival] [this augurs well]

bibliophile

[book lover]:

ennui

[boredom, malaise]: [he succumbed to ennui and despair]

employer

[boss, firm]: [the National Health Service was the largest employer in Europe]

fracture

[breaking, break, crack, break, broken]: [ground movements could cause fracture of the pipe] [a fracture of the left leg] [obsidian shows a conchoidal fracture] [the stone has fractured] [ancient magmas fractured by the forces of wind and ice]

glimpse

[brief look, catch sight of]: [she caught a glimpse of the ocean] [during the interview he offered a behind-the-scenes glimpse of television] [he glimpsed a figure standing in the shade] [glow-worms glimpsing in the dark]

pamphlet

[brochure]: [he published a spate of pamphlets on the subjects about which he felt strongly] [a handful of heritage-minded citizens who pamphleted their neighbours]

burial

[burying]: [his remains were shipped home for burial] [they will give him a proper burial] [burial rites] [burial mounds]

bosom

[bust, protection, heart, close]: [her ample bosom] [the dress offered a fair display of bosom] [she had plucked the brooch from her bosom] [he carried a letter in his bosom] [Bruno went home each night to the bosom of his family]

telegraph

[cable, wire]: [news came from the outside world by telegraph] [I must go and telegraph Mama] [she would rush off to telegraph news to her magazine] [a tiny movement of her arm telegraphed her intention to strike] [I don't own a wedding ring—this telegraphs a sad story]

rankle

[cause resentment to]: [the casual manner of his dismissal still rankles] [Lisa was rankled by his assertion] [the wound is but skinned over and rankles still at the bottom]

bureaucracy

[civil service, red tape]: [the unnecessary bureaucracy in local government]

confidant

[close friend]: [a close confidante of the princess]

egress

[come forth, come out, emerge, go forth, issue]: [direct means of access and egress for passengers] [a narrow egress] [they'd egress the area by heading south-west]

unabridged

[complete]: [an unabridged edition]

convoluted

[complicated]: [the film is let down by a convoluted plot in which nothing really happens] [walnuts come in hard and convoluted shells]

equanimity

[composure]: [she accepted both the good and the bad with equanimity]

ratification

[confirmation]: [ratification of the treaty raised problems in several member states]

speculation

[conjecture, gamble]: [there has been widespread speculation that he plans to quit] [this is pure speculation on my part] [these are only speculations] [the company's move into property speculation] [he was a millionaire from speculations on the stock market]

intension

[connotation]:

caucus

[]: [Hawaii holds its nominating caucuses next Tuesday] [he stumbled through the Iowa caucuses and the New Hampshire primary] [Mr Kerry attended the morning caucus in the Old Senate Chamber where his fellow Democrats selected the new minority leadership] [she is renowned for her ability to unite her caucus] [a member of the Congressional Black Caucus]

keep the pot boiling

[]: [a home win over Sheffield kept the pot boiling]

valve

[]: [a valve shuts off the flow from the boiler when the water is hot enough] [the aortic valve] [a branchiopod has a two-valved outer covering]

wetware

[]: [differences between the wetware of the brain and the hardware found in our PCs]

pass the buck

[]: [elected political leaders cannot pass the buck for crisis decisions to any alternative source of authority]

electronics

[]: [electronics is seen as a growth industry] [electronics engineers] [the electronics have been incorporated inside a connector]

outage

[]: [frequent power outages] [a planned refuelling outage]

iconic

[]: [he became an iconic figure for directors around the world]

irritatingly

[]: [he keeps humming irritatingly] [an irritatingly shrill-voiced woman] [irritatingly, she is a chronic name-dropper] [an itch welled up irritatingly in his throat]

simile

[]: [his audacious deployment of simile and metaphor]

miscount

[]: [in some instances the votes were deliberately miscounted] [the police admitted that they had miscounted] [a miscount necessitates a recount]

interstellar

[]: [interstellar travel]

intracellular

[]: [intracellular calcium]

oneself

[]: [it is difficult to wrest oneself away] [resolutions that one makes to oneself] [the idea of publishing a book oneself] [freedom to be oneself]

lordling

[]: [lordlings do not argue with the Prince of Wales]

respiratory

[]: [respiratory disease]

minimally

[]: [shipments were only minimally affected by the strike] [minimally invasive surgery]

archbishop

[]: [the Archbishop of York]

vindicative

[]: [the Vindicative Answer lately published]

impartially

[]: [the adjudicator should act impartially in carrying out his duties]

astrological

[]: [the astrological sign of Taurus]

alternation

[]: [the regular alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables] [Ghana's climate is warm and humid, with distinct alternations between rainy summer and dry winters]

subtly

[]: [the script subtly shifts in tone from comedy to tragedy] [the mood and pacing subtly convey a creeping paranoia] [a subtly flavoured dessert] [subtly coloured fabrics] [he would prattle on about something else for a while before subtly raising the question again]

snapback

[]: [the star was photographed stepping out wearing a white tank top, skinny pants, and a Raiders snapback] [he donned a snapback cap]

conformable

[accordant, agreeable, concordant, consonant]: [personalities conformable to the ambient level of cultural evolution] [the human adoption of practices which are conformable to biological constraints]

aide-de-camp

[adjutant, aide]:

forward

[ahead, moving forwards, onward, front, future, advanced, bold, send on, send, advance]: [he started up the engine and the car moved forward] [Rory leaned forward over the table] [the number was the same backwards as forwards] [the signing of the treaty is a big step forward] [looking forward, earnings are expected to hit £7.2 billion]

intention

[aim, deliberateness]: [she was full of good intentions] [he announced his intention to stand for re-election] [intention is just one of the factors that will be considered] [if his intentions aren't honourable, I never want to see him again]

recess

[alcove, innermost parts/reaches, adjournment, adjourn]: [a table set into a recess] [the concrete block has a recess in its base] [the recesses of the silent pine forest] [the dark recesses of his soul] [talks resumed after a month's recess]

peerage

[aristocracy]: [on his retirement as cabinet secretary, he was given a peerage] [he was elevated to the peerage two years ago]

provoke

[arouse, goad, annoy, annoying]: [the decision provoked a storm of protest from civil rights organizations] [a teacher can provoke you into working harder] [Rachel refused to be provoked]

configuration

[arrangement]: [the unrepeatable configuration of the stars at the moment of your birth] [the broad configuration of the economy remains capitalist] [the PC comes with a removable hard disk drive as part of the standard configuration]

advent

[arrival]: [the advent of television]

contamination

[contaminant]: [the risk of contamination by dangerous bacteria] [the contamination of his morals]

claim

[assert, lay claim to, request, take, assertion, request, entitlement to]: [the Prime Minister claimed that he was concerned about Third World debt] ['I'm entitled to be conceited,' he claimed] [not every employee is eligible to claim unfair dismissal] [his supporters claimed victory in the presidential elections] [if no one claims the items, they will become Crown property]

companion

[associate, attendant, complement, handbook]: [his travelling companion] [fear became my constant companion] [my companions in misfortune] [Steve and his live-in companion] [she brought along her companion, whose drab attire set off her employer's brilliance]

shrewd

[astute, be shrewd]: [she was shrewd enough to guess the motive behind his gesture] [a shrewd career move] [a shrewd east wind] [a bayonet's shrewd thrust]

irregular

[asymmetrical, rough, inconsistent, against the rules, guerrilla, guerrilla]: [his strong, irregular features] [an irregular heartbeat] [their involvement in irregular financial dealings]

genuine

[authentic, sincere]: [genuine 24-carat gold] [a genuine attempt to put things right] [there was genuine affection in his voice]

mileage

[fuel consumption rate, gas mileage, gasoline mileage]: [the car is in good condition, considering its mileage] [the mileage rate will be 30p per mile] [he was getting a lot of mileage out of the mix-up] [as with all holistic treatments you have to keep doing them, and your mileage may vary]

stealth

[furtiveness]: [the silence and stealth of a hungry cat] [privatization by stealth] [a stealth bomber]

fruitless

[futile]: [his fruitless attempts to publish poetry] [a banana leaf from a fruitless palm]

arcade

[gallery, shopping centre]: [a shopping arcade] [Burlington Arcade]

sphere

[globe, domain, area]: [the markers on the route included two conspicuous black spheres] [the room was littered with books, maps, and spheres] [he sometimes took out his telescope to make sure the spheres were still revolving in good order] [political reforms to match those in the economic sphere] [mourners, sphered by their dark garb]

transcend

[go beyond, surpass]: [this was an issue transcending party politics] [he doubts that he will ever transcend Shakespeare]

covey

[group]: [coveys of actors rushed through the rooms]

develop

[grow, initiate, expand, come into being, fall ill with]: [motion pictures were to develop into mass entertainment] [this is a rapidly developing field] [enabling individuals to develop their personal skills] [the developing world] [plans to develop the area]

cultivation

[growing, agriculture, improvement, culture]: [the cultivation of arable crops] [the economy was based largely on rice cultivation] [the cultivation of good staff-management relations] [a man of cultivation and taste]

recur

[happen again]: [when the symptoms recurred, the doctor diagnosed something different] [a recurring theme] [Oglethorpe's words kept recurring to him] [the book remained a favourite and she constantly recurred to it]

firm

[hard, secure, strong, resolute, close, definite, company]: [the bed should be reasonably firm, but not too hard] [no building can stand without firm foundations] [he was unable to establish the shop on a firm financial footing] [you need a firm grip on the steering] [parents should be firm with children and not give in to their demands]

crop

[harvest, batch, whip, craw, cut short, graze on, harvest, happen]: [the main crops were oats and barley] [a heavy crop of fruit] [he had a thick crop of wiry hair] [failure to observe sound practice leads to a lamb crop at weaning of around 50-60 per cent] [the current crop of politicians]

headlong

[head foremost, without thinking, breakneck]: [he fell headlong into the tent] [a headlong dash through the house] [those who rush headlong to join in the latest craze]

dither

[hesitate]: [I can't bear people who dither] [he was dithering about the election date] [dithered bitmaps] [after months of dither ministers had still not agreed] [all of a dither, he prophesied instant chaos]

mundane

[humdrum, earthly]: [his mundane, humdrum existence] [according to the Shinto doctrine, spirits of the dead can act upon the mundane world]

appetite

[hunger, craving]: [he has a healthy appetite] [they suffered from loss of appetite] [her appetite for life]

theory

[hypothesis, principles, in principle]: [Darwin's theory of evolution] [a theory of education] [music theory] [my theory would be that the place has been seriously mismanaged] [in theory, things can only get better; in practice, they may well become a lot worse]

inkling

[idea]: [the records give us an inkling of how people saw the world]

inactive

[idle, inoperative]: [an inactive lifestyle] [the device remains inactive while the computer is started up] [an inactive Russian spy] [the inactive X chromosome] [inactive Crohn's disease]

distemper

[ill humor, ill humour]: [an attempt to illuminate the moral roots of the modern world's distemper] [the distempered roof timbers]

illegitimate

[illegal, born out of wedlock]: [defending workers against illegitimate managerial practices]

malady

[illness]: [an incurable malady] [the nation's maladies]

imposing

[impressive]: [an imposing 17th-century manor house]

instigator

[initiator]: [he was not the instigator of the incident] [any instigators of violence will be punished]

audit

[inspection, inspect]: [audits can't be expected to detect every fraud] [a complete audit of flora and fauna at the site] [unlimited companies must also have their accounts audited] [a method of auditing obstetric and neonatal care] [he made use of the knowledge gleaned from economics classes he audited]

investigator

[inspector]: [accident investigators are at the crash site] [investigators found no signs of forced entry]

visionary

[inspired]: [a visionary leader] [visionary dreams] [he is a visionary keen on policy-making]

determined

[intent on, resolute]: [Alina was determined to be heard] [Helen was a determined little girl] [a determined effort to reduce inflation]

research

[investigation, experiments, investigate, study]: [the group carries out research in geochemistry] [medical research] [he prefaces his study with a useful summary of his own researches] [a research student] [a research paper]

proctor

[invigilate]: [18% of the faculty reported that graduate assistants frequently proctored exams]

irksome

[irritating]: [an irksome journey] [petty regulations were becoming very irksome]

annoying

[irritating]: [annoying habits] [unsolicited calls are annoying]

fond

[keen on, adoring, unrealistic]: [I'm very fond of Mel] [he was not too fond of dancing] [I have very fond memories of Oxford] [a fond farewell]

refrigerate

[keep cold]: [refrigerate the dough for one hour]

wisdom

[knowledge]: [listen to his words of wisdom] [some questioned the wisdom of building the dam so close to an active volcano] [Eastern wisdom] [in their wisdom they decided to dispense with him]

maze

[labyrinth, complex network]: [the house has a maze and a walled Italian garden] [they were trapped in a menacing maze of corridors] [a maze of petty regulations] [she was still mazed with the drug she had taken]

lease

[leasehold, rent out, rent]: [a six-month lease on a shop] [she leased the site to a local company] [land was leased from the Duchy of Cornwall] [the transplant would give Claire a new lease of life]

goat

[lecher]: [just for once, stop acting the goat] [the nag ran like a hairy goat the last time out!] [to make matters worse, the car was running like a hairy goat]

socialist

[left-wing, left-winger]: [she was a lifelong socialist] [the history of socialist movement]

litigation

[legal proceeding(s)]: [the company wishes to avoid litigation]

communicate

[liaise, convey, get one's ideas across, transmit, connect with]: [the prisoner was forbidden to communicate with his family] [he communicated his findings to the inspector] [the ability of good teachers to communicate their own enthusiasm] [his sudden fear communicated itself] [a politician must have the ability to communicate]

predilection

[liking]: [your predilection for pretty girls]

juice

[liquid, liquid, secretions]: [add the juice of a lemon] [a carton of orange juice] [put with the salmon, reserving the cooking juices] [the digestive juices] [it saps the creative juices]

enumerate

[list, calculate]: [there is not space to enumerate all his works] [6,079 residents were enumerated in 241 establishments]

inventory

[list, list]: [in our warehouse you'll find a large inventory of new and used bicycles] [I inventoried his collection of drawings] [every book was inventoried]

inhabit

[live in]: [a bird that inhabits North America] [the region was inhabited by Indians]

attic

[loft]: [I discovered a dozen rolls of the original wallpaper in a tin trunk in the attic] [there are five attic bedrooms]

highness

[loftiness]: [I am most grateful, Your Highness] [the highness of her cheekbones]

survey

[look at, scrutinize, make a survey of, interview, study, scrutiny, poll, valuation]: [her green eyes surveyed him coolly] [I surveyed the options] [he surveyed the coasts of New Zealand] [the cottage didn't look unsafe, but he had it surveyed] [95 per cent of patients surveyed were satisfied with the health service]

resemble

[look like]: [some people resemble their dogs] [they resembled each other closely]

dilute

[make weaker, thin out, weak, diminish, weak]: [bleach can be diluted with cold water] [diluted fruit juice] [the reforms have been diluted] [the report was published in a diluted form] [a dilute solution of potassium permanganate]

composition

[make-up, mixture, work of art, writing, essay, arrangement]: [the social composition of villages] [the composition of a new government was announced in November] [a theory is a composition of interrelated facts] [persons who have a touch of madness in their composition] [composition tiles]

forum

[meeting, setting, public meeting place]: [we hope these pages act as a forum for debate]

reference

[mention of, source, referral, testimonial, apropos]: [he made reference to the enormous power of the mass media] [references to Darwinism and evolution] [each chapter should have references to books covering the subject in greater depth] [popular works of reference] [a reference work]

travesty

[misrepresentation, misrepresent]: [the absurdly lenient sentence is a travesty of justice] [Michael has betrayed the family by travestying them in his plays]

mingle

[mix, socialize]: [the sound of voices mingled with a scraping of chairs] [a smell which mingled disinfectant and soap] [a chance to mingle with celebs]

derision

[mockery]: [my stories were greeted with derision and disbelief]

condensation

[moisture, precipitation, abridgement, summary, shortening]: [the inside of the cab steamed up with condensation] [the cloud is caused by condensation in the air] [a readable condensation of the recent literature]

currency

[money, prevalence]: [the dollar was a strong currency] [travellers cheques in foreign currency] [the term gained wider currency after the turn of the century] [no claim had been made during the currency of the policy]

measles

[morbilli, rubeola]: [women queue to have their children immunized against measles] [a severe case of the measles]

octave

[musical octave]:

arcane

[mysterious]: [arcane procedures for electing people]

folklore

[mythology, legends]: [Hollywood folklore]

ingenuous

[naive]: [he eyed her with wide, ingenuous eyes] [she's staggeringly ingenuous, or possibly very cunning indeed]

district

[neighbourhood]: [a coal-mining district] [a district health authority] [the province's system of electoral districting]

topology

[network topology]: [the topology of a computer network]

nickel

[nickel note]: [a button the size of a nickel] [we will see gasoline prices go up about a nickel] [heavily nickelled iron castings]

anarchist

[nihilist]: [an anarchist newspaper]

nought

[nil, nothing]:

agile

[nimble, alert]: [Ruth was as agile as a monkey] [his vague manner concealed an agile mind] [agile methods replace high-level design with frequent redesign]

baron

[noble, magnate]: [a press baron]

mainstream

[normal]: [they withdrew from the mainstream of European politics] [it was a form of jazz that had strayed away from the mainstream] [mainstream pop music] [children with minor handicaps would be able to attend mainstream schools] [vegetarianism has been mainstreamed]

recently

[not long ago]: [I recently bought a CD player] [until recently we had a female doctor]

blunt

[not sharp, rounded, straightforward, make less sharp, dull]: [a blunt knife] [the blunt tip of the leaf] [a blunt statement of fact] [wood can blunt your axe] [the edge may blunt very rapidly]

noteworthy

[notable, remarkable]: [noteworthy features] [it is noteworthy that no one at the Bank has accepted responsibility for the failure]

significantly

[notably, meaningfully]: [energy bills have increased significantly this year] [their situation is significantly different from ours] [significantly, he has refused to give a straight answer to this question] [he paused significantly]

article

[object, essay, clause]: [small household articles] [articles of clothing] [an article about middle-aged executives] [it is an offence under Article 7 of the Treaty] [he is already in articles]

protest

[objection, demonstration, express opposition, demonstrate, insist on]: [the British team lodged an official protest] [two senior scientists resigned in protest] [a protest over planned pit closures] [a protest march] [before Muriel could protest, he had filled both glasses]

evident

[obvious]: [she ate the biscuits with evident enjoyment]

evidently

[obviously, seemingly]: [a work so evidently laden with significance] [evidently Mrs Smith thought differently] ['Were they old pals or something?' 'Evidently.']

ubiquitous

[omnipresent]: [his ubiquitous influence was felt by all the family] [cowboy hats are ubiquitous among the male singers]

possess

[own, have, acquire, take control of, mad, obsess]: [I do not possess a television set] [a two-year suspended sentence for possessing cocaine] [he did not possess a sense of humour] [a fading blonde possessed of a powerful soprano voice] [all that the plaintiffs did was to possess themselves of the securities]

wan

[pale, dim]: [she was looking wan and bleary-eyed] [the wan dawn light] [he gave a wan smile]

coddle

[pamper]: [I was coddled and cosseted] [you may have your eggs scrambled, poached, coddled, or boiled]

allegory

[parable]: [Pilgrim's Progress is an allegory of the spiritual journey]

screen

[partition, buffer, mesh, display, sieve, conceal, partition off, show, vet, check, sieve]: [the Special Branch man remained hidden behind the screen for prosecution witnesses] [a room with a red carpet and screens with oriental decorations] [his jeep was discreetly parked behind a screen of trees] [the article is using science as a screen for unexamined prejudice] [the chancel screen retains two sections of the original oak arcading]

mate

[partner, friend, man, assistant, breed, copulation, sexually active, couple]: [a male bird sings to court a mate] [he couldn't satisfy his frisky young mate] [a sock without its mate] [his table-mates] [my best mate Steve]

corridor

[passage]: [his room lay at the very end of the corridor] [even on long journeys early trains had no corridors] [the security forces established corridors for humanitarian supplies] [he will be a considerable influence in the corridors of power, particularly when it comes to private legislation]

patriarchy

[patriarchate]: [the thematic relationships of the ballad are worked out according to the conventional archetypes of the patriarchy] [the dominant ideology of patriarchy] [we live in a patriarchy]

coop

[pen, confine]: [being cooped up indoors all day makes him fidgety] [our free-range chickens roam the barnyard instead of staying cooped up in a henhouse]

paragon

[perfect example]: [it would have taken a paragon of virtue not to feel viciously jealous] [your cook is a paragon]

penetration

[perforation, infiltration, insight, discernment]: [the zip has a Velcro-secured flap to minimize rain penetration] [they had failed to make any penetration into new energy markets] [the software has attained a high degree of market penetration] [the survey shows subtlety and penetration]

journal

[periodical, diary]: [medical journals] [the Wall Street Journal] [while abroad he had kept a journal]

pervious

[permeable, receptive]: [pervious rocks]

terrify

[petrified, petrify]: [the thought terrifies me] [he is terrified of spiders] [she was terrified he would drop her] [the terrifying events of the past few weeks]

stage

[phase, part, platform, (the) theatre, scene, put on, organize]: [there is no need at this stage to give explicit details] [I was in the early stages of pregnancy] [the final stage of the journey is made by coach] [a series resistance between the headphones and the output stage] [there are only two characters on stage]

phlegmatic

[phlegmatical]: [the phlegmatic British character]

badge

[pin, emblem, sign]: [the badge of the Cheshire Regiment] [they wore plastic name badges] [the car's front badge is much loved by thieves] [philanthropy was regarded as a badge of social esteem] [vendors can badge their products 'certified']

compassionate

[pitying]: [I allowed him to go home on compassionate grounds] [she tried to sound compassionate]

swivel

[pivot, turn]: [he swivelled in the chair] [she swivelled her eyes round]

design

[plan, pattern, intention, plan, invent, intend, deliberately]: [he has just unveiled his design for the new museum] [good design can help the reader understand complicated information] [inside, the design reverts to turn-of-the-century luxe] [pottery with a lovely blue and white design] [the appearance of design in the universe]

scheme

[plan, plot, arrangement, plot]: [the occupational sick pay scheme] [police uncovered a scheme to steal paintings worth more than $250,000] [a classical rhyme scheme] [the whole scheme is plunged into darkness, bar the light in Victor's house] [Sheila and me were in that gang on the scheme]

fertilizer

[plant food]: [sewage sludge could be a valuable fertilizer for use in British forests]

vegetation

[plants]: [the chalk cliffs are mainly sheer with little vegetation]

truism

[platitude]: [the truism that you get what you pay for]

site

[plot, location, place]: [the proposed site of a hydroelectric dam] [the concrete is mixed on site] [the site of the Battle of Flodden] [site visits] [the site has no ads and is not being promoted with banners]

despoil

[plunder, rob]: [the church was despoiled of its marble wall covering]

speculator

[plunger]: [financial speculators exploiting small changes in markets to make money] [speculators are driving the price of oil higher] [the opinions of philosophical speculators] [speculators about the nature of the cosmos]

toxic

[poisonous]: [the dumping of toxic waste] [alcohol is toxic to the ovaries] [toxic hazards] [toxic liver injury] [a toxic relationship]

perch

[pole, roost, be located, put]: [the budgerigar shuffled along its perch] [Marian looked down from her perch in a beech tree above the road] [a herring gull perched on the rails] [Eve perched on the side of the armchair] [the fortress is perched on a crag in the mountains]

indigent

[poor]: [a charity for the relief of indigent artists]

populace

[population]: [the party misjudged the mood of the populace]

presage

[portend, omen]: [the heavy clouds above the moorland presaged snow] [lands he could measure, terms and tides presage] [the fever was a sombre presage of his final illness] [he had a strong presage that he had only a very short time to live]

rank

[position, high standing, row, classify, have a rank, line up, abundant, offensive, downright]: [an army officer of high rank] [he was promoted to the rank of Captain] [only two cabinet members had held ministerial rank before] [persons of rank and breeding] [they were drawn up outside their barracks in long ranks]

thumb

[press, leaf, make dog-eared, hitch-hike, ask for, defy, rejection, approval, permission]: [as soon as she thumbed the button, the door slid open] [he thumbed towards the men behind him] [I've thumbed my address book and found quite a range of smaller hotels] [he was thumbing through USA Today for the umpteenth time] [his dictionaries were thumbed and ink-stained]

coerce

[pressure]: [he was coerced into giving evidence] [their confessions were allegedly coerced by torture]

predominance

[prevalence, supremacy]: [the predominance of women in such professions as social work and nursing] [churches with a predominance of African-American members] [Hollywood's continued predominance in the international film market]

pervasive

[prevalent]: [ageism is pervasive and entrenched in our society]

preclude

[prevent]: [the secret nature of his work precluded official recognition] [his difficulties preclude him from leading a normal life]

formerly

[previously]: [Mumbai, formerly Bombay] [the building formerly housed the National Assembly]

ape

[primate, imitate]: [cunning is but the ape of wisdom] [new architecture can respect the old without aping its style] [your kids will go ape over these frozen pops!] [Ricky would go apeshit if anything happened to Wayne]

confidentially

[privately]: [all queries will be treated confidentially]

palm

[prize, have control over, foist]: [the consensus was that the palm should go to Doerner] [she held the bird in the palm of her hand] [a palm print] [batting gloves with leather reinforced palms] [he was a deft hand with the palm and needle]

likelihood

[probability]: [young people who can see no likelihood of finding employment] [situations where there is a likelihood of violence] [in all likelihood Helen will outlive me]

routine

[procedure, act, standard]: [I settled down into a routine of work and sleep] [as a matter of routine a report will be sent to the director] [he was trying to persuade her to have a tap routine in the play] [the Ministry insisted that this was just a routine annual drill] [all had been routined with smoothness]

enunciate

[pronounce, express]: [she enunciated each word slowly] [a written document enunciating this policy]

buttress

[prop, strengthen]: [the cathedral's massive buttresses] [the political police were the main buttress of the regime] [a buttressed wall] [authority was buttressed by religious belief]

refine

[purify, improve]: [sugar was refined by boiling it in huge iron vats] [ease of access to computers has refined analysis and presentation of data]

measurement

[quantification, value, size]: [accurate measurement is essential] [a telescope with which precise measurements can be made] [his inside leg measurement] [a hand is a measurement used for measuring horses]

rue

[regret]: [Ferguson will rue the day he turned down that offer] [she might live to rue this impetuous decision] [with rue my heart is laden] [tears of pitying rue]

symmetrical

[regular, well balanced]: [the shape of a hill, smooth and symmetrical]

veritable

[regular]: [the early 1970s witnessed a veritable price explosion]

periodic

[regular]: [the periodic visits she made to her father]

modulate

[regulate, adjust]: [the state attempts to modulate private business's cash flow] [we all modulate our voice by hearing it] [radio waves are modulated to carry the analogue information of the voice] [the first half of the melody, modulating from E minor to G] [the fraught silence would modulate into conciliatory monosyllables]

comparatively

[relatively]: [inflation was comparatively low]

evacuate

[remove, clear, leave, empty (out)]: [several families were evacuated from their homes] [fire alarms forced staff to evacuate the building] [nearly five million had to evacuate because of air terror] [the last British troops evacuated the Canal Zone] [when it springs a leak, evacuate the pond]

recurrent

[repeated]: [she had a recurrent dream about falling] [the recurrent nerve leaves the hypocerebral ganglion]

describe

[report, designate, delineate]: [he described his experiences in a letter to his parents] [on the diameter of a circle an equilateral triangle is described] [a single light is seen to describe a circle]

democracy

[representative government]: [a system of parliamentary democracy] [a multiparty democracy] [the intended extension of industrial democracy] [demands for greater democracy]

agent

[representative, agency, spy, medium, doer]: [in the event of illness, a durable power of attorney enabled her nephew to act as her agent] [his agent was able to negotiate a long-term contract] [speak to your letting agent about refurbishing the property] [a trained intelligence agent] [universities are usually liberal communities that often view themselves as agents of social change]

readjust

[reset]: [I readjusted the rear-view mirror] [it can take years to readjust to this situation]

remainder

[residue, balance]: [leave a few mushrooms for garnish and slice the remainder] [23 divided by 3 is 7, remainder 2] [it seems that buying and selling remainders is the lowest form of bookselling] [the remainder of the year] [titles are being remaindered increasingly quickly to save on overheads]

deference

[respect, submissiveness]: [he addressed her with the deference due to age] [in deference to her wishes we spent two weeks on the coast]

revere

[respect]: [Cézanne's still lifes were revered by his contemporaries]

maintain

[continue, keep in good condition, support, uphold, insist (on)]: [the need to maintain close links between industry and schools] [agricultural prices will have to be maintained] [the Department for Transport is responsible for maintaining the main roads in England] [the allowance covers the basic costs of maintaining a child] [an English garrison was maintained there in the seventeenth century]

tractable

[controllable, docile]: [she has always been tractable and obedient, even as a child] [trying to make the mathematics tractable]

contentious

[controversial, heated]: [a contentious issue] [the socio-economic plan had been the subject of contentious debate]

confluence

[convergence]: [the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss] [farther down the Tigris at its confluence with the Euphrates] [a major confluence of the world's financial markets]

delivery

[conveyance, consignment, birth, ball bowled, manner of speaking]: [allow up to 28 days for delivery] [there will be around 15 deliveries a week] [new deliveries are stacked behind older stock] [injuries sustained during delivery] [practically all deliveries take place in hospital]

apotheosis

[culmination]: [his appearance as Hamlet was the apotheosis of his career] [death spared Pompey the task of having to account for the apotheosis of Caesar]

ingratiate

[curry favour with]: [a sycophantic attempt to ingratiate herself with the local aristocracy]

violator

[debaucher, ravisher]: [a major crackdown on violators of immigration regulations] [the new smoking restrictions call for hefty fines for violators] [a violator of nature] [a violator of sacred relics] [Monica is able to name the violators of her body]

debilitating

[debilitative, enervating, enfeebling, weakening, draining, exhausting]: [debilitating back pain] [the debilitating effects of underinvestment]

deceptively

[deceivingly, misleadingly]: [the idea was deceptively simple] [the airy and deceptively spacious lounge] [deceptively smooth surface] [deceptively spacious room] [deceptively steep gradient]

blight

[disease, affliction, infect, ruin]: [the vines suffered blight and disease] [potato blight] [her remorse could be a blight on that happiness] [the city's high-rise social housing had become synonymous with urban blight] [a peach tree blighted by leaf curl]

corruption

[dishonesty, sin, immorality, alteration, falsification]: [the journalist who wants to expose corruption in high places] [the corruption of youth was a powerful motif] [the word 'addict' conjures up evil and corruption] [a record of a word's corruption] [the term 'hobgoblin' is thought to be a corruption of 'Robgoblin']

incline

[disposed, predispose, prefer, liable, lean, bend, slope]: [he was inclined to accept the offer] [Lucy was inclined to a belief in original sin] [I'm inclined to agree with you] [his prejudice inclines him to overlook obvious facts] [I incline to the view that this conclusion is untenable]

ignore

[disregard, snub, set aside]: [he ignored her outraged question] [the rules ignore one important principle of cricket]

suspicious

[doubtful, disreputable, questionable]: [he was suspicious of her motives] [she gave him a suspicious look] [they are not treating the fire as suspicious] [police were called when staff became suspicious]

protracted

[drawn-out, extended, lengthy, prolonged]: [a protracted and bitter dispute]

uncanny

[eerie, striking]: [an uncanny feeling that she was being watched]

ambassador

[envoy, campaigner]: [the French ambassador to Portugal] [he is a good ambassador for the industry]

egalitarian

[equalitarian]: [a fairer, more egalitarian society] [he was a social and political egalitarian]

indispensable

[essential]: [he made himself indispensable to the parish priest]

panegyric

[eulogy]: [a panegyric on the pleasures of malt whisky]

assay

[evaluation, evaluate]: [submission of plate for assay] [each assay was performed in duplicate] [the man who assayed gold was more than a technician] [cell contents were assayed for enzyme activity] [stepping inside, I quickly assayed the clientele]

sublime

[exalted, supreme]: [Mozart's sublime piano concertos] [experiences that ranged from the sublime to the ridiculous] [a sense of the sublime] [he had the sublime confidence of youth] [the ice sublimed away, leaving the books dry and undamaged]

apart from

[except for]: [the whole world seemed to be sleeping, apart from Barbara] [quite apart from all the work, he had such financial problems]

ostracize

[exclude]: [she was declared a witch and ostracized by the villagers] [Themistocles was indeed out of favour at Athens by the end of the 470s, when he was ostracized]

tour

[excursion, visit, circuit, stint, travel round, visit]: [a motoring tour of Scotland] [a tour of the White House] [Ireland's eight-match tour of New Zealand] [she joined the Royal Shakespeare Company on tour] [a tour of duty in Northern Ireland]

exhibitor

[exhibitioner, shower]: [the trade fair attracted 89 exhibitors and 37,000 visitors]

banish

[exile, dispel]: [a number of people were banished to Siberia for political crimes] [all thoughts of romance were banished from her head]

extension

[expansion, postponement]: [the railway's southern extension] [they hope to demolish the store and build a bar extension] [the extension of the President's powers] [direct marketing is an extension of telephone selling] [the initial term of appointment is for one year, but an extension of two years is envisaged]

anticipation

[expectation, expectancy, in the expectation of]: [her eyes sparkled with anticipation] [they manned the telephones in anticipation of a flood of calls]

due

[expected, owing, deserved by, proper, rightful treatment, fee, directly, attributable to, because of, at the appropriate time]: [the baby's due in August] [he is due back soon] [talks are due to adjourn tomorrow] [the May instalment was due] [she was due for a rise]

encounter

[experience, meet, meeting, battle]: [we have encountered one small problem] [what do we know about the people we encounter in our daily lives?] [she felt totally unnerved by the encounter] [his close encounter with death]

scope

[extent, opportunity]: [we widened the scope of our investigation] [such questions go beyond the scope of this book] [the scope for major change is always limited by political realities] [Plato even maintains religion to be the chief aim and scope of human life] [infrared night scopes]

supernumerary

[extra, spear carrier]: [books were obviously supernumerary, and he began jettisoning them] [a pair of supernumerary teats] [as a supernumerary he was given a variety of jobs]

fornication

[extramarital sex]: [laws forbidding adultery and fornication]

sight

[eyesight, view, range of vision, perception, landmark, eyesore, glimpse, glimpse, hidden, aspire to]: [Joseph lost his sight as a baby] [a sight test] [I've always been scared of the sight of blood] [he now refused to let Rose out of his sight] [we are all equal in the sight of God]

lethal

[fatal]: [a lethal cocktail of drink and pills] [the Krakatoa eruption was the most lethal on record] [a lethal drop-shot]

paternity

[fatherhood]: [he refused to admit paternity of the child] [his enemies made great play of the supposed dubiety of his paternity]

plume

[feather, congratulate oneself]: [a hat with a jaunty ostrich plume] [the antennae are divided into large feathery plumes] [as he spoke, the word was accompanied by a white plume of breath] [a radioactive plume] [smoke plumed from the chimneys]

honorarium

[fee]:

perfection

[flawlessness, the ideal, improvement]: [the satiny perfection of her skin] [his pursuit of golfing perfection] [I am told that she is perfection itself] [among the key tasks was the perfection of new mechanisms of economic management] [a blue suit that showed off her blonde hair to perfection]

submerge

[flood, go under water, hide]: [houses had been flooded and cars submerged] [the U-boat had had time to submerge] [the tensions submerged earlier in the campaign now came to the fore]

freak

[fluke, unusual, aberration, oddity, go crazy]: [the teacher says the accident was a total freak] [a freak storm] [a few freaks have been discovered, one amazing cat tipping the scales at no less than 43 lbs] [a freak red cabbage with side shoots coming from the leaves] [her books offer us the independent girl as something of a freak]

soar

[fly up, glide, increase rapidly]: [the bird spread its wings and soared into the air] [when she heard his voice, her spirits soared] [the gulls soared on the summery winds] [the cost of living continued to soar] [the soaring crime rate]

fabricate

[forge, concoct, make]: [officers fabricated evidence] [you will have to fabricate an exhaust system]

crystallize

[form crystals, become clear]: [when most liquids freeze they crystallize] [a box of crystallized fruits] [vague feelings of unrest crystallized into something more concrete] [writing can help to crystallize your thoughts] [no deduction is given for contingent liabilities until they crystallize]

formalize

[formalise, validate]: [a year has elapsed since the marriage was formalized] [we became able to formalize our thoughts]

fort

[fortress]: [the city was guarded by a ring of forts]

citadel

[fortress]: [the garrison withdrew into the citadel] [citadels of private economic power]

quadruped

[four-footed, quadrupedal]: [smell is so important to quadrupeds] [primitive quadruped simian species]

parameter

[framework]: [there are three parameters by which a speaker is able to modify the meaning of the utterance—pitch, volume, and tempo] [the parameters within which the media work]

candid

[frank, unposed]: [his responses were remarkably candid] [a candid discussion] [it is better to let the photographer mingle among the guests and take candid shots]

straight from the shoulder

[frankly]: [sometimes he spoke straight from the shoulder and sometimes in puzzles]

amity

[friendship]: [the presence of French troops in Scotland had produced hostility rather than amity]

playful

[frisky, light-hearted]: [a playful tomboy who loves to dress up] [he gave me a playful punch on the arm] [the ballet accents the playful use of movement]

flippant

[frivolous]: [a flippant remark]

scowl

[frown, glower]: [she stamped into the room with a scowl on her face] [she scowled at him defiantly]

hail

[frozen rain, barrage, beat, greet, flag down, acclaim, glorify, come from, greeting]: [rain and hail bounced on the tiled roof] [a hail of bullets] [it hailed so hard we had to stop] [missiles and bombs hail down from the sky] [I hailed her in English]

rave

[talk wildly, rant, praise enthusiastically, enthusiastic/lavish praise, very enthusiastic, warehouse party]: [Nancy's having hysterics and raving about a black ghost] ['Never mind how he feels!' Melissa raved] [New York's critics raved about the acting] [they used to rave together—then they started working together] [their tour received rave reviews]

speak

[talk, have a conversation, give a speech, represent, advocate, mention, reprimand, indicate, speak publicly, speak (more) loudly]: [in his agitation he was unable to speak] [she refused to speak about the incident] [last time we spoke, you told me you couldn't do the job] [I'll speak to him if he rings up] [patients copy words spoken by the therapist]

shred

[tatter, scrap, chop finely]: [her dress was torn to shreds] [we have not a shred of evidence to go on] [executives have shredded key documents] [we want to hear everything from country and western to blisteringly fast guitar shredding] [my reputation will be in shreds]

moist

[tearful, damp]: [the moist, fertile soil] [her brother's eyes became moist] [exposure to the Atlantic on the west gives rise to a cool, moist climate]

lure

[tempt]: [the child was lured into a car but managed to escape] [the film industry always has been a glamorous lure for young girls] [the lure of the exotic East]

irresistible

[tempting, uncontrollable]: [he found the delicious-looking cakes irresistible] [she felt an irresistible urge to object]

persistent

[tenacious, continuing, chronic]: [one of the government's most persistent critics] [an attempt to stop persistent drink-drivers] [persistent rain will affect many areas] [persistent reports of human rights abuses by the military] [PCBs are persistent environmental contaminants]

trend

[tendency, fashion, move]: [an upward trend in sales and profit margins] [the latest trends in modern dance] [for more than 20 days in a row, most of the top Twitter trends were Olympics-related] [unemployment has been trending upwards] [the Richelieu River trending southward to Lake Champlain]

propensity

[tendency]: [his propensity for violence] [their innate propensity to attack one another]

lukewarm

[tepid, indifferent]: [they drank bitter lukewarm coffee] [Britain is lukewarm about the proposal]

culture

[the arts, intellectual/artistic awareness, civilization, cultivation]: [20th century popular culture] [men of culture] [Afro-Caribbean culture] [people from many different cultures] [the emerging drug culture]

journalism

[the newspaper business, reporting]: [pop journalism] [she had begun a career in journalism] [a collection of journalism]

keynote

[theme]: [individuality is the keynote of the Nineties] [he delivered the keynote address]

emaciated

[thin]: [she was so emaciated she could hardly stand]

philosophy

[thinking, beliefs]: [the philosophies of Plato and Aristotle] [the philosophy of science] [don't expect anything and you won't be disappointed, that's my philosophy]

rampant

[uncontrolled, vehement, luxuriant, upright]: [political violence was rampant] [rampant inflation] [rampant sex] [a rich soil soon becomes home to rampant weeds] [two gold lions rampant]

unorthodox

[unconventional, heterodox]: [he frequently upset other scholars with his unorthodox views]

tunnel

[underground passage, dig]: [a road tunnel through the Pyrenees] [the Mersey tunnel] [the tunnel mouth] [he jogged off the field and into the tunnel] [cover plants in rows with a cloche tunnel]

adverse

[unfavourable, harmful, hostile, unfavourable]: [taxes are having an adverse effect on production] [adverse weather conditions] [adverse weather conditions] [I am not averse to helping out] [he is not adverse to making a profit]

memorable

[unforgettable]: [he recalled memorable moments in his life]

inaudible

[unheard]: [inaudible pulses of high-frequency sound]

prosaic

[unimaginative, ordinary]: [prosaic language can't convey the experience] [the masses were too preoccupied by prosaic day-to-day concerns]

ineligible

[unqualified]: [they were ineligible for jury service] [as a son-in-law he was quite ineligible]

early

[untimely, prompt, advance, early in the day, before the usual time]: [we ate an early lunch] [an early goal secured victory] [she's in her early fifties] [we agreed to meet at 6 am to get an early start] [early impressionism]

reluctant

[unwilling, shy, loath]: [she seemed reluctant to answer]

sensitive

[responsive to, delicate, tactful, easily offended]: [the new method of protein detection was more sensitive than earlier ones] [spiders are sensitive to vibrations on their web] [the committee called for improved protection of wildlife in environmentally sensitive areas] [the Japanese were successfully entering many of the most sensitive markets] [I pay tribute to the Minister for his sensitive handling of the bill]

repulsive

[revolting]: [a repulsive smell]

commodious

[roomy]: [they moved to a more commodious dwelling]

browser

[web browser]: [a wonderful array of shops that will keep any browser amused for hours] [a web browser] [roe deer are browsers, living throughout the year in dense woodland]

willow

[willow tree]:

hypocrite

[sanctimonious person]: [the story tells of respectable Ben who turns out to be a cheat and a hypocrite]

squirrel

[save]: [the money was squirrelled away in foreign bank accounts] [they were squirrelling around in the woods in search of something]

negative

[saying 'no', pessimistic, harmful, 'no']: [that, I take it, was a negative answer] [a negative test result] [all the patients have tested negative for TB] [he is HIV-negative] [they were described as having negative vulnerability to water entry]

shipwreck

[wreck]: [these islands have a history of shipwrecks and smuggling] [the angry waves, whose fury heralds shipwreck] [by rejecting conscience, they have made a shipwreck of their faith] [the detritus of a forgotten shipwreck] [the English envoy was shipwrecked off the coast of Sardinia and nearly drowned]

wrest

[wrench]: [Leila tried to wrest her arm from his hold] [they wanted people to wrest control of their lives from impersonal bureaucracies] [you appear convinced of my guilt, and wrest every reply I have made]

moderation

[self-restraint, relaxation, in moderate quantities]: [he urged the police to show moderation] [the union's approach was based on increased dialogue and the moderation of demands] [coursework may need to be filed separately for the purposes of moderation] [he took firsts in classical honour Moderations] [nuts can be eaten in moderation]

sensibility

[sensitivity, feelings]: [the study of literature leads to a growth of intelligence and sensibility] [the scale of the poverty revealed by the survey shocked people's sensibilities]

saccharine

[sentimental]: [saccharine music]

respective

[separate]: [they chatted about their respective childhoods]

earnest

[serious, devout, serious, zealously]: [an earnest student] [two girls were in earnest conversation] [work began again in earnest] [Cameron looked at him to make sure he was in earnest] [the very deliberateness of their disguise is an earnest of their real aloofness]

worn

[shabby, strained]: [his knees were encased in worn plus fours] [his face looked worn and old]

ironclad

[sheathed]: [an ironclad guarantee]

lustrous

[shiny]: [large, lustrous eyes]

ostentation

[showiness, pretentiousness]: [the office was spacious, but without any trace of ostentation]

canny

[shrewd]: [canny investors will switch banks if they think they are getting a raw deal] [she's a canny lass]

by-product

[side effect]: [zinc is a by-product of the glazing process] [he saw poverty as the by-product of colonial prosperity]

odour

[smell, atmosphere]: [the odour of cigarette smoke] [an odour of suspicion] [a decade of bad odour between Britain and the European Community] [I want him in good odour again with his king]

soybean

[soy, soya bean]:

shovel

[spade, scoop (up)]: [an area of turf had been dug up by vandals using a pick and shovel] [a few shovels of earth] [she shovelled coal on the fire] [Dave was shovelling pasta into his mouth]

mast

[spar, flagpole]: [he had sailed before the mast in a windjammer] [they nailed their colours to the mast of youth revolt] [a single-masted fishing boat]

scintillate

[sparkle]: [the sleek boat seemed to scintillate with a dark blue light] [a zinc sulphide screen scintillated when it was struck by an alpha particle]

technical

[specialist, practical, mechanical]: [technical terms] [a technical report] [an important technical achievement] [a technical fault] [the arrest was a technical violation of the treaty]

declamation

[speech]: [Shakespearean declamation] [declamations of patriotism] [lines written for a school declamation]

baton

[stick, truncheon]: [have plenty of crudités in the fridge, such as carrot batons] [batons of cheddar cheese] [the technique allows us to pass the baton to the next generation] [it was left to the capital's campuses to take up the baton] [the contract also allows for the orchestra to record under the baton of Sir Edward Downes]

spur

[stimulus, projection, stimulate, impulsively]: [wars act as a spur to practical invention] [it's an easy walk up the spur that leads to the summit] [she spurred her horse towards the hedge] [her sons' passion for computer games spurred her on to set up a software shop] [governments cut interest rates to spur demand]

stash

[store, cache]: [their wealth had been stashed away in Swiss banks] [the man grudgingly handed over a stash of notes] [one prisoner tried to swallow his stash]

repository

[store]: [a deep repository for nuclear waste] [accessible repositories of water] [the metadata will be aggregated in a repository] [his mind was a rich repository of the past]

raconteur

[storyteller]: [a colourful raconteur]

laggard

[straggler]: [staff were under enormous pressure and there was no time for laggards] [a bell to summon laggard children to school]

burly

[strapping]: [I saw a burly figure approaching] [a big, burly man]

walkout

[strike]: [opposition MPs staged a walkout during the budget session] [these decisions provoked a walkout by the Dutch delegate]

twine

[string, wind, entwine itself, weave]: [the plant will twine round its support] [she twined her arms round his neck] [a spray of jasmine was twined in her hair]

inflexible

[stubborn, unalterable, rigid]: [once she had made up her mind, she was inflexible] [inflexible rules] [heavy inflexible armour]

obstinacy

[stubbornness]: [his reputation for obstinacy]

stammer

[stutter, stutter]: [he turned red and started stammering] ['I ... I can't,' Isabel stammered] [I stammered out my history] [as a young man, he had a dreadful stammer]

elegant

[stylish, neat]: [she will look elegant in black] [an elegant, comfortable house] [the grand unified theory is compact and elegant in mathematical terms]

second-rate

[substandard]: [a second-rate theatre]

verify

[substantiate]: [his conclusions have been verified by later experiments] ['Can you verify that the guns are licensed?']

paradigm

[substitution class]: [society's paradigm of the 'ideal woman'] [the discovery of universal gravitation became the paradigm of successful science] [English determiners form a paradigm: we can say 'a book' or 'his book' but not 'a his book']

implication

[suggestion, consequence, incrimination]: [the implication is that no one person at the bank is responsible] [many people are unaware of the implications of such reforms] [her victory had important political implications] [our implication in the problems] [he criticized her and, by implication, her country]

perspiration

[sweat]: [exercise causes perspiration and a speeded-up heartbeat] [perspiration ran down his forehead]

nibble

[take small bites (from), peck, bite, morsel]: [he nibbled a biscuit] [she nibbled at her food] [I put on weight because I was constantly nibbling] [Sebastian was nibbling Gloria's ear] [inflation was nibbling away at spending power]

itinerant

[travelling, traveller]: [itinerant traders]

patronize

[treat condescendingly, condescending, do business with, sponsor]: ['She's a good-hearted girl,' he said in a patronizing voice] [he's a denizen of flashy pubs patronized by the underworld] [she patronizes worthy causes]

reward

[treatment, recompense]: [the holiday was a reward for 40 years' service with the company] [he's reaping the rewards of his hard work and perseverance] [the emotional rewards of being a carer] [a slap on the face was his reward for his cheek] [the police are offering a reward of several thousand pounds for the rapist's capture]

technicality

[trifle, triviality]: [their convictions were overturned on a technicality] [he has great expertise in the technicalities of the game] [the extreme technicality of the proposed constitution]

plight

[troth]: [we must direct our efforts towards relieving the plight of children living in poverty] [men to plighted vows were faithful]

veracious

[true]: [a veracious account]

eerie

[uncanny]: [an eerie green glow in the sky]

presumably

[I assume]: [it was not yet ten o'clock, so presumably the boys were still at the pub]

anode

[]:

antarctic

[]:

centurion

[]:

chloroplast

[]:

concerto

[]:

creamery

[]:

decameron

[]:

dialectician

[]:

duckling

[]:

electrolysis

[]:

enzyme

[]:

epicycle

[]:

equator

[]:

excuse me

[]:

forecourt

[]:

foresail

[]:

furlong

[]:

goth

[]:

hydromechanics

[]:

know the ropes

[]:

macroeconomics

[]:

triad

[3, III, deuce-ace, leash, tercet, ternary, ternion, terzetto, three, threesome, tierce, trey, trine, trinity, trio, triplet, troika]: [the triad of medication, diet, and exercise are necessary in diabetes care]

compensatory

[]: [$50 million in compensatory damages] [the government is taking compensatory actions to keep the interest rate constant]

foursome

[4, IV, Little Joe, four, quadruplet, quartet, quatern, quaternary, quaternion, quaternity, tetrad]: [he and his fiancée made a foursome with Helen and me] [Wales led 3-2 after the morning foursomes]

aspirin

[Bayer, Empirin, St. Joseph, acetylsalicylic acid]:

regrettably

[alas, unfortunately, unluckily]: [regrettably, last night's audience was a meagre one]

peck

[bite, nibble, kiss]: [two geese were pecking at some grain] [vultures pecked out the calf's eyes] [robins are the worst culprits, pecking holes in every cherry] [don't peck at your food, eat a whole mouthful] [she pecked him on the cheek]

acrimonious

[bitter]: [an acrimonious dispute about wages]

resentment

[bitterness]: [his resentment at being demoted] [some people harbour resentments going back many years]

siege

[blockade]: [Verdun had withstood a siege of ten weeks] [siege warfare] [two cult members have died so far in the four-day siege] [there is a siege of herons at the river] [government forces laid siege to the building]

gaseous

[aeriform, airlike, aerosolised, aerosolized, evaporated, gasified, vaporized, vapourised, volatilised, volatilized, gassy, vaporific, vaporish, vaporous, vapourific, vapourish, vapourous]: [gaseous emissions from motor vehicles] [gaseous oxygen]

rapport

[affinity]: [she was able to establish a good rapport with the children] [she had an instant rapport with animals] [there was little rapport between them]

ivory

[bone, off-white, pearl]: [a dagger with an ivory handle] [Derek tinkled the ivories for us] [an ivory silk blouse]

tiresome

[boring, annoying]: [weeding is a tiresome but essential job] [a tiresomely predictable attitude]

beau

[boyfriend, dandy]:

painstaking

[careful]: [painstaking attention to detail] [he is a gentle, painstaking man]

auricular

[otic]: [the Catholic doctrine of the necessity of private auricular confession]

bearish

[pessimistic]: [a bearish figure with mutton chop whiskers]

ductile

[pliable]:

poesy

[poetry, verse]: [they were enamoured of poesy and the fine arts] [the genius of poesy]

crate

[case]: [a crate of bananas] [a milk crate] [you wouldn't believe the age of some of the crates I've driven] [fruit and vegetables were being sorted and crated]

crisis

[catastrophe, critical point]: [the current economic crisis] [the monarchy was in crisis] [the situation has reached crisis point]

clemency

[mercy]: [an appeal for clemency]

tipsy

[merry]: [tipsy revellers]

nap

[catch off guard, pile]: [she took to napping on the beach in the afternoons] [excuse me, I'll just take a little nap] [the goalkeeper was caught napping by a shot from Carpenter] [carefully machine the seam, following the direction of the nap] [he discovered that his nap of the day had sprinted home at 10-1 at Doncaster]

capture

[catch, occupy, express, arrest]: [the island was captured by Australian forces in 1914] [Black cannot capture the knight] [Jupiter's gravity captured a small percentage of these planetesimals] [she did a series of sketches, trying to capture all his moods] [these allow users to capture, edit, and display geographic data]

genre

[category]: [the spy thriller is a very masculine genre] [the science fiction genre] [genre scenes]

doze

[catnap, fall asleep, catnap]: [he found his mother dozing by the fire] [I dozed off for a few seconds] ['I think I'll have a doze,' he said, closing his eyes]

indict

[charge with]: [his former manager was indicted for fraud]

crevasse

[chasm]:

jovial

[cheerful]: [she was in a jovial mood]

helicopter

[chopper, eggbeater, whirlybird]: [he was helicoptered out with a bleeding ulcer] [they were helicoptering daily between Bath and London]

coral

[chromatic]: [a coral reef] [the nearby coral islands, lagoons, and atolls] [she was wearing a twisted rope of coral, pearls, and crystal] [coral beads] [colours of earth, coral, and chestnut]

historian

[chronicler]: [a military historian]

scramble

[clamber, struggle, jostle, muddle, clamber, struggle, tussle]: [we scrambled over the damp boulders] [she scrambled out of the car] [I tried to scramble to my feet] [Robbie scrambled into jeans and a T-shirt] [Cork scrambled a 1-0 win over Monaghan]

closure

[closing down]: [hospitals that face closure] [road closures] [a closure motion] [he brings modernistic closure to his narrative] [I am desperately trying to reach closure but I don't know how to do it without answers from him]

antic

[clown, clown around]:

uncoordinated

[clumsy, awkward, gawky]: [expensive mistakes resulting from uncoordinated manufacturing strategies] [her usual easy grace had deserted her, leaving her clumsy and uncoordinated]

coagulant

[coagulator]: [an injection of blood coagulant] [I'll give a sedative, then a coagulant]

cannon

[collide with]: [they would cross at the Town ford, under cover of the defending cannon] [the gunships blasted arms depots with 105 mm cannon fire and rockets] [the couple behind almost cannoned into us] [his shot cannoned off the crossbar]

devise

[conceive]: [a training programme should be devised] [a complicated game of his own devising]

condensed

[concentrated]: [a condensed version of the report] [condensed soup] [droplets of condensed moisture]

deduce

[conclude]: [little can be safely deduced from these figures] [they deduced that the fish died because of water pollution] [he cannot deduce his descent wholly by heirs male]

confection

[concoction]: [a fruit confection] [his elaborate pop confections] [Therese was magnificent in a swirling confection of crimson] [the confection of a syllabub]

own up

[confess (to)]: [he owns up to few mistakes]

regard

[consider, look at, heed, consideration, esteem, look, best wishes, respect]: [she regarded London as her base] [he was highly regarded by senators of both parties] [Professor Ryker regarded him with a faint smile] [Nuala regarded him unflinchingly] [he talk'd very wisely, but I regarded him not]

burnish

[polish (up)]: [highly burnished armour] [a man who took advantage of any opportunity to burnish his image]

faculty

[power, faculties, ability, department, authorization]: [her critical faculties] [the faculty of sight] [his faculty for taking the initiative] [the Faculty of Arts] [the law faculty]

give

[present with, sacrifice, entrust, allow, show, cause, convey, perform, utter, organize, produce, emit, give way, elasticity, compromise, produce, betray, reveal, capitulate, run out, announce, distribute, admit defeat, stop]: [she gave him presents and clothes] [the cheque given to the jeweller proved worthless] [he gave the papers back] [how much did you give for that?] [I'd give anything for a cup of tea]

argumentative

[quarrelsome]: [an argumentative child] [the highest standards of argumentative rigour]

hoist

[raise, lifting gear]: [a white flag was hoisted] [she hoisted her backpack on to her shoulder] [mechanical lifts or hoists for firefighting purposes] [an interest rate hoist]

speedy

[rapid, fast]: [a speedy recovery] [a speedy winger]

reckless

[rash]: [you mustn't be so reckless] [reckless driving]

furry

[covered with fur]: [furry creatures in fields] [a layer of furry soot]

creep

[crawl, sneak, rogue, sycophant, scare, grovel]: [he crept downstairs, hardly making any noise] [they were taught how to creep up on an enemy] [the fog was creeping up from the marsh] [tufts of fine leaves grow on creeping rhizomes] [errors crept into his game]

conviction

[declaration/pronouncement of guilt, belief, opinion, certainty]: [she had a previous conviction for a similar offence] [she takes pride in stating her political convictions] [his conviction that the death was no accident was stronger] [she had been speaking for some five minutes with force and conviction]

adjudge

[declare, hold]: [she was adjudged guilty] [the court adjudged legal damages to her] [the defaulter was adjudged to pay the whole amount]

declivity

[declension, declination, decline, descent, downslope, fall]: [a thickly wooded declivity]

detain

[delay, hold]: [she made to open the door, but he detained her] [she was detained without trial for two years] [customs officers may detain goods for up to two days]

dentist

[dental practitioner, tooth doctor]: [his mouth is still sore from his visit to the dentist's] [a leather dentist's chair]

qualified

[dependant, dependent]: [newly qualified nurses] [I was less well qualified than almost anyone present to recollect the olden days] [I could only judge this CD a qualified success]

low-spirited

[depressed]: [he was a bit low-spirited]

etymology

[derivation]: [the decline of etymology as a linguistic discipline] [the etymology of the word 'devil']

overleap

[drop, leave out, miss, neglect, omit, overlook, pretermit]: [a stream that any five-years' child might overleap] [whatever objection made by us, he finds too heavy to remove, he overleaps it]

pudgy

[dumpy, podgy, roly-poly, tubby]: [his pudgy fingers]

copy

[duplicate, replica, edition, material, duplicate, reproduce, imitate]: [the problem is telling which is the original document and which the copy] [the record has sold more than a million copies] [copy for the next issue must be submitted by the beginning of the month] [it is an unfortunate truth of today's media that bad news makes good copy] ['No more stubble—no more trouble,' trumpeted their ad copy]

auricle

[ear, pinna]: [grass leaves often have two auricles at the junction between the leaf sheath and the blade] [blood passes downward from the auricle to the ventricle]

oddity

[eccentric, peculiarity, strangeness]: [she was regarded as a bit of an oddity] [realizing the oddity of the remark, he retracted it]

pleasant

[enjoyable, friendly]: [a very pleasant evening] [they found him pleasant and cooperative]

pleasurable

[enjoyable, gratifying]: [I arrived in a mood of pleasurable anticipation] [pleasurable activities]

eligible

[entitled, desirable]: [customers who are eligible for discounts] [eligible candidates] [the world's most eligible bachelor]

precise

[exact, accurate, meticulous, exact]: [precise directions] [I want as precise a time of death as I can get] [the director was precise with his camera positions] [at that precise moment the car stopped]

pretext

[excuse]: [the rebels had the perfect pretext for making their move] [he called round on the pretext of asking after her mother]

ocular

[eyepiece]: [ocular trauma]

cheerful

[happy, pleasant]: [how can she be so cheerful at six o'clock in the morning?] [a cheerful voice] [cheerful news] [the room was painted in cheerful colours]

damage

[harm, compensation, harm, harmful, cost]: [bombing caused extensive damage to the town] [the damage to his reputation was considerable] [she was awarded $284,000 in damages] [the car was badly damaged in the accident] [the scandal could seriously damage his career]

detriment

[harm]: [he is engrossed in his work to the detriment of his married life] [light industry can be carried out in a residential area without detriment to its amenities] [such tests are a detriment to good education]

asperity

[harshness]: [he pointed this out with some asperity] [the asperities of a harsh and divided society]

insensitive

[heartless, impervious to]: [an insensitive remark] [she was remarkably insensitive to pain] [both were in many ways insensitive to painting]

callous

[heartless]: [his callous comments about the murder made me shiver]

alto

[high, high-pitched]: [alto flute]

tumble

[fall (over), hurry, cascade, tousle, fall steeply/sharply, realize, fall, jumble, drop]: [she pitched forward, tumbling down the remaining stairs] [police and dogs tumbled from the vehicle] [his tumbled bedclothes] [property prices tumbled] [the machine gentle tumbles the clothes in cool air for ten minutes]

kneel

[fall to one's knees]: [they knelt down and prayed]

renown

[fame]: [authors of great renown]

renowned

[famous]: [Britain is renowned for its love of animals] [a renowned author]

charade

[farce]: [talk of unity was nothing more than a charade]

as such

[in and of itself, intrinsically, per se]: [it is possible to stay overnight here although there is no guest house as such]

briefly

[in short]: [he worked briefly as a lawyer] [as I briefly mentioned earlier] [briefly, the plot is as follows ...]

notwithstanding

[in spite of, nevertheless, although]: [notwithstanding the evidence, the consensus is that the jury will not reach a verdict] [this small contretemps notwithstanding, they both had a good time] [she tells us she is an intellectual; notwithstanding, she is a beauty queen] [notwithstanding that the hall was packed with bullies, our champion played on steadily and patiently]

eventually

[in the end]: [eventually, after midnight, I arrived at the hotel]

unavailable

[inaccessible, unobtainable, unprocurable, untouchable, out of stock]: [material which is unavailable to the researcher] [the men were unavailable for work]

sluggish

[inactive, lethargic, lethargy, lack of activity]: [a sluggish stream] [Alex woke late feeling tired and sluggish] [the car had been sluggish all morning]

impermissible

[inadmissible]: [forcing a woman to continue a pregnancy that will almost certainly kill her is impermissible]

inchoate

[incipient]: [a still inchoate democracy] [inchoate proletarian protest]

livelihood

[income]: [people whose livelihoods depend on the rainforest]

cumulative

[increasing]: [the cumulative effect of two years of drought]

stubborn

[indelible]: [you're a silly, stubborn old woman] [the removal of stubborn screws]

unutterable

[indescribable, dreadful, marvellous]: [moments of unutterable grief] [I felt an unutterable fool] [Juliet felt unutterably weary]

irrefutable

[indisputable]: [irrefutable evidence]

notification

[informing, information, announcement]: [we have yet to receive formal notification of the announcement]

lunacy

[insanity, folly]: [it has been suggested that originality demands a degree of lunacy] [such an economic policy would be sheer lunacy]

inwardly

[inside]: [inwardly seething, he did as he was told]

perceptive

[insightful]: [an extraordinarily perceptive account of their relationship]

examine

[inspect, test, interrogate]: [a doctor examined me and said I might need a caesarean] [this forced us to examine every facet of our business] [the colleges set standards by examining candidates]

foment

[instigate]: [they accused him of fomenting political unrest]

interject

[interpose, interrupt]: [she interjected the odd question here and there] [Christina felt bound to interject before there was open warfare]

micrometer

[micrometer caliper, micrometer gauge]:

foliage

[leaves]: [healthy green foliage]

knob

[lump, nugget, doorknob, dial]: [she fiddled with the knobs on the radio] [add a knob of butter] [peacocks would have seemed but a knob of wigeons in comparison] [it is the rock 'n' roll statement with knobs on] ['Lazy tyke!' 'Lazy yourself with brass knobs on!']

administrative

[managerial]: [administrative problems] [administrative staff]

manlike

[manful, manly]: [a manlike creature] [women should not be compelled to be manlike]

nutrition

[nourishment]: [a guide to good nutrition] [a feeding tube gives her nutrition and water]

empirical

[observed]: [[they provided considerable empirical evidence to support their argument] ]

olfactory

[olfactive]: [the olfactory organs]

maternal

[on one's mother's side, motherly]: [maternal care] [a mother who radiated maternal concern] [my maternal grandfather]

priory

[religious house]:

oblique

[slanting, indirect]: [we sat on the settee oblique to the fireplace] [an oblique abdominal muscle] [he issued an oblique attack on the President] [it is the obliques and abdominals which create the well-trained look]

drowsiness

[sleepiness]: [this drug can cause drowsiness]

acceleration

[speeding up, hastening, increase]: [the three-litre model has spectacular acceleration] [the acceleration of the industrialization process]

expend

[spend, use up]: [the energy expended in sport could be directed into other areas]

malice

[spitefulness]: [I bear no malice towards anybody]

ladle

[spoon, spoon out]: [she dipped the ladle into the casserole dish] [she ladled out onion soup] [he was ladling out his personal philosophy of life]

stalwart

[staunch]: [he remained a stalwart supporter of the cause] [he was of stalwart build] [the stalwarts of the Labour Party]

tower

[steeple, soar]: [a church tower] [the south-west tower is a wonderful example of late gothic] [a control tower] [a CD tower] [a titanic tower of garbage]

thrilling

[stimulating]: [a thrilling adventure] [it's very thrilling to be here and to congratulate the team on another splendid success]

summarize

[sum up]: [these results can be summarized in the following table] [to summarize, there are three main categories]

ultrasonic

[supersonic]:

foreman

[supervisor]:

tether

[tie, rope]: [the horse had been tethered to a post] [one prediction is that tethering will cost around $30 per month, probably with some cap on the amount of data transfer allowed] [regulations banning neck and girth tethers for sows]

constriction

[tightening]: [asthma is a constriction of the airways] [flow was impeded at bends and constrictions]

taint

[trace, contaminate, tarnish]: [the lingering taint of creosote] [the taint of corruption which adhered to the government] [the taint that threatens to stain most of the company's other partners] [the air was tainted by fumes from the cars] [his administration was tainted by scandal]

treacherous

[traitorous, dangerous]: [a treacherous Gestapo agent] [memory is particularly treacherous] [a holidaymaker was swept away by treacherous currents]

transfigure

[transform]: [the world is made luminous and is transfigured]

metamorphosis

[transformation]: [the persistence of the larval tail during metamorphosis] [in insects with a complete metamorphosis the wings arise from thickenings of the epidermis] [his metamorphosis from presidential candidate to talk-show host]

communication

[transmission, message, contact, links]: [television is an effective means of communication] [at the moment I am in communication with London] [a telephone communication] [there was a lack of communication between Pamela and her parents] [she gave him some hope of her return, or at least of their future communication]

snare

[trap, pitfall, trap]: [seducers laid their snares for innocent provincials] [the foxes were humanely snared] [five blackmailers were snared in a police sting]

moor

[upland, tie up]: [a little town in the moors] [a grouse moor] [twenty or so fishing boats were moored to the pierside] [we moored alongside a jetty]

erect

[upright, bristling, engorged, build, assemble, establish]: [she stood erect with her arms by her sides] [the guest house was erected in the eighteenth century] [the police had erected roadblocks] [the party that erected the welfare state]

riot

[uproar, mass, go on the rampage, grow profusely]: [riots broke out in the capital] [he was convicted on charges of riot and assault] [riot police] [the film's sex scenes caused a riot in Cannes] [a riot of emotions raged through Fabia]

astronomy

[uranology]:

exhortation

[urging, enjoinder]: [exhortations to consumers to switch off electrical appliances] [no amount of exhortation had any effect]

consumption

[using up, eating, tuberculosis]: [industrialized countries should reduce their energy consumption] [liquor is sold for consumption off the premises] [a daily consumption of 15 cigarettes] [industry faced a serious challenge in trying to stimulate consumption] [his confidential speech was not meant for public consumption]

normal

[usual, ordinary, sane]: [it's quite normal for puppies to bolt their food] [normal working hours] [until her accident Louise had been a perfectly normal little girl] [many previously normal people exhibit psychotic symptoms after a few nights without sleep] [a single plane of symmetry with a diad axis normal to it]

customary

[usual, usual]: [it is customary to mark an occasion like this with a toast] [I put the kettle on for our customary cup of coffee]

incandescent

[white-hot, furious]: [plumes of incandescent liquid rock] [an incandescent lamp] [she felt an incandescent love for life] [I am incandescent at the way I've been treated]

breath

[wind, gulp of air, life, puff, hint, astonish]: [I was gasping for breath] [his breath smelled of garlic] [she drew in a quick breath] [the weather was balmy, not a breath of wind] [he avoided the slightest breath of scandal]

secede

[withdraw from]: [the kingdom of Belgium seceded from the Netherlands in 1830]

carpentry

[woodwork, woodworking]: [carpentry skills] [the superb carpentry of the timber roof]

ligneous

[woody]:

business

[work, concern, trade, firm, affair]: [experts who typically conduct their business over the Internet] [what is your business here?] [it's not my business to interfere] [the neighbours make it their business to know all about you] [government business]

nowhere

[]: [plants and animals found nowhere else in the world] [the constable was nowhere to be seen] [there was nowhere for her to sit] [there's nowhere better to experience the wonders of the Pyrenees] [a stretch of road between nowhere and nowhere]

unseal

[]: [she slowly unsealed the envelope]

liking

[]: [she'd taken an instant liking to Arnie's new girlfriend] [Mrs Parsons had a liking for gin and tonic] [he is a little too showy for my liking] [his coffee was just to his liking]

cause celebre

[]: [suddenly, saving the station's architectural integrity became a cause célèbre]

defund

[]: [the California Legislature has defunded the Industrial Welfare Commission]

archipelago

[]: [the Indonesian archipelago]

canaanite

[]: [the ancient Canaanite fertility god] [the king of the Canaanites]

colloquialism

[]: [the colloquialisms of the streets] [speech allows for colloquialism and slang]

peninsular

[]: [the counties of peninsular Florida]

bestrew

[]: [the court was all bestrewn with herbs] [to sweep away the sand and rubbish which bestrewed the floor]

biosphere

[]: [the elliptical domed biosphere is the largest single-span glasshouse in the world]

wherewith

[]: [the instrumental means wherewith the action is performed]

interception

[]: [the interception of arms shipments] [O'Hara made a good interception in midfield and then surged forward] [designed for the clandestine interception of other people's telephone calls]

repatriate

[]: [the last German POWs were repatriated in November 1948] [the majority came to America as migrant workers who intended to repatriate to Hungary] [foreign firms would be permitted to repatriate all profits]

canard

[]: [the old canard that LA is a cultural wasteland]

pendulum

[]: [the pendulum of fashion]

polytheism

[]: [the polytheism of the ancient Near East]

cancellation

[]: [the project was threatened with cancellation by the government] [the show is sold out, but check for cancellations] [all cancellations on documents must be made indelibly] [covers showing stamps and special cancellations] [the debtor can procure cancellation if satisfied within one month]

hobson's choice

[]: [the regional council must decide whether a private toll bridge is better than no bridge at all—it's a Hobson's choice]

colonialism

[]: [the state apparatus that was dominant under colonialism]

vine

[]: [the vines of a vast wisteria] [the hip got their vines at Wolmuth's on Market Street]

inherently

[]: [the work is inherently dangerous] [his theories are inherently flawed] [criticism is inherently threatening]

theism

[]: [there are many different forms of theism]

tray

[]: [they ate supper off a tray in front of the fire] [a baking tray] [seed trays]

status quo

[]: [they have a vested interest in maintaining the status quo]

abduction

[]: [they organized the abduction of Mr Cordes on his way to the airport] [abductions by armed men in plain clothes] [the man is also accused of the attempted abduction of another youngster]

crocodile tears

[]: [they weep crocodile tears for the poor and disadvantaged, but are basically happy with things as they are]

metaphysics

[]: [they would regard the question of the initial conditions for the universe as belonging to the realm of metaphysics or religion] [his concept of society as an organic entity is, for market liberals, simply metaphysics]

sensorium

[]: [virtual reality technology directed at recreating the human sensorium]

cremation

[]: [we chose cremation over burial] [advice on wills, costs, and cremations]

hindsight

[]: [with hindsight, I should never have gone]

skid row

[]: [with no money to spend, the club are on skid row]

repugnant

[abhorrent, incompatible with]: [cannibalism seems repugnant to us] [a by-law must not be repugnant to the general law of the country]

literacy

[ability to read and write]: [tests of literacy and numeracy] [adult literacy programmes] [computer literacy is essential]

wean

[ablactate]: [the doctor tried to wean her off the sleeping pills] [I was weaned on a regular diet of Hollywood fantasy]

condense

[abridge, shorten, abridged, precipitate]: [the morning play on Saturday was condensed into a half-hour package] [he condensed the three plays into a three-hour drama] [the moisture vapour in the air condenses into droplets of water] [the cold air was condensing his breath]

absolutist

[absolutistic]: [he was a moral absolutist with little patience for shades of grey] [an absolutist political tradition] [these claims might strike many people as absolutist and extreme]

metaphysical

[abstract, transcendental]: [the essentially metaphysical question of the nature of mind] [an empiricist rather than a metaphysical view of law] [Good and Evil are inextricably linked in a metaphysical battle across space and time]

multiplicity

[abundance]: [the demand for higher education depends on a multiplicity of factors]

scholar

[academic, pupil]: [a Hebrew scholar] [a phrase borrowed from the Indian scholar Ananda Coomaraswamy] [Mr Bell declares himself no scholar] [a Rhodes scholar]

unintentionally

[accidentally]: [I may have unintentionally misled some of you] [unintentionally rude song lyrics]

narration

[account, voice-over]: [the style of narration in the novel] [Moore's narration is often sarcastic] [there's no dialogue or narration]

accretion

[accumulation, addition]: [the accretion of sediments in coastal mangroves] [the growing accretion of central government authority] [the city has a historic core surrounded by recent accretions] [during the later stages of accretion the outer 100 km or so of the Moon melted]

aggregation

[accumulation, assemblage, collection]: [a single dose of aspirin irreversibly inhibits the normal aggregation of platelets] [the pelican is the other bird likely to be found in large aggregations in East Africa's wetlands] [a desktop aggregation app that brings together Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn]

accomplishment

[achievement, ability, talent, expertise]: [the reduction of inflation was a remarkable accomplishment] [the accomplishment of planned objectives] [typing was another of her accomplishments] [a poet of considerable accomplishment]

admission

[acknowledgement, admittance, entrance fee]: [an admission of guilt] [a tacit admission that things had gone wrong] [the evening before her admission to hospital] [the country's admission to the UN] [admission is £1 for adults and 50p for children]

recognition

[acknowledgement, official approval, appreciation]: [she saw him pass by without a sign of recognition] [methods of production have improved out of all recognition] [the unions must receive proper recognition] [his work was slow to gain recognition] [she received the award in recognition of her human rights work]

acoustic

[acoustical]: [dogs have a much greater acoustic range than humans] [acoustic tiles] [a sad, gentle acoustic ballad] [old-fashioned acoustic instruments] [the Symphony Hall has perfect acoustics]

vindicate

[acquit, justify]: [hospital staff were vindicated by the inquest verdict] [more sober views were vindicated by events]

proactive

[active]: [employers must take a proactive approach to equal pay]

adjustment

[adaptation, modification]: [I've made a few adjustments to my diet] [only slight adjustments to the boat are necessary] [for many couples there may need to be a period of adjustment]

extra

[additional, exceptionally, unusually, in addition, addition, walk-on]: [they offered him an extra thirty-five cents an hour] [a lot of extra work is involved] [he is trying to be extra good] [installation will cost about £60 extra] [I had an education with all the extras]

sticky

[adhesive, glutinous, gluey, humid, awkward]: [sticky cakes and pastries] [a sticky label] [the dough should be moist but not sticky] [it was an unusually hot and sticky summer] [she felt hot and sticky and changed her clothes]

abut

[adjoin]: [gardens abutting Great Prescott Street] [a park abutting on an area of waste land] [masonry may crumble where a roof abuts it]

supervision

[administration, observation]: [he was placed under the supervision of a probation officer] [she let them work without supervision]

give up

[admit defeat]: [he wasn't the kind of man to give up easily]

monitory

[admonitory, cautionary, exemplary, warning]: [the chill, monitory wail of an air-raid siren]

fuss

[ado, protest, bother, worry, bustle, pester]: [I don't know what all the fuss is about] [he didn't put up too much of a fuss] [they settled in with very little fuss] [she's always fussing about her food] [beside him Kegan was fussing with sheets of paper]

emblazon

[adorn, display]: [T-shirts emblazoned with the names of baseball teams] [the Queen's coat of arms is emblazoned on the door panel] [their success was emblazoned]

antagonist

[adversary, antagonists]: [the woman was forcing her antagonist's face into the mud] [LSD is a serotonin antagonist]

council

[advisory body, local authority, conference]: [an official human rights council] [a ban on school buses using the road was imposed by the county council] [a council flat] [that evening, she held a family council]

proponent

[advocate]: [a strong proponent of the free market and liberal trade policies]

ventilate

[aerate, express]: [ventilate the greenhouse well] [gas heaters should only ever be used in well-ventilated rooms] [he used the club to ventilate an ongoing complaint] [the patient was sedated and ventilated] [I pull out a gun and ventilate her dinner companion]

streamline

[aerodynamic, efficient]: [streamlined passenger trains] [the company streamlined its operations by removing whole layers of management] [a streamline aeroplane]

epilogue

[afterword]: [a disastrous epilogue to the rest of his career]

agglomerate

[agglomerated, agglomerative, clustered]: [he is seeking to agglomerate the functions of the Home Office] [these small particles soon agglomerate together] [a multimedia agglomerate]

harrowing

[agonising, agonizing, excruciating, torturesome, torturing, torturous]: [a harrowing film about racism and violence] [it was a harrowing experience]

compromise

[agreement, understanding, give and take, meet each other halfway, undermine]: [eventually they reached a compromise] [the secret of a happy marriage is compromise] [a compromise between the freedom of the individual and the need to ensure orderly government] [sexism should be tackled without compromise] [in the end we compromised and deferred the issue]

intent

[aim, bent, attentive, in effect]: [with alarm she realized his intent] [a real intent to cut back on social programmes] [the government was intent on achieving greater efficiency] [Gill was intent on her gardening magazine] [a curiously intent look on her face]

attentive

[alert, conscientious]: [never before had she had such an attentive audience] [ministers should be more attentive to the interests of taxpayers] [the hotel has a pleasant atmosphere and attentive service]

divisive

[alienating]: [the highly divisive issue of abortion]

nutritive

[alimental, alimentary, nourishing, nutrient, nutritious]: [the food was low in nutritive value] [nutritive food]

inclusive

[all-in, including]: [menus stating fully inclusive prices] [all prices are inclusive of VAT] [between the ages of 55 and 59 inclusive] [only an inclusive peace process will end the conflict]

league

[alliance, championship, class, ally, collaborating with]: [the League of Nations] [the leading goalscorer in the league] [the league championship] [the year we won the league] [the two men were not in the same league]

coalition

[alliance]: [a coalition between Liberals and Conservatives] [they had a taste of government in coalition with the Social Democrats]

devote

[allocate]: [I wanted to devote more time to my family] [she devoted herself to fundraising] [a full page is devoted to each ski run] [the hostile army was devoted with dire execrations to the gods of war]

allocate

[allot]: [in past years we didn't allocate enough funds to infrastructure maintenance] [students are allocated accommodation on a yearly basis]

deductible

[allowable]: [childcare vouchers will be deductible expenses for employers]

magnetism

[allure]: [his personal magnetism attracted men to the brotherhood]

glamorous

[alluring, exciting]: [one of the world's most glamorous women]

on one's own

[alone, unaided]: [she's not here now and I have to do things on my own] [these are exercises one can do on one's own]

olympian

[aloof]: [a temple of Olympian Zeus] [the court is capable of an Olympian impartiality] [an Olympian champion] [as the greatest Olympian, he is something of a sporting god]

alias

[also known as, assumed name]: [Eric Blair, alias George Orwell] [a spy operating under the alias Barsad] [fringes at higher spatial frequency are aliased by the sensor]

remedial

[alterative, curative, healing, sanative, therapeutic]: [remedial surgery] [remedial education]

though

[although, nevertheless]: [though they were speaking in undertones, Percival could hear them] [you will be informed of its progress, slow though that may be] [her first name was Rose, though no one called her that] [I was hunting for work. Jobs were scarce though]

compound

[amalgam, composite, be composed of, mix, aggravate]: [the air smelled like a compound of diesel and petrol fumes] [a compound of hydrogen and oxygen] [lead compounds] [a compound noun] [compound interest]

astound

[amaze]: [her bluntness astounded him]

linear

[analog, analogue]: [linear movement] [simple linear designs] [linear elasticity] [linear functions] [linear relationship]

classical

[ancient Greek, Latin, simple, well proportioned, traditional]: [classical mythology] [classical Latin] [the classical house at Buscot Park] [classical ballet] [classical mechanics]

vex

[annoy]: [the memory of the conversation still vexed him] [the most vexing questions for policymakers] [I wouldn't vex; it will be just great if whoever borrow the pump, just bring it back] [thou shalt not vex a stranger] [I ain't vex with you]

harried

[annoyed, harassed, pestered, vexed]: [harried reporters are frequently forced to invent what they cannot find out]

revocation

[annulment]: [for those who break the law, revocation of their liquor licence may result] [16% of parole revocations were due to drug-related violations]

aberration

[anomaly, abnormality, disorder]: [they described the outbreak of violence in the area as an aberration] [I see these activities as some kind of mental aberration] [colour aberrations]

selection

[anthology, choice, range]: [such men decided the selection of candidates] [some local Tories objected to his selection] [the publication of a selection of his poems] [the restaurant offers a wide selection of hot and cold dishes] [I make Dayflower the selection for the Irish 1000 Guineas]

animosity

[antipathy]: [he no longer felt any animosity towards her]

antiphony

[antiphon]:

semblance

[appearance]: [she tried to force her thoughts back into some semblance of order] [it bears some semblance to the thing I have in mind]

appellate

[appellant]: [courts of appellate jurisdiction]

arrest

[apprehend, stop, attract, detention, stoppage]: [the police arrested him for possession of marijuana] [two youths aged 16 were arrested] [they got arrested during a police raid] [they arrested a vessel with a ton of salmon on board] [the spread of the disease can be arrested]

upcoming

[approaching, coming, forthcoming]: [the upcoming election]

accordingly

[appropriately, therefore]: [we have to discover what his plans are and act accordingly] [there was no breach of the rules; accordingly, there will be no disciplinary inquiry]

primate

[archpriest, hierarch, high priest, prelate]: [the primate of Poland]

herculean

[arduous, strong]: [a Herculean task] [the mesomorph, a classic Herculean build]

zone

[area]: [a pedestrian zone] [a 40-km demilitarized zone] [United are still in the relegation zone] [a zone of easterly winds] [I was in the zone, completing the first nine holes in one under par]

garrison

[armed force, fortress, defend, station]: [the entire garrison was mustered on the parade ground] [forces from these garrisons have been used against governments] [air reconnaissance showed the Germans had not garrisoned the island] [French troops were garrisoned at Phillipsburg]

furniture

[article of furniture, piece of furniture]: [the more sophisticated Mac furniture—number wheels, colour pickers, and so on] [the gun is fitted with wooden furniture] [I worked for him for so long I became part of the furniture] [Marx's views on class and capitalism are part of the furniture of the modern mind]

bless

[ask God's favour for, endow, praise, consecrate, give thanks for]: [he blessed the dying man and anointed him] [we have been blessed with a beautiful baby boy] [a beautiful city blessed with huge sandy beaches] [she silently blessed the premonition which had made her pack her best dress] [the poor parson, blessing himself, brought up the rear]

necessitate

[ask, call for, demand, involve, need, postulate, require, take]: [a cut which necessitated eighteen stitches] [the late arrival had necessitated her getting out of bed]

athwart

[aslant, obliquely]: [a counter was placed athwart the entrance] [these statistics run sharply athwart conventional presumptions] [one table running athwart was all the room would hold] [our words ran athwart and we ended up at cross purposes]

ambition

[aspiration, drive]: [her ambition was to become a pilot] [he achieved his ambition of making a fortune] [young men and women with ambition]

compile

[assemble]: [the local authority must compile a list of the names and addresses of taxpayers] [the figures were compiled from a survey of 2,000 schoolchildren] [the world champion compiled a break of 101] [this allows you to create programs and compile them]

atlas

[atlas vertebra]: [I looked in the atlas to see where Naples was] [a road atlas]

penance

[atonement, atone]: [he had done public penance for those hasty words] [the Bishop penanced him severely for his conduct]

affix

[attach, append]: [panels to which he affixes copies of fine old prints] [the strings affix to the back of the bridge]

achieve

[attain]: [he achieved his ambition to become a press photographer] [the killings achieved nothing] [people striving to achieve]

impute

[attribute]: [the crimes imputed to Richard] [Christ's righteousness has been imputed to us] [recovering the initial outlay plus imputed interest]

spartan

[austere, ascetic]: [the accommodation was fairly spartan]

genuinely

[authentically]: [they speak genuinely about how proud they are] [both parties genuinely believe they're right] [it is genuinely an honour to be on the campaign] [people don't genuinely understand what they're dealing with] [this is a genuinely funny film]

mechanical

[automatic, mechanized]: [a mechanical device] [the helicopters are prone to mechanical failure] [she stopped the mechanical brushing of her hair] [the smoothness was the result of mechanical abrasion] [mechanical copyright]

requite

[avenge, return, reciprocate, repayment, revenge]: [they are quick to requite a kindness] [to win enough to requite my friends] [she did not requite his love]

avouch

[avow]: [the locket contains ringlets which he avouches to be relics of a Spanish girl]

conscious

[aware, aware of, deliberate]: [although I was in pain, I was conscious] [we are conscious of the extent of the problem] [they were growing increasingly security-conscious] [a conscious effort to walk properly] [when you go to sleep it is only the conscious mind which shuts down]

perverse

[awkward, illogical, perverted]: [Kate's perverse decision not to cooperate held good] [in two general elections the outcome was quite perverse] [an evil life dedicated to perverse pleasure] [films depicting behaviour which seemed perverse or deviant were seen as more suitable for private therapy than for public consumption]

pester

[badger]: [she constantly pestered him with telephone calls]

bewilder

[baffle, baffled, baffling]: [she was bewildered by his sudden change of mood]

residue

[balance, remainder, residual, residuum, rest]: [the fine residue left after the sorting of tea] [the residue of the country's colonial past] [the ash was a residue from coal-fired power stations] [the residue of the estate was divided equally among the cousins]

election

[ballot, voting (in)]: [the 2008 local council elections] [he agreed to stand for election] [his election to the House of Representatives]

streak

[band, mark, element, period, stripe, mark, race, bolt]: [a streak of oil] [there's a streak of insanity in the family] [Lucy had a ruthless streak] [the theatre is on a winning streak] [a streak for charity]

slam

[bang, crash into]: [he slams the door behind him as he leaves] [she heard a car door slam] [Charlie slammed down the phone] [the car mounted the pavement, slamming into a lamp post] [he slammed a shot into the net]

flag

[banner, indicate, hail, tire, fade]: [the American flag] [he pledged allegiance to the flag] [Hawke first hoisted his flag at Spithead] [the flag's up] [golf courses are indicated by a numbered flag on the map]

exclusion

[barring, elimination, expulsion]: [he had a hand in my exclusion from the committee] [exclusions can be added to your policy] [don't revise a few topics to the exclusion of all others]

shy

[bashful, flinch, throw]: [I was pretty shy at school] [a shy smile] [the wealthy have become less shy of displaying their privilege] [he was very car shy when he came here] [otters are very shy animals]

hang

[be suspended, put up, decorate, paste up, execute by hanging, hover, get the knack of, delay, loiter in, wait, associate, stay back, hold on to, persevere, depend on, listen closely to, associate, peg out]: [that's where people are supposed to hang their washing] [he stood swaying, his arms hanging limply by his sides] [we could just hang the pictures on the walls] [the room in which the pictures will hang] [the walls of her hall were hung with examples of her work]

ray

[beam, glimmer, spread out]: [a ray of sunlight came through the window] [take a specific point and back-trace every ray of light that hits that point] [ultraviolet rays] [catch some rays on a sandy beach] [if only I could see some ray of hope]

tarnish

[become discoloured, dull, sully, discoloration, smear]: [silver tarnishes too easily] [lemon juice would tarnish the gilded metal] [his regime had not been tarnished by human rights abuses] [he was removing tarnish from the candlesticks] [the tarnish on Alan's personal reputation]

stiffen

[become stiff, make/become stiff/rigid, strengthen]: [he stiffened his knees in an effort to prevent them trembling] [my back stiffens up and I can't bend] [outrage over the murders stiffened the government's resolve to confront the Mafia] [the regime's resistance stiffened]

besmear

[bedaub]: [a shirt hideously besmeared with the blood of the victim]

origin

[beginning, source, descent]: [his theory of the origin of life] [the name is Norse in origin] [the terminology has its origins in America] [a family of peasant origin] [a voice that betrays his Welsh origins]

conduct

[behaviour, management, manage, escort, transmit, behave]: [they were arrested for disorderly conduct] [a code of conduct for directors of listed companies] [the conduct of the elections] [travelling through the world under the conduct of chance] [in the second trial he conducted his own defence]

fawn

[beige, be obsequious to, flantter, obsequious]: [a six-month-old roe fawn] [soft shades of pale green and fawn] [a fawn dress] [the forest was closed for hunting when the does were fawning] [congressmen fawn over the President]

opinion

[belief, as I see it, believe, open to question]: [that, in my opinion, is right] [the area's residents share vociferous opinions about the future] [the changing climate of opinion] [I had a higher opinion of myself than I deserved] [if in doubt, get a second opinion]

table

[bench, meal, list, submit]: [she put the plate on the table] [he rang the restaurant to book a table for lunch] [he was reputed to have the finest French table of the time] [the whole table was in gales of laughter] [the negotiating table]

beneficent

[benevolent, generous]: [a beneficent landowner] [a beneficent democracy]

legacy

[bequest, consequence]: [my grandmother died and unexpectedly left me a small legacy] [the legacy of centuries of neglect]

elite

[best]: [the elite of Britain's armed forces] [an elite athlete] [an elite commando unit] [elite colleges and universities] [the country's governing elite]

troth

[betrothal, engagement]: [a token of troth] [I solemnly pledge my troth] [I watched her plight her troth to him] [in December they will plight their troth at the register office]

ameliorate

[better, improve, meliorate]: [the reform did much to ameliorate living standards]

confuse

[bewilder, bewildering, complicate, mix up]: [past and present blurred together, confusing her still further] [the points made by the authors confuse rather than clarify the issue] [a lot of people confuse a stroke with a heart attack] [purchasers might confuse the two products]

magnetize

[bewitch, magnetise, mesmerise, mesmerize, spellbind]: [the current creates a field to magnetize the core in alternate directions] [a compass is really a magnetized needle]

intolerant

[bigoted, allergic]: [as a society we are more intolerant of certain types of violence than we were in the past]

embark

[board ship, begin]: [he embarked for India in 1817] [the passengers were ready to be embarked] [she embarked on a new career]

following

[body of support, next, upcoming]: [police are hunting for two men following a spate of robberies in the area] [he attracted a worldwide following] [the following are both grammatically correct sentences] [the following day there was a ceremony in St Peter's Square] [you are required to provide us with the following information]

daring

[bold, boldness, recklessness]: [a daring crime] [a pretty girl in daring clothes] [the daring of the players brings fortune or ruin]

screw

[bolt, propeller, turn, fasten, tighten, cheat, extort, unstable, pressurize, wrinkle (up), wreck]: [she was frightened by the look of the screws] [he's offered me the job with a jolly good screw] [screw the hinge to your new door] [Philip screwed the top on the flask] [a connector which screws on to the gas cylinder]

infinite

[boundless, countless, very great]: [the infinite mercy of God] [the infinite number of stars in the universe] [he bathed the wound with infinite care] [beyond the infinite, the space traveller is transformed] [intimations of the infinite]

bunch

[bouquet, cluster, group, bundle, gather, cluster]: [a bunch of grapes] [the bluesy style that earned him a bunch of '70s hits] [she bunched the needles together] [the bedclothes had bunched up around his waist] [he halted, forcing the rest of the field to bunch up behind him]

ramify

[branch, fork, furcate, separate]: [an elaborate system of canals was built, ramifying throughout the UK] [a ramified genealogical network]

gallant

[brave, chivalrous, suitor, fine gentleman]: [she had made gallant efforts to pull herself together] [they made a gallant array as they marched off] [a gallant gentleman came over and kissed my hand] [Pamella thought that was very gallant of him] [he launches himself into a gallant's career of amorous intrigue]

fragile

[breakable, tenuous, weak]: [fragile items such as glass and china] [you have a fragile grip on reality] [a small, fragile old lady] [his fragile health somewhat improved]

buddy

[brother, chum, crony, pal, sidekick]: [they had become the best of buddies] [gay male counsellors, buddies, and helpline volunteers are available upon request] [I'm working on it, buddy] [I decided to buddy up to them]

domineer

[browbeat, bully, overbearing]: [Cathy had been a martyr to her gruff, domineering husband]

sweep

[brush, remove, carry, glide, glide, engulf, race, search, gesture, search, expanse, curve, range]: [I've swept the floor] [Greg swept out the kitchen] [she swept the tea leaves into a dustpan] [I was swept along by the crowd] [Nahum's smile swept away the air of apprehensive gloom]

violent

[brutal, powerful, intense]: [a violent confrontation with riot police] [violent dislike] [the violent eruption killed 1,700 people] [violent fiery colours]

warp

[buckle, corrupt]: [moisture had warped the box] [wood has a tendency to warp] [your judgement has been warped by your obvious dislike of him] [a warped sense of humour] [crew and passengers helped warp the vessels through the shallow section]

shield

[buckler, protection, protect]: [team captain Ben Hall collected the winners' shield] [a coating of grease provides a shield against abrasive dirt] [a face shield is sometimes an integral part of a safety helmet] [water is a relatively good shield against cosmic rays] [the horseshoe crab's armour forms a huge domed shield]

onerous

[burdensome]: [he found his duties increasingly onerous] [an onerous lease]

scorch

[burn, dry up, speed]: [surrounding houses were scorched by heat from the blast] [the meat had scorched] [a desolate, scorched landscape] [a sports car scorching along the expressway] [a scorch mark]

scald

[burn]: [the tea scalded his tongue] [scald the milk with the citrus zest] [a medium sliced tomato, scalded in water to remove its skin] [she fought to stave off the hot tears scalding her eyes] [there's bowls to scald and bairns to fetch!]

coach

[bus, carriage, horse-drawn carriage, instructor]: [a coach trip] [fly or coach to the shores of the Mediterranean] [many employees are now flying coach instead of business class to Europe] [he's driving a coach and horses through our environmental legislation] [a football coach]

agency

[business, action, intervention]: [an advertising agency] [aid agencies] [the Environmental Protection Agency] [canals carved by the agency of running water] [the movies could be an agency moulding the values of the public]

reckon

[calculate, count (up), include, believe, regard as, expect, count on, important, deal with, take into account, overlook]: [his debts were reckoned at £300,000] [the Byzantine year was reckoned from 1 September] [the society can reckon among its members males of the royal blood] [he reckons that the army should pull out entirely] [I reckon I can manage that]

computation

[calculation, figuring, reckoning]: [methods of computation] [statistical computations]

skip

[caper, omit, glance at, fail to attend, run off]: [she began to skip down the path] [training was centred on running and skipping] [the younger girls had been skipping rope] [the children used to skip the puddles] [the video manual allows the viewer to skip sections he's not interested in]

scrutiny

[careful examination]: [every aspect of local government was placed under scrutiny]

cautious

[careful]: [a cautious driver] [firms have been unusually cautious about hiring new workers] [the plan received a cautious welcome]

cartoon

[caricature, comic strip, animated film, sketch]: [the minister faced a welter of hostile headlines and mocking cartoons] [a Peanuts cartoon by Charles Schulz] [Dolores becomes a cartoon housewife, reading glossy magazines in a bathrobe] [we watched Yogi Bear cartoons on TV] [cartoon characters]

execute

[carry out, perform, put to death]: [the corporation executed a series of financial deals] [not only does she execute embroideries, she designs them too] [they had to execute their dance steps with the greatest precision] [police executed a search warrant] [he was convicted of treason and executed]

critical

[censorious, evaluative, grave, crucial]: [I was very critical of the previous regime] [she never won the critical acclaim she sought] [a critical edition of a Bach sonata] [professors often find it difficult to encourage critical thinking amongst their students] [the floodwaters had not receded and the situation was still critical]

formal

[ceremonial, aloof, symmetrical, conventional, literary, official]: [a formal dinner party] [he is formal in manner and clothing] [he had little formal education] [a formal complaint] [I don't know enough about art to appreciate the purely formal qualities]

intriguing

[challenging]: [an intriguing story] [it's an intriguing possibility] [the food is an intriguing combination of German and French]

contingent

[chance, dependent, group]: [the contingent nature of the job] [his fees were contingent on the success of his search] [that men are living creatures is a contingent fact] [a contingent of Japanese businessmen attending a conference] [six warships were stationed off the coast with a contingent of 2,000 marines]

convert

[change, adapt, change into, change, adapt, proselytize, proselyte]: [modernization has converted the country from a primitive society to a near-industrial one] [the seating converts to a double or two single beds] [the figures have been converted at $0.545 to the Dutch guilder] [the company converted a disused cinema to house twelve machinists] [a converted Victorian property]

vicissitude

[change]: [her husband's sharp vicissitudes of fortune] [the vicissitude of the seasons]

incantation

[chant, chanting]: [an incantation to raise the dead] [there was no magic in such incantation]

sally

[charge, expedition, witticism, retort]: [the garrison there made a sally against us] [his energetic sallies into the fields during harvesting] [there was subdued laughter at this sally] [his sally at Descartes] [they sallied out to harass the enemy]

charismatic

[charming]: [he was a charismatic figure with great appeal to the public] [charismatic prophecy]

medical

[checkup, health check, medical checkup, medical exam, medical examination]: [a medical centre] [the medical profession] [he was transferred for further treatment to a medical ward] [they have medicals before they're sent overseas]

jaunty

[cheerful, lively, carefree]: [there was no mistaking that jaunty walk]

alchemy

[chemistry]: [occult sciences, such as alchemy and astrology] [finding the person who's right for you requires a very subtle alchemy]

stranglehold

[chokehold, throttlehold]: [in France, supermarkets have less of a stranglehold on food supplies]

mince

[chop up, walk affectedly, affected, talk straight]: [minced beef] [there were plenty of secretaries mincing about] [stir in the mince and fry until browned] [I hope she and her colleagues won't mince matters] [his doctorly persona is that of a gruff surgeon who does not mince words]

nationality

[citizenship, ethnic group]: [men of Spanish nationality] [the tapestry was created by women of all nationalities] [the change of a name does not discard nationality] [all the main nationalities of Ethiopia]

pretender

[claimant]: [the pretender to the throne]

detergent

[cleaner, cleaning]: [liquid detergents] [packets of detergent] [staining that resists detergent action]

bathe

[cleanse, swim, suffuse, swim]: [she was advised to bathe or shower daily] [she bathed and bandaged my knee] [they bathed the baby] [occasionally I bathed in the lido swimming pool] [the park lay bathed in sunshine]

divisible

[cleavable, dissociable, separable, severable, dissociative, dividable, partible]: [the marine environment is divisible into a number of areas] [24 is divisible by 4]

faction

[clique, infighting]: [the left-wing faction of the party] [a council increasingly split by faction] [the current vogue for faction seems about to overwhelm narrative history]

contemporaneous

[coetaneous, coeval]: [Pythagoras was contemporaneous with Buddha]

rigor

[cogency, rigour, validity]:

mint

[coinage factory, a fortune, brand new, coin, create]: [plant mint in a large pot with drainage holes] [there are many other mints with distinct aromas] [a tasty mint and chocolate flavoured cone] [Dickie pulled out a packet of mints from his pocket] [die links between coins indicate that they were made at the same mint]

hue

[colour, complexion]: [the water is the deepest hue of aquamarine] [verdigris is greenish-yellow in hue] [men of all political hues submerged their feuds] [rainbow-hued]

dye

[colourant, colour, inveterate]: [blonde hair dye] [a black dye] [I dyed my hair blonde] [dyed black hair] [it's good material—it should dye well]

pigment

[colouring matter]: [carotenoid pigments are red, orange, or yellow] [the loss of pigment in the skin] [all the frescoes are painted with earth pigments] [precast pigmented concrete panels]

drab

[colourless, uninteresting]: [the landscape was drab and grey] [her drab suburban existence] [drab camouflage uniforms] [a young man dressed in drabs]

fuse

[combine, bond, short-circuit, circuit breaker]: [intermarriage had fused the families into a large unit] [the two nuclei move together and fuse into one nucleus] [attempts to fuse nuclei together] [powdered glass was fused to a metal base] [when fired in a special kiln, the metals fused on to the pot]

cease

[come to an end, bring to an end, continuously]: [the hostilities ceased and normal life was resumed] [on his retirement the job will cease to exist] [they were asked to cease all military activity] [her exploits never cease to amaze me] [the bells rang without cease]

arise

[come to light, result, stand up]: [new difficulties had arisen] [the practice arose in the nineteenth century] [motorists are liable for damages arising out of accidents] [he arose at 9.30]

admiration

[commendation, object of admiration, pride]: [I have the greatest admiration for all those involved in the project] [her house was the admiration of everyone] [they were lost in admiration of the scenery]

juxtaposition

[comparison]: [the juxtaposition of these two images]

reimburse

[compensate, repay]: [the investors should be reimbursed for their losses] [your expenses will be reimbursed]

recompense

[compensate, reward, make up for, compensation]: [offenders should recompense their victims] [he was recompensed for the wasted time] [he was handsomely recompensed] [losses up to £20,000 are recompensed] [I will recompense their iniquity]

groan

[complain, creak, moan, complaint, creaking]: [Marty groaned and pulled the blanket over his head] ['Oh no!' I groaned] [they were moaning and groaning about management] [James slumped back into his chair, making it groan] [tables groan with joints of venison]

plaintiff

[complainant]: [the plaintiff commenced an action for damages]

utter

[complete, emit, voice]: [Charlotte stared at her in utter amazement] [he uttered an exasperated snort] [they are busily scribbling down every word she utters]

intricate

[complex]: [an intricate network of canals]

elaborate

[complicated, ornate, expand on]: [elaborate security precautions] [elaborate wrought-iron gates] [he made an elaborate pretence of yawning] [the theory was proposed by Cope and elaborated by Osborn] [he would not elaborate on his news]

vanity

[conceit, futility]: [it flattered his vanity to think I was in love with him] [the vanities and ambitions of politicians] [a vanity press] [the vanity of human wishes]

vain

[conceited, be vain, unsuccessfully]: [their flattery made him vain] [a vain woman with a streak of snobbery] [a vain attempt to tidy up the room] [the vain hope of finding work] [a vain boast]

agree

[concur, consent, settle, match, be agreeable to]: [I completely agree with your recent editorial] [we both agreed on issues such as tougher penalties for criminals] ['Yes, dreadful, isn't it,' she agreed] [I don't agree with random drugs testing in schools] [she had agreed to go and see a movie with him]

cone

[cone cell, retinal cone]: [stalls selling paper cones full of fresh berries] [a cone of acrylic yarn] [the smooth cone of Vesuvius] [a cedar cone] [part of the road has been coned off]

certainty

[confidence, inevitability]: [she knew with absolute certainty that they were dead] [there is a bewildering lack of certainty and clarity in the law] [a man exuding certainty] [the passing of the act made a general election a certainty] [he was expected to be a certainty for a gold medal]

clash

[confrontation, argument, mismatch, coincidence, striking, fight, disagree, be incompatible, conflict, bang]: [there have been minor clashes with security forces] [a personality clash] [the Euro 2000 clash between England and Germany] [a clash of tweeds and a striped shirt] [it is hoped that clashes of dates will be avoided]

votive

[consecrate, consecrated, dedicated]: [votive offerings]

structure

[construction, building, arrange]: [the two sentences have equivalent structures] [the company's weakness is the inflexibility of its management structure] [we shall use three headings to give some structure to the discussion] [the station is a magnificent structure and should not be demolished] [services must be structured so as to avoid pitfalls]

infectious

[contagious, contaminating, irresistible, contagious]: [outbreaks of infectious diseases] [was polyneuritis infectious?] [a highly infectious virus] [the dogs may still be infectious] [a loud infectious laugh]

scorn

[contempt, spurn, refuse to, disparage]: [I do not wish to become the object of scorn] [a scandal and a scorn to all who look on thee] [I met with scoffs, I met with scorns] [the minister scorned Labour's attempt to woo voters] [a letter scorning his offer of intimacy]

despicable

[contemptible]: [a despicable crime]

objector

[contestant, dissenter, dissident, protester]: [objectors claim the motorway will damage the environment] [objectors to the housing plans]

transcontinental

[continental]: [a transcontinental radio audience]

constant

[continual, steadfast, consistent, faithful, unchanging factor]: [the constant background noise of the city] [these discs rotate at a constant speed] [a constant friend] [the condition of struggle remained a constant]

continuous

[continual]: [the whole performance is enacted in one continuous movement] [there are continuous advances in design and production] [a long and continual war] [five years of continuous warfare] [the development forms a continuous line along the coast]

violate

[contravene, invade, desecrate, rape]: [they violated the terms of a ceasefire] [they denied that human rights were being violated] [he was accused of violating a tomb]

determine

[control, prompt, deciding, find out, resolve]: [it will be her mental attitude that determines her future] [the inquest is entrusted with the task of determining the cause of death] [the point of our study was to determine what is true, not what is practicable] [he determined on a withdrawal of his forces] [she determined to tackle Stephen the next day]

discussion

[conversation, examination]: [the committee acts as a forum for discussion] [the EC directive is currently under discussion] [discussions about environmental improvement] [see Appendix One, for a more detailed discussion]

dialogue

[conversation, script, discussion]: [the book consisted of a series of dialogues] [passages of dialogue] [the USA would enter into a direct dialogue with Vietnam] [interfaith dialogue] [he stated that he wasn't going to dialogue with the guerrillas]

adaptation

[converting, adjustment]: [the adaptation of teaching strategy to meet students' needs] [adaptations to the school curriculum] [a three-part adaptation of Hard Times] [living in groups is an adaptation to increase the efficiency of hunting]

pot

[cooking utensil, flowerpot, bank, deteriorate]: [pots and pans hung from a rack] [a yogurt pot] [a coffee pot] [a pot of coffee] [Jim raked in half the pot]

contend

[cope with, compete, assert]: [she had to contend with his uncertain temper] [factions within the government were contending for the succession to the presidency] [he contends that the judge was wrong]

grove

[copse]: [an olive grove] [Ladbroke Grove] [younger men lured from the groves of Academe]

patent

[copyright, obvious, proprietary]: [he took out a patent for an improved steam hammer] [she was smiling with patent insincerity] [the patient is usually left with a patent vessel] [there are a few recorded cases of patent infection in man] [patent milk powder]

liqueur

[cordial]: [an Italian almond-flavoured liqueur] [fruit cocktail laced with liqueur] [a box of liqueurs]

obesity

[corpulency, fleshiness]: [the problem of obesity among children]

accurate

[correct, well aimed]: [accurate information about the illness is essential] [an accurate assessment] [an accurate thermometer] [the portrait is an accurate likeness of Mozart] [reliable, accurate rifles]

emend

[correct]: [these studies show him collating manuscripts and emending texts] [the year of his death might need to be emended to 652]

proportional

[corresponding]: [the punishment should be proportional to the crime]

physiognomy

[countenance, kisser, mug, phiz, smiler, visage]: [friends began to notice a change in his physiognomy] [a world where physiognomy was a respected practice] [the physiognomy of the landscape]

bay

[cove, alcove, howl, clamour, baying, at a distance]: [a boat trip round the bay] [Sandy Bay] [the Bay of Biscay] [a bomb bay] [a loading bay]

screening

[cover, covering, masking]: [filmgoers were shut out in droves from the film's many screenings in Cannes] [the less-than-successful screening of the sitcom's pilot episode] [nowhere is drug screening more common than in the federal criminal justice system] [prenatal screening for Down's syndrome]

lid

[cover, stop, expose]: [a dustbin lid] [eyes hooded beneath heavy lids] [I've got a lid for you to try on] [she couldn't keep the lid on her simmering anger] [she keeps a very tight lid on her private life]

cringe

[cower, kowtow, wince]: [he cringed away from the blow] [we are surrounded by cringing yes-men and sycophants] [I cringed at the fellow's stupidity]

collision

[crash, conflict]: [a mid-air collision between two aircraft] [his car was in collision with a lorry] [a collision of two diverse cultures and languages] [nurses are on a collision course with the government]

recreant

[craven, poltroon]: [what a recreant figure must he make] [the recreant acted with outward boldness]

loan

[credit, lend, borrow]: [borrowers can take out a loan for £84,000] [she offered to buy him dinner in return for the loan of the flat] [the computer was loaned to us by the theatre] [he knew Rab would not loan him money] [the painting is at present on loan to the Tate Gallery]

syndicate

[crime syndicate, family, mob]: [large-scale buyouts involving a syndicate of financial institutions] [a crime syndicate] [her cartoon strip is syndicated in 1,400 newspapers worldwide] [the stallion was syndicated for a record $5.4 million]

criminalize

[criminalise, illegalise, illegalize, outlaw]: [his view is that the state should not criminalize drug use but discourage it] [these punitive measures would further criminalize travellers for their way of life]

emergency

[crisis, urgent, alternative]: [personal alarms for use in an emergency] [survival packs were carried in case of emergency] [an emergency operation to save his sight] [around 1 in 8 adults have no savings at all, not even an emergency fund] [the hospital treated two hundred emergencies]

askew

[crooked(ly)]: [her hat was slightly askew] [the plan went sadly askew]

congestion

[crowding]: [the new bridge should ease congestion in the area]

twist

[crumple, contort, crumpled, crooked, turn (round), wriggle, sprain, distort, twiddle, wind, intertwine, wind, turn, ringlet, contortion, quirk, bend, convolution, development, interpretation, pressurize]: [a strip of metal is twisted to form a hollow tube] [her pretty features twisted into a fearsome expression] [she twisted her handkerchief into a knot] [he grabbed the man and twisted his arm behind his back] [beetroot can be stored once the leaves have been twisted off]

tilth

[cultivated land, farmland, ploughland, plowland, tillage, tilled land]: [he could determine whether the soil was of the right tilth] [the final levelling of a tilth]

medicinal

[curative]: [medicinal herbs] [clary was once thought to have great medicinal value] [we reviewed the literature about their use as medicinals]

pillow

[cushion, bolster, lay]: [his head was pillowed on his arm] [her transparent cheek, all pale and warm, pillow'd his deathlike forehead]

detention

[custody]: [the fifteen people arrested were still in police detention] [teachers were divided as to the effectiveness of detention] [masters gave lines or detentions]

harmful

[damaging]: [the ozone layer blocks the harmful rays from the sun] [sugars which can be harmful to the teeth]

hazard

[danger, chance, venture, risk]: [the hazards of childbirth] [a safety hazard] [we can form no calculation concerning the laws of hazard] [he hazarded a guess] [the cargo business is too risky to hazard money on]

perilous

[dangerous]: [a perilous journey south] [the economy is in a perilous state]

adventurous

[daring]: [an adventurous traveller] [they wanted more adventurous meals] [my life couldn't be more adventurous]

date

[day, age, appointment, partner, assign a date to, was made in, become old-fashioned, old-fashioned, go out with, so far]: [what's the date today?] [please give your name, address, and date of birth] [1066 is the most famous date in English history] [the church is the largest of its date] [I've got a hot date]

sunlight

[daylight]: [a shaft of sunlight]

lamb

[dear]: [we had roast lamb for supper] [lamb chops] [he accepted her decision like a lamb] [the poor lamb is very upset] [Shetland sheep lamb very easily]

dispute

[debate, quarrel, debate, quarrel, challenge]: [a territorial dispute between the two countries] [the Commission is in dispute with the government] [an industrial dispute] [the point has been much disputed] [he taught and disputed with local poets]

dissipation

[debauchery, squandering]: [a descent into drunkenness and sexual dissipation] [the dissipation of the country's mineral wealth] [energy dissipation] [the dissipations in the switch and diode are small]

declension

[decline in quality, deterioration, worsening]: [this declension involves only two endings, a nominative and an oblique] [the declension of the new generation]

embellish

[decorate, elaborate]: [blue silk embellished with golden embroidery] [followers often embellish stories about their heroes]

aesthetic

[decorative]: [the pictures give great aesthetic pleasure] [the law applies to both functional and aesthetic objects] [the Cubist aesthetic]

decline

[decrease, deteriorate, turn down, reject, reduction, deterioration, waning]: [the birth rate continued to decline] [her health began to decline] [declining industries] [Caroline declined the coffee] [the company declined to comment]

diminish

[decrease, reduce, subside, belittle]: [the new law is expected to diminish the government's chances] [the pain will gradually diminish] [the trial has aged and diminished him]

decrement

[decrease]: [relaxation produces a decrement in sympathetic nervous activity] [the dose was reduced by 10 mg weekly decrements] [the instruction decrements the accumulator by one]

renege

[default on]: [the government had reneged on its election promises] [there's one of them, anyhow, that didn't renege him]

tenable

[defensible]: [such a simplistic approach is no longer tenable] [a scholarship of £200 per annum tenable for three years]

truculent

[defiant]: [the truculent attitude of farmers to cheaper imports]

debase

[degrade, corrupt, immoral, debauched, reduce in value]: [the love episodes debase the dignity of the drama] [war debases people] [the King was forced to debase the coinage]

gleeful

[delighted]: [she gave a gleeful chuckle]

blues

[depression]: [blues has always had a strong following in Australia] [a blues singer] [a blues in C] [she's got the blues]

disarm

[deprive of arms, demilitarize, lay down arms/weapons, defuse, win over]: [guerrillas had completely disarmed their forces] [the other militias had disarmed by the agreed deadline] [police yesterday disarmed a parcel bomb] [his tact and political skills will disarm critics] [camp humour acts to provoke rather than disarm moral indignation]

format

[design]: [the conventional format of TV situation comedies] [the format is A4 on newsprint] [(as modifier, in combination) large-format paperbacks] [he has just re-issued the collection in CD format] [a data file in binary format]

aspiration

[desire]: [the needs and aspirations of the people] [the yawning gulf between aspiration and reality] [bathing solutions were changed by careful aspiration] [there is no aspiration if the syllable begins with s]

devastating

[destructive, shattering, gorgeous, incisive]: [a devastating cyclone] [the news came as a devastating blow] [she had a devastating wit]

disconnect

[detach, separate, deactivate, cut off, terminate, interrupt]: [if the axle unit is partially disconnected from the body, the car should not be driven] [he disconnected the main power cables from the batteries] [I phoned them in Edinburgh but we got disconnected] [if customers agree a payment plan, they will not be disconnected] [a disconnect message]

depreciation

[devaluation]: [provision should be made for depreciation of fixed assets] [depreciation leads to losses for non-dollar based investors] [a currency depreciation]

diacritical

[diacritic]:

lexicon

[dictionary]: [the size of the English lexicon] [a Greek-Latin lexicon]

pedagogy

[didactics, education, educational activity, instruction, teaching]: [the relationship between applied linguistics and language pedagogy] [subject-based pedagogies]

distinction

[difference, importance, honour]: [there is a sharp distinction between domestic politics and international politics] [I was completely unaware of class distinctions] [high interest rates strike down, without distinction, small businesses and the unemployed] [a novelist of distinction] [he gained the highest distinction awarded for excellence in photography]

wane

[disappear, decrease, declining]: [confidence in the dollar waned] [the epidemic was on the wane] [I cut the log into slabs without removing the outside wane]

conflict

[dispute, war, clash, clash, contradictory]: [the eternal conflict between the sexes] [doctors often come into conflict with politicians] [regional conflicts] [bewildered by her own inner conflict, she could only stand there feeling vulnerable] [there was a conflict between his business and domestic life]

disyllable

[dissyllable]:

variety

[diversity, assortment, sort]: [it's the variety that makes my job so enjoyable] [the centre offers a variety of leisure activities] [fifty varieties of fresh and frozen pasta] [a variety show]

recoil

[draw back, flinch, feel revulsion at, kick (back), rebound on, kickback]: [he recoiled in horror] [Ronni felt herself recoil at the very thought] [the muscle has the ability to recoil] [the rifle recoiled] [if man upsets his planetary ecosystem it will automatically recoil upon him]

formulate

[draw up, express]: [the government has formulated a policy on waste management] [use special-effects paints that are formulated for the task] [the argument is sufficiently clear that it can be formulated mathematically]

disadvantage

[drawback, treat unfavourably, detriment]: [a major disadvantage is the limited nature of the data] [situations of serious social and economic disadvantage] [the pension scheme tends to disadvantage women] [stringent regulations have put British farmers at a disadvantage] [his poor educational track record inevitably worked to his disadvantage]

horrible

[dreadful, horrifying, nasty]: [a horrible massacre] [the tea tasted horrible]

trickle

[drip, dribble]: [a solitary tear trickled down her cheek] [Philip trickled a line of sauce on his fish fingers] [the first members of the congregation began to trickle in] [a trickle of blood] [the traffic had dwindled to a trickle]

drought

[dry spell]: [the cause of Europe's recent droughts] [crops have failed because of drought] [he ended a five-game goal drought]

persuadable

[easily persuaded]: [they need to identify the most persuadable voters]

consume

[eat, destroy, use, absorb, absorbing]: [people consume a good deal of sugar in drinks] [the fire spread rapidly, consuming many homes] [this process consumes enormous amounts of energy] [accounting provides measures of the economic goods and services consumed] [Carolyn was consumed with guilt]

cranky

[eccentric, bizarre, bad-tempered]: [a cranky scheme to pipe ground-level ozone into the stratosphere] [he was cranky after eight hours of working] [after a juddering landing the cranky plane eased up the runway]

benefice

[ecclesiastical benefice]:

ellipsis

[eclipsis]: [it is very rare for an ellipsis to occur without a linguistic antecedent] [an example of ellipsis]

margin

[edge, gap]: [the eastern margin of the Indian Ocean] [the notations in the margin] [they won by a convincing 17-point margin] [there was no margin for error] [the lighting is brighter than before but is still at the margins of acceptability]

efficacious

[effective, effectual]: [this treatment was efficacious in some cases]

workmanlike

[efficient]: [a steady, workmanlike approach]

euphoric

[elated]: [a euphoric sense of freedom]

euphoria

[elation]: [in his euphoria, he had become convinced he could defeat them]

galvanism

[electric healing, electrical healing, electrotherapy]:

el

[elevated, elevated railroad, elevated railway, overhead railway]: [the El rumbled by]

liquidation

[elimination]: [the company went into liquidation]

plethora

[embarrassment, overplus, superfluity]: [a plethora of committees and subcommittees] [Allen won a plethora of medals during his illustrious career]

humiliation

[embarrassment]: [they suffered the humiliation of losing in the opening round] [he fought back tears of humiliation] [the conference decision was a humiliation for the union's executive]

defalcate

[embezzle, malversate, misappropriate, peculate]: [the officials were charged with defalcating government money]

misappropriate

[embezzle]: [the report revealed that department officials had misappropriated funds]

formation

[emergence, establishment, configuration]: [the formation of the Great Rift Valley] [strange black rock formations] [they sat in orderly ranks in a circular formation] [the jets took off in formation]

staff

[employees, stick, club, rod, man]: [a staff of 600] [hospital staff were not to blame] [a staff meeting] [the Polish General and his staff] [after the Second World War he took up a string of staff appointments]

foster

[encourage, bring up]: [the teacher's task is to foster learning] [appropriate praise helps a child foster a sense of self-worth] [a person who would foster Holly was found] [when fostering out a child, placement workers will be looking for a home similar to their own]

interlock

[engage]: [their fingers interlocked] [a design of interlocking leaves] [the two planes were almost interlocked as they climbed together] [a safety interlock to stop the blades spinning] [a dress in soft interlock]

total

[entire, complete, utter, sum, add up to, add, wreck, write off]: [a total cost of £4,000] [it is a matter of total indifference to me] [a total stranger] [he scored a total of thirty-three points] [in total, 200 people were interviewed]

begrudge

[envy, resent]: [she begrudged Martin his affluence] [nobody begrudges a single penny spent on health] [begrudging admiration from a rival]

parity

[equality]: [parity of incomes between rural workers and those in industrial occupations] [the euro's parity with the dollar] [an attempt to maintain exchange rate parities within the ERM] [the relationship between breast cancer and parity was investigated] [very high parity (six children or more)]

paraphernalia

[equipment]: [drills, saws, and other paraphernalia necessary for home improvements] [the rituals and paraphernalia of government]

hardware

[equipment]: [high-tech military hardware] [available from DIY stores and hardware shops] [select a software package that suits your requirements and buy the hardware to run it on]

outburst

[eruption]: [an angry outburst from the prime minister] [a wild outburst of applause] [a very dramatic outburst of neutrons]

promenade

[esplanade, walk, walk]: [an evening promenade] [they promenaded along the waterfront] [people began to promenade the streets] [the governor of Utah promenades the daughter of the Maryland governor]

staple

[essential]: [Merrill stapled a batch of papers together] [bread, milk, and other staples] [Greek legend was the staple of classical tragedy] [rubber became the staple of the Malayan economy] [jackets made from long-staple Egyptian cotton]

quietus

[eternal rest, eternal sleep, rest, sleep]:

smoothly

[evenly, steadily, without a hitch, suavely]: [the bust is smoothly carved in white marble] [traffic was soon flowing smoothly again] [everything seemed to be going smoothly]

proof

[evidence, page proof, resistant]: [you will be asked to give proof of your identity] [this is not a proof for the existence of God] [spatial dimensions whose very existence is beyond all hope of proof] [powerful 132-proof rum] [the marine battle armour was proof against most weapons]

evict

[expel]: [a single mother and her children have been evicted from their home]

countenance

[face, tolerate]: [his impenetrable eyes and inscrutable countenance give little away] [she was giving her specific countenance to the occasion] [he was reluctant to countenance the use of force] [to keep herself in countenance she opened her notebook] [I put him clean out of countenance just by looking at him]

lapse

[failure, decline, interval, expire, expired, end, non-practising, deteriorate, revert]: [a lapse of concentration in the second set cost her the match] [tracing his lapse into petty crime] [there was a considerable lapse of time between the two events] [he let his membership of CND lapse] [if your diet has lapsed it's time you revived it]

equity

[fairness, value]: [equity of treatment] [if there is any conflict between the principles of common law and equity, equity prevails] [he owns 62% of the group's equity] [trading in equities is governed by market rules] [people who have built up a significant amount of equity in their homes]

attach

[fasten, assign, ascribe, seize]: [attach your safety line to the bridge] [I attach a copy of the memo for your information] [the Commission can attach appropriate conditions to the operation of the agreement] [they were all too ready to attach themselves to you for the whole day] [I was attached to another working group]

fix

[fasten, stick, focus, attract, decide on, repair, neaten, arrange, organize, provide, prepare, make permanent, rig, revenge oneself on, inject drugs, castrate, predicament, dose, solution, fraud]: [they had candles fixed to their helmets] [her words have remained fixed in my memory] [Ben nodded, his eyes fixed on the ground] [her gaze fixed on Jess] [Cowley fixed him with a cold stare]

beget

[father, cause]: [they hoped that the King might beget an heir by his new queen] [killings beget more killings]

propitious

[favourable]: [the timing for such a meeting seemed propitious] [there were points on which they did not agree, moments in which she did not seem propitious]

pet

[favourite, stroke, pamper, kiss and cuddle, bad mood]: [the pony was a family pet] [a pet cat] [she is the pet of the family] [I found the chairs at my pet antiques dealer in Cannes] [another of her pet projects was the arts centre]

dread

[fear, fear, awful]: [Jane was dreading the party] [I dread to think what Russell will say] [the man whom Henry dreaded as the future champion of English freedom] [the thought of returning to London filled her with dread] [I used to have a dread of Friday afternoons]

possible

[feasible, potential, conceivable]: [surely it's not possible for a man to live so long?] [contact me as soon as possible] [I'd like the report this afternoon, if possible] [he was a possible future customer] [children need the best education possible]

sentient

[feeling]: [she had been instructed from birth in the equality of all sentient life forms]

fencing

[fencing material]: [a fencing foil] [security fencing] [chestnut is still in demand for fencing] [the horse makes his fencing debut today]

fief

[feoff]:

productive

[fertile, prolific, useful]: [the most productive employees] [the country's productive capacity] [a long and productive career] [the therapy sessions became more productive] [the hotel was not productive of amusing company]

zealous

[fervent, committed]: [the council was extremely zealous in the application of the regulations]

infuse

[fill, instil, steep]: [her work is infused with an anger born of pain and oppression] [he did his best to infuse good humour into his voice] [infuse the dried flowers in boiling water] [allow the mixture to infuse for 15 minutes] [saline was infused into the aorta]

eventual

[final]: [it's impossible to predict the eventual outcome of the competition]

denouement

[finale, outcome]: [the film's denouement was unsatisfying and ambiguous] [I waited by the eighteenth green to see the denouement]

at last

[finally]: [you've come back to me at last!]

profit

[financial gain, advantage, make money, benefit from, benefit]: [record pre-tax profits] [his eyes brightened at the prospect of profit] [there's no profit in screaming at referees from the bench] [the only people to profit from the episode were the lawyers] [not all children would profit from this kind of schooling]

solvent

[financially sound]: [interest rate rises have very severe effects on normally solvent companies] [osmotic, chemical, or solvent action] [an unrivalled solvent of social prejudices]

blaze

[fire, glare, burn, shine, fire (away)]: [twenty firemen fought the blaze] [the gardens in summer are a blaze of colour] [White ended the season in a blaze of glory, with seven goals in as many games] [their relationship broke up in a blaze of publicity] ['Go to blazes!' he shouted]

convulsion

[fit, fits of laughter, upheaval]: [toxic side effects like convulsions] [febrile convulsions] [the audience collapsed in convulsions] [the violent convulsions of tectonic plates] [the convulsions of 1939-45]

effervesce

[fizz, foam, form bubbles, froth, sparkle]: [the waves seemed to effervesce as they swept by] [managers are supposed to effervesce with praise and encouragement]

gross

[flagrant, total, vulgar, boorish, obese, disgusting, earn, disgust]: [gross human rights abuses] [gross negligence] [a gross exaggeration] [the gross amount of the gift was £1,000] [a projected gross take-off weight of 500,000 pounds]

clap

[flap, round of applause, slap, crack]: [Agnes clapped her hands in glee] [the crowd was clapping and cheering] [Louisa clapped his performance] [the designer clapped his hands and the other girls exited the room] [the hawk shook itself and clapped its wings]

plane

[flat surface, level, flat, soar, skim, aircraft]: [the horizontal plane] [the planets orbit the sun in roughly the same plane] [the plane of his forehead] [everything is connected on the spiritual plane] [a plane surface]

sapid

[flavorful, flavorous, flavorsome, flavourful, flavourous, flavoursome, saporous]: [sapid nut bread] [the aromatic stew was just as sapid as it smelled]

taste

[flavour, mouthful, experience, palate, liking, judgement, decorum, perceive, have a flavour, sample, consume, experience]: [the wine had a fruity taste] [birds do not have a highly developed sense of taste] [try a taste of cheese] [it was his first taste of serious action] [this pudding is too sweet for my taste]

impeccable

[flawless]: [he had impeccable manners]

circulate

[flow, socialize, spread, spread]: [antibodies circulate in the bloodstream] [the fan circulates hot air around the oven] [the couple circulated, chatting to their guests] [rumours of his arrest circulated] [they were circulating the list to conservation groups]

concentrate

[focus, focus one's attention on, collect, condense, distillation]: [she couldn't concentrate on the film] [a threatened tax rise concentrates the mind wonderfully] [Luke wants to concentrate on his film career] [the nation's wealth was concentrated in the hands of the governing elite] [troops were concentrating at the western front]

dunce

[fool]: [he was baffled by arithmetic and they called him a dunce at school]

silly

[foolish, unwise, trivial, senseless, nincompoop]: [another of his silly jokes] ['Don't be silly!' she said] [he would brood about silly things] [he often drank himself silly] [his mother worried herself silly over him]

forbid

[foreclose, forestall, preclude, prevent]: [mixed marriages were forbidden] [I was forbidden from seeing him again] [my doctor has forbidden me to eat sugar] [all vehicles are forbidden] [the cliffs forbid any easy turning movement]

exotic

[foreign, foreign, striking, unusual]: [exotic birds] [they loved to visit exotic places] [youths with exotic haircuts] [there was a touch of the exotic in her appearance] [exotic chemicals such as oil hydrocarbons]

accomplish

[fulfil]: [the planes accomplished their mission]

unction

[fulsomeness, oiliness, oleaginousness, smarminess, unctuousness]: [mercury in the form of unctions] [the headlines gloated with the kind of effusive unction only the English press can muster]

profitability

[gainfulness, lucrativeness, profitableness]: [profitability may not improve until well into next year] [intense rivalry reduces industry profitability] [growing sales and a return to profitability]

yawn

[gaping]: [he began yawning and looking at his watch] [a yawning chasm] [he stretches and stifles a yawn] [the film is just one big yawn]

signal

[gesture, indication, cue, gesture, indicate, notable]: [the firing of the gun was the signal for a chain of beacons to be lit] [the policeman raised his hand as a signal to stop] [the markets are waiting for a clear signal about the direction of policy] [the champion's announcement that he was retiring was the signal for scores of journalists to gather at his last match] [equipment for receiving TV signals]

recuperate

[get better, get back]: [she has been recuperating from a knee injury] [Christmas is a time to recuperate] [they will seek to recuperate the returns that go with investment]

maidenhood

[girlhood, maidhood]: [most brides wear white to symbolize maidenhood]

misrepresent

[give a false account of]: [you are misrepresenting the views of the government]

spawn

[give rise to]: [the fish spawn among fine-leaved plants] [the fish can locate the precise stream in which they were spawned] [then they enter the undead land where defenders will spawn to fight against them] [players can spawn a ghost ship to confuse foes] [why had she married a man who could spawn a boy like that?]

accord

[give, correspond, pact, agreement, voluntarily, unanimously]: [the powers accorded to the head of state] [the national assembly accorded the General more power] [his views accorded well with those of Merivale] [opposition groups refused to sign the accord] [a peace accord]

render

[give, offer, show, send in, deliver, give back, make, paint, act, perform, translate, melt down]: [money serves as a reward for services rendered] [Mrs Evans would render assistance to those she thought were in need] [he would render income tax returns at the end of the year] [the jury's finding amounted to the clearest verdict yet rendered upon the scandal] [he will render up his immortal soul]

retirement

[giving up work, life after one retires, seclusion]: [a man nearing retirement] [the library has seen a large number of retirements this year] [he spent much of his retirement travelling in Europe] [he announced his retirement from international football] [a three-hour retirement]

greedy

[gluttonous, be greedy, avaricious, eager]: [he's scoffed the lot, the greedy pig] [people driven from their land by greedy developers]

amok

[go berserk]: [stone-throwing anarchists were running amok]

benefit

[good, advantage, social security payments, profit, be advantageous to]: [enjoy the benefits of being a member] [the changes are of benefit to commerce] [part-time jobs supplemented by means-tested benefits] [families on benefit] [the social season was highlighted by debutante balls and charity benefits]

righteous

[good, ethical, principled, justifiable]: [feelings of righteous indignation about pay and conditions] [he stood up for what he knew was right and died a righteous person] [victory in battle was conferred on the righteous] [righteous eggs, man!] [he is righteous trash]

pasture

[grazing land]: [areas of rich meadow pasture] [many a horse was put out to pasture there] [grassy pastures] [a range of pasture grasses] [she left the office for pastures new]

utmost

[greatest, best, best, utmost]: [a matter of the utmost importance] [a plot that stretches credulity to the utmost] [Dan was doing his utmost to be helpful]

maximum

[greatest, upper limit]: [the vehicle's maximum speed] [a maximum penalty of ten years' imprisonment] [the school takes a maximum of 32 pupils] [production levels are near their maximum]

grudge

[grievance, begrudge, envy]: [I've never been one to hold a grudge] [Miss Ironside seems to have had some grudge against her] [he grudged the work and time that the meeting involved] [I don't grudge him his moment of triumph] [I hope you will not bear me a grudge]

wince

[grimace, flinch, grimace]: [he winced at the disgust in her voice]

steer

[guide, guide, keep away from]: [he steered the boat slowly towards the busy quay] [he let Lily steer] [the ship steered into port] [the fishermen were steering a direct course for Koepang] [he had steered her to a chair]

piteous

[hapless, miserable, misfortunate, pathetic, pitiable, pitiful, poor, wretched]: [a piteous cry]

materialize

[happen, appear]: [the forecast rate of increase did not materialize] [the train failed to materialize] [he plays a teenager whose make-believe friend materializes] [a medium, she was reputed to materialize substances]

inure

[harden]: [these children have been inured to violence]

destined

[heading, fated]: [he was destined for great things] [they were destined to become diplomats] [the Act seems destined to failure] [the shipment of illegal drugs destined for American and European markets] [your heroine will be united with her destined mate]

curative

[healing]: [the curative properties of herbs]

stack

[heap, a great deal, haystack, chimney, pillar, heap (up), load]: [a stack of boxes] [there's stacks of work for me now] [the demand for items from the stacks] [the new premises provided a reading room and a stack room] [the books had been stacked up in neat piles]

encourage

[hearten, promising, supportive, persuade, support]: [we were encouraged by the success of this venture] [pupils are encouraged to be creative] [the intention is to encourage new writing talent]

navigation

[helmsmanship]: [Columbus corrected his westward course by celestial navigation] [transporter bridges to span rivers without hindering navigation] [most of the navigation from Wormley to Tottenham was frozen]

assist

[help, facilitate]: [a senior academic would assist him in his work] [their presence would assist in keeping the peace] [they were assisting police with their inquiries] [funds to assist with capital investment] [two midwives who assisted at a water birth]

falter

[hesitate, stammer]: [the music faltered, stopped, and started up again] [his faltering career] ['A-Adam?' he faltered] [he faltered and finally stopped in mid-stride]

hiccup

[hiccough]: [then she got hiccups] [just a little hiccup in our usual wonderful service] [they lay about hiccuping and giggling]

concealment

[hiding, cover, keeping secret]: [the concealment of the weapons] [the deliberate concealment of material facts] [he darted forwards from the concealment of the bushes]

towering

[high, outstanding, extreme]: [Hari looked up at the towering buildings] [a majestic, towering album] [his towering anger]

supreme

[highest ranking, extraordinary, final, utmost]: [a unified force with a supreme commander] [on the race track he reigned supreme] [he was nerving himself for a supreme effort] [people expected the marathon runner supreme to win] [our comrades who made the supreme sacrifice]

mountainous

[hilly, huge]: [struggling under mountainous debts]

employment

[hiring, job, use]: [a fall in the numbers in full-time employment] [the employment of a full-time tutor] [he travelled in a variety of employments] [economies can be made by the full employment of existing facilities]

tradition

[historical convention, custom, style]: [members of different castes have by tradition been associated with specific occupations] [Japan's unique cultural traditions] [visionary works in the tradition of William Blake]

from pillar to post

[hither and thither]: [they were pushed from pillar to post from the moment they left their homes]

swarm

[hive, crowd, flock, be crowded with]: [a swarm of locusts] [a swarm of journalists] [swarming locusts] [the bees had swarmed and left the hive] [protesters were swarming into the building]

blame

[hold responsible, ascribe to, responsibility]: [the inquiry blamed the train driver for the accident] [they blame youth crime on unemployment] [his players had to take the blame for the defeat] [they are trying to put the blame on us] [he was to blame for their deaths]

contain

[hold, include, restrain]: [the cigarettes were thought to contain cannabis] [documents containing both text and simple graphics can be created] [since F contains the factor Q it disappears from both sides of the equation] [he must contain his hatred] [the government has already taken steps to contain the disease]

antipathy

[hostility]: [his fundamental antipathy to capitalism]

wail

[howl]: [Christopher let out a wail] [the wail of an air-raid siren] [Tina ran off wailing] ['But why?' she wailed] [the wind wailed and buffeted the timber structure]

enormous

[huge]: [enormous sums of money] [the possibilities are enormous]

oyster

[huitre]: [oystering is still the lifeblood of this town] [I can do anything I want to, the world's my oyster]

abase

[humble]: [I watched my colleagues abasing themselves before the board of trustees]

forage

[hunt, fodder, scavenge]: [the birds forage for aquatic invertebrates, insects, and seeds] [a girl foraging grass for oxen] [units that were foraging a particular area]

hasten

[hurry, speed up]: [he hastened to refute the assertion] [we hastened back to Paris] [this tragedy probably hastened his own death from heart disease]

concept

[idea]: [structuralism is a difficult concept] [the concept of justice] [the centre has kept firmly to its original concept] [a new concept in corporate hospitality] [a concept car for next month's Geneva motor show]

indisposition

[illness, reluctance]: [she was chiefly confined by indisposition to her bedroom] [due to an indisposition, Herr Gesner will not be able to continue his performance] [indisposition to motion, exertion, or change] [an utter indisposition to do anything whatever]

eminence

[illustriousness, important person, elevation]: [her eminence in cinematography] [the Lord Chancellor canvassed the views of various legal eminences] [His Eminence, Cardinal Thomas Wolsey] [an eminence commanding the River Emme] [a swelling on the lower surface of the brain termed the median eminence]

persona

[image]: [her public persona]

instantaneous

[immediate]: [modern methods of instantaneous communication] [her reaction was almost instantaneous] [measurement of the instantaneous velocity]

impend

[imminent]: [my impending departure] [the melancholy fate which impended over his nephew]

paralysis

[immobility, shutdown]: [the fast-acting venom causes paralysis, breathing difficulties, and sometimes death] [a creeping paralysis accompanied by nausea and vomiting] [the paralysis gripping the country]

impenetrable

[impassable, incomprehensible]: [a dark, impenetrable forest] [her expression was impenetrable] [impenetrable jargon]

stymie

[impede]: [the changes must not be allowed to stymie new medical treatments]

handicap

[impediment, hamper]: [not being able to drive was something of a handicap] [he was born with a significant visual handicap] [the National Hunt Handicap Chase] [he plays off a handicap of 10] [lack of funding has handicapped the development of research]

customs

[import taxes]: [cocaine seizures by customs have risen this year] [a customs officer] [we were through customs with a minimum of formalities] [an inflow of customs duties to the Treasury] [from 1374 Chaucer worked as controller of customs on wool in the port of London]

importation

[import]: [manufacturers fought to restrict the importation of cheap foreign goods] [the government takes a tough stance on illegal drug importation] [his avid importation of ideas from European and Asian thinkers]

prominent

[important, well known, protuberant, conspicuous]: [she was a prominent member of the city council] [a man with big, prominent eyes like a lobster's] [the new housing estates are prominent landmarks]

confiscate

[impound]: [the guards confiscated his camera] [confiscated equipment] [the government confiscated his property early in the war]

unlikely

[improbable, implausible]: [an unlikely explanation] [it is unlikely that they will ever be used] [prices are unlikely to change]

pickup

[improvement]: [travel by coach from your local pickup point to your hotel] [most people met through casual pickups] [her flatmates are used to Susan's rugged pickups] [a pickup in demand] [this microphone helps reduce the pickup of background noise]

indiscreet

[imprudent]: [they have been embarrassed by indiscreet friends]

cheek

[impudence, answer back to]: [tears rolled down her cheeks] [Gabriel had to bite his cheeks to keep from laughing] [he had the cheek to complain] [Frankie always got away with cheeking his elders] [they lived cheek by jowl in a one-room flat]

accordance

[in agreement with]: [the ballot was held in accordance with trade union rules]

multiply

[increase, breed]: [multiply fourteen by nineteen] [we all know how to multiply by ten] [ever since I became a landlord my troubles have multiplied tenfold] [cigarette smoking combines with other factors to multiply the risks of atherosclerosis] [listeria and other bacteria were able to multiply in very low temperatures]

hatch

[incubate, devise]: [a cargo hatch] [a service hatch] [a spare wheel mounted on the rear hatch] ['Down the hatch!' he said, raising his mug] [eggs need to be put in a warm place to hatch]

incentive

[inducement]: [give farmers an incentive to improve their land] [tax incentives for investing in depressed areas]

incompetence

[ineptitude]: [allegations of professional incompetence]

unlimited

[inexhaustible, unrestricted, total]: [offshore reserves of gas and oil are not unlimited]

ineffable

[inexpressible, unutterable]: [the ineffable mysteries of the soul] [the ineffable Hebrew name that gentiles write as Jehovah]

sterile

[infertile, unproductive, pointless, unimaginative, aseptic]: [the disease had made him sterile] [the peppermints are vigorous sterile hybrids] [vast tracts of sterile desert land] [he found the fraternity's teachings sterile] [a sterile needle and syringes]

impregnate

[infuse, make pregnant]: [wood which had been impregnated with preservative] [an atmosphere impregnated with tension] [he was obliged to marry the woman he'd impregnated]

inveterate

[ingrained, confirmed, staunch]: [an inveterate gambler] [his inveterate hostility to what he considered to be the 'reactionary' powers]

population

[inhabitants]: [the island has a population of about 78,000] [measures to speed up integration of the country's immigrant population] [areas of sparse population] [fluctuations in populations of voles and lemmings] [the motions of Population II objects]

inmost

[innermost]:

immediate

[instant, current, recent, nearest, direct]: [the authorities took no immediate action] [the book's success was immediate] [the immediate concern was how to avoid taxes] [no changes are envisaged in the immediate future] [his immediate superior in the department]

abusive

[insulting, cruel]: [the goalkeeper was sent off for using abusive language] [he became quite abusive and swore at her] [abusive parents] [an abusive relationship] [the abusive and predatory practices of businesses]

meddle

[interfere, fiddle]: [I don't want him meddling in our affairs] [bureaucratic meddling] [you have no right to come in here meddling with my things]

translate

[interpret, render, change, relocate]: [several of his books were translated into English] [shiatsu literally translates as 'finger pressure'] [few of Shakespeare's other works have been translated into ballets] [twenty years of critical success which rarely translated into public acclaim] [she had been translated from familiar surroundings to a foreign court]

spokesperson

[interpreter, representative, voice]: [a spokesperson for the Scottish Office]

distance

[interval, remoteness, far away, aloofness, withdraw]: [I cycled the short distance home] [you may have to walk long distances] [distance makes things look small] [watching them from a distance] [I heard police sirens in the distance]

intoxicant

[intoxicating]: [intoxicants and drugs are used by some to escape physical or psychological pain]

preface

[introduction, precede]: [it was an abrupt question, made without even the preface of a greeting] [the book is prefaced by a quotation from William Faulkner] [it is important to preface the debate with a general comment]

visceral

[intuitive, nonrational]: [the visceral nervous system] [the voters' visceral fear of change]

null

[invalid, lacking in character]: [the establishment of a new interim government was declared null and void] [his curiously null life] [the tumour can be more readily identified by nulling the high signal from bone marrow]

vitiate

[invalidate, void]: [development programmes have been vitiated by the rise in population] [the insurance is vitiated because of foolish acts on the part of the tenant]

publication

[issuing, book]: [the publication of her first novel] [the publication of April trade figures] [scientific publications]

garment

[item of clothing, garments]: [a windproof outer garment] [fashion garments]

jocose

[jesting, jocular, joking]: [a jocose allusion]

task

[job, rebuke]: [a new manager was given the task of developing the club's talent] [NATO troops are tasked with separating the warring parties] [it tasked his diplomatic skill to effect his departure in safety] [he took some military experts to task for their optimistic predictions]

dovetail

[joint, fit in]: [plan to enable parents to dovetail their career and family commitments] [flights that dovetail with the working day]

conjugation

[jointure, unification, union, uniting]: [it was the conjugation of verbs he found most difficult] [a past participle of the first conjugation] [immunity may be transferable by conjugation to other bacterial strains] [toxic compounds eliminated from the body by conjugation with glutathione]

quip

[joke, quips, joke]: [Peter ate heartily with a quip about being a condemned man] [tricks of controversy and quips of law] ['Flattery will get you nowhere,' she quipped]

exultation

[jubilation, crowing]: [she laughs in exultation]

anniversary

[jubilee]: [the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Britain] [the 75th anniversary of the RAF] [he even forgot our tenth anniversary!]

plunge

[jump, crash, fall steeply/sharply, lurch, thrust, immerse, throw, jump, fall, commit oneself]: [our little daughters whooped as they plunged into the sea] [a car swerved to avoid a bus and plunged into a ravine] [he came to a decision, and plunged on before he had time to reconsider it] [shares in the company plunged 18p on news that profits had fallen] [the ship plunged through the 20-foot seas]

judge

[justice, judges, form the opinion, try, adjudge, adjudicate, assess]: [he is due to appear before a judge and jury on Monday] [a High Court Judge] [a distinguished panel of judges select the winning design] [she was a good judge of character] [a production can be judged according to the canons of aesthetic criticism]

kilowatt

[kW]:

varnish

[lacquer, lacquer]: [several coats of varnish] [the wood was stained with a dark varnish] [her fingernails were painted with pink varnish] [an outward varnish of civilization] [we stripped the floor and varnished it]

overdue

[late, unpaid]: [the rent was nearly three months overdue] [overdue bills] [I was already a week-and-a-half overdue] [our daughter was six days overdue] [reform is now overdue]

bound

[leap, leap, borders, limits, enclose, limit, off limits, certain, obligated, connected with]: [Louis came bounding down the stairs] [shares bounded ahead in early dealing] [bullets bounded off the veranda] [I went up the steps in two effortless bounds] [the ancient bounds of the forest]

lawful

[legitimate, law-abiding]: [it is an offence to carry a weapon in public without lawful authority]

prolong

[lengthen]: [an idea which prolonged the life of the engine by many years] [the line of his lips was prolonged in a short red scar]

optician

[lens maker]:

tax

[levy, burden, levy a tax on, strain, confront]: [higher taxes will dampen consumer spending] [a tax on fuel] [they will have to pay tax on interest earned by savings] [a tax bill] [tax cuts]

inanimate

[lifeless]: [inanimate objects like stones] [he was completely inanimate and it was difficult to see if he was breathing]

salvation

[lifeline, redemption]: [they try to sell it to us as economic salvation] [his only salvation was to outfly the enemy] [the Christian gospel of salvation for all mankind]

probable

[likely]: [it is probable that the economic situation will deteriorate further] [the probable consequences of his action] [Merson and Wright are probables]

guise

[likeness, pretence]: [he visited in the guise of an inspector] [sums paid under the guise of consultancy fees]

preference

[liking, rather than, favourite, priority]: [her preference for white wine] [he chose a clock in preference to a watch] [nearly 40 per cent named acid house as their musical preference] [preference is given to those who make a donation] [debts owed to the community should be accorded a preference]

proclivity

[liking]: [a proclivity for hard work]

limousine

[limo]: [the Prince was whisked away in a black limousine]

connection

[link, attachment, contact, regarding]: [the connections between social attitudes and productivity] [sufferers deny that their problems have any connection with drugs] [connection to the Internet] [ensure that all connections between the wires are properly made] [she replaced the receiver before the connection was made]

associate

[link, mix, affiliate, partner]: [I associated wealth with freedom] [the environmental problems associated with nuclear waste] [she has been associated with the project from the first] [I cannot associate myself with some of the language used] [he began to associate with the Mafia]

geosphere

[lithosphere]:

animated

[lively]: [an animated conversation] [an animated version of the classic fairy tale]

solitude

[loneliness, wilderness]: [she savoured her few hours of freedom and solitude] [the battle to preserve beloved solitudes flared up all over the country]

longitudinal

[long]: [longitudinal muscles] [longitudinal stripes] [longitudinal positions] [a longitudinal study of ten patients]

sentinel

[lookout, lookout man, picket, scout, sentry, spotter, watch]: [soldiers stood sentinel with their muskets] [the first national HIV sentinel surveillance programme in the developing world] [a wide course had been roped off and sentinelled with police]

bleed

[lose blood, draw blood from, drain, flow, grieve]: [the cut was bleeding steadily] [some casualties were left to bleed to death] [the bleeding has stopped now] [he didn't bleed his patients with leeches] [his policy of attempting to bleed British unions of funds]

enticement

[lure]: [financial enticements] [despite the enticement of low prices, sales fell sharply from 2000's record level]

opulent

[luxurious, copious, wealthy]: [the opulent comfort of a limousine] [his more opulent tenants]

sybaritic

[luxurious]: [their opulent and sybaritic lifestyle]

scavenger

[magpie, pack rat]: [carcasses are usually quickly disposed of by scavengers] [foxes are great scavengers] [a reputation as a scavenger of discarded odds and ends] [4-aminosalicylic acid is not an effective free radical scavenger]

postcard

[mailing-card, post card, postal card]: [he promised to send me a picture postcard]

continent

[mainland]: [clubs sprang up in Britain and on the Continent]

chiefly

[mainly]: [he is remembered chiefly for his organ sonatas] [an audience consisting chiefly of women between the ages of 18 and 54]

subsistence

[maintenance, survival]: [the minimum income needed for subsistence] [the garden provided not only subsistence but a little cash crop] [subsistence agriculture] [rights of occupation normally only continue during the subsistence of the marriage]

clarify

[make clear, purify]: [the report managed to clarify the government's position] [seal the pots with a layer of clarified butter]

publicize

[make known, advertise]: [use the magazine to publicize human rights abuses] [Judy had started to publicize books and celebrities]

promulgate

[make known, put into effect]: [these objectives have to be promulgated within the organization] [in January 1852 the new Constitution was promulgated]

curse

[malediction, evil, affliction, swear word, put a curse on, be afflicted with, swear]: [she'd put a curse on him] [impatience is the curse of our day and age] [at every blow there was a curse] [it often seemed as if the family had been cursed] [many owners have been cursed with a series of bankruptcies]

fellow

[man, companion, peer, counterpart]: [he was an extremely obliging fellow] [he was learning with a rapidity unique among his fellows] [the page has been torn away from its fellows] [a fellow of the Geological Society] [a tutorial fellow]

lunatic

[maniac, fool]: [this lunatic just accelerated out from the side of the road] [a ward of lunatic old ladies] [he would be asked to acquiesce in some lunatic scheme]

symptom

[manifestation, expression]: [dental problems may be a symptom of other illness] [the government was plagued by leaks—a symptom of divisions and poor morale]

stride

[march, step, make progress, deal with easily]: [he strode across the road] [we are striding confidently towards the future] [a woman striding the cobbled streets] [new wealth enabled Britain to stride the world once more] [he crossed the room in a couple of strides]

nautical

[maritime]: [nautical charts]

spot

[mark, discoloration, place, position, pimple, spots, bit, notice, stain, sully, rain lightly, difficult situation, immediately]: [ladybirds have black spots on their red wing covers] [a spot of mildew on the wall] [a nice secluded spot] [an ideal picnic spot] [his bald spot]

pavilion

[marquee]: [the resort's Spa Pavilion] [the form of alternating pavilions also allows the site to be developed in depth] [they designed the British pavilion at Shanghai World Expo 2010]

matrimony

[marriage]: [the joys of matrimony]

exodus

[mass departure]: [the annual exodus of sun-seeking Canadians to Florida] [the Passover festival celebrates the Exodus]

rub

[massage, apply, chafe, massage, polish, problem, difficulty, emphasize, associate with, irritate, manage, clean, be transferred to, erase]: [she rubbed her arm, where she had a large bruise] [he rubbed at the earth on his jeans] [he rubbed a finger round the rim of his mug] [she took out her suncream and rubbed some on her nose] [she found a towel and began rubbing her hair]

chew

[masticate, chat, meditate on]: [he was chewing a mouthful of toast] [he chewed for a moment, then swallowed] [he chewed his lip reflectively] [she chewed at a fingernail] [the dog was enjoying a quiet chew of his bone]

matter

[material, affair, subject, content, problem, importance, make any difference, be influential, it doesn't matter]: [the structure and properties of matter] [organic matter] [faecal matter] [reading matter] [a great deal of work was done on this matter]

issue

[matter, issuing, edition, result, discharge, offspring, supply, send out, emanate, result, in question, disagree]: [the issue of racism] [raising awareness of environmental issues] [emotions and intimacy issues that were largely dealt with through alcohol] [I like him, though I have some issues with the guy] [a small number of users are experiencing connectivity issues]

maximize

[maximise]: [the company was aiming to maximize profits] [a thriller that maximizes the potential of its locations]

mealy-mouthed

[mealymouthed]: [mealy-mouthed excuses]

ill-natured

[mean]:

definition

[meaning, interpretation, clarity]: [a dictionary definition of the verb] [our definition of what constitutes poetry] [a question of definition] [issues of methodology and definition] [the clarity and definition of pictures can be aided by using computer graphics]

automation

[mechanisation, mechanization]: [unemployment due to the spread of automation] [the automation of office tasks]

automatic

[mechanized, instinctive, spontaneous, inevitable]: [an automatic kettle that switches itself off when it boils] [calibration is fully automatic] [automatic weapons] [a four-speed automatic gearbox] [automatic physical functions such as breathing]

clinic

[medical centre]: [an antenatal clinic] [we're now holding regular clinics] [a drum clinic]

humble

[meek, modest, low-ranking, humiliate, defeat]: [I felt very humble when meeting her] [my humble apologies] [she came from a humble, unprivileged background] [he built the business empire from humble beginnings] [he was humbled by his many ordeals]

session

[meeting, academic year, term, period, drinking bout]: [the governor called this week's special session to reconsider the decision] [legislation to curb wildcat strikes will be introduced during the coming parliamentary session] [gym is followed by a training session] [he did the sessions for a Great Country Hits album] [it was one hell of a session— we must have drunk about 12 cocktails each]

minister

[member of the government, clergyman, ambassador, tend]: [the Defence Minister] [a minister of the Lutheran church] [a Unitarian minister] [her doctor was busy ministering to the injured] [will these women be permitted to minister as priests?]

autobiography

[memoirs]: [he gives a vivid description of his childhood in his autobiography] [the book is a curious mixture of autobiography and fantasy]

insanity

[mental illness, folly]: [he suffered from bouts of insanity] [it might be pure insanity to take this loan] [the insanities of our time]

intellectual

[mental, intelligent, intelligent person]: [children need intellectual stimulation] [the film wasn't very intellectual, but it caught the mood of the times] [you are an intellectual girl, like your mother] [a prominent political thinker and intellectual]

neurotic

[mentally ill, overanxious]: [he seemed a neurotic, self-obsessed character] [I wasn't going to be labelled as a hypochondriac or neurotic]

courier

[messenger, representative]: [the cheque was dispatched by courier] [a courier service] [a courier disguised as a commercial traveller] [he worked as a courier on a package holiday to Majorca] [your order can be couriered to you in three days]

media

[metier]: [their demands were publicized by the media] [the media have not followed the reports] [there were great efforts made by the medias of the involved countries] [about 600 works in all genres and medias were submitted for review]

telepathy

[mind reading]:

deceptive

[misleading, deceitful]: [he put the question with deceptive casualness]

assorted

[mixed]: [bowls in assorted colours]

active

[mobile, hard-working, operative]: [although he was seventy he was still robust and active] [I couldn't feel the baby moving, and it was normally very active] [they enjoyed an active social life] [Caroline nodded slowly, her active mind already racing ahead] [sexually active teenagers]

nomadic

[mobile, peregrine, roving, wandering]: [nomadic herdsmen]

satirize

[mock]: [the movie satirized the notion of national superiority]

adapt

[modify, adjust]: [hospitals have had to be adapted for modern medical practice] [the policies can be adapted to suit individual needs] [a large organization can be slow to adapt to change] [the film was adapted from a Turgenev short story]

soliloquy

[monologue]: [Edmund ends the scene as he had begun it, with a soliloquy] [he did most of his thinking by soliloquy] [in the opening soliloquy he declares his true intent]

doleful

[mournful]: [a doleful look] [he could be struck off, with doleful consequences]

slay

[murder, amuse greatly]: [St George slew the dragon] [a man was slain with a shotgun] [you slay me, you really do]

whisper

[murmur, rustle, murmur, rumour, whispers, rustle, babble]: [Alison was whispering in his ear] [he managed to whisper a faint goodbye] ['Are you all right?' he whispered] [it was whispered that he would soon die] [she spoke in a whisper]

flesh

[muscle, meat, pulp, the body, put on weight, expand (on), in person]: [she grabbed Anna's arm, her fingers sinking into the flesh] [the food an animal eats will affect the taste and texture of its flesh] [halve the avocados and scrape out the flesh] [she gasped as the cold water hit her flesh] [I have never been one to deny the pleasures of the flesh]

mutation

[mutant]: [the mutation of punk's angry energy into something more thuggish and mindless] [his first novel went through several mutations] [mutation is, ultimately, the only way in which new variation enters the species] [whether his goats were a new mutation or part of an older breed remains unclear]

artless

[natural]: [an artless, naive girl] [artless sincerity] [an artless literary masterpiece] [her awkward, artless prose]

mischievous

[naughty, playful, malicious]: [mischievous children] [a mischievous grin] [a mischievous allegation for which there is not a shred of evidence]

maritime

[naval, coastal]: [a maritime museum] [maritime law] [dolphins and other maritime mammals] [two species of Diptera occur in the maritime Antarctic] [native and exotic plants flourish in the mild maritime climate on the Lleyn Peninsula]

requisite

[necessary, necessity]: [the application will not be processed until the requisite fee is paid] [she believed privacy to be a requisite for a peaceful life]

transact

[negotiate]: [traders transact business in the public exchange] [the dealer must know the price at which he is prepared to transact]

veining

[nervure]: [the marble's characteristic surface veining]

impartiality

[nonpartisanship]: [entries had to be submitted under a pseudonym to ensure impartiality in the judging process]

unable

[not able]: [she was unable to conceal her surprise]

marked

[noticeable]: [a houseplant with beautifully marked, dark green leaves] [the word 'drake' is semantically marked as masculine] [a marked increase in UK sales]

multiple

[numerous]: [multiple occupancy] [a multiple pile-up] [words with multiple meanings] [a multiple fracture of the femur] [15, 20, or any multiple of five]

voluntarily

[of one's own free will]: [he voluntarily attended a police station]

insult

[offend, abusive, abusive remark]: [you're insulting the woman I love] [he hurled insults at us] [he saw the book as a deliberate insult to the Church] [the present offer is an absolute insult] [the movement of the bone causes a severe tissue insult]

proffer

[offer]: [she proffered a glass of wine] [he proffered his resignation]

register

[official list, record, range, record, enrol, indicate, display, make an impression]: [a membership register] [the system requires teachers to take the register at each lesson] [I had signed the register with my new name] [boy trebles singing in a high register] [it was reproduced in full colour but unfortunately out of register]

document

[official paper, documents, record]: [the photographer spent years documenting the lives of miners] [teaching resources that are documented clearly and comprehensively]

brood

[offspring, family, worry about, incubate]: [a brood of chicks] [she was brought up as part of a brood of eight] [she had brooded over the subject a thousand times] [the male pheasant-tailed jacana takes over once the eggs are laid and broods them] [a brood mare]

lubricate

[oil, grease, facilitate]: [remove the nut and lubricate the thread] [lubricating oils] [the availability of credit lubricated the channels of trade] [men lubricated with alcohol speak their true feelings]

salve

[ointment, soothe]: [the wound should be washed with water and then a salve applied] [he doctored their hurts with some strong-smelling salve] [the idea provided him with a salve for his guilt] [charity salves our conscience] [the salved my cuts and stopped the bleeding]

dismissal

[one's notice, the sack, rejection]: [their controversial dismissal from the competition] [the dismissal of an employee] [a claim for unfair dismissal] [the dismissal of a batsman] [the government's dismissal of the report]

merely

[only]: [Gary, a silent boy, merely nodded]

introductory

[opening, elementary]: [a two-day introductory course] [we are making a special introductory offer of a reduced subscription]

lace

[openwork, shoelace, fasten, entwine, flavour, set upon]: [a dress trimmed in white lace] [a lace collar] [fine needlepoint laces] [his generals were covered with gold lace] [brown shoes with laces]

serpent

[ophidian, snake]: [fire-breathing, flying serpents]

antonym

[opposite, opposite word]:

persecute

[oppress, harass]: [his followers were persecuted by the authorities] [Hilda was persecuted by some of the other girls]

mirage

[optical illusion]: [the surface of the road ahead rippled in the heat mirages] [the hope of sanctuary initially proved a mirage]

visual

[optical, visible]: [visual perception] [the music should fit the visuals] [colour visuals of today's models]

optimal

[optimum]: [seeking the optimal solution]

orchid

[orchidaceous plant]:

command

[order, be in charge of, receive, order, authority, knowledge]: [a gruff voice commanded us to enter] ['Stop arguing!' he commanded] [he commanded that work should cease] [my mother commands my presence] [he commanded a Hurricane squadron]

source

[origin, spring, reference]: [mackerel is a good source of fish oil] [the source of the Nile] [military sources announced a reduction in strategic nuclear weapons] [a historian will need to use both primary and secondary sources] [major sources and sinks exist for atmospheric oxygen]

exterior

[outer, outside]: [exterior and interior walls] [exterior noise] [exterior locations] [a jar with floral designs on the exterior] [the museum has a modern exterior]

surface

[outside, worktop, outward appearance, at first glance, superficial, come to the surface, emerge, get up]: [the earth's surface] [poor road surfaces] [roll out the dough on a floured surface] [the surface area of a cube] [fish floating on the surface of the water]

intemperance

[overindulgence, drinking]: [his occasional intemperance of tone] [a warning about female intemperance]

overseas

[oversea]: [he spent quite a lot of time working overseas] [overseas trips]

foreign

[overseas, unfamiliar, irrelevant]: [foreign currency] [a man with a foreign accent] [foreign policy] [a visit to a foreign clan] [the quotation is a foreign element imported into the work]

step

[pace, footstep, gait, short distance, stair, steps, doorstep, rung, course of action, take action, advance, stage, walk, tread, in accord, at odds, be careful, one step at a time, hurry up, resign, intervene, increase, speed up]: [Ron took a step back] [she turned and retraced her steps] [Richard came a couple of steps nearer] [she left the room with a springy step] [the market is only a short step from the lake]

forgive

[pardon, excuse]: [I'll never forgive David for the way he treated her] [I was willing to forgive all her faults for the sake of our friendship] [he had never found it easy to forgive and forget] [he proposed that their debts should be forgiven] [you will have to forgive my suspicious mind]

infatuation

[passion for]: [he had developed an infatuation with the girl] [I hope this is merely a passing infatuation] [the thrill of infatuation]

hesitate

[pause, be reluctant]: [she hesitated, unsure of what to say] [one hesitates over publicizing these things] [he hesitated to spoil the mood by being inquisitive]

hesitation

[pausing, uncertainty, reluctance]: [she answered without hesitation] [I have no hesitation in recommending him]

pedal

[pedal point]: [a brake pedal] [they pedalled along the canal towpath] [she was pedalling a bicycle around town] [he was coming down the path on his bike, pedalling hard] [Chopin gave no indications of pedalling in his manuscript]

petulance

[peevishness]: [a slight degree of petulance had crept into his voice]

pseudonym

[pen name]: [I wrote under the pseudonym of Evelyn Hervey]

folk

[people, relatives]: [her parents were country folk] [an old folks' home] [meanwhile folks, why not relax and enjoy the atmosphere?] [his folks still live here] [a mixture of folk and reggae]

puzzle

[perplex, perplexed, think hard about, work out, enigma]: [she was puzzled by the doctor's manner] [she was still puzzling over this problem when she reached the office] [she was trying to puzzle out who the speakers were] [those who solve this puzzle in the shortest time are eligible for awards] [a book with picture puzzles]

persist

[persevere, continue]: [the minority of drivers who persist in drinking] [we are persisting with policies that will create jobs for the future] [if the symptoms persist for more than a few days, then contact your doctor]

harass

[pester, harry]: [if someone is being harassed at work because of their sexuality they should contact the police] [the squadron's task was to harass the retreating enemy forces]

wording

[phrasing]: [the standard form of wording for a consent letter]

illustration

[picture, exemplification]: [an illustration of a yacht] [by way of illustration, I refer to the following case] [this accident is a graphic illustration of the disaster that's waiting to happen]

tableau

[picture, pageant]: [in the first act the action is presented in a series of tableaux]

photograph

[picture, take someone's picture/photo]: [a photograph of her father] [she has photographed all of the major ballet companies worldwide] [he was commissioned to photograph in the Crimea during the war] [that cityscape photographs well]

snippet

[piece]: [snippets of information about the war]

capsule

[pill, cover, seed case]: [he showed us the cylinder of the gun filled with six plastic capsules] [a capsule review of the movie] [a capsule wardrobe]

tack

[pin, approach, heading, pin, stitch, attach, change course]: [tacks held the remaining rags of carpet to the floor] [here are some tacks—put up a notice] [as she could not stop him going she tried another tack and insisted on going with him] [the brig bowled past on the opposite tack] [it's a shame to see a yacht drop her sails and start the diesel just because she has to make a few short tacks]

nail

[pin, fingernail, fasten, catch, expose, callous, immediately]: [don't try and hammer nails into the ceiling joists] [a masonry nail] [she began to bite her nails] [a pair of nail clippers] [the clicking of a dog's nails on a wooden floor]

apron

[pinafore]: [a striped butcher's apron] [I reached into my apron pocket] [a tiny apron of garden] [the pilot was instructed to park on the main apron] [apron feeders bring coarse ore to a grinding mill]

salmon

[pink-orange, pinkish-orange]: [cotton checked throw in cream and salmon pink] [ceanothus-clad walls of salmon brick]

devoutly

[piously]: [they passed a man praying devoutly beside a roadside shrine] [let us devoutly hope that Morris is correct] [he devoutly believes that he is rescuing these children from savagery]

sympathize

[pity, console, empathize with, agree]: [it is easy to understand and sympathize with his predicament] [they sympathize with critiques of traditional theory]

drama

[play, acting, incident]: [a gritty urban drama about growing up in Harlem] [Renaissance drama] [teachers who use drama are working in partnership with pupils] [drama school] [a hostage drama]

locality

[position, vicinity]: [the rock's size and locality] [she had few friends in the locality] [a working-class locality]

stake

[post, prop up, mark off, assert, observe, bet, share, prize money, competition, bet]: [Bishop Ridley was burned at the stake] [the gladioli were staked in gaudy ranks] [vigorous plants need staking] [the boundary between the two manors was properly staked out] [Elena was staking out a role for herself as a formidable political force]

stance

[posture, attitude]: [she altered her stance, resting all her weight on one leg] [the party is changing its stance on Europe]

pound

[pound sterling, beat, beat against, bombard, throb, walk/run heavily, crush, enclosure]: [simply think of your budget and a pound to a penny we'll have the car to suit it] [Patrick pounded the couch with his fists] [pounding on the door, she shouted at the top of her voice] [her heart was pounding] [I heard him pounding along the gangway]

deprivation

[poverty, dispossession]: [low wages mean that 3.75 million people suffer serious deprivation] [rural households could escape the worst deprivations of the towns] [sleep deprivation]

granulate

[powder]: [granulated sugar] [the syrup would not granulate properly] [the skin is densely granulated]

feasible

[practicable]: [the Dutch have demonstrated that it is perfectly feasible to live below sea level] [the most feasible explanation]

laudable

[praiseworthy]: [laudable though the aim might be, the results have been criticized]

steep

[precipitous, sharp, expensive, marinade, soak, imbue with]: [she pushed the bike up the steep hill] [the steep rise in unemployment] [a steep membership fee] [this is a rather steep statement] [hair-raising steeps]

prehistory

[prehistoric culture]: [myths that stretch back into prehistory] [the prehistory of capitalism]

prelacy

[prelature]:

preliminary

[preparatory, qualifying, prelude, introduction, in preparation for]: [a preliminary draft] [the discussions were seen as preliminary to the policy paper] [the bombardment was resumed as a preliminary to an infantry attack] [she began speaking, without preliminaries]

ready

[prepared, completed, willing, about to, prompt, clever, in position, prepare]: [are you ready, Carrie?] [I got ready for bed] [she was about ready to leave] [dinner's ready!] [could you have the list ready by this afternoon?]

output

[production]: [output from the mine ceased in May] [efficiency can lead to higher outputs] [the output of certain hormones under stress] [high voltage output: 50-250 amps] [you can output the image directly to a video recording system]

prolific

[productive, plentiful]: [in captivity tigers are prolific breeders] [he was a prolific composer of operas] [a prolific goalscorer] [mahogany was once prolific in the tropical forests] [the prolific rivers around Galway]

sacrilegious

[profane]: [a sacrilegious act] [it seems sacrilegious to say this, but it's really not that great a film]

extravagance

[profligacy, luxury, ornateness, excessiveness]: [his reckless extravagance with other people's money] [salmon trout is an unnecessary extravagance] [the extravagance of the decor]

ban

[prohibit, exclude, prohibition, exclusion]: [parking is banned around the harbour in summer] [her son was banned for life from the Centre] [a proposed ban on cigarette advertising] [a three-year driving ban] [a ban on dangerous jet-ski riders]

swear

[promise, insist, invoke, curse, bad language, express confidence in, install, renounce]: [Maria made me swear I would never tell anyone] [I swear by all I hold dear that I had nothing to do with it] ['Never again,' she swore, 'will I be short of money'] [they were reluctant to swear allegiance] [he forced them to swear an oath of loyalty to him]

elevation

[promotion, altitude, height, side]: [her sudden elevation to the cabinet] [diabetics have been found to have more pronounced elevation of systolic blood pressure] [a prayer recommended for lay people at the elevation of the Host] [the area has a topography that ranges from 1,500 to 3,000 metres in elevation] [an elevation of 300 metres]

decent

[proper, satisfactory, honourable]: [a decent clean-living individual] [they would meet again after a decent interval] [a decent high-necked dress] ['Hello, miss? Are you decent?'] [people need decent homes]

estate

[property, area, assets, plantation, state]: [in his will, he divided his estate between his wife and daughter] [large coffee estates] [L'Ormarin's wine estate] [the unions are no longer an estate of the realm] [the spiritual welfare of all estates of men]

penalty

[punishment, fine, disadvantage]: [the charge carries a maximum penalty of ten years' imprisonment] [she only incurred 6.40 penalties for time on cross-country] [a penalty corner] [the cold never leaves my bones these days—one of the penalties of age] [he ordered enterprises to fulfil contracts under penalty of strict fines]

thoroughbred

[pure-bred, top-quality]: [some riders will only buy thoroughbred horses] [this thoroughbred car affords the luxury of three spoilers] [this is a real thoroughbred of a record]

purl

[purl stitch]: [a purl stitch] [knit one, purl one] [large stones stood blackly in the water, making it purl as it rolled around them] [it was quiet except for the liquid purl of the fountain]

jolt

[push, jar, startle, bump, bump, start, fright, shock]: [a surge in the crowd behind him jolted him forwards] [she tried to jolt him out of his depression] [the train jolted into motion] [he felt a jolt when the plane started to climb] [that information gave her a severe jolt]

postulate

[put forward]: [his theory postulated a rotatory movement for hurricanes] [she postulated that the environmentalists might have a case] [the chapter was then allowed to postulate the bishop of Bath] [perhaps the postulate of Babylonian influence on Greek astronomy is incorrect]

insert

[put, enter, enclosure]: [Claudia inserted her key in the lock] [he immediately inserted a clause into later contracts] [the viral DNA is inserted into the host genome] [the muscle that raises the wing is inserted on the dorsal surface of the humerus]

morass

[quagmire, confusion]: [in midwinter the track beneath this bridge became a muddy morass] [she would become lost in a morass of lies and explanations]

seditious

[rabble-rousing, revolutionary]: [the letter was declared seditious]

genocide

[racial killing]: [a campaign of genocide] [news of genocides went unreported]

glow

[radiate heat, shine, flush, radiate, radiance, flush, happiness]: [the tips of their cigarettes glowed in the dark] [a fluorescent screen glowed a faint green colour] [he was glowing with health] [Katy always glowed when he praised her] [the setting sun cast a deep red glow over the city]

foray

[raid]: [the garrison made a foray against Richard's camp] [my first foray into journalism] [the place into which they were forbidden to foray]

resurrection

[raising from the dead, revival]: [the story of the resurrection of Osiris] [the resurrection of the country under a charismatic leader]

domain

[realm, field]: [the French domains of the Plantagenets] [the country's isolation in the domain of sport]

revolt

[rebel, disgust, rebellion]: [the Iceni revolted and had to be suppressed] [voters may revolt when they realize the cost of the measures] [the emperor was leading an expedition against the revolted Bretons] [he was revolted by the stench that greeted him] ['tis just the main assumption reason most revolts at]

reprimand

[rebuke, rebuke]: [the golfer received a reprimand for a breach of rules] [officials were reprimanded for poor work]

retake

[recapture]: [Dawn had to retake her driving test] [in 799 the Moors retook Barcelona] [doing some 0-level retakes at further education college] [the takes and retakes went on until the director lost his temper]

formula

[recipe, preparation, form of words]: [the formula for the capacitance of a spherical capacitor] [the forlorn hope of finding a peace formula] [a blend of fifteen whiskies compiled to a secret formula] [an original coal tar formula that helps prevent dandruff] [she put two bottles of formula in the fridge]

compensate

[recompense, make amends, balance]: [payments were made to farmers to compensate them for cuts in subsidies] [he will be richly compensated for his efforts] [the manager is hoping for victory to compensate for the team's dismal league campaign] [the output voltage rises, compensating for the original fall]

revise

[reconsider, amend, go over]: [he had cause to revise his opinion a moment after expressing it] [the book was published in 1960 and revised in 1968] [a revised edition] [the revised finance and administrative groups] [students frantically revising for exams]

note

[record, minutes, annotation, message, banknote, notes, tone, bear in mind, mention, write down, attention, distinction]: [I'll make a note in my diary] [lecture notes] [see note iv above] [I left her a note explaining where I was going] [you need a sick note from your doctor]

crimson

[red, violent]: [she blushed crimson with embarrassment] [a pair of corduroy trousers in livid crimson, they were horrid to behold] [my face crimsoned and my hands began to shake]

discount

[reduction, deduct, reduce, mark down, disregard]: [rail commuters get a discount on season tickets] [we introduced a standard level of discount for everyone] [a product may carry a price which cannot easily be discounted] [one shop has discounted children's trainers] [the bill will be discounted, sold for a sum less than its maturity value]

restriction

[reduction, limitation]: [planning restrictions on commercial development] [the restriction of local government power]

testimonial

[reference, tribute]: [a testimonial match]

replenish

[refill, stock up]: [he replenished Justin's glass with mineral water] [all creatures need sleep to replenish their energies]

involuntary

[reflex, compulsory]: [she gave an involuntary shudder] [a policy of involuntary repatriation]

rubbish

[refuse, nonsense]: [householders may be charged for the removal of non-recyclable rubbish] [she had to sift through the rubbish in every drawer] [critics said their work was a load of rubbish] [some MPs yelled 'Rubbish!'] [he rubbished the idea of a European Community-wide carbon tax]

rebut

[refute]: [he had to rebut charges of acting for the convenience of his political friends] [but he ... their sharp assault right boldly did rebut]

regimen

[regime]: [a regimen of one or two injections per day]

authoritative

[reliable, definitive, self-assured]: [clear, authoritative information and advice] [an authoritative source] [this is likely to become the authoritative study of the subject] [his voice was calm and authoritative] [authoritative directives]

remains

[remainder, antiquities, corpse]: [the remains of a sandwich lunch were on the table] [Roman remains] [he left instructions regarding the disposal of his remains]

residual

[remaining, lingering]: [the withdrawal of residual occupying forces] [residual income after tax and mortgage payments] [residual stenosis] [the Keynesian component is clearly a residual which is arrived at by subtracting the natural and classical components from overall unemployment] [the eroded residuals of reefs built in relation to earlier, higher sea levels]

recall

[remember, bring to mind, summon back, revoke, recollection, summoning back, revocation]: [I can still vaguely recall being taken to the hospital] [he recalled how he felt at the time] [the film's analysis of contemporary concerns recalls The Big Chill] [the smell of a blackcurrant bush has ever since recalled to me that evening] [students can recall templates or stored formats]

resurgent

[renascent]: [resurgent nationalism]

refurbish

[renovate]: [the premises have been completely refurbished in our corporate style]

aftermath

[repercussions]: [food prices soared in the aftermath of the drought]

repertory

[repertoire]: [a repertory actor] [his long apprenticeship in repertory was as satisfying as what he is doing now] [regional repertories and touring companies] [a fair conspectus of Ferrier's repertory has been preserved for posterity] [most countries produce several periodical repertories of useful information]

allegedly

[reportedly]: [he was allegedly a leading participant in the coup attempt] [allegedly obscene material]

admonition

[reprimand, exhortation]: [he received numerous admonitions for his behaviour]

oblige

[require, do someone a favour, thankful, beholden, thank you]: [doctors are obliged by law to keep patients alive while there is a chance of recovery] [oblige me by not being sorry for yourself] [tell me what you want to know and I'll see if I can oblige] [if you can give me a few minutes of your time I'll be much obliged] [my father had obliged me to the improvement of my stock]

salvage

[rescue, retain, rescue]: [an emerald and gold cross was salvaged from the wreck] [it was the only crumb of comfort he could salvage from the ordeal] [a salvage operation was under way] [salvage taken from a ship that had sunk in the river] [surgery resulted in the salvage of damaged myocardium]

determination

[resolution, calculation, setting]: [those who succeed because of sheer grit and determination] [determination of molecular structures] [expert determination] [genetic sex determination]

enterprising

[resourceful]: [some enterprising teachers have started their own recycling programmes]

resumption

[restart]: [with peace came the resumption of foreign imports] [no decision was made for a resumption of diplomatic relations] [the resumption of royal lands] [property resumptions would be required to develop the bus routes]

rein

[restrain, freedom, exercise strict control over]: [some of the children wore leather baby reins] [a new chairperson will soon take over the reins] [he reined in his horse and waited] [with an effort, she reined back her impatience] [the government had failed to rein in public spending]

recapture

[retake]: [armed police have recaptured a prisoner who's been on the run for five days] [Edward I recaptured the castle] [Leeds failed to recapture the form which had swept them to the title] [the programmes give viewers a chance to recapture their own childhoods] [the recapture of the harbour of Bahia]

recede

[retreat, diminish]: [the floodwaters had receded] [his footsteps receded down the corridor] [a slightly receding chin] [he felt no inclination to recede from the agreement into which he had entered] [the prospects of an early end to the war receded]

revert

[return, be returned]: [he reverted to his native language] [he ignored her words by reverting to the former subject] [I reverted to Islam five years ago] [it is impossible that a fishlike mammal will actually revert to being a true fish] [in the event of the building ceasing to become a school, ownership would revert to the Church]

recycle

[reuse]: [car hulks were recycled into new steel] [a call for the recycling of all paper] [the amino acids are recycled in the synthesis of other proteins] [he reserves the right to recycle his own text]

evince

[reveal]: [the news stories evinced the usual mixture of sympathy and satisfaction]

telltale

[revealing]: [the telltale bulge of a concealed weapon]

disclosure

[revelation, publishing]: [a judge ordered the disclosure of the government documents] [the government's disclosures about missile programmes]

vengeance

[revenge, vigorously]: [voters are ready to wreak vengeance on all politicians] [her headache was back with a vengeance]

reversion

[reversal, reverse, turnabout, turnaround]: [there was some reversion to polytheism] [a reversion to the two-party system] [a problem applicable to most variegated plants is that of reversion] [the reversion of property] [parties buying and selling leases and reversions]

regress

[revert, deteriorate]: [they would not regress to pre-technological tribalism] [she claims to be able to regress to the Roman era] [I regressed Sylvia to early childhood] [a model in which C and Y are regressed on the same variables] [the regress is a return to Puritan values]

rejuvenate

[revive]: [a bid to rejuvenate the town centre] [the rejuvenating effects of therapeutic clay] [a rejuvenated stream]

rotate

[revolve, alternate]: [the wheel continued to rotate] [a rotating drum] [the small directional side rockets rotated the craft] [the job of chairing the meeting rotates] [these crops were sometimes rotated with grass]

farcical

[ridiculous, madcap]: [he considered the whole idea farcical] [a farcical situation]

rectitude

[righteousness]: [Mattie is a model of rectitude]

bypass

[ring road, go round, avoid]: [I had a bypass last year so have been building up my strength] [he's just had a triple bypass operation] [bypass the farm and continue to the road] [the town has been bypassed] [a manager might bypass formal channels of communication]

circle

[ring, group, sphere, wheel, go round, orbit, surround]: [draw a circle with a compass] [the lamp spread a circle of light] [they all sat round in a circle] [she was pale and rather beautiful, with dark circles around deep, exhausted eyes] [she sat in the front row of the circle]

hardy

[robust]: [a hardy breed of cattle] [a favourite flowering shrub for early spring, vigorous and hardy]

wobble

[rock, teeter, tremble, waver, hesitate, unsteady movement, tremor]: [the table wobbles where the leg is too short] [enthusiastic thumping may wobble the lectern] [they wobble around on their bikes] [her voice wobbled dangerously, but she brought it under control] [he is beginning to wobble on the issue]

scoundrel

[rogue]: [that scoundrel sets a bad example for the other young men]

hoarse

[rough]: [a hoarse whisper]

choppy

[rough]: [sea conditions are often very choppy] [heavy, choppy seas] [the choppy, electronic beat of hip-hop] [a choppy bob]

estimate

[roughly calculate, consider, evaluation]: [the aim is to estimate the effects of macroeconomic policy on the economy] [it is estimated that smoking causes 100,000 premature deaths every year] [an estimated cost of $1,000 million] [at a rough estimate, staff are recycling a quarter of paper used] [compare costs by getting estimates from at least two firms]

royalty

[royal family, royal house, royal line]: [diplomats, heads of state, and royalty shared tables at the banquet] [she swept by as if she were royalty] [the brilliance of her clothes, her jewels, all revealed her royalty] [it's not often you meet real Hollywood royalty, let alone chat to Angelina Jolie and Dustin Hoffman in one day] [the royalties paid to writers for recorded music]

govern

[rule, determine, control]: [he was incapable of governing the country] [the governing coalition] [the future of Jamaica will be governed by geography not history] [he does not have the ability to govern himself or others successfully] [the Latin preposition 'cum' governs nouns in the ablative]

delve

[rummage (about/around/round) in, investigate]: [she delved in her pocket] [the society is determined to delve deeper into the matter] [when Adam delved and Eve span, who was then the gentleman?] [the approach from the surface above had awed her, so hugely delved were the tunnels]

flee

[run, run away from]: [to escape the fighting, his family fled from their village] [he was forced to flee the country]

pastoral

[rural, priestly]: [scattered pastoral farms] [the view was pastoral, with rolling fields and grazing sheep] [pastoral and doctrinal issues] [clergy doing pastoral work] [the pastoral care of boarders]

bustle

[rush, hustle, busy, activity]: [people clutching clipboards bustled about] [she bustled us into the kitchen] [the streets bustled with people] [the bustling little town] [all the noise and the traffic and the bustle]

mariner

[sailor]: [the intrepid mariners of yesteryear set out to discover new worlds]

saline

[saline solution]: [saline alluvial soils] [I was having a saline transfusion day and night]

stroll

[saunter, saunter]: [I strolled around the city] [the horse strolled home by 12 lengths] [we took a stroll in the garden]

maxim

[saying]: [the maxim that actions speak louder than words]

agnostic

[sceptic, sceptical]: [until now I've been fairly agnostic about electoral reform] [many common file formats (JPEG, MP3, etc.) are platform-agnostic] [our industry is moving towards a device-agnostic model]

proposal

[scheme, putting forward]: [a set of proposals for a major new high-speed rail link] [the proposal of a flexible school-leaving age] [surely a woman as beautiful as you has had proposals?]

logic

[science of reasoning, reason, reasoning]: [experience is a better guide to this than deductive logic] [the logic of the argument is faulty] [Aristotelian logic] [there seemed to be a lack of logic in his remarks] [the logic of private competition was to replace small firms by larger firms]

frown

[scowl, disapprove of, scowl]: [he frowned as he reread the letter] [promiscuity was frowned upon] [a frown of disapproval]

scour

[scrub, search]: [she scoured the cooker] [I was scouring out the pans] [use an electric toothbrush to scour off plaque] [a stream came crashing through a narrow cavern to scour out a round pool below] [he went out to deal with piglets who were scouring]

bust

[sculpture, break, raid, fail]: [a 36-inch bust] [a woman with big hips and a big bust] [they bust the tunnel wide open] [the film bust every box office record] [the colour control had bust]

rummage

[search (through)]: [he rummaged in his pocket for a handkerchief] [he rummaged the drawer for his false teeth] [Mick rummaged up his skateboard] [our brief was to rummage as many of the vessels as possible] [open up the box and have a rummage around]

pepper

[season, sprinkle, bombard]: [season to taste with salt and pepper] [he liked to play pepper] [peppered beef] [the script is peppered with four-letter words] [another burst of enemy bullets peppered his defenceless body]

privacy

[seclusion]: [she returned to the privacy of her own home] [a law to restrict newspapers' freedom to invade people's privacy]

cult

[sect, obsession with, craze]: [the cult of St Olaf] [a network of Satan-worshipping cults] [the cult of the pursuit of money as an end in itself] [the series has become a bit of a cult in the UK] [a cult film]

demarcation

[separation, boundary]: [the demarcation of the maritime border] [a horizontal band that produces a distinct demarcation two inches from the top] [the demarcation between teachers and learners] [strikes over job demarcation]

respectively

[severally]: [they received sentences of one year and eight months respectively]

acute

[severe, stabbing, severe, astute, keen]: [an acute housing shortage] [the problem is acute and getting worse] [acute appendicitis] [an acute ward] [acute patients]

tremble

[shake, be afraid, shake, tremor]: [Isobel was trembling with excitement] [I tremble to think that we could ever return to conditions like these] [the earth trembled beneath their feet] [there was a slight tremble in his voice]

amorphous

[shapeless]: [an amorphous, characterless conurbation] [an amorphous and leaderless legislature] [an amorphous polymer]

precipitously

[sharply]: [off the coast, the depth of the sea floor drops precipitously] [a wall collapsed, causing the floors above to slope precipitously] [sales dropped precipitously] [savings rates have fallen precipitously] [several columnists criticized the government for acting precipitously]

pod

[shell]: [gorse pods were popping in the sun] [chalk-rich pods of glaciofluvial sands and gravels] [the torpedo's sensor pod] [the peas have failed to pod] [our friends would pick and pod the peas and beans]

lee

[shelter]: [ducks were taking shelter on the lee of the island] [he went round the front of the cab to be out of the wind and lit a cigarette in its lee]

sift

[sieve, search through, separate out]: [sift the flour into a large bowl] [Miranda sifted the warm sand through her fingers] [ash began to sift down round them] [until we sift the evidence ourselves, we can't comment objectively] [the fourth stage involves sifting through the data and evaluating it]

hush

[silence, fall silent, keep secret, silence]: [he placed a finger before pursed lips to hush her] [Hush! Someone will hear you] [management took steps to hush up the dangers] [a hush descended over the crowd]

inane

[silly]: [don't badger people with inane questions]

comparable

[similar, as good as]: [the situation in Holland is comparable to that in England] [nobody is comparable with this athlete]

feign

[simulate, pretend, pretended]: [she feigned nervousness]

sag

[sink, subside, curve down, drooping, falter, decline]: [she let her head sag lower and lower] [the bed sagged in the middle] [sagging shelves bearing rusty paint tins] [stockings which sagged at the knees] [exports are forging ahead while home sales sag]

sinuosity

[sinuousness]:

sisterhood

[sistership]: [much of sisterhood is about sharing lipsticks] [Canadian feminists acknowledge their sisterhood with women around the globe] [the Anglicans set up Sisterhoods all over England] [they've accused me of letting down the Sisterhood]

draw

[sketch, pull, move, close, pull out, drain, call on, withdraw, breathe in, attract, deduce, raffle, tie, attraction, get/persuade/encourage someone to talk, prolong, stop, compose, arrange]: [he drew a map] [I asked her to draw me] [you're at art college, you must be able to draw] [she drew a wavering line down the board] [a cart drawn by two horses]

skew

[skewed]: [his hat looked slightly skew] [a skew angle] [the paper had a working-class skew] [the car had skewed across the track] [he skewed around in his saddle]

technique

[skill, method]: [new surgical techniques mean a shorter hospital stay] [the techniques used by Turner, Rembrandt, and Degas] [he has excellent technique] [an established athlete with a very good technique] [tape recording is a good technique for evaluating our own communications]

virtuosity

[skill]: [a performance of considerable virtuosity]

flay

[skin, criticize]: [the captured general was flayed alive] [she flayed the white skin from the flesh] [he flayed them viciously with a branch] [he flayed the government for not moving fast enough on economic reform]

enthusiastically

[sky-high]: [the report was enthusiastically welcomed by all groups] [the audience applauded enthusiastically]

somnolent

[sleepy, quiet]: [a somnolent summer day]

slim

[slender, narrow, slight, lose weight, reduce]: [her slim figure] [the girls were tall and slim] [a slim gold band encircled her wrist] [a pair of slim, immaculately cut trousers] [companies will extract all possible productivity gains from their slimmer workforces before adding people]

glib

[slick]: [the glib phrases soon roll off the tongue]

gradient

[slope, steepness]: [fail-safe brakes for use on steep gradients] [the path becomes very rough as the gradient increases]

sluggard

[slug]: [I'm waiting for those sluggards to bring my steak]

shatter

[smash, destroy, devastate, devastating]: [bullets riddled the bar top, glasses shattered, bottles exploded] [the window was shattered by a stone] [the crisis will shatter their confidence] [everyone was shattered by the news]

snappish

[snappy]: [she was often snappish with the children]

drench

[soak]: [I fell in the stream and was drenched] [cool patios drenched in flowers] [three-times-a-year drenching for calves] [a worming drench] [a drench of sack]

epithet

[sobriquet]: [old men are often unfairly awarded the epithet 'dirty'] [the woman begins to hurl racial epithets at them]

monologue

[soliloquy]: [he was reciting some of the great monologues of Shakespeare] [he had a long and exacting monologue at the end of the film] [Fred carried on with his monologue as if I hadn't spoken]

elsewhere

[somewhere else]: [he is seeking employment elsewhere] [all Hawaiian plants originally came from elsewhere]

regretful

[sorry, sad]: [he sounded regretful but pointed out that he had committed himself]

version

[sort, edition, report]: [a revised version of the paper was produced for a later meeting] [they make yachts in both standard and master versions] [the English version will be published next year] [a film version of a wonderfully funny cult novel] [he told her his version of events]

validity

[soundness, legal acceptability]: [one might question the validity of our data] [return travel must be within the validity of the ticket]

paroxysm

[spasm]: [a paroxysm of weeping] [paroxysms of ataxia and shaking]

extravagant

[spendthrift, expensive, exorbitant, excessive, ornate]: [it was rather extravagant to buy both] [extravagant gifts like computer games] [extravagant claims about the merchandise]

vibrant

[spirited, vivid, resonant, quivering]: [a vibrant cosmopolitan city] [a huge room decorated in vibrant blues and greens] [his vibrant voice] [Rose was vibrant with anger]

medium

[spiritualist, middle way, average]: [using the latest technology as a medium for job creation] [their primitive valuables acted as a medium of exchange] [here the Welsh language is the medium of instruction] [radio communication needs no physical medium between the two stations] [these cells are grown in a nutrient-rich medium]

underwrite

[sponsor]: [the policy, underwritten at Lloyd's, indemnifies trustees against loss arising from wrongful acts] [the individuals whose assets support underwriting at Lloyd's] [the insurance companies have underwritten just over half the risk] [the purchase is being paid for by a share issue, which has been underwritten] [they were willing to underwrite, in part, the construction of a ship]

permanence

[stability]: [the clarity and permanence of the dyes]

arena

[stadium, area]: [he has re-entered the political arena]

stagy

[stagey]: [a stagy melodramatic voice]

gaze

[stare, stare]: [he could only gaze at her in astonishment] [he turned, following her gaze] [offices screened from the public gaze] [the male gaze]

famish

[starve]: [they had famished the city into surrender]

specify

[state]: [the coup leader promised an election but did not specify a date] [the agency failed to specify that the workers were not their employees] [naval architects specified circular portholes]

specification

[statement, instructions]: [give a full specification of the job advertised] [there was no clear specification of objectives] [one of the telescope's mirrors had been manufactured to incorrect specifications] [everything was built to a higher specification]

terminus

[station]: [the exhibition's terminus is 1962]

attendant

[steward, escort, accompanying]: [a cloakroom attendant] [a mosaic of the Empress Theodora with her attendants] [he had become a regular attendant at chapel] [the sea and its attendant attractions] [a child in a pram with attendant nursemaid]

overhang

[stick out (over)]: [a concrete path overhung by jacaranda trees] [overhanging branches] [he crouched beneath an overhang of bushes]

protrude

[stick out, sticking out]: [something like a fin protruded from the water] [when attacking, it protrudes its long snout]

adhere

[stick, abide by, be attached to]: [paint won't adhere well to a greasy surface] [I do not adhere to any organized religion] [the account adhered firmly to fact]

filter

[strainer, sieve]: [an oil filter] [a cheap filter cigarette] [filters can be used in photography to reduce haze] [a filter lane] [the eye filters out ultraviolet radiation]

coffer

[strongbox, fund]: [a battered leather coffer sealed with a waxen crest] [there is not enough money in the coffers to finance the reforms]

victory

[success]: [an election victory] [they won their heat and went on to victory in the final] [a victory celebration]

effectiveness

[success]: [the effectiveness of the treatment]

provision

[supplying, preparations, facilities, supplies, term]: [new contracts for the provision of services] [farmers have been slow to make provision for their retirement] [changing levels of transport provision] [the first private prosecution under the provisions of the 1989 Water Act] [civilian contractors were responsible for provisioning these armies]

purportedly

[supposedly]: [the photos purportedly show Nina with a lover] [a purportedly independent arbitrator]

repress

[suppress, oppress, restrain]: [the uprisings were repressed] [Isabel couldn't repress a sharp cry of fear] [the thought that he had killed his brother was so terrible that he repressed it]

superficial

[surface, apparent, cursory, shallow, facile]: [the building suffered only superficial damage] [the superficial muscle groups] [the resemblance between the breeds is superficial] [he had only the most superficial knowledge of foreign countries] [perhaps I was a superficial person]

ambush

[surprise attack, trap, attack by surprise]: [seven members of a patrol were killed in an ambush] [there might be terrorists waiting in ambush] [they were ambushed and taken prisoner by the enemy] [Tory representatives were ambushed by camera crews]

forfeit

[surrender, penalty]: [those unable to meet their taxes were liable to forfeit their estates] [she didn't mind forfeiting an hour in bed to muck out the horses] [the loser must pay a forfeit] [his possessions were declared forfeit]

wrap

[swathe, parcel up, shawl, secret, dress warmly, be quiet, conclude]: [he wrapped up the Christmas presents] [Leonora wrapped herself in a large white bath towel] [wrap the bandage around the injured limb] [he wrapped an arm around her waist] [she wrapped him in her arms]

perspire

[sweat]: [Will was perspiring heavily]

inflammation

[swelling]: [steroid injections can have a dramatic effect in reducing inflammation and relieving pain] [chronic inflammation of the nasal cavities]

deceive

[swindle, be unfaithful to]: [I didn't intend to deceive people into thinking it was French champagne] [the area may seem to offer nothing of interest, but don't be deceived] [it was no use deceiving herself any longer—she loved him with all her heart] [he had deceived her with another woman]

swinging

[swing, vacillation]: [a swinging resort] [the Swinging Sixties]

toady

[sycophant, be obsequious towards]: [she imagined him toadying to his rich clients]

unctuous

[sycophantic, oily]: [he seemed anxious to please but not in an unctuous way]

syneresis

[synaeresis]:

synchronism

[synchroneity, synchronicity, synchronisation, synchronization, synchronizing, synchrony]:

summary

[synopsis, abridged, immediate]: [a summary of Chapter Three] [summary financial statements] [summary arrest] [in summary, there is no clear case for one tax system compared to another]

standardize

[systematize]: [in quoting from the letters, I have standardized the spelling and punctuation] [we could standardize on US equipment]

extract

[take out, squeeze out, wrest, excerpt, derive, excerpt, excerpts, decoction]: [the fossils are extracted from the chalk] [lead was extracted from the copper] [I won't let you go without trying to extract a promise from you] [the table is extracted from the report] [there are few attempts to extract generalities about the nature of the disciplines]

measure

[take the measurements of, survey, mark off, pour out, choose carefully, compare with, come up to standard, achieve, evaluate, action, statute, system, portion, ruler, tape measure, certain amount, yardstick, metre, dance, immensely, as a bonus, evaluate]: [the amount of water collected is measured in pints] [measuring instruments] [the fabric measures 137 cm wide] [he will be measured for his team blazer next week] [she helped to measure out the ingredients]

prosecute

[take to court, pursue]: [they were prosecuted for obstructing the highway] [the company didn't prosecute because of his age] [the state's attorney's office seemed to decide that this was a case worth prosecuting] [a serious threat to the government's ability to prosecute the war] [I am waiting for permission to prosecute my craft]

converse

[talk, opposite, opposite]: [she was withdrawn and preoccupied, hardly able to converse with her mother] [his converse at such seasons was always elevating] [it will be difficult in these converses not to talk of secular matter] [if spirituality is properly political, the converse is also true: politics is properly spiritual] [the only mode of change will be the slow process of growth and the converse process of decay]

levy

[tax, levies, imposition]: [a tax of two per cent was levied on all cargoes] [there will be powers to levy the owner] [there were no goods to levy upon] [he sought to levy one man from each vill for service] [they then proceeded without further ceremony to levy war upon the king]

tantalize

[tease]: [such ambitious questions have long tantalized the world's best thinkers] [she still tantalized him] [the tantalizing fragrance of fried bacon]

telephony

[telephone]: [telephony and data transmission] [mobile telephony]

disposition

[temperament, inclination, arrangement, distribution, at the disposal of]: [a sweet-natured girl of a placid disposition] [he has the disposition of a saint] [the Prime Minister has shown a disposition to alter policies] [the judge's disposition to clemency] [the plan shows the disposition of the rooms]

abstemious

[temperate, temperance]: ['We only had a bottle.' 'Very abstemious of you.']

impermanent

[temporary]: [life has value precisely because it is transient and impermanent]

cube

[third power]: [what is the surface area of a 2 cm cube?] [it was a rough shape, neither a cube nor a sphere] [a sugar cube] [a body increasing in weight by the cube of its length] [cube the deviations from the mean]

revolutionary

[thoroughgoing, new, rebellious, rebel]: [a revolutionary new drug] [the revolutionary army]

jeopardize

[threaten]: [a devaluation of the dollar would jeopardize New York's position as a financial centre]

frugal

[thrifty, meagre]: [I'm a bit too frugal to splash out on designer clothes] [a frugal meal]

disposal

[throwing away, distribution, arrangement, for use by]: [the disposal of radioactive waste] [consents for disposals at sea] [garbage disposals that never worked] [England's 4-0 disposal of Turkey] [the disposal of his shares in the company]

neat

[tidy, smart, well formed, skilful, clever, undiluted]: [the books had been stacked up in neat piles] [her daughter was always neat and clean] [Alan noted down the orders in his neat, precise script] [a neat bit of deduction] [this neat division does not take into account a host of associated factors]

bind

[tie, bandage, stick, unite, commit oneself, constrain, trim, nuisance, predicament]: [logs bound together with ropes] [they bound her hands and feet] [the raider then bound and gagged Mr Glenn] [her hair was bound up in a towel] [Shelley cleaned the wound and bound it up with a clean dressing]

secure

[tight, stable, certain, protected from harm/danger, fix, tie up, fasten, obtain, protect, assure]: [check to ensure that all nuts and bolts are secure] [a secure unit for young offenders] [his position as party leader was less than secure] [a more competitive economy will lead to an increase in secure employment] [no airport is totally secure]

tension

[tightness, mental/emotional strain, strained relations]: [the parachute keeps the cable under tension as it drops] [the elimination of neck tension can relieve headaches] [enormous tension can build up along the margin of the two plates and occasionally explodes into immense earthquakes] [a mind which is affected by stress or tension cannot think as clearly] [the coup followed months of tension between the military and the government]

itch

[tingling, longing, tingle, long]: [an itch to write fiction] [the bite itched like crazy] [I itched all over] [Paul was itching to get outside]

tinge

[tint, influence, tint, trace]: [a mass of white blossom tinged with pink] [towards the sun the sky was tinged crimson] [this visit will be tinged with sadness] [there was a faint pink tinge to the sky] [in their sound you'll find punky tinges and folky tinges]

heading

[title, category]: [chapter headings] [this topic falls under four main headings] [he crawled on a heading of 90 degrees until he came to the track]

sideways

[to the side, obliquely, lateral, oblique, edgewise]: [she tilted her body sideways] [he hurried towards his office without a sideways glance] [the lorry slid sideways across the road] [after the reshuffle there were sideways moves for ministers] [he came into politics sideways, as campaign manager for Ronald Reagan]

lick

[tongue, flicker, dab, speed]: [he licked the stamp and stuck it on the envelope] [the flames licked around the wood] [all right Mary, I know when I'm licked] [the Chancellor said that the government had inflation licked] [she stands tall and could lick any man in the place]

tally

[total, running total, counterpart, correspond, count]: [that takes his tally to 10 goals in 10 games] [I kept a tally of David's debt on a note above my desk] [the key is so cut as to form a tally with the interior machinery] [their signatures should tally with their names on the register] [their books never tallied]

commute

[travel to and from work, reduce, exchange]: [he commuted from Corby to Kentish Town] [the governor commuted the sentence to fifteen years' imprisonment] [tithes were commuted into an annual sum varying with the price of corn] [if he had commuted some of his pension he would have received £330,000] [operators which do not commute with each other]

fabulous

[tremendous, excellent, mythical]: [fabulous riches] [a fabulous two-week holiday] [fabulous creatures]

trap

[trick, ambush, snare, mouth, confine, get stuck, trick]: [the squirrels ravaged the saplings, despite the baited traps] [a bear trap] [police deliberately herded 400 demonstrators into a trap and then attacked and arrested them] [by keeping quiet I was walking into a trap] [they fell into the trap of relying too little on equity finance]

attempt

[try, effort]: [she attempted a comeback in 2001] [troops shot civilians who attempted to flee] [the expedition was the first to attempt Everest] [he would not have attempted the life of a friend] [an attempt to halt the bombings]

pull

[tug, pull out, strain, take out, attract, attract, tug, gulp, puff, attraction, influence, tease, tease, discontinue, manage, collaborate, regain one's composure, demolish, earn, arrest, achieve, withdraw, retreat from, stop, get better, stop, reprimand]: [he pulled her down on to the couch] [I pulled the door shut behind me] [they are pulled in incompatible directions by external factors and their own beliefs] [the little boy pulled at her skirt] [the carriage was pulled by four horses]

tutelage

[tuition, tutorship]: [the organizations remained under firm government tutelage] [he felt privileged to be under the tutelage of an experienced actor]

deflect

[turn aside/away, bounce]: [the bullet was deflected harmlessly into the ceiling] [he attempted to deflect attention away from his private life] [the ball deflected off Knight's body] [she refused to be deflected from anything she had set her mind on] [the compass needle is deflected from magnetic north by metal in the aircraft]

ossify

[turn into bone, become inflexible]: [these tracheal cartilages may ossify] [ossified political institutions]

wring

[twist, extract, rend, distress]: [she wrung the cloth out in the sink] [I wrung out the excess water] [he fervently wrung Rose's hand] [few concessions were wrung from the government] [the chicken shrieked as one of the women wrung its neck]

bent

[twisted, crooked, corrupt, intent on, inclination]: [a piece of bent wire] [a bent cop] [a missionary bent on saving souls] [a mob bent on violence] [a man of a religious bent]

representative

[typical, elected, symbolic, spokesperson, commercial traveller, Member of Parliament, delegate, deputy, example]: [Churchill was not properly representative of influential opinion in Britain] [a representative sample of young people in Scotland] [the new government lacked a representative assembly] [there was no representative body to fight for cricketers until 1968] [free elections and representative democracy]

hideous

[ugly, horrific]: [hideous lizard-like creatures] [the whole hideous story]

solo

[unaccompanied, unaccompanied]: [the opening bassoon solo is relatively bland] [Petipa often left the danseur to arrange his own brief solo] [his first ride in his aircraft would also be his first solo] [50 races—solos and sidecars—should make for a thrilling showdown] [a solo album]

indifferent

[unconcerned about, mediocre]: [he gave an indifferent shrug] [most workers were indifferent to foreign affairs] [a pair of indifferent watercolours] [in spite of very indifferent weather]

separate

[unconnected, set apart from, part, divide, disconnect, become detached, part company, split up, living separately]: [this raises two separate issues] [he regards the study of literature as quite separate from life] [a bathroom and separate toilet] [melt the white and plain chocolate in separate bowls] [police were trying to separate two rioting mobs]

eccentric

[unconventional, idiosyncratic, oddity]: [he noted her eccentric appearance] [a servo driving an eccentric cam] [he's seen as a local eccentric]

underhanded

[underarm, underhand]: [underhanded practices]

minion

[underling]: [he gets oppressed minions like me to fob them off]

puny

[undersized, weak, pitiful]: [white-faced, puny children] [the army was reduced to a puny 100,000 men]

disrobe

[undress]: [she began to disrobe] [they walked to the vestry to disrobe] [the leggy blond gets disrobed twice in the first chapter]

uncharted

[unexplored, unmapped]: [the plane landed on a previously uncharted islet] [an uncharted region of space] [the present study is a foray into uncharted territory]

injustice

[unfairness, wrong]: [she was taken aback by the injustice of Nora's remark] [brooding over life's injustices] [I see I had been doing you an injustice]

homogeneity

[uniformity]: [the cultural homogeneity of our society]

clueless

[uninformed]: [you're clueless about how to deal with the world]

maiden

[unmarried, first]: [two knights fought to win the hand of a fair maiden] [a maiden aunt] [the top-priced maiden heifer] [the Titanic's maiden voyage] [the Beckhampton Maiden Stakes]

unload

[unpack, remove, sell, discard]: [she hadn't finished unloading the car] [men were unloading sacks of olives from a tractor] [he had unloaded his depreciating stock on his unsuspecting wife] [the meeting had been a chance for her to unload some of her feelings about her son]

unprecedented

[unparalleled]: [the government took the unprecedented step of releasing confidential correspondence] [a period of unprecedentedly high prices]

illegible

[unreadable]: [his handwriting is totally illegible]

unstable

[unsteady, changeable, unbalanced]: [the unstable cliff tops] [an unstable government] [he was mentally unstable]

au courant

[up to date]: [they were au courant with the literary scene] [frocks with au courant details like ruching and asymmetrical hemlines]

empty

[vacant, containing nothing, unload, drain, deplete]: [she put down her empty cup] [the room was empty of furniture] [their promises were empty words] [her life felt empty and meaningless] [we empty the till at closing time]

worthwhile

[valuable]: [extra lighting would make a worthwhile contribution to road safety] [a worthwhile cause] [we didn't think it was worthwhile/worth while]

extinct

[vanished, inactive]: [trilobites and dinosaurs are extinct] [an extinct language] [the sort of girls' school that is now extinct] [the baronetcy became extinct] [the islands are the remains of extinct volcanoes]

inconstant

[variable, fickle]: [the exact dimensions aren't easily measured since they are inconstant] [the most inconstant man in the world]

fluctuation

[variation]: [fluctuations in the yearly values could be caused by a variety of factors] [the current fluctuation in energy prices]

upright

[vertical, honest, honourable, column]: [an upright posture] [upright stone slabs] [an upright vacuum cleaner] [an upright freezer] [an upright member of the community]

reed

[vibrating reed]: [a harvest of thatching reeds] [a reed curtain] [as if thy waves had only heard the shepherd's reed] [the jurors were mere reeds in the wind] [a bright reed of energy pierced the starship bridge]

manliness

[virility, resoluteness]: [men accustomed to proving their manliness on the streets] [the author's alleged lack of manliness]

observation

[watching, remark]: [she was brought into hospital for observation] [units kept enemy forces under observation for days] [detailed observations were carried out on the students' behaviour] [his powers of observation] [he made a telling observation about Hughie]

oasis

[watering hole, refuge]: [a country of oases and burning desert sands] [the park is an oasis of calm in the centre of the city] [cover the ball of Oasis with leaves and moss]

prosperity

[wealth]: [a long period of peace and prosperity]

meteorology

[weather forecasting]: [an induction course to learn basic meteorology] [overwintering would allow the team to investigate the island's meteorology]

valid

[well founded, correct]: [a valid criticism] [a valid contract] [the visas are valid for thirty days] [a valid password]

popular

[well liked, non-specialist, widespread, mass]: [she was one of the most popular girls in the school] [these cheeses are very popular in Europe] [editorials accusing the government of wanting to gag the popular press] [many adult cats, contrary to popular opinion, dislike milk] [a popular revolt against colonial rule]

moisture

[wetness]: [the air was constantly heavy with moisture] [in freshly felled wood the moisture content varies]

vortex

[whirlwind, whirlpool]: [we were caught in a vortex of water] [a swirling vortex of emotions]

iniquity

[wickedness, sin]: [a den of iniquity] [the iniquities of British taxation]

broaden

[widen, expand]: [her smile broadened] [the river slowed and broadened out slightly] [her interests broadened as she grew up] [he has to broaden Labour's appeal to the whole community] [they want to broaden their horizons with a change of scenery and culture]

wither

[wilt, shrivel (up), waste (away), diminish]: [the grass had withered to an unappealing brown] [withered leaves] [a girl with a withered arm] [it is not true that old myths either die or wither away] [a business that can wither the hardiest ego]

praise

[worship, approval, honour]: [we can't praise Chris enough—he did a brilliant job] [we praise God for past blessings] [the audience was full of praise for the whole production] [give praise to God] ['How is your sister?' 'On the mend, praise be.']

drape

[wrap, cover, dangle]: [she draped a shawl around her shoulders] [the body was draped in a blanket] [he draped an arm around her shoulders] [velvet drapes beautifully] [Katherine pulled back the heavy velvet drapes]

scribble

[write hurriedly, illegible handwriting]: [he took the clipboard and scribbled something illegible] [scribbled notes] [hastily he scribbled in the margin] [they scribbled, potted, and painted] [illegible scribbles]

tan

[yellowish-brown, become suntanned, thrash]: [she dressed in tan cords] [Jenna managed to get an even golden tan] [he looked tanned and fit] [you'll tan very quickly in the pure air] [they skin dead animals and tan hides]

juvenile

[young, childish, young person]: [juvenile crime] [the romantic juvenile lead] [the prey of juvenile owls] [juvenile mortality in whelks] [she's bored with my juvenile conversation]

junior

[younger, the Younger, low-ranking]: [junior tennis] [junior pupils] [his junior year in college] [John F. Kennedy Junior] [a junior minister]

fanatic

[zealot, enthusiast]: [religious fanatics] [a fitness fanatic] [his eyes had a fanatic iciness]

demarche

[]: [foreign policy démarches]

complicit

[]: [the careers of those complicit in the cover-up were blighted]

versatile

[adaptable]: [a versatile sewing machine] [he was versatile enough to play on either wing]

amaze

[astonish, amazed]: [he was amazed at how modern everything was] [she was amazed that Paul should notice her]

ungainly

[awkward, clumsy]: [an ungainly walk]

biology

[biota]: [the biology of the Chesapeake Bay] [human biology]

short-lived

[brief]: [a short-lived romance] [these benefits are likely to be short-lived]

brokerage

[brokerage house]: [a brokerage firm] [a revenue of £1,400 less a sales brokerage of £12.50]

interfering

[busy, busybodied, meddlesome, meddling, officious]: [interfering busybodies]

cupboard

[closet]: [a broom cupboard]

strife

[conflict]: [strife within the community] [decades of civil strife]

successive

[consecutive]: [they were looking for their fifth successive win]

systematically

[consistently]: [we searched systematically for evidence] [villages were systematically destroyed by bombing]

plot

[conspiracy, storyline, piece of ground, plan, conspire, mark]: [there's a plot to overthrow the government] [the plot consists almost entirely of a man and woman falling in love] [he outlined his idea for a movie plot] [a vegetable plot] [the two men are serving sentences for plotting a bomb campaign]

uniform

[constant, identical, costume]: [blocks of stone of uniform size] [a uniform package of amenities at a choice of hotels] [black uniform jackets] [airline pilots in dark blue uniforms] [an officer in uniform]

structural

[constructional]: [the blast left ten buildings with major structural damage] [there have been structural changes in the industry]

proselyte

[convert]:

lullaby

[cradle song]: [she lullabied us, she fed us]

iconoclast

[critic]:

coronet

[crown]:

fateful

[decisive, disastrous]: [a fateful oversight]

orate

[declaim]: [Hamlet thinks, speaks, orates, and acts] ['Lend me your ears,' Fred orated]

evaporation

[dehydration, desiccation, drying up]: [snow cover prevents evaporation of water from the soil] [thousands of employees witnessed the rapid evaporation of their retirement plans] [the police's attempt to dictate public policy led to a sudden evaporation of support]

omission

[deletion, leaving out, negligence]: [there are glaring omissions in the report] [the omission of recent publications from his bibliography] [to pay compensation for a wrongful act or omission]

condone

[deliberately ignore]: [the college cannot condone any behaviour that involves illicit drugs] [those arrested were released and the exhibition was officially condoned a few weeks later]

floss

[dental floss]: [milkweed floss]

descendent

[descendant]: [there are 60 descendent families] [descendent lineages]

depopulate

[desolate]: [the disease could depopulate a town the size of Bournemouth]

dejection

[despondency]: [he was slumped in deep dejection]

devastate

[destroy, shatter]: [the city was devastated by a huge earthquake] [she was devastated by the loss of Damian]

complication

[difficulty, complexity]: [there is a complication concerning ownership of the site] [to add further complication, English-speakers use a different name] [she developed complications after the surgery]

cacophony

[din]: [a cacophony of deafening alarm bells]

plenipotentiary

[diplomat]: [a minister plenipotentiary] [he went armed with plenipotentiary powers, to take whatever measures he felt necessary]

alcoholism

[dipsomania, potomania]: [he had a long history of depression, drug abuse, and alcoholism]

filth

[dirt, pornography]: [stagnant pools of filth] [some calls were vitriolic, accusing us of publishing pornography and filth] [you and all the others like you are filth]

laundry

[dirty washing, washroom]: [piles of dirty laundry] [cooking and laundry were undertaken by domestic staff] [the pathology department was in the hospital basement, next to the laundry] [lots of people send their sheets to a laundry these days] [a laundry van]

squalid

[dirty, improper, sordid]: [the squalid, overcrowded prison] [a squalid attempt to save themselves from electoral embarrassment]

invalid

[disable, void, false]: [she spent the rest of her life as an invalid] [her invalid husband] [he was badly wounded and invalided out of the infantry] [an officer invalided by a chest wound] [the vote was declared invalid due to a technicality]

override

[disallow, disregard, outweigh]: [the courts will ultimately override any objections] [this commitment should override all other considerations] [you can override the cut-out by releasing the switch] [the external rendering should not override the damp-proof membrane] [overriding by vehicles is implicated in over half the cases of footway damage]

catastrophe

[disaster]: [an environmental catastrophe] [inaction will only bring us closer to catastrophe] [the tax would be a catastrophe for the industry]

discriminating

[discerning, selective]: [he became a discriminating collector and patron of the arts]

emission

[discharge]: [the effects of lead emission on health] [cuts in carbon dioxide emissions] [nocturnal emissions]

mask

[disguise, veil, face mask, pretence]: [this exfoliating mask helps clear your pores and leaves your skin feeling soft and healthy] [his face was a mask of rage] [I let my mask of respectability slip] [he had been masked, bound, and abducted] [the poplars masked a factory]

plate

[dish, plateful, panel, plaque, picture, cover]: [he pushed his empty plate to one side and sipped his wine] [a dinner plate] [a plate of spaghetti] [he recommended the roast beef plate] [he was invited to a party and asked to bring a plate]

demoralize

[dishearten, dispirited]: [the General Strike had demoralized the trade unions] [she hastened her daughter's steps, lest she be demoralized by beholding the free manners of these 'mad English']

despondent

[disheartened]: [she grew more and more despondent]

refutation

[disproof, falsification]: [scientific theory is always tentative, open to refutation] [he fails to give a clear refutation of the argument]

irreverence

[disrespect]: [an attitude of irreverence towards politicians]

apostate

[dissenter]: [after fifty years as an apostate he returned to the faith] [an apostate Roman Catholic]

distinctive

[distinguishing]: [juniper berries give gin its distinctive flavour]

division

[dividing, sharing out, disunity, section, department, dividing line]: [the division of the land into small fields] [a gene that helps regulate cell division] [the division of his estates between the two branches of his family] [the new clause was agreed without a division] [a growing sense of division between north and south]

poultry

[domestic fowl, fowl]: [I haven't eaten red meat for 19 years and poultry for 12 years] [raw or cooked meat and poultry] [anyone handling raw poultry should wash their hands thoroughly]

drainage

[drain]: [the pot must have holes in the base for good drainage] [the drainage of wetlands] [they set about renewing and repairing drainage and water supplies]

curry

[dress, groom]: [we went out for a curry] [a beef curry] [she wouldn't eat curry] [curried chicken] [I was brushing and currying the horse]

drill

[drilling tool, training, procedure, bore a hole in, train, instil]: [parade-ground drill] [tables can be mastered by drill and practice] [language-learning drills] [air-raid drills] [he didn't know the drill]

oust

[drive out]: [the reformists were ousted from power]

terra firma

[dry land, earth, ground, land, solid ground]: [they needed to rest themselves on terra firma]

dreary

[dull, sad, gloomy]: [the dreary round of working, eating, and trying to sleep]

erupt

[emit lava, emit, break out, appear]: [Mount Pinatubo began erupting in June] [hot lava erupted from the crust] [smoke bombs erupted everywhere] [fierce fighting erupted between the army and guerrillas] [noise erupted from the drawing room]

incise

[engrave, cut]: [a button incised with a skull] [figures incised on upright stones] [the wound was incised and drained]

animate

[enliven, living]: [Prometheus stole fire from heaven to animate his clay men] [she has animated the government with a sense of political direction] [much-loved characters have been animated in this Franco-Canadian co-production] [gods in a wide variety of forms, both animate and inanimate]

gusto

[enthusiasm]: [Hawkins tucked into his breakfast with gusto] [he had a particular gusto for those sort of performances]

jealous

[envious, suspicious, protective]: [she was always jealous of me] [a jealous husband] [the men were proud of their achievements and jealous of their independence]

particularly

[especially, specifically]: [I don't particularly want to be reminded of that time] [particularly able students] [the team's defence is excellent, particularly their two centre backs] [he particularly asked that I should help you]

everlasting

[eternal, constant]: [the damned would suffer everlasting torment] [an everlasting reminder of this evening]

equitable

[fair]: [the equitable distribution of resources] [the difference between legal and equitable rights] [the beneficiaries have an equitable interest in the property]

justice

[fairness, validity, judicial proceedings, judge]: [a concern for justice, peace, and genuine respect for people] [the justice of his case] [a tragic miscarriage of justice] [everything will be done to bring those responsible to justice] [I did get some interviews but I couldn't do myself justice]

equity

[fairness, value]: [[equity of treatment] ] [[if there is any conflict between the principles of common law and equity, equity prevails] ] [[he owns 62% of the group's equity] ] [[trading in equities is governed by market rules] ] [[people who have built up a significant amount of equity in their homes] ]

historic

[famous]: [the area's numerous historic sites] [a historic occasion] [eruptions in historic times] [an historic moment] [a historic moment]

rabid

[fanatic, fanatical, overzealous]: [the show's small but rabid fan base] [a rabid ideologue] [she's expecting more rabid support from the home fans] [her mother was bitten by a rabid dog]

valediction

[farewell]: [he lifted his hand and spread his palm in valediction] [his official memorial valediction]

modish

[fashionable]: [it seems sad that such a scholar should feel compelled to use this modish jargon]

popularity

[fashionableness, currency]: [he was at the height of his popularity]

stout

[fat, strong, determined, brave]: [stout middle-aged men] [Billy had armed himself with a stout stick] [stout walking boots] [he put up a stout defence in court] [microbreweries specialize in ales and stouts]

fervid

[fervent]: [his fervid protestations of love]

festival

[fete, holy day]: [traditional Jewish festivals] [a major international festival of song]

fever

[feverishness, ferment, excitement]: [she had a slight fever] [quinine was used to reduce malarial fever] [I was mystified, and in a fever of expectation] [election fever reaches its climax tomorrow] [a heart which sin has fevered]

violin

[fiddle]:

competitiveness

[fight]: [a lot of people get wrapped up in competitiveness and jealousy] [the competitiveness of the agricultural sector] [shoppers are often pleasantly surprised by the competitiveness of the prices]

soldier

[fighter, soldiers, persevere]: [soldiering was what the Colonel understood] [Graham wasn't enjoying this, but he soldiered on]

warfare

[fighting]: [guerrilla warfare]

credit

[financial standing, praise, source of honour, reputation, ascribe, be accredited with, believe, on hire purchase]: [I've got unlimited credit] [the bank refused to extend their credit] [he exceeded his credit limit] [the columns should be added across and down and the total debits should equal the total credits] [you need to record debits or credits made to your account]

economic

[financial, profitable, cost-effective]: [the government's economic policy] [economic history] [many organizations must become larger if they are to remain economic] [solar power may provide a more economic solution]

habitable

[fit to live in]: [the house should be habitable by Christmas]

blatant

[flagrant]: [blatant lies] [she forced herself to resist his blatant charm]

granary

[garner]:

gasoline

[gas, gasolene, petrol]:

gassy

[gaseous]: [the beer was served too gassy and too cold] [a long and gassy book]

graceless

[gauche, clumsy]: [he wanted to speak so as not to seem sullen or graceless] [she let loose a graceless snort]

tawdry

[gaudy, tasteless]: [tawdry jewellery] [the tawdry business of politics]

legislature

[general assembly, law-makers, legislative assembly, legislative body]: [the Nevada state legislature passed a law to prohibit dumping of nuclear waste]

authentic

[genuine, reliable]: [the letter is now accepted as an authentic document] [the restaurant serves authentic Italian meals] [every detail of the film was totally authentic] [an authentic depiction of the situation]

pregnancy

[gestation]: [the first weeks of pregnancy] [a straightforward pregnancy]

glassware

[glasswork]:

outstrip

[go faster than, surpass]: [during the morning warm-up, he once again outstripped the field] [supply far outstripped demand]

revolve

[go round, circle, be concerned with, think about]: [overhead, the fan revolved slowly] [the earth revolves around the sun] [her life revolved around her husband] [her mind revolved the possibilities]

accompany

[go with, occur with, back]: [the two sisters were to accompany us to London] [the illness is often accompanied by nausea] [the accompanying documentation] [home-cooked ham accompanied by brown bread] [he would play his violin, and Mother used to accompany him on our organ]

precede

[go/come before, foregoing, go ahead of, preface]: [a gun battle had preceded the explosions] [take time to read the chapters that precede the recipes] [the preceding pages] [he let her precede him through the gate] [he preceded the book with a collection of poems]

guzzle

[gobble (up)]: [he would guzzle his ale] [this car guzzles petrol]

epicure

[gourmet]: [they see themselves as epicures—delighting in food that is properly prepared]

gratitude

[gratefulness]: [she expressed her gratitude to the committee for their support]

harsh

[grating, glaring, cruel, severe, austere, hard, abrasive]: [drenched in a harsh white neon light] [harsh guttural shouts] [a time of harsh military discipline] [the harsh environment of the desert] [the harsh realities of the world news]

hamburger

[ground beef]:

growth

[growing, development, expansion, increase, tumour]: [the upward growth of plants] [the growth of the city affects the local climate] [keeping a journal can be a vital step in our personal growth] [the rates of population growth are lowest in the north] [the government aims to get growth back into the economy]

innocent

[guiltless, free from, virtuous, naive, harmless, benign, unworldly person]: [the prisoners were later found innocent] [he is innocent of Sir Thomas's death] [a man innocent of war's cruelties] [a street quite innocent of bookshops] [an innocent bystander]

gymnasium

[gym]:

environment

[habitat, situation, setting, the natural world]: [survival in an often hostile environment] [a good learning environment] [a desktop development environment] [the impact of pesticides on the environment] [a parliamentary environment committee]

stultify

[hamper, bore]: [the stultifying conformity of provincial life]

seaport

[harbor, harbour, haven]:

shrine

[holy place, tomb, memorial]: [the medieval pilgrim route to the shrine of St James] [a Hindu shrine at which offerings are placed twice a day] [her grave has become a shrine for fans from all over the world] [a goddess shrined in every tree]

crusade

[holy war, campaign, campaign]: [the fanaticism engendered by the Crusades] [in 1204 the armies of the Fourth Crusade sacked Constantinople] [the Albigensian crusades] [a crusade against crime] [a crusading stance on poverty]

residence

[home, occupancy]: [the youth hostel has been adapted from a private residence] [the palace was designated the official residence of the head of state] [Rome was his main place of residence] [she took up residence in Paris] [the guests currently in residence at the hotel]

thermal

[hot]: [thermal conductivity] [the thermal properties of food] [thermal power stations] [thermal underwear]

slum

[hovel, slums]: [inner-city slums] [the area was fast becoming a slum for the destitute] [slum areas] [slum dwellers] [he moved from a two-room slum into a local authority house]

illicit

[illegal, taboo]: [illicit drugs] [illicit sex]

blind

[imperceptive, unmindful of, uncritical, impetuous, without exit, make blind, stop someone seeing, dazzle, deprive of understanding, overawe, screen, deception, overlook]: [a blind man with a stick] [he was blind in one eye] [guide dogs for the blind] [a blind tasting of eight wines] [blind landings during foggy conditions]

impervious

[impermeable, unaffected by]: [an impervious layer of basaltic clay] [he worked, apparently impervious to the heat]

impulsive

[impetuous, impromptu]: [they'd married as impulsive teenagers] [he regretted his impulsive offer] [the approaching waves contain an impulsive component]

execution

[implementation, performance, capital punishment]: [he was fascinated by the entire operation and its execution] [the film is entirely professional in its execution] [obligation to pay the deposit before the execution of the lease] [sixty-seven executions were ordered against goods] [the execution of juveniles is prohibited by international law]

tacit

[implicit]: [your silence may be taken to mean tacit agreement]

powerless

[impotent]: [troops were powerless to stop last night's shooting]

impolitic

[imprudent]: [it was impolitic to pay the slightest tribute to the enemy]

incalculable

[inestimable]: [an archive of incalculable value] [the odds against such an event are incalculable] [under the pressure of anxiety his temper became incalculable]

ancestral

[inherited]: [the family's ancestral home]

heiress

[inheritress, inheritrix]: [an oil heiress] [she was heiress to a $32 million textile fortune]

witticism

[joke, witticisms]: [Maurice roared with laughter at his own witticisms]

canine

[laniary]: [canine behavioural problems] [related canine species] [the majority agreed with neutering stray canines] [most primates use their canine teeth for fighting]

outride

[last out, ride out, stay]:

lifelong

[lasting]: [the two men were to remain lifelong friends] [a lifelong Conservative]

belatedly

[late, tardily]: [the High Command had belatedly altered its tactics]

later

[late]:

lawsuit

[legal action]: [his lawyer filed a lawsuit against Los Angeles city]

vivacious

[lively]: [her vivacious and elegant mother] [she was dark-haired and vivacious]

position

[location, posture, situation, advantage, status, job, point of view, put]: [the distress call had given the ship's position] [Mrs Snell took up her position on the bottom step of the stairs] [sew the band into position] [make sure that no slates have slipped out of position] [the guns were shelling the German positions]

place

[location, town, home, seat, job, status, responsibility, put down, put, find employment for, rank, identify, ready, in position, instead of, out of position, inappropriate, incongruous, humiliate, happen, replace]: [I can't be in two places at once] [the monastery was a peaceful place] [that street was no place for a lady] [he would always have a special place in her heart] [he lashed out and cut the policeman's hand in three places]

misplace

[lose]: [I'm sure the jewellery has just been misplaced, and not stolen] [Crewe came back into the game when Strachan misplaced a pass in the midfield]

ointment

[lotion]: [he rubbed some ointment on his leg] [scented ointments for the skin]

stentorian

[loud]: [a stentorian roar]

faithful

[loyal, accurate, believers]: [the city has always been faithful to the Conservative party] [employees who had notched up decades of faithful service] [her husband was faithful to her] [my faithful compass] [the film was faithful to the book]

ensure

[make sure, safeguard]: [the client must ensure that accurate records are kept] [legislation to ensure equal opportunities for all] [only by researching stocks thoroughly can a client ensure against being misled]

metric

[metric function]: [all measurements are given in metric form] [we should have gone metric years ago] [the metric equation of Minkowski space-time] [the levels of branching are arbitrary and no precise metric is applied to distance between the nodes] [the external structure of space-time is described by the Schwarzschild metric]

radar

[microwave radar, radio detection and ranging, radiolocation]: [keep your radar tuned to changes at work] [he's off the radar in the UK but in his country of birth he's a well-known figure]

hawkish

[militant, warlike]: [his hawkish nose] [the administration's hawkish stance]

wretched

[miserable, unfortunate, harsh, terrible, despicable]: [I felt so wretched because I thought I might never see you again] [the wretched conditions of the slums] [she disliked the wretched man intensely] [a wretchedly poor country]

backfire

[misfire, rebound]: [a car backfired in the road and shoppers ducked instinctively] [overzealous publicity backfired on her] [once the engine is running smoothly, a backfire can be dramatic]

qualm

[misgiving, qualms, scruple, qualms]: [military regimes generally have no qualms about controlling the press]

morsel

[mouthful]: [Juliet pushed a morsel of toast into her mouth] [there was a morsel of consolation for the British team]

advance

[move forward, bring forward, promote, progress, put forward, lend, progress, breakthrough, increase, down payment, sexual approaches, preliminary, early, beforehand]: [he advanced towards the dispatch box] [the troops advanced on the capital] [as the nineteenth century advanced] [I advanced the schedule by several weeks] [our knowledge is advancing all the time]

variegated

[multicoloured, mottled]: [variegated yellow bricks] [the variegated form of philadelphus] [variegated foliage] [his variegated and amusing observations]

terrene

[mundane]: [terrene dust] [a terrene vertebrate]

sound

[noise, hearing distance, music, idea, go (off), resonate, operate, pronounce, appear to be, appear, speak at length, declaim, healthy, well built, solvent, well founded, reliable, deep, thorough, measure, canvass, investigate, channel, inlet]: [light travels faster than sound] [she heard the sound of voices in the hall] [don't make a sound] [we were always within sound of the train whistles] [a sound studio]

incombustible

[non-flammable]: [an incombustible floor construction]

spiritual

[non-material, incorporeal, religious]: [I'm responsible for his spiritual welfare] [he never forgot his spiritual father] [the country's spiritual leader] [I had always thought of Italy as my spiritual home]

provincial

[non-metropolitan, regional, unsophisticated, narrow-minded, (country) bumpkin]: [provincial elections] [provincial towns] [the whole exhibition struck one as being very provincial] [a town populated by money-grubbers, philistines, and self-satisfied provincials]

default

[non-payment, normal, fail to pay, revert, failure to act/appear]: [the company will have to restructure its debts to avoid default] [the deteriorating economy pushed defaults to almost $20 billion] [the default is fifty lines] [default settings] [all my life, envy has been my default emotion]

minority

[nonage]: [only a minority of properties are rented] [those who acknowledge his influence are in the minority] [a minority party] [a blocking minority of 23 votes] [ethnic minorities]

loose

[not fixed in place, untied, baggy, vague, free, relax, fire, free]: [a loose tooth] [the lorry's trailer came loose] [wear your hair loose] [pockets bulging with loose change] [the bull was loose with cattle in the field]

paving

[pavement, paving material]: [weeds had forced their way up through the cracked paving] [the company can supply and lay paving]

disburse

[pay out]: [$67 million of the pledged aid had already been disbursed]

payroll

[payroll department]: [there are just three employees on the payroll] [small employers with a payroll of less than £45,000]

brim

[peak, rim, be full, fill]: [a soft hat with a turned-up brim] [he filled her glass to the brim] [a brimming cup] [large tears brimmed in her eyes] [he is brimming with ideas]

peccable

[peccant]: [we hold all mankind to be peccable]

idiosyncrasy

[peculiarity]: [one of his little idiosyncrasies was always preferring to be in the car first] [the idiosyncrasies of the prison system]

pluperfect

[perfect]:

stick

[piece of wood, cane, walking stick, club, criticism, the country, thrust, pierce, stab, protrude, put, adhere, remain, affix, be upheld, become trapped, lumbered with, infatuated with, tolerate, put up with it, get down to, persevere with, support, stand out, abide by, support]: [lolly sticks] [every stick of furniture just vanished] [a stick of dynamite] [cinnamon sticks] [the girl was a stick]

safekeeping

[protection]: [she'd put her wedding ring in her purse for safekeeping]

guardian

[protector]: [self-appointed guardians of public morality] [I am acting as guardian of my late brother's family]

offer

[provide, bid, volunteer, put up for sale, sacrifice, provide, occur, attempt, proposal, bid, on sale]: [may I offer you a drink?] [I was offered a job on the spot] [he offered to fix the gate] ['Can I help you, dear?' a kindly voice offered] [the product is offered at a very competitive price]

clairvoyant

[psychic, psychic]: [she has had a message from a clairvoyant that her son is alive and well] [he didn't tell me about it and I'm not clairvoyant]

analyst

[psychoanalyst]:

publicity

[public attention, promotion]: [the case attracted wide publicity in the press] [a publicity campaign] [we distributed publicity from a stall in the marketplace]

amount

[quantity, add up to, constitute]: [sport gives an enormous amount of pleasure to many people] [the substance is harmless if taken in small amounts] [they have spent a colossal amount rebuilding the stadium] [losses amounted to over 10 million pounds] [their actions amounted to a conspiracy]

clue

[question, inform, have no idea]: [police officers are still searching for clues] [archaeological evidence can give clues about the past] [a long-pondered clue in a half-completed crossword] [Stella had clued her in about Peter] [I didn't have a clue what was happening]

hasty

[quick, rash]: [a hasty attempt to defuse the situation] [hasty decisions] [don't be too hasty in criticizing a colleague]

rebate

[rabbet]: [the scheme eases the move to the council tax by giving rebates in the first year] [you will be entitled to a 20 per cent rebate off each standard fare] [the government rebates part of your own and your employer's National Insurance contributions into the plan] [a rebate joint] [you can use it for rebating]

frequency

[rate of occurrence]: [an increase in the frequency of accidents due to increased overtime] [different thicknesses of glass will absorb different frequencies of sound] [a radio station on a single AM radio frequency] [a coding sequence to ensure that everyone changes frequency in the correct manner]

gorge

[ravine, stuff, eat greedily/hungrily]: [they gorged themselves on Cornish cream teas] [the pork smelt rancid and his gorge rose]

actuality

[reality, really]: [the building looked as impressive in actuality as it did in magazines] [the grim actualities of prison life]

kingdom

[realm, domain, division]: [the Kingdom of the Netherlands] [the kingdom of dreams] [the truck was blown to kingdom come]

redress

[rectify, even up, compensation]: [the question is how to redress the consequences of racist land policies] [some ambitious Architect being called to redress a leaning Wall] [those seeking redress for an infringement of public law rights] [an opportunity to redress the balance in their fortunes]

convalescent

[recuperating]: [a convalescent child] [you're still convalescent and you need to rest] [a convalescent home] [convalescents benefit from relaxation]

sanctuary

[refuge, safety, reserve, holy place]: [his sons took sanctuary in the church] [she thought of her room as a sanctuary] [a bird sanctuary] [a donkey sanctuary] [the sanctuaries of Apollo and Athena]

kin

[relatives, related]: [many elderly people have no kin to turn to for assistance] [dolphins, whales, and their kin] [the Acari include ticks, mites, and their kin] [he was kin to the brothers]

acquittance

[release]:

inexorable

[relentless, intransigent]: [the seemingly inexorable march of new technology] [the doctors were inexorable, and there was nothing to be done]

theological

[religious]: [theological and pastoral training] [theological writings] [a reworking of the past that was partly theological]

dwelling

[residence]: [the proposed dwelling is out of keeping with those nearby]

curb

[restraint, restrain]: [plans to introduce tougher curbs on insider dealing] [she promised she would curb her temper] [both men were instinctively curbing their horses]

consequence

[result, importance]: [abrupt withdrawal of drug treatment can have serious consequences] [many have been laid off from work as a consequence of government policies] [the past is of no consequence] [a woman of consequence] [he died in consequence of injuries sustained]

veteran

[retired soldier, old hand, long-serving]: [a veteran of two world wars] [a veteran left-wing MP] [a Vietnam veteran]

subdivision

[section]: [the subdivision of existing subjects] [such an arrangement offers the possibility of subdivision into a series of identical spaces] [the Birkenhead police subdivision] [subject subdivisions]

firmly

[securely]: [the door remained firmly shut] [his work is rooted firmly in Chinese culture] [I had her wrist grasped firmly in my hand] [stop the bleeding by pressing firmly] [the council is firmly committed to raising standards in education]

prophet

[seer]: [the Old Testament prophet, Jeremiah] [he is repeatedly hailed as a prophet of modernism] [the prime minister ignored the prophets of doom]

modest

[self-effacing, shy, moderate, small, decorous]: [he was a very modest man, refusing to take any credit for the enterprise] [drink modest amounts of alcohol] [employment growth was relatively modest] [a modest flat in Fulham] [it was a nice wedding, necessarily modest]

imperturbable

[self-possessed]: [an imperturbable tranquillity]

conductive

[semiconducting, semiconductive]: [a conductive material] [conductive hearing impairment]

dispatch

[send, deal with, kill, sending, promptness, communication, killing]: [he dispatched messages back to base] [the government dispatched 150 police to restore order] [the Welsh team were dispatched comfortably by the opposition] [he dispatched the animal with one blow] [a resolution authorizing the dispatch of a peacekeeping force]

reflection

[sending back, image, indication, slur, thought, opinion, comment]: [the reflection of light] [the reflections from the street lamps gave them just enough light] [Marianne surveyed her reflection in the mirror] [a healthy skin is a reflection of good health in general] [it was a sad reflection on society that because of his affliction he was picked on]

conscience

[sense of right and wrong]: [he had a guilty conscience about his desires] [Ben was suffering a pang of conscience] [how can we in all conscience justify the charging of fees for such a service?] [an act of providence had prevented him from having a death on his conscience]

polish

[shine, perfect, wax, varnish, shine, sophistication, eat up, complete]: [behind the bar the steward polished glasses busily] [he's got to polish up his French for his job] [a tin of shoe polish] [I could give the wardrobe a polish] [the machine refines the shape of the stone and gives it polish]

glisten

[shine]: [his cheeks glistened with tears] [the glistening pavements] [there was a glisten of perspiration across her top lip]

radiant

[shining, joyful, splendid]: [a bird with radiant green and red plumage] [she gave him a radiant smile] [he praised her radiant self-confidence] [plants convert the radiant energy of the sun into chemical energy] [a radiant heater]

short-range

[short]: [short-range nuclear weapons] [short-range schemes] [short-range forecasting]

abridge

[shorten, shortened]: [an abridged text of his speech] [even the right to free speech can be abridged]

abbreviate

[shorten]: ['network' is often abbreviated to 'net'] [I decided to abbreviate my stay in Cambridge]

soggy

[soft and wet]: [we squelched through the soggy ground]

piano

[soft]:

qualitative

[soft]: [a qualitative change in the undergraduate curriculum]

seriously

[solemnly, really, really?, joking aside/apart, severely, extremely]: [the doctor looked seriously at him] [I seriously considered cancelling my subscription] [do you seriously believe that I would jeopardize my career by such acts?] [seriously though, short cuts rarely work] [the amount of fat you eat can seriously affect your health]

steady

[stable, motionless, fixed, sensible, constant, regular, stabilize, calm]: [the lighter the camera, the harder it is to hold steady] [he refilled her glass with a steady hand] [a steady gaze] [she tried to keep her voice steady] [a solid, steady young man]

choreography

[stage dancing]: [the rumbustious choreography reflects the themes of the original play] [as well as dancing she did a great deal of choreography]

theatrical

[stage, show-business, exaggerated]: [theatrical productions] [Henry looked over his shoulder with theatrical caution] [I was persuaded to act in some amateur theatricals] [their love affair ended without theatricals] [a boarding house that catered for theatricals]

stall

[stand, pen, obstruct, use delaying tactics, delay]: [fruit and vegetable stalls] [a parking stall] [a stalls seat] [speed must be maintained to avoid a stall and loss of control] [her car stalled at the crossroads]

stereotype

[standard/conventional image, typecast, stock]: [the stereotype of the woman as the carer] [sexual and racial stereotypes] [don't treat anyone as a stereotype] [the city is too easily stereotyped as an industrial wasteland]

vicinity

[surrounding district, nearness]: [the number of people living in the immediate vicinity was small] [the abundance and vicinity of country seats]

set aside

[suspend]: [government subsidies could be an alternative to set-aside] [grants for providing public access to set-aside land] [he has fifty acres of set-aside]

recount

[tell]: [I recounted the tale to Steve] [he recounts how they often talked of politics] [the children arrange and rearrange the objects in a set and recount them each time] [a three-vote Conservative win after seven recounts]

temper

[temperament, anger, fit of rage, harden, moderate, composure, become very angry]: [he rushed out in a very bad temper] [I know my temper gets the better of me at times] [Drew had walked out in a temper] [I only said it in a fit of temper] [the blade rapidly heats up and the metal loses its temper]

exhilarate

[thrill, elate, thrilling]: [she was exhilarated by the day's events] [all this hustle and bustle makes me feel exhilarated]

exciting

[thrilling]: [one of the most exciting matches I've ever seen]

expel

[throw out, banish, let out]: [she was expelled from school] [eight diplomats were expelled from Norway for espionage] [she expelled a shuddering breath]

subjacent

[underlying]:

unity

[union, harmony, oneness]: [European unity] [ways of preserving family unity] [the repeated phrase gives the piece unity and cohesion] [they speak of the three parts as a unity] [the slope of each dotted line is less than unity]

coalesce

[unite]: [the puddles had coalesced into shallow streams] [his idea served to coalesce all that happened into one connected whole]

macrocosm

[universe, system]:

unnecessary

[unneeded]: [some people feel that holiday insurance is unnecessary] [good construction is essential to avoid unnecessary waste] [Flora never wasted cash on unnecessaries]

barren

[unproductive, infertile, pointless]: [the plains of Kyrenia were barren] [the barren, burnt-up countryside] [the barren fig tree] [he scored yesterday to end his barren spell] [the sports hall turned out to be a rather barren concrete building]

insatiable

[unquenchable]: [an insatiable hunger for success] ['You're insatiable!' she cried as she pushed him away] [so insatiable a gourmand as myself]

inaccessible

[unreachable, esoteric]: [a remote and inaccessible cave] [the city centre is inaccessible to traffic in most places] [such costs would make litigation inaccessible to private individuals] ['High' culture is largely inaccessible to the masses] [her unassailable, inaccessible image]

pending

[unresolved, imminent, awaiting]: [nine cases were still pending] [the pending lay-off of fifty staff] [they were released on bail pending an appeal]

immature

[unripe, childish]: [many of the fish caught are immature] [his immature sense of humour]

derelict

[unsafe, dilapidated, dilapidated, disused, negligent, tramp]: [a derelict Georgian mansion] [the barge lay derelict for years] [he was derelict in his duty to his country] [derelicts who could fit all their possessions in a paper bag] [she had been a derelict recommissioned for this journey]

lament

[wail, dirge, mourn, bemoan]: [his mother's night-long laments for his father] [a song full of lament and sorrow] [the piper played a lament] [there were constant laments about the conditions of employment] [he was lamenting the death of his infant daughter]

purse

[wallet, fund, prize, handbag, press together]: [she had enough in her purse for bus fare] [institutions are funded from the same general purse] [a fight for which his purse was $400,000] [a young woman with a purse hanging from her elbow] [Marianne took a glance at her reflection and pursed her lips disgustedly]

burrow

[warren, tunnel]: [moles burrowing away underground] [burrowing earthworms] [worms that burrow through dead wood] [the child burrowed deeper into the bed] [journalists are burrowing into the prime minister's business affairs]

squander

[waste]: [£100m of taxpayers' money has been squandered on administering the tax] [the team squandered several good scoring chances]

prodigal

[wasteful, generous]: [prodigal habits die hard] [the dessert was prodigal with whipped cream] [the government wished to clip the wings of the local authority prodigals]

philanthropist

[benefactor]: [the trust was founded by an American philanthropist]

afresh

[anew]: [she left the job to start afresh]

alliance

[association, relationship]: [a defensive alliance between Australia and New Zealand] [divisions within the alliance] [an alliance between medicine and morality] [his party is in alliance with the Greens]

lettuce

[boodle, bread, cabbage, clams, dinero, dough, gelt, kale, lolly, loot, lucre, moolah, pelf, scratch, shekels, simoleons, sugar, wampum]:

obelisk

[column]:

dedicated

[committed, exclusive]: [a team of dedicated doctors] [a dedicated high-speed rail link from the Channel Tunnel]

captious

[critical]: [a captious teacher]

cumbrous

[cumbersome]:

slaying

[execution, murder]: [the slaying of a dragon] [a gangland slaying]

forthright

[frank]: [his most forthright attack yet on the reforms]

mourning

[grief, black clothes]: [she's still in mourning after the death of her husband] [if he dies, she'll put on mourning but she won't cry]

mishmash

[jumble]: [a mishmash of outmoded ideas]

fissure

[opening]: [the bacteria survive around vents or fissures in the deep ocean floor] [a fissure between philosophy and reality] [low cliffs of fissured Silurian rock]

persevere

[persist]: [his family persevered with his treatment] [she has been a remarkably steadfast, persevering, and dutiful woman]

dessert

[pudding]: [a dessert of chocolate mousse]

abnegation

[renunciation, self-denial]: [abnegation of political power] [people are capable of abnegation and unselfishness]

retaliation

[revenge, response]: [the bombings are believed to be in retaliation for the trial of 15 suspects] [she rejected as preposterous any suggestion that she had acted in retaliation]

seating

[seats]: [the restaurant has seating for 80]

garrulous

[talkative, long-winded]: [a garrulous cab driver]

tormentor

[teaser, tormenter]: [they help victims of domestic violence escape their tormentors]

partially

[to a limited extent/degree]: [the work partially fulfills the function of a historical memoir] [a partially open door]

prevail

[win, exist, current, persuade]: [it is hard for logic to prevail over emotion] [a friendly atmosphere prevailed among the crowds] [she was prevailed upon to give an account of her work]

sinuous

[winding, lithe]: [the river follows a sinuous trail through the dale] [the sinuous grace of a cat]

transcript

[written version]: [a word-for-word transcript comes with each tape]

imprudent

[unwise]: [it would be imprudent to leave her winter coat behind]

outlier

[]: [a western outlier in the Andaman archipelago] [an outlier in Faulkner's body of work] [then there are the corporate outliers, people who just don't fit into the culture of the company] [the Jurassic outlier west of Carlisle]

latish

[late]: [Margaret came in latish]

afterwards

[later]: [the offender was arrested shortly afterwards]

sumptuous

[lavish]: [the banquet was a sumptuous, luxurious meal]

jurisprudence

[law]: [American jurisprudence]

besiege

[lay siege to, surround, oppress, overwhelm]: [the king marched north to besiege Berwick] [the besieged city] [she spent the whole day besieged by newsmen] [the television station was besieged with calls]

ravage

[lay waste, devastate, devastated, damaging effects, acts of destruction]: [the hurricane ravaged southern Florida] [his face had withstood the ravages of time] [the ravages committed by man]

chief

[leader, head, head, main]: [the chief of the village] [Chief Banawi] [a union chief] [the chief of police] [it's quite simple, chief]

fortunate

[lucky, favourable, wealthy]: [she'd been fortunate to escape serious injury] [it was fortunate that the weather was good] [a most fortunate match for our daughter] [a federal programme aimed at helping less fortunate families]

schooled

[shoal]: [a man well schooled in making money]

endless

[countless, unlimited, ceaseless, continuous]: [endless ocean wastes] [the list is endless] [we smoked endless cigarettes] [endless-loop cassette tapes]

severe

[acute, fierce, excruciating, very difficult, harsh, harsh, extortionate, punitive, strict, stern, plain]: [a severe shortage of technicians] [a severe attack of asthma] [the damage is not too severe] [a severe test of stamina] [the charges would have warranted a severe sentence]

alderman

[]:

pack it in

[]: [I decided to resit my GCSEs but I didn't have enough confidence in myself so I packed it in]

senator

[]: [Senator Vandenburg]

mercury

[Hg, atomic number 80, hydrargyrum, quicksilver]: [we completed a programme to test all of our coal-fired plants for mercury and other air-toxins] [coastal sunshine sends mercury soaring] [one wonders how many unfortunates owed their demise to his prescription of mercury to clarify the spleen] [the Leicester Mercury]

slipper

[mule]: [he didn't slipper me hard] [slippered feet]

cosmopolitan

[worldly, international]: [his knowledge of French, Italian, and Spanish made him genuinely cosmopolitan] [immigration transformed the city into a cosmopolitan metropolis] [their designs became a byword for cosmopolitan chic] [there were also cosmopolitans who spoke both Spanish and English and travelled in the worlds of both Puerto Rican and white Holyoke]

uneasy

[worried, worrying, tense]: [she felt guilty now and a little uneasy] [an uneasy silence] [she lived in a state of uneasy truce with her strict father]

fret

[worry, trouble]: [she fretted about the cost of groceries] [his absence during her times awake began to fret her] [the bay's black waves fret the seafront] [what shape the sea has fretted into the land] [squelchy clay that fretted between his toes]

aggravation

[worsen, worsening]: [the patient experienced an aggravation of symptoms] [the whole business has caused me a lot of aggravation] [I don't need this aggravation]

wreckage

[wreck]: [firemen had to cut him free from the wreckage of the car]

dentifrice

[]: [here's a dentifrice with real action]

introspect

[]: [what they don't do is introspect much about the reasons for their plight]

factitious

[artificial, unreal]: [a largely factitious national identity]

jurisdiction

[authority, territory]: [the English court had no jurisdiction over the defendants] [in some jurisdictions there is a mandatory death sentence for murder] [several different tax jurisdictions]

apothecary

[chemist, druggist, pharmacist, pill pusher, pill roller]:

prevalence

[commonness]: [the prevalence of obesity in adults]

complexity

[complication]: [an issue of great complexity] [the complexities of family life]

convex

[curved outwards]: [a convex lens]

destine

[designate, intend, specify]:

feverish

[febrile, frenzied]: [she felt sick and feverish] [a feverish cold] [the next couple of weeks were spent in a whirl of feverish activity]

admiral

[full admiral]:

terrain

[land]: [they were delayed by rough terrain]

faulty

[malfunctioning, defective]: [a faulty brake] [faulty logic] [her character was faulty]

abbess

[mother superior, prioress]:

vaudeville

[music hall]: [his comedic roots are in vaudeville] [a stage show with vaudeville acts and dancing girls]

decorum

[propriety, etiquette]: [he had acted with the utmost decorum] [he had no idea of funeral decorum]

condolence

[sympathy]: [we offer our sincere condolences to his widow] [letters of condolence]

palatable

[tasty, pleasant]: [a very palatable local red wine] [a device that made increased taxation more palatable]

artesian well

[]:

hydra

[]: [his battle with the hydra of bureaucracy]

hopelessness

[]: [his face bears the expression of utter hopelessness] [I was overcome by the hopelessness of the situation]

dispenser

[]: [his role as protector of the weak and dispenser of justice] [a paper towel dispenser]

ion

[]: [hydrogen ions] [a sulphate ion]

polygraph

[]: [if he passed the polygraph, of course, it would authenticate his story]

give it one's best shot

[]: [it's not easy, but I'm going to give it my best shot]

out of one's depth

[]: [just out of our depth, we bounce down below the surface of the water] [they soon realized they were out of their depth in Division One] [I find it difficult to talk in a situation like this—I'm out of my depth]

routinely

[]: [large-scale producers routinely vaccinate their birds against the disease] [owners routinely flout local laws about restraining and picking up after their pets]

antithesis

[(direct) opposite, contrast]: [love is the antithesis of selfishness] [the antithesis between occult and rational mentalities] [figures of speech such as antithesis] [his sermons were full of startling antitheses]

sextet

[6, Captain Hicks, VI, half a dozen, hexad, sestet, sextuplet, sise, six, sixer]: [the Jazz Club presents a new sextet] [the sextet from 'The Marriage of Figaro'] [a sextet of new releases]

mass market

[]: [mobile technologies have hit the mass market] [mass-market brands] [a proven mass-market product] [since the demise of the small local breweries, the only beers available have been mass-produced, homogenized, and mass-marketed] [mass-marketed video games]

retrofit

[]: [motorists who retrofit catalysts to older cars] [buses have been retrofitted with easy-access features] [uninsulated and oddly designed dream houses that are badly in need of a retrofit] [the system is available as a retrofit for all makes of sprayer]

liberalism

[]: [one of the basic tenets of liberalism is tolerance] [the shift from liberalism to radicalism] [working-class support for Liberalism]

must-see

[]: [one of the must-see pieces at the exhibition] [this sassy and superior suspense thriller is a must-see]

brethren

[]: [our brethren in the popular national press]

monocracy

[Caesarism, Stalinism, absolutism, authoritarianism, despotism, dictatorship, one-man rule, shogunate, totalitarianism, tyranny]:

papyrus

[Cyperus papyrus, Egyptian paper reed, Egyptian paper rush, paper plant, paper rush]: [the text was preserved, probably on papyrus] [a papyrus scroll] [a remarkable papyrus recently acquired by the British Museum]

carrot

[Daucus carota sativa, cultivated carrot]: [roast lamb with peas and carrots] [grated carrot] [carrot cake] [carrot juice] [carrots will promote cooperation over the environment far more effectively than sticks]

tar

[Jack, Jack-tar, gob, mariner, old salt, sea dog, seafarer, seaman]: [high-tar cigarettes] [a newly tarred road] [a group of sailors had just stripped, tarred, and feathered a man] [they're all tarred with the same brush, that family]

christ

[Jesus]: ['Oh Christ,' he moaned under his breath]

aerostat

[]:

aircraft

[]:

boll

[]:

break the ice

[]:

britannia

[]:

burn the candle at both ends

[]:

cygnet

[]:

decalogue

[]:

hand in

[]:

heifer

[]:

hoe

[]:

homophone

[]:

hypotenuse

[]:

ichthyology

[]:

kiln

[]:

limestone

[]:

palinode

[]:

pentahedron

[]:

percolator

[]:

periscope

[]:

pollen

[]:

rectangle

[]:

thearchy

[]:

regality

[]: [Enid awaited her guests, radiating regality]

purposefully

[]: [Rachael takes the lead, striding purposefully towards the door] [how is it possible to share information effectively and purposefully with project partners?] [we purposefully avoided addressing the problem] [purposefully vague answers]

reducible

[]: [Shakespeare's major soliloquies are not reducible to categories]

follow suit

[]: [Spain cut its rates by half a per cent but no other country has followed suit]

lexicography

[]: [Webster's name had become famous before he embarked on his career in lexicography]

scabbard

[]: [a ceremonial sword hung at his side in a gilded scabbard]

vestment

[]: [a priest in green vestments came and preached a long sermon]

reprehend

[]: [a recklessness which cannot be too severely reprehended]

armful

[]: [a shop assistant scuttled into the changing rooms with an armful of clothes] [most of us will end up with armfuls of stuff we do not need]

versatility

[]: [a writer of remarkable versatility] [the versatility of the modern computer as a study aid]

save face

[]: [allowing the guerrillas to save face and disarm]

coordination

[]: [an important managerial task is the control and coordination of activities] [action groups work in coordination with local groups to end rainforest destruction] [changing from one foot position to another requires coordination and balance]

you

[]: [are you listening?] [I love you] [you Americans] [you fools] [hey, you!]

masonry