Med surg prep u pre lecture questions 38-44

Absorption is the major function of the small intestine, and occurs when small molecules, vitamins, and minerals pass through the walls of the small intestine and into the bloodstream. T/F

True

Acute pancreatitis presents with fever, jaundice, confusion, agitation, and abdominal guarding. T/F

True

______, the most common cause of acute surgical abdomen in the United States, is the most common reason for emergency abdominal surgery.

Appendicitis

________, an involuntary flapping of the hands, may be seen in stage 2 encephalopathy.

Asterixis

Intrinsic factor, which is secreted by the gastric mucosa, cannot be absorbed without the presence of vitamin __________?

B12

In a radical neck dissection, the tumor and surrounding musculature are removed but the cervical lymph nodes are left intact. T/F

False

Norepinephrine stimulates gastric secretions and motility. T/F

False

Older adults tend to have increased gastric motility. T/F

False

Pancreatic carcinoma has only a 5% survival rate at 5 years regardless of the stage of the disease at diagnosis or treatment. T/F

False

Patients with dumping syndrome after gastric surgery should consume at least 16 ounces of fluid with each meal. T/F

False

The average weight loss following bariatric surgery is 35% to 50% of previous body weight over 2 to 3 years. T/F

False

The hepatitis A virus is transmitted primarily parenterally through percutaneous and permucosal routes. T/F

False

The most common site for a peptic ulcer formation is in the pylorus. T/F

False

The patient with a hiatal hernia should be instructed to lie down for at least 1 hour after eating. T/F

False

The patient with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) should select foods low in fiber in order to minimize intestinal irritation. T/F

False

Traditionally, the term extreme obesity applies to adults whose body mass index (BMI) exceeds 30 kg/m2. T/F

False

_____is a chronic functional disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain associated with diarrhea, constipation, or both.

Irritable bowel syndrome

Digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas include trypsin (aids protein digestion), amylase (aids starch digestion), and _________ which aids fat digestion.

Lipase

A greater risk for obesity is assessed by a waist circumference that is _______inches for women and_______ inches for men.

M-40 W-35

______is a result of obstructed blood flow through the liver and results in ascites and esophageal varices.

Portal hypertension

_______is a burning sensation in the stomach and esophagus that moves up to the mouth.

Pyrosis

In the immediate postoperative period following a neck dissection the nurse must assess for________ (coarse, high-pitched sound on inspiration) which can be heard over the trachea with a stethoscope.

Sridor

______, inflammation of the oral mucosa, is a frequently occurring side effect of chemotherapy or radiation therapy

Stomatitis

After bowel sounds have returned and oral intake is resumed following bariatric surgery, six small feedings consisting of a total of 600 to 800 calories per day should be consumed. T/F

True

Atrophy of the taste buds is an excepted age-related change of the gastrointestinal system. T/F

True

Barrett esophagus is a condition in which the lining of the esophageal mucosa is altered T/F

True

Celiac disease is a disorder of malabsorption caused by an autoimmune response to consumption of products that contain the protein gluten. T/F

True

Chyme, which is partially digested food mixed with gastric secretions, can stay in the small intestine for 3 to 6 hours, allowing for continued breakdown and absorption of nutrients T/F

True

Decompression of the bowel through a nasogastric tube is necessary for all patients with small bowel obstruction. T/F

True

Diarrhea is defined as the increased frequency of more than three bowel movements per day. T/F

True

Gallbladder disease with stones is the most common disorder of the biliary system. T/F

True

Herpes simplex is an abnormal condition of the lips that is frequently seen in immunosuppressed patients T/F

True

Lobectomy is the treatment of choice for hepatocellular carcinoma if it is confined to one lobe and liver function is adequate. T/F

True

Most peptic ulcers result from infection with the gram-negative bacteria H. pylori, which may be acquired through ingestion of food and water. T/F

True

Nursing interventions for impaired oral mucous membranes for the patient with oral cancer include gentle brushing and flossing, and adequate fluid intake. T/F

True

Obesity is associated with a 2- to 6-year decrease in life expectancy T/F

True

Preparation of a patient for a barium enema study may begin 48 hours prior to the test. T/F

True

Primary liver tumors usually are associated with chronic liver disease, hepatitis B and C infections, and cirrhosis T/F

True

Proton pump inhibitors may be administered for at least 1 year in patients with risk factors for peptic ulcer disease T/F

True

The endocrine functions of the pancreas include secretion of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin directly into the bloodstream. T/F

True

The most significant source of bleeding in a patient with cirrhosis is esophageal varices. T/F

True

The vast majority of gastric cancers are acquired and not inherited T/F

True

When fluid accumulates in the peritoneal cavity, the presence and extent of ascites are assessed by percussing the abdomen. T/F

True

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is characterized by tumors of the islets of Langerhans that result in hypersecretion of gastric acid. T/F

True

Straining at stool initiates the _______maneuver that results in a potentially dangerous increase in BP

Valsalva

Severe _____________pain is the major symptom of pancreatitis that causes the patient to seek medical care

abdominal

The etiology of cancer of the colon and rectum is predominantly ________, a malignancy arising from the epithelial lining of the intestine.

adenocarcinoma

Following bariatric surgery, disruption at the site of ________may cause leakage of gastric contents into the peritoneal cavity, causing infection and possible sepsis.

anastomosis

Causes of obesity are complex and multifactorial and include__________, environmental, physiologic, and genetic factors.

behavioral

Hepatocellular jaundice is caused by the inability of damaged liver cells to clear normal amounts of _________ from the blood.

bilirubin

A laparoscopic _________is the standard therapy for symptomatic gallstones.

cholecystectomy

The major stimulus for digestive enzyme secretion is the hormone _________, which acts by stimulating the gallbladder to contract

cholecystokinin

In Crohn's disease, the common clinical manifestations include abdominal pain and______

diarrhea

Gastritis and ________from peptic ulcer disease are the two most common causes of upper GI tract bleeding.

hemorrhage

Greater than 5 to 6 bowel sounds heard in less than 30 seconds is considered a standard used to document bowel sounds that are_______?

hyperactive

Lifestyle modification is aimed at weight loss and _______

maintenance

Tumors of the small intestine are uncommon, of these approximately 64% are ________

malignant

The most frequent symptom of oral cancer is a ______sore or mass that bleeds easily and does not heal.

painless

Elderly, acutely ill, or debilitated people with decreased salivary gland secretion from general dehydration or medications are at high risk for bacterial ___________which is characterized by swelling.

parotitis

The correct sequence to perform an abdominal assessment is to perform inspection, auscultation, __________and palpation.

percussion

Patients with cirrhosis are at increased risk for bleeding and hemorrhage because of the decreased production of______________ and the decreased ability of the diseased liver to synthesize the necessary substances for blood coagulation.

prothrombin

Antiobesity medications work by inhibiting GI absorption of fat and altering central brain receptors to enhance________ or reduce cravings.

satiety

The patient with chronic pancreatitis often has frequent, frothy, foul-smelling stools, a condition known as ___________

steatorrhea

Pancreatic enzymes include amylase, which aids in the digestion of carbohydrates; ____________, which aids in the digestion of proteins; and lipase, which aids in the digestion of fats.

trypsin

_____syndrome may occur as a result of any surgical procedure that involves the removal of a significant portion of the stomach or includes resection or removal of the pylorus.

Dumping

___________, an abdominal discomfort associated with eating, is the most common symptom of patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction.

Dyspepsia

______is indigestion, an upper abdominal discomfort associated with eating

Dyspepsia

________is the most common symptom of esophageal disease and may vary from an uncomfortable feeling in the upper esophagus to acute pain and difficulty swallowing.

Dysphagia

Diverticula may occur anywhere in the small intestine or colon, but most commonly occur in the ascending colon. T/F

False