Med Surg I Prep U Chapter 61: Management of Patients with Dermatologic Disorders

While in a skilled nursing facility, a client contracts scabies, which is diagnosed the day after discharge. The client is living at her daughter's home with six other people. During her visit to the clinic, the client asks a staff nurse, "What should my family do?" The most accurate response from the nurse is:

"All family members need to be treated."

The nurse is caring for a geriatric client with thin, chapped, itchy skin. Which nursing intervention should the nurse alter in the plan of care?

Applying lanolin ointment

Which term refers to a graft derived from one part of a client's body and used on another part of that same client's body?

Autograft

The nurse caring for a client with repeated episodes of contact dermatitis is providing instruction to prevent future episodes. Which information should the nurse include?

Avoid cosmetics with fragrance.

Which drug is an oral retinoid used to treat acne?

Isotretinoin

Which infecting agent causes scabies?

Itch mite

The nurse assesses the client and observes reddish-purple to dark blue macules, plaques, and nodules. The nurse recognizes that these manifestations are associated with which condition?

Kaposi sarcoma

Which of the following information regarding the transmission of lice would the nurse identify as a myth?

Lice can jump from one individual to another.

The nurse is caring for a client with questionable lice infestation. The nurse is using a bright light focused on an area of the head to confirm the presence of lice. In which manner is it easiest to differentiate nits from dandruff?

Nits are difficult to move from hair shafts.

A patient is being treated for chronic venous stasis ulcers of the lower extremities. What medication does the nurse understand will increase peripheral blood flow by decreasing the viscosity of blood and assist with the healing of the ulcers?

Pentoxifylline (Trental)

A patient visits a clinic for assessment of an inflammatory skin disorder. The nurse diagnoses the condition as psoriasis based on the appearance of the skin. Which of the following describes the dermatoses?

Red, raised patches of skin covered with silvery scales

A young college student recently had her tongue and lip pierced. She has developed a superinfection of candidiasis from the antibacterial mouthwash. Which of the following would be the correct recommendation for her?

Use an antifungal mouthwash or salt water.

The classic lesions of impetigo manifest as

honey-yellow crusted lesions on an erythematous base.

While assessing the skin of a 45-year-old, fair-skinned female client, the nurse notes a lesion on the medial aspect of her lower leg. It has irregular borders, with various shades of black and brown. The client states that the lesion itches occasionally and bled slightly a few weeks ago. She also reveals a history of sunburns. Based on these signs and symptoms, the nurse suspects:

melanoma

A client is being treated for acne vulgaris. What contributes to follicular irritation?

overproduction of sebum

A client is undergoing photochemotherapy involving a combination of a photosensitizing chemical and ultraviolet light. What health problem does this client most likely have?

psoriasis

What is the major cause of death in toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)?

Infection

The nurse prepares a patient with a benign skin lesion for surgical excision, intralesional corticosteroid therapy, and radiation. Which of the following is most likely the lesion described?

Keloid

A night-shift nurse receives a call from the emergency department about a client with herpes zoster who is going to be admitted to the floor. Based on this diagnosis, where should the nurse assign the client?

Private room

The nurse is instructing the parents of a child with head lice. Which statement should the nurse include?

Use shampoo with piperonyl butoxide.

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a client with toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) or Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Which action should the nurse include?

Frequently inspect the oral cavity.

To treat a client with acne vulgaris, the physician is most likely to order which topical agent for nightly application?

Tretinoin (retinoic acid [Retin-A])

A client comes to the physician's office for treatment of severe sunburn. The nurse takes this opportunity to discuss the importance of protecting the skin from the sun's damaging rays. Which instruction best prevents skin damage?

"Apply sunscreen even on overcast days."

The nurse is working with community groups. At which of the following locations would the nurse anticipate a possible scabies outbreak?

College dormitory

Dry, rough, scaly skin with the presence of itching is best described as:

Pruritis

Photochemotherapy has been used as a treatment for which of the following skin disorders?

Psoriasis

With repeated reactions of contact dermatitis, which of the following can occur?

Secondary bacterial infection

A client is coming to the office to have a growth removed by the doctor. The client asks "What does cryosurgery do to the growth?" What is the correct response?

Through the application of extreme cold, the tissue is destroyed.

Which term describes a fungal infection of the scalp?

Tinea capitis

The nurse notes that the client's lower extremities are covered with very dry skin and that the horny layer of the skin has become thickened. The nurse notes the finding as

lichenification.

The nurse is providing instruction to a client with acne. The nurse promotes avoidance of which food(s)? Select all that apply.

• Chocolate • Ice cream

A client presents with silvery scales on the elbows and knees. The physician has made a diagnosis of plaque psoriasis. What is the probable cause(s) of psoriasis?

• genetic predisposition • a triggering mechanism, such as systemic infection, injury to the skin, vaccination, or injection

When a patient has been diagnosed with scabies, if the infection has spread, family members may complain of pruritus within which time frame?

1 month

What advice should the nurse give a client with dermatitis until the etiology of the dermatitis is identified?

Wear rubber gloves when in contact with soaps.

The nurse is conducting an admission history and physical examination of a client with a history of contact dermatitis. The nurse assesses whether the client uses which medication classification?

Corticosteroids

A dermatologist recommends an over-the-counter suspension to relieve pruritus. The nurse advises the patient that the lotion should be applied:

Every 3 to 4 hours for sustained effectiveness.

The nurse teaches the client who demonstrates herpes zoster (shingles) that

the infection results from reactivation of the chickenpox virus.

A client has been diagnosed with shingles. Which of the following medication classifications will reduce the severity and prevent development of new lesions?

Antiviral

Which medication classification may be used for contact dermatitis?

Corticosteroids

While examining a client's leg, a nurse notes an open ulceration with visible granulation tissue in the wound. Until a wound specialist can be contacted, which type of dressing should the nurse apply?

Moist sterile saline gauze

What advice should the nurse give a client with a furuncle to prevent the spread of the infection?

Never pick or squeeze a furuncle.

A patient is diagnosed with psoriasis after developing scales on the scalp, elbows, and behind the knees. The patient asks the nurse where this was "caught." What is the best response by the nurse?

Psoriasis is an inflammatory dermatosis that results from an overproduction of keratin.

A client has a rash on the arm that has been treated with an antibiotic without eradicating the rash. What type of examination can be used to determine if the rash is a fungal rash using ultraviolet light?

A Wood's light examination

When caring for a client with severe impetigo, the nurse should include which intervention in the care plan?

Administering systemic antibiotics as ordered

Which of the following uses the body's own digestive enzymes to break down necrotic tissues?

Autolytic debridement

A patient is diagnosed with seborrheic dermatitis on the face and is prescribed a corticosteroid preparation for use. What should the nurse educate the patient about regarding use of the steroid on the face?

Avoid using the medication around the eyelids because it may cause cataracts and glaucoma.

A 10-year-old child is brought to the office with complaints of severe itching in both hands that's especially annoying at night. On inspection, the nurse notes gray-brown burrows with epidermal curved ridges and follicular papules. The physician performs a lesion scraping to assess this condition. Based on the signs and symptoms, what diagnosis should the nurse expect?

Scabies