Med Surg Exam 3- GI
62. What information is correct about stomach cancer? 1. Stomach pain is often a late symptom. 2. Surgery is often a successful treatment. 3. Chemotherapy and radiation are often successful treatments. 4. The patient can survive for an extended time with TPN.
1. Stomach pain is often a late symptom. Stomach pain is often a late sign of stomach cancer; outcomes are particularly poor when the cancer reaches that point. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation have minimal positive effects. TPN may enhance the growth of the cancer
65. You promote hemodynamic stability in a patient with upper GI bleeding by: 1. Encouraging oral fluid intake. 2. Monitoring central venous pressure. 3. Monitoring laboratory test results and vital signs. 4. Giving blood, electrolyte and fluid replacement
4. Giving blood, electrolyte and fluid replacement To stabilize a patient with acute bleeding, NS or LR solution is given I.V. until BP rises and urine output returns to 30ml/hr.
80. You're patient, post-op drainage of a pelvic abscess secondary to diverticulitis, begins to cough violently after drinking water. His wound has ruptured and a small segment of the bowel is protruding. What's your priority? 1. Ask the patient what happened, call the doctor, and cover the area with a water-soaked bedsheet. 2. Obtain vital signs, call the doctor, and obtain emergency orders. 3. Have a CAN hold the wound together while you obtain vital signs, call the doctor and flex the patient's knees. 4. Have the doctor called while you remain with the patient, flex the patient's knees, and cover the wound with sterile towels soaked in sterile saline solution.
4. Have the doctor called while you remain with the patient, flex the patient's knees, and cover the wound with sterile towels soaked in sterile saline solution.
59. Hepatic encephalopathy develops when the blood level of which substance increases? 1. Ammonia 2. Amylase 3. Calcium 4. Potassium
1. Ammonia Ammonia levels increase d/t improper shunting of blood, causing ammonia to enter systemic circulation, which carries it to the brain.
73. A 53 y.o. patient has undergone a partial gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma of the stomach. An NG tube is in place and is connected to low continuous suction. During the immediate postoperative period, you expect the gastric secretions to be which color? 1. Brown. 2. Clear. 3. Red. 4. Yellow.
3. Red Normally, drainage is bloody for the first 24 hours after a partial gastrectomy; then it changes to brown-tinged and then to yellow or clear.
74. Your patient has a retractable gastric peptic ulcer and has had a gastric vagotomy. Which factor increases as a result of vagotomy? 1. Peristalsis. 2. Gastric acidity. 3. Gastric motility. 4. Gastric pH.
4. Gastric pH. If the vagus nerve is cut as it enters the stomach, gastric acid secretion is decreased, but intestinal motility is also decreased and gastric emptying is delayed. Because gastric acids are decreased, gastric pH increases
57. Annabelle is being discharged with a colostomy, and you're teaching her about colostomy care. Which statement correctly describes a healthy stoma? 1. "At first, the stoma may bleed slightly when touched." 2. "The stoma should appear dark and have a bluish hue." 3. "A burning sensation under the stoma faceplate is normal." 4. "The stoma should remain swollen away from the abdomen."
1. "At first, the stoma may bleed slightly when touched." For the first few days to a week, slight bleeding normally occurs when the stoma is touched because the surgical site is still new. She should report profuse bleeding immediately.
26. Michael, a 42 y.o. man is admitted to the med-surg floor with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. His BP is 136/76, pulse 96, Resps 22 and temp 101. His past history includes hyperlipidemia and alcohol abuse. The doctor prescribes an NG tube. Before inserting the tube, you explain the purpose to patient. Which of the following is a most accurate explanation? 1. "It empties the stomach of fluids and gas." 2. "It prevents spasms at the sphincter of Oddi." 3. "It prevents air from forming in the small intestine and large intestine." 4. "It removes bile from the gallbladder."
1. "It empties the stomach of fluids and gas." An NG tube is inserted into the patients stomach to drain fluid and gas.
54. Gail is scheduled for a cholecystectomy. After completion of preoperative teaching, Gail states,"If I lie still and avoid turning after the operation, I'll avoid pain. Do you think this is a good idea?" What is the best response? 1. "You'll need to turn from side to side every 2 hours." 2. "It's always a good idea to rest quietly after surgery." 3. "The doctor will probably order you to lie flat for 24 hours." 4. "Why don't you decide about activity after you return from the recovery room?
1. "You'll need to turn from side to side every 2 hours." To prevent venous stasis and improve muscle tone, circulation, and respiratory function, encourage her to move after surgery.
40. Your teaching Anthony how to use his new colostomy. How much skin should remain exposed between the stoma and the ring of the appliance? 1. 1/16" 2. 1/4″ 3. 1/2" 4. 1"
1. 1/16" Only a small amount of skin should be exposed and more than 1/16" of skin allows the excretement to irritate the skin.
17. You are developing a care plan on Sally, a 67 y.o. patient with hepatic encephalopathy. Which of the following do you include? 1. Administering a lactulose enema as ordered. 2. Encouraging a protein-rich diet. 3. Administering sedatives, as necessary. 4. Encouraging ambulation at least four times a day.
1. Administering a lactulose enema as ordered You may administer the laxative lactulose to reduce ammonia levels in the colon.
27. Jason, a 22 y.o. accident victim, requires an NG tube for feeding. What should you immediately do after inserting an NG tube for liquid enteral feedings? 1. Aspirate for gastric secretions with a syringe. 2. Begin feeding slowly to prevent cramping. 3. Get an X-ray of the tip of the tube within 24 hours. 4. Clamp off the tube until the feedings begin.
1. Aspirate for gastric secretions with a syringe. Aspirating the stomach contents confirms correct placement. If an X-ray is ordered, it should be done immediately, not in 24 hours
16. You're caring for Betty with liver cirrhosis. Which of the following assessment findings leads you to suspect hepatic encephalopathy in her? 1. Asterixis 2. Chvostek's sign 3. Trousseau's sign 4. Hepatojugular reflex
1. Asterixis Asterixis is an early neurologic sign of hepatic encephalopathy elicited by asking the patient to hold her arms stretched out. Asterixis is present if the hands rapidly extend and flex.
29. Type A chronic gastritis can be distinguished from type B by its ability to: 1. Cause atrophy of the parietal cells. 2. Affect only the antrum of the stomach. 3. Thin the lining of the stomach walls. 4. Decrease gastric secretions.
1. Cause atrophy of the parietal cells. Type A causes changes in parietal cells
66. You're preparing a patient with a malignant tumor for colorectal surgery and subsequent colostomy. The patient tells you he's anxious. What should your initial step be in working with this patient? 1. Determine what the patient already knows about colostomies. 2. Show the patient some pictures of colostomies. 3. Arrange for someone who has a colostomy to visit the patient. 4. Provide the patient with written material about colostomy care
1. Determine what the patient already knows about colostomies. Initially, you should assess the patient's knowledge about colostomies and how it will affect his lifestyle
25. Stephen is a 62 y.o. patient that has had a liver biopsy. Which of the following groups of signs alert you to a possible pneumothorax? 1. Dyspnea and reduced or absent breath sounds over the right lung 2. Tachycardia, hypotension, and cool, clammy skin 3. Fever, rebound tenderness, and abdominal rigidity 4. Redness, warmth, and drainage at the biopsy site
1. Dyspnea and reduced or absent breath sounds over the right lung Signs and Symptoms of pneumothorax include dyspnea and decreased or absent breath sounds over the affected lung (right lung).
14. You're caring for Jane, a 57 y.o. patient with liver cirrhosis who developed ascites and requires paracentesis. Before her paracentesis, you instruct her to: 1. Empty her bladder. 2. Lie supine in bed. 3. Remain NPO for 4 hours. 4. Clean her bowels with an enema.
1. Empty her bladder A full bladder can interfere with paracentesis and be punctured inadvertently
55. You're caring for a 28 y.o. woman with hepatitis B. She's concerned about the duration of her recovery. Which response isn't appropriate? 1. Encourage her to not worry about the future. 2. Encourage her to express her feelings about the illness. 3. Discuss the effects of hepatitis B on future health problems. 4. Provide avenues for financial counseling if she expresses the need.
1. Encourage her to not worry about the future. Telling her not to worry minimizes her feelings.
56. Elmer is scheduled for a proctoscopy and has an I.V. The doctor wrote an order for 5mg of I.V. diazepam(Valium). Which order is correct regarding diazepam? 1. Give diazepam in the I.V. port closest to the vein. 2. Mix diazepam with 50 ml of dextrose 5% in water and give over 15 minutes. 3. Give diazepam rapidly I.V. to prevent the bloodstream from diluting the drug mixture. 4. Question the order because I.V. administration of diazepam is contraindicated
1. Give diazepam in the I.V. port closest to the vein. Diazepam is absorbed by the plastic I.V. tubing and should be given in the port closest to the vein.
51. Nathaniel has severe pruritus due to having hepatitis B. What is the best intervention for his comfort? 1. Give tepid baths. 2. Avoid lotions and creams. 3. Use hot water to increase vasodilation. 4. Use cold water to decrease the itching.
1. Give tepid baths. For pruritus, care should include tepid sponge baths and use of emollient creams and lotions
18. You have a patient with achalasia (incomplete muscle relaxation of the GI tract, especially sphincter muscles). Which medications do you anticipate to administer? 1. Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) 2. Digoxin (Lanoxin) 3. Captopril (Capoten) 4. Propranolol (Inderal)
1. Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordiol) Achalasia is characterized by incomplete relaxation of the LES, dilation of the lower esophagus, and a lack of esophageal peristalsis. Because nitrates relax the lower esophageal sphincter, expect to give Isordil orally or sublingually.
69. The student nurse is teaching the family of a patient with liver failure. You instruct them to limit which foods in the patient's diet? 1. Meats and beans. 2. Butter and gravies. 3. Potatoes and pastas. 4. Cakes and pastries.
1. Meats and beans. Meats and beans are high-protein foods. In liver failure, the liver is unable to metabolize protein adequately, causing protein by-products to build up in the body rather than be excreted
70. An intubated patient is receiving continuous enteral feedings through a Salem sump tube at a rate of 60ml/hr. Gastric residuals have been 30-40ml when monitored Q4H. You check the gastric residual and aspirate 220ml. What is your first response to this finding? 1. Notify the doctor immediately. 2. Stop the feeding, and clamp the NG tube. 3. Discard the 220ml, and clamp the NG tube. 4. Give a prescribed GI stimulant such as metoclopramide (Reglan).
1. Notify the doctor immediately. A gastric residual greater than 2 hours worth of feeding or 100-150ml is considered too high. The feeding should be stopped; NG tube clamped, and then allow time for the stomach to empty before additional feeding is added.
37. Glenda has cholelithiasis (gallstones). You expect her to complain of: 1. Pain in the right upper quadrant, radiating to the shoulder. 2. Pain in the right lower quadrant, with rebound tenderness. 3. Pain in the left upper quadrant, with shortness of breath. 4. Pain in the left lower quadrant, with mild cramping.
1. Pain in the right upper quadrant, radiating to the shoulder. The gallbladder is located in the RUQ and a frequent sign of gallstones is pain radiating to the shoulder
31. Jerod is experiencing an acute episode of ulcerative colitis. Which is priority for this patient? 1. Replace lost fluid and sodium. 2. Monitor for increased serum glucose level from steroid therapy. 3. Restrict the dietary intake of foods high in potassium. 4. Note any change in the color and consistency of stools.
1. Replace lost fluid and sodium. Diarrhea d/t an acute episode of ulcerative colitis leads to fluid & electrolyte losses so fluid replacement takes priority.
49. Sharon has cirrhosis of the liver and develops ascites. What intervention is necessary to decrease the excessive accumulation of serous fluid in her peritoneal cavity? 1. Restrict fluids 2. Encourage ambulation 3. Increase sodium in the diet 4. Give antacids as prescribed
1. Restrict fluids Restricting fluids decrease the amount of body fluid and the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal space
64. A patient has an acute upper GI hemorrhage. Your interventions include: 1. Treating hypovolemia. 2. Treating hypervolemia. 3. Controlling the bleeding source. 4. Treating shock and diagnosing the bleeding source.
1. Treating hypovolemia. A patient with an acute upper GI hemorrhage must be treated for hypovolemia and hemorrhagic shock. You as a nurse can't diagnose the problem. Controlling the bleeding may require surgery or intensive medical treatmen
75. Christina is receiving an enteral feeding that requires a concentration of 80 ml of supplement mixed with 20 ml of water. How much water do you mix with an 8 oz (240ml) can of feeding? 1. 60 ml. 2. 70 ml. 3. 80 ml. 4. 90 ml.
1.60 It's 80/20 = 240/X. X=60.
76. Which stoma would you expect a malodorous, enzyme-rich, caustic liquid output that is yellow, green, or brown? 1. Ileostomy. 2. Ascending colostomy. 3. Transverse colostomy. 4. Descending colostomy.
1.Ileostomy The output from an Ileostomy is described
12. You're developing the plan of care for a patient experiencing dumping syndrome after a Billroth II procedure. Which dietary instructions do you include? 1. Omit fluids with meals. 2. Increase carbohydrate intake. 3. Decrease protein intake. 4. Decrease fat intake.
1.Omit fluids with meals. Gastric emptying time can be delayed by omitting fluids from your patient's meal. A diet low in carbs and high in fat & protein is recommended to treat dumping syndrome.
10. Arthur has a family history of colon cancer and is scheduled to have a sigmoidoscopy. He is crying as he tells you, "I know that I have colon cancer, too." Which response is most therapeutic? 1. "I know just how you feel." 2. "You seem upset." 3. "Oh, don't worry about it, everything will be just fine." 4. "Why do you think you have cancer?"
2. "You seem upset." Making observations about what you see or hear is a useful therapeutic technique. This way, you acknowledge that you are interested in what the patient is saying and feeling.
24. Develop a teaching care plan for Angie who is about to undergo a liver biopsy. Which of the following points do you include? 1. "You'll need to lie on your stomach during the test." 2. "You'll need to lie on your right side after the test." 3. "During the biopsy you'll be asked to exhale deeply and hold it." 4. "The biopsy is performed under general anesthesia."
2. "You'll need to lie on your right side after the test." After a liver biopsy, the patient is placed on the right side to compress the liver and to reduce the risk of bleeding or bile leakage.
67. Your patient, Christopher, has a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and has severe abdominal pain aggravated by movement, rebound tenderness, fever, nausea, and decreased urine output. This may indicate which complication? 1. Fistula. 2. Bowel perforation. 3. Bowel obstruction. 4. Abscess.
2. Bowel perforation. An inflammatory condition that affects the surface of the colon, ulcerative colitis causes friability and erosions with bleeding. Patients with ulcerative colitis are at increased risk for bowel perforation, toxic megacolon, hemorrhage, cancer, and other anorectal and systemic complications.
28. Stephanie, a 28 y.o. accident victim, requires TPN. The rationale for TPN is to provide: 1. Necessary fluids and electrolytes to the body. 2. Complete nutrition by the I.V. route. 3. Tube feedings for nutritional supplementation. 4. Dietary supplementation with liquid protein given between meals.
2. Complete nutrition by the I.V. route. TPN is given I.V. to provide all the nutrients your patient needs. TPN isn't a tube feeding nor is it a liquid dietary supplement.
15. After abdominal surgery, your patient has a severe coughing episode that causes wound evisceration. In addition to calling the doctor, which intervention is most appropriate? 1. Irrigate the wound & organs with Betadine. 2. Cover the wound with a saline soaked sterile dressing. 3. Apply a dry sterile dressing & binder. 4. Push the organs back & cover with moist sterile dressings.
2. Cover the wound with a saline soaked sterile dressing. Cover the organs with a sterile, nonadherent dressing moistened with normal saline. Do this to prevent infection and to keep the organs from drying out.
61. Findings during an endoscopic exam include a cobblestone appearance of the colon in your patient. The findings are characteristic of which disorder? 1. Ulcer 2. Crohn's disease 3. Chronic gastritis 4. Ulcerative colitis
2. Crohn's disease Crohn's disease penetrates the mucosa of the colon through all layers and destroys the colon in patches, which creates a cobblestone appearance.
13. You're caring for Lewis, a 67 y.o. patient with liver cirrhosis who developed ascites and requires paracentesis. Relief of which symptom indicated that the paracentesis was effective? 1. Pruritus 2. Dyspnea 3. Jaundice 4. Peripheral Neuropathy
2. Dyspnea Ascites puts pressure on the diaphragm. Paracentesis is done to remove fluid and reducing pressure on the diaphragm. The goal is to improve the patient's breathing. The others are signs of cirrhosis that aren't relieved by paracentesis
9. You're preparing a teaching plan for a 27 y.o. named Jeff who underwent surgery to close a temporary ileostomy. Which nutritional guideline do you include in this plan? 1. There is no need to change eating habits. 2. Eat six small meals a day. 3. Eat the largest meal in the evening. 4. Restrict fluid intake.
2. Eat six small meals a day To avoid overloading the small intestine, encourage the patient to eat six small, regularly spaced meals.
46. Ralph has a history of alcohol abuse and has acute pancreatitis. Which lab value is most likely to be elevated? 1. Calcium 2. Glucose 3. Magnesium 4. Potassium
2. Glucose Glucose level increases and diabetes mellitus may result d/t the pancreatic damage to the islets of langerhans
44. Before bowel surgery, Lee is to administer enemas until clear. During administration, he complains of intestinal cramps. What do you do next? 1. Discontinue the procedure. 2. Lower the height of the enema container. 3. Complete the procedure as quickly as possible. 4. Continue administration of the enema as ordered without making any adjustments.
2. Lower the height of the enema container. Lowering the height decreases the amount of flow, allowing him to tolerate more fluid.
41. Claire, a 33 y.o. is on your floor with a possible bowel obstruction. Which intervention is priority for her? 1. Obtain daily weights. 2. Measure abdominal girth. 3. Keep strict intake and output. 4. Encourage her to increase fluids.
2. Measure abdominal girth. Measuring abdominal girth provides quantitative information about increases or decreases in the amount of distention
43. You're patient is complaining of abdominal pain during assessment. What is your priority? 1. Auscultate to determine changes in bowel sounds. 2. Observe the contour of the abdomen. 3. Palpate the abdomen for a mass. 4. Percuss the abdomen to determine if fluid is present.
2. Observe the contour of the abdomen. The first step in assessing the abdomen is to observe its shape and contour, then auscultate, palpate, and then percuss.
30. Matt is a 49 y.o. with a hiatal hernia that you are about to counsel. Health care counseling for Matt should include which of the following instructions? 1. Restrict intake of high-carbohydrate foods. 2. Increase fluid intake with meals. 3. Increase fat intake. 4. Eat three regular meals a day.
2.Increase fluid intake with meals. Increasing fluids helps empty the stomach. A high carb diet isn't restricted and fat intake shouldn't be increased.
77. George has a T tube in place after gallbladder surgery. Before discharge, what information or instructions should be given regarding the T tube drainage? 1. "If there is any drainage, notify the surgeon immediately." 2. "The drainage will decrease daily until the bile duct heals." 3. "First, the drainage is dark green; then it becomes dark yellow." 4. "If the drainage stops, milk the tube toward the puncture wound."
3. "First, the drainage is dark green; then it becomes dark yellow." As healing occurs from the bile duct, bile drains from the tube; the amount of bile should decrease. Teach the patient to expect dark green drainage and to notify the doctor if drainage stops.
68. A patient has a severe exacerbation of ulcerative colitis. Long-term medications will probably include: 1. Antacids. 2. Antibiotics. 3. Corticosteroids. 4. Histamine2-receptor blockers
3. Corticosteroids. Medications to control inflammation such as corticosteroids are used for long-term treatment
79. The student nurse is participating in colorectal cancer-screening program. Which patient has the fewest risk factors for colon cancer? 1. Janice, a 45 y.o. with a 25-year history of ulcerative colitis 2. George, a 50 y.o. whose father died of colon cancer 3. Herman, a 60 y.o. who follows a low-fat, high-fiber diet 4. Sissy, a 72 y.o. with a history of breast cancer
3. Herman, a 60 y.o. who follows a low-fat, high-fiber diet
72. Kevin has a history of peptic ulcer disease and vomits coffee-ground emesis. What does this indicate? 1. He has fresh, active upper GI bleeding. 2. He needs immediate saline gastric lavage. 3. His gastric bleeding occurred 2 hours earlier. 4. He needs a transfusion of packed RBC's.
3. His gastric bleeding occurred 2 hours earlier. Coffee-ground emesis occurs when there is upper GI bleeding that has undergone gastric digestion. For blood to appear as coffee-ground emesis, it would have to be digested for approximately 2 hours
78. Your patient Maria takes NSAIDS for her degenerative joint disease, has developed peptic ulcer disease. Which drug is useful in preventing NSAID-induced peptic ulcer disease? 1. Calcium carbonate (Tums) 2. Famotidine (Pepcid) 3. Misoprostol (Cytotec) 4. Sucralfate (Carafate)
3. Misoprostol (Cytotec) Misoprostol restores prostaglandins that protect the stomach from NSAIDS, which diminish the prostaglandins
42. Your patient has a GI tract that is functioning, but has the inability to swallow foods. Which is the preferred method of feeding for your patient? 1. TPN 2. PPN 3. NG feeding 4. Oral liquid supplements
3. NG feeding Because the GI tract is functioning, feeding methods involve the enteral route which bypasses the mouth but allows for a major portion of the GI tract to be used.
71. Your patient with peritonitis is NPO and complaining of thirst. What is your priority? 1. Increase the I.V. infusion rate. 2. Use diversion activities. 3. Provide frequent mouth care. 4. Give ice chips every 15 minutes.
3. Provide frequent mouth care. Frequent mouth care helps relieve dry mouth
20. Britney, a 20 y.o. student is admitted with acute pancreatitis. Which laboratory findings do you expect to be abnormal for this patient? 1. Serum creatinine and BUN 2. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 3. Serum amylase and lipase 4. Cardiac enzymes
3. Serum amylase and lipase Pancreatitis involves activation of pancreatic enzymes, such as amylase and lipase. These levels are elevated in a patient with acute pancreatitis.
63. Dark, tarry stools indicate bleeding in which location of the GI tract? 1. Upper colon. 2. Lower colon. 3. Upper GI tract. 4. Small intestine.
3. Upper GI tract. Melena is the passage of dark, tarry stools that contain a large amount of digested blood. It occurs with bleeding from the upper GI tract
8. You're caring for Carin who has just had ileostomy surgery. During the first 24 hours post-op, how much drainage can you expect from the ileostomy? 1. 100 ml 2. 500 ml 3. 1500 ml 4. 5000 ml
3.1500mL The large intestine absorbs large amounts of water so the initial output from the ileostomy may be as much as 1500 to 2000 ml/24 hours. Gradually, the small intestine absorbs more fluid and the output decreases.
11. You're caring for Beth who underwent a Billroth II procedure (surgical removal of the pylorus and duodenum) for treatment of a peptic ulcer. Which findings suggest that the patient is developing dumping syndrome, a complication associated with this procedure? 1. Flushed, dry skin. 2. Headache and bradycardia. 3. Dizziness and sweating. 4. Dyspnea and chest pain.
3.Dizziness and sweating. After a Billroth II procedure, a large amount of hypertonic fluid enters the intestine. This causes extracellular fluid to move rapidly into the bowel, reducing circulating blood volume and producing vasomotor symptoms. Vasomotor symptoms produced by dumping syndrome include dizziness and sweating, tachycardia, syncope, pallor, and palpitations.
19. The student nurse is preparing a teaching care plan to help improve nutrition in a patient with achalasia. You include which of the following: 1. Swallow foods while leaning forward. 2. Omit fluids at mealtimes. 3. Eat meals sitting upright. 4. Avoid soft and semi soft foods.
3.Eat meals sitting upright Eating in the upright position aids in emptying the esophagus. Doing the opposite of the other three also may be helpful.
36. Brenda, a 36 y.o. patient is on your floor with acute pancreatitis. Treatment for her includes: 1. Continuous peritoneal lavage. 2. Regular diet with increased fat. 3. Nutritional support with TPN. 4. Insertion of a T tube to drain the pancreas.
3.Nutritional support with TPN With acute pancreatitis, you need to rest the GI tract by TPN as nutritional support.
53. You're discharging Nathaniel with hepatitis B. Which statement suggests understanding by the patient? 1. "Now I can never get hepatitis again." 2. "I can safely give blood after 3 months." 3. "I'll never have a problem with my liver again, even if I drink alcohol." 4. "My family knows that if I get tired and start vomiting, I may be getting sick again."
4. "My family knows that if I get tired and start vomiting, I may be getting sick again." Hepatitis B can recur. Patients who have had hepatitis are permanently barred from donating blood. Alcohol is metabolized by the liver and should be avoided by those who have or had hepatitis B
48. Sitty, a 66 y.o. patient underwent a colostomy for ruptured diverticulum. She did well during the surgery and returned to your med-surg floor in stable condition. You assess her colostomy 2 days after surgery. Which finding do you report to the doctor? 1. Blanched stoma 2. Edematous stoma 3. Reddish-pink stoma 4. Brownish-black stoma
4. Brownish-black stoma A brownish-black color indicates lack of blood flow, and maybe necrosis
50. Katrina is diagnosed with lactose intolerance. To avoid complications with lack of calcium in the diet, which food should be included in the diet? 1. Fruit 2. Whole grains 3. Milk and cheese products 4. Dark green, leafy vegetables
4. Dark green, leafy vegetables Dark green, leafy vegetables are rich in calcium.
58. A patient who underwent abdominal surgery now has a gaping incision due to delayed wound healing. Which method is correct when you irrigate a gaping abdominal incision with sterile normal saline solution, using a piston syringe? 1. Rapidly instill a stream of irrigating solution into the wound. 2. Apply a wet-to-dry dressing to the wound after the irrigation. 3. Moisten the area around the wound with normal saline solution after the irrigation. 4. Irrigate continuously until the solution becomes clear or all of the solution is used
4. Irrigate continuously until the solution becomes clear or all of the solution is used To wash away tissue debris and drainage effectively, irrigate the wound until the solution becomes clear or all the solution is used.
47. Anna is 45 y.o. and has a bleeding ulcer. Despite multiple blood transfusions, her HGB is 7.5g/dl and HCT is 27%. Her doctor determines that surgical intervention is necessary and she undergoes partial gastrectomy. Postoperative nursing care includes: 1. Giving pain medication Q6H. 2. Flushing the NG tube with sterile water. 3. Positioning her in high Fowler's position. 4. Keeping her NPO until the return of peristalsis.
4. Keeping her NPO until the return of peristalsis. After surgery, she remains NPO until peristaltic activity returns. This decreases the risk for abdominal distention and obstruction.
38. After an abdominal resection for colon cancer, Madeline returns to her room with a Jackson-Pratt drain in place. The purpose of the drain is to: 1. Irrigate the incision with a saline solution. 2. Prevent bacterial infection of the incision. 3. Measure the amount of fluid lost after surgery. 4. Prevent accumulation of drainage in the wound.
4. Prevent accumulation of drainage in the wound. A Jackson-Pratt drain promotes wound healing by allowing fluid to escape from the wound.
52. Rob is a 46 y.o. admitted to the hospital with a suspected diagnosis of Hepatitis B. He's jaundiced and reports weakness. Which intervention will you include in his care? 1. Regular exercise. 2. A low-protein diet. 3. Allow patient to select his meals. 4. Rest period after small, frequent meals.
4. Rest period after small, frequent meals. Rest periods and small frequent meals is indicated during the acute phase of hepatitis B.
60. Your patient recently had abdominal surgery and tells you that he feels a popping sensation in his incision during a coughing spell, followed by severe pain. You anticipate an evisceration. Which supplies should you take to his room? 1. A suture kit. 2. Sterile water and a suture kit. 3. Sterile water and sterile dressings. 4. Sterile saline solution and sterile dressings.
4. Sterile saline solution and sterile dressings. Saline solution is isotonic, or close to body fluids in content, and is used along with sterile dressings to cover an eviscerated wound and keep it moist.
45. Leigh Ann is receiving pancrelipase (Viokase) for chronic pancreatitis. Which observation best indicates the treatment is effective? 1. There is no skin breakdown. 2. Her appetite improves. 3. She loses more than 10 lbs. 4. Stools are less fatty and decreased in frequency.
4. Stools are less fatty and decreased in frequency. Pancrelipase provides the exocrine pancreatic enzyme necessary for proper protein, fat, and carb digestion. With increased fat digestion and absorption, stools become less frequent and normal in appearance
7. You're doing preoperative teaching with Gertrude who has ulcerative colitis who needs surgery to create an ileoanal reservoir. Which information do you include? 1. A reservoir is created that exits through the abdominal wall. 2. A second surgery is required 12 months after the first surgery. 3. A permanent ileostomy is created. 4. The surgery occurs in two stages.
4. The surgery occurs in two stages. An ileoanal reservoir is created in two stages. The two surgeries are about 2 to 3 months apart. First, diseased intestines are removed and a temporary loop ileostomy is created. Second, the loop ileostomy is closed and stool goes to the reservoir and out through the anus.
39. Anthony, a 60 y.o. patient, has just undergone a bowel resection with a colostomy. During the first 24 hours, which of the following observations about the stoma should you report to the doctor? 1. Pink color. 2. Light edema. 3. Small amount of oozing. 4. Trickles of bright red blood.
4. Trickles of bright red blood. After creation of a colostomy, expect to see a stoma that is pink, slightly edematous, with some oozing. Bright red blood, regardless of amount, indicates bleeding and should be reported to the doctor.
You're caring for a patient with a sigmoid colostomy. The stool from this colostomy is: A-Formed B-Semisolid C-Semiliquid D-Watery
A-Formed- A colostomy in the sigmoid colon produces a solid, formed stool.
A patient with chronic alcohol abuse is admitted with liver failure. You closely monitor the patient's blood pressure because of which change that is associated with the liver failure? A) Hypoalbuminemia B) Increased capillary permeability C) Abnormal peripheral vasodilation D )Excess rennin release from the kidneys
A-Hypoalbuminemia- Blood pressure decreases as the body is unable to maintain normal oncotic pressure with liver failure, so patients with liver failure require close blood pressure monitoring. Increased capillary permeability, abnormal peripheral vasodilation, and excess rennin released from the kidney's aren't direct ramifications of liver failure.
You have to teach ostomy self care to a patient with a colostomy. You tell the patient to measure and cut the wafer: A-To the exact size of the stoma B-About 1/16" larger than the stoma C-About 1/8" larger than the stoma D-About 1/4″ larger than the stoma
B-A proper fit protects the skin, but doesn't impair circulation. A 1/16" should be cut.
You're performing an abdominal assessment on Brent who is 52 y.o. In which order do you proceed? A-Observation, percussion, palpation, auscultation B-Observation, auscultation, percussion, palpation C-Percussion, palpation, auscultation, observation D-Palpation, percussion, observation, auscultation
B-Observation, auscultation, percussion, palpation
You're assessing the stoma of a patient with a healthy, well-healed colostomy. You expect the stoma to appear: A)Pale, pink and moist B)Red and moist C) Dark or purple colored D) Dry and black
B-Red and moist- Good circulation causes tissues to be moist and red, so a healthy, well-healed stoma appears red and moist.
23. Janice is waiting for discharge instructions after her herniorrhaphy. Which of the following instructions do you include? 1. Eat a low-fiber diet. 2. Resume heavy lifting in 2 weeks. 3. Lose weight, if obese. 4. Resume sexual activity once discomfort is gone.
Because obesity weakens the abdominal muscles, advise weight loss for the patient who has had a hernia repair.
You're advising a 21 y.o. with a colostomy who reports problems with flatus. What food should you recommend? A-Peas B-Cabbage C-Broccoli D-Yogurt
D-Yogurt- High-fiber foods stimulate peristalsis, and a result, flatus. Yogurt reduces gas formation.
35. Donald is a 61 y.o. man with diverticulitis. Diverticulitis is characterized by: 1. Periodic rectal hemorrhage. 2. Hypertension and tachycardia. 3. Vomiting and elevated temperature. 4. Crampy and lower left quadrant pain and low-grade fever.
One sign of acute diverticulitis is crampy lower left quadrant pain. A low-grade fever is another common sign.
33. Eleanor, a 62 y.o. woman with diverticulosis is your patient. Which interventions would you expect to include in her care? 1. Low-fiber diet and fluid restrictions. 2. Total parenteral nutrition and bed rest. 3. High-fiber diet and administration of psyllium. 4. Administration of analgesics and antacids.
She needs a high-fiber diet and a psyllium (bulk laxative) to promote normal soft stools.
32. A 29 y.o. patient has an acute episode of ulcerative colitis. What diagnostic test confirms this diagnosis? 1. Barium Swallow. 2. Stool examination. 3. Gastric analysis. 4. Sigmoidoscopy.
Sigmoidoscopy allows direct observation of the colon mucosa for changes, and if needed, biopsy.
34. Regina is a 46 y.o. woman with ulcerative colitis. You expect her stools to look like: 1. Watery and frothy. 2. Bloody and mucous. 3. Firm and well-formed. 4. Alternating constipation and diarrhea.
Stools from ulcerative colitis are often bloody and contain mucus.
22. Your goal is to minimize David's risk of complications after a herniorrhaphy. You instruct the patient to: 1. Avoid the use of pain medication. 2. Cough and deep breathe Q2H. 3. Splint the incision if he can't avoid sneezing or coughing. 4. Apply heat to scrotal swelling.
Teach the pt to avoid activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure such as coughing, sneezing, or straining with a bowel movement
21. A patient with Crohn's disease is admitted after 4 days of diarrhea. Which of the following urine specific gravity values do you expect to find in this patient? 1. 1.005 2. 1.011 3. 1.020 4. 1.030
The normal range of specific gravity of urine is 1.010 to 1.025; a value of 1.030 may be seen with dehydration.