MDCA human diseases

What do you recall about cerebral palsy?

A neurological assessment is the first common diagnostic tool.

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Abnormal opening between the right and left ventricles

atrial septal defect (ASD)

Abnormal opening between the two atria

Which of the following is the single most helpful diagnostic tool of neoplasms?

Biopsy by needle aspiration, endoscopy or surgical incision

What are the two types of orofacial clefts?

Cleft lip and cleft palate are the two most common forms of orofacial clefts.

What is the term used to identify Down syndrome that names the congenital defect?

Down syndrome or Down's syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of the third copy of chromosome 21. It is usually associated with physical growth delays, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and characteristic facial features.

Can you name at least three congenital defects of the ureter, bladder, and urethra?

Duplicated ureters are having two ureters rather than one. The retrocaval ureter is when the R ureter passes behind IVC before entering urinary bladder. Ectopic orifice of ureter this is when the ureteral opening inserts into the vagina/prostate.

The abbreviation TEF is used for what disorder? Tracheoesophageal fistula

Esophageal atresia

patent ductus arteriosus

Failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to completely close

Where have stem cell and bone marrow transplants been most effective in treatment?

Hodgkin disease and multiple myeloma

Which of the following is treatment for cancers of leukemias, lymphomas, and some other tumors?

Immunotherapy/biotherapy

Spina Bifida occulta

Incomplete closure of one or more vertebrae

meningocele

Incomplete closure of vertebrae with protrusion of spinal fluid and meninges into the sac.

What do you know about fetal alcohol syndrome?

It is totally preventable.

How might you best describe an omphalocele

It mauy be detected proir to birth through ultrasound.

What is the congenital disease that affects only males?

Klinefelter's syndrome is a genetic it is a chromosomal condition that only affects males.

Cancer of the _________ is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women.

Lung

Can you name the surgery for cancer that is done to sustain an individual or alleviate pain?

Palliative

What does PKU stand for? Describe the condition. Phenylketonuria is an inherited genetic defect due to an error in phenylalanine metabolism. Phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme, is needed to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine. In PKU, this enzyme is absent, so phenylalanine accumulates in the blood and urine.

Phenylketonuria is a rare genetic condition that causes an amino acid called phenylalanine to build up in the body. Phenylketonuria has an inherited disorder of metabolism that can cause an increase in the blood of a chemical known as phenylalanine.

What is the syndrome of rhythm disturbances? Spell it out correctly.

Tachycardia, Bradycardia, Cardioversion, Arrhythmia, Atropine Oral, Vagal Maneuvers

What is known about cleft lip and palate?

The defect may occur singly or together and vary in severity.

What is the characteristic symptom in pyloric stenosis?

The majority of babies with this condition appear fine at birth. They start to have gastrointestinal issues, which are the main symptoms of pyloric stenosis. The symptoms of pyloric stenosis typically begin and become progressively worse during the first few months of life. Symptoms may include Unlike with a stomach bug, babies with pyloric stenosis generally don't seem as sick in between feedings.

What are the four most common forms of clubfoot or talipes?

There are four types of clubfoot, including talipes varus, talipes valgus, talipes equines, and talipes calcaneus.

What are the three forms of congenital hip dysplasia?

There are three types of Hip Dysplasia. Acetabular dysplasia is when the ball remains in the socket, but the socket is too shallow to keep the ball in place. The subluxable is when the ball is located in the socket, but in certain positions when pushing on the hip, the ball can be pushed partially out of the socket.

What is the classic symptoms of Tourette syndrome?

Tics are sudden, repetitive, uncontrolled movements or sounds. There are simple motor tics that involve a limited number of muscles are facial grimacing, blinking, eye darting, shoulder shrugging, nose twitching, and patterned eyelid twitching.

What are the substances in the blood, urine, and tissues of individuals with cancer that are used in diagnosis and prediction of certain therapies?

Tumor markers of the cancer

Malignant tumor

is a new formation that is invasive, grows rather rapidly, is anaplastic, and is capable of metastasis.

Benign tumor

is a new formation that may grow slowly and remains localized.

Neoplasm/cancer

is a new formation that serves no useful purpose. it is uncontrollable and progressive.

Precision medicine

is also known as personalized medicine and is based on genetic understanding of a patient's disease. Answer text

Breast cancer

is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women.

coarctation of the aorta

localized narrowing or constriction of the aorta

myelomeningocele

External sac that contains meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and a portion of the cord and nerve roots.