Med 165- chapter 26

Sickle cell anemia is characterized by

a genetic mutation of hemoglobin. periodic episodes of pain. frequent infections.

When a blood clot forms, the plasma protein ______ is activated to create a mesh that entraps blood cells and platelets.

fibrinogen

A major type of plasma protein is:

fibrinogen. albumin. globulin

Red blood cell production is dependent on which of the following substances?

iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid (vitamin B9)

The organ that produces erythropoietin and is responsible for regulating the production of RBCs is the:

kidney

Diapedesis is the movement of a(n):

leukocyte through a blood vessel wall.

A WBC count above normal is called _________ and is often the result of a bacterial infection.

leukocytosis

Serum

liquid portion of the blood that remains after clotting

People with type AB blood have:

neither antibody A nor antibody B in their plasma.

Type O blood has:

neither type A nor type B antigens on the surface of their RBCs.

Rank these white blood cell types from the most numerous to least numerous in a sample of normal adult blood. Rank the most numerous on top.

neutrophiles lymphocytes monocytes eosinophils basophils

Blood transports oxygen and ______ to tissues.

nutrients

Aplastic anemia

occurs when the bone marrow is not making enough erythrocytes

Hemoglobin that carries oxygen is called:

oxyhemoglobin

Globulin

plasma protein that transports lipids and vitamins

An embolus is dangerous because it can cause a(n):

pulmonary embolism. stroke. myocardial infarction.

The following are characteristics associated with thalassemia major:

splenomegaly, failure to thrive, and bronzed skin

Which of the following is a type of anemia is caused by a defective hemoglobin chain and primarily occurs in patients of Mediterranean descent?

thalassemia anemia

During fetal development, RBCs are made in the

the yolk sac, the liver, and the spleen

Blood is composed of:

thrombocytes, erythrocytes, leukocytes, plasma

A clot that forms on the side of a blood vessel with no known injury is called a(n):

thrombus.

The blood type that is considered the universal recipient is ______ because most can receive all ABO blood types.

type AB.

A person with type B blood can receive blood from a person with:

type B, type O.

A person with _________ blood is considered a universal donor because their blood can be given to most people.

type O

Type A blood has which of the following characteristics?

It has A antigens. It has antibody B in its plasma.

Which of the following is a protein first discovered on RBCs of rhesus monkeys?

The Rh antigen

A healthy person normally has a hematocrit level of about:

45%

The plasma of a person with type B blood has which of the following antibodies?

A antibodies

______ is the clumping of RBCs following a blood transfusion if the patient's blood is not compatible with the donor's blood.

Agglutination

Albumin

Aids in pulling water into the bloodstream to help maintain blood pressure

Which of the following conditions can result in a child born with erythroblastosis fetalis?

An Rh-negative female mates with an Rh-positive male.

Which of the following characteristics apply to the volume of blood in the human body?

Blood volume varies, depending on the concentration of certain ions in the blood. Blood volume varies, depending on the amount of adipose tissue in the body. Blood volume varies, depending on the person's size

Anemia can be caused by which of the following?

Chronic blood loss Iron deficiency Kidney failure Bone marrow disorder

Vitamin B9 and B12 are important in ______ synthesis.

DNA

Erythroblastosis fetalis

Develops in a fetus with Rh-positive blood as a result of antibodies in an Rh-negative mother's body.

Serum

Fluid that is left when all of the clotting factors have been removed from the plasma.

Which blood disorder is characterized by dyspnea on exertion, hepatomegaly, swollen (non-tender) lymph nodes, abnormal bruising and excessive sweating?

Leukemia

Which of the following is a condition that results in a lower than normal white blood cell count?

Leukopenia

Which of the following is responsible for producing platelets?

Megakaryocytes

Lipoprotein

Molecule that carries lipids such as cholesterol and triglycerides through the bloodstream

This type of WBC is the most numerous of all WBCs and their numbers increase at the beginning of bacterial and viral infections?

Neutrophils

Which of the following gases are dissolved in plasma?

Nitrogen Carbon dioxide Oxygen

thalassemia anemia

Occurs when a defective hemoglobin chain causes microcytic (small), hypochromic (pale), and short-lived red blood cells.

Hemolytic anemia

Occurs when red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be made.

Pernicious anemia

Occurs when the intestines do not absorb vitamin B12.

Which of the following is a bone marrow disease that results in an abnormally high number of erythrocytes, causing the blood to thicken?

Polycythemia vera

Fibrinogen

Protein in plasma that is important for blood clotting

Red blood cells (RBCs) are characterized by which of the following?

Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, are biconcave-shaped, and carry oxygen.

To prevent erythroblastosis fetalis, an Rh-negative woman is given _____ to prevent the Rh-negative woman from making antibodies against the Rh antigen.

RhoGam

Which of the following blood types can a person with type A donate red blood cells to?

Type A Type AB

_____ and urea are common nitrogen-based waste products produced by cells in the plasma.

Uric acid

If an Rh-negative person's blood is exposed to Rh-positive blood, antibodies will bind to the Rh antigens. In the event of a second exposure.

agglutination will occur.

when the RBC count is low, a condition known as _____________ occurs.

anemia

Antigens on a patient's erythrocytes will bind to __________ in the donor's plasma causing agglutination and subsequent anemia if the blood used in the transfusion was not compatible.

antibodies

Granulocytes have granules in their cytoplasm and include:

basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils.

Platelets are involved in the:

blood clotting

Rank the order of the four major events that occur during hemostasis

blood vessel spasm platelet plug formation blood coagulation fibrinolysis

Which of the following are electrolytes dissolved in plasma?

calcium, magnesium, sulfate

Red blood cells carry ______ from the tissues to the lungs for the release from the body.

carbon dioxide

A platelet plug:

decreases the flow of blood from the injured site.

When a WBC leaves the bloodstream to fight an infection, it must squeeze through a blood vessel wall in a process called

diapedesis