Med Term Unit 4

orth/o/sis orth/o/tic prosthet/ist prosthet/ic

Orth/o/tics is the science that studies and develops mechanical appliances used as supportive devices. The specialist who designs and fits these devices is called an orth/o/tist. This practice is closely related to the prosthet/ists who work with patients in need of replacing an amputated limb. The appliance the prosthet/ist produces is called a prosthesis. Look in the "ortho" and "prosth" sections of your dictionary to find the word that means condition of straightening or supporting: ____________/________/___________; devices used to stabilize or prevent deformity: ____________/________/___________; specialist in making artificial body parts: _______________/____________/; pertaining to (adjective) a prosthesis: _______________/____________/.

suprapubic incision region

"The incision is made in the suprapubic region." From this sentence pick out the adjective _________________; two nouns __________________.

poros

-Greek word meaning passageway. Oste/o/por/osis is a disease condition of the bone in which there is deterioration of the bone matrix causing pores and weakness. Calcium deficiency and hormone changes associated with menopause in women along with a hereditary predisposition can lead to _______________/________/_______________/_______________.

Rheum

-Greek word root that means flux (body fluids).

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis

-develop changes in joint structures, an increase in synovial (joint) fluid, inflammation, pain, and joint deformity. This type of arthritis is caused by a systemic autoimmune response.

-penia

-is a suffix meaning low number or loss. Bone loss may occur due to the aging process and osteoporosis. Loss of bone is called oste/o/penia. Red blood cell loss is erythr/o/cyt/o/penia. The suffix that indicates loss is _______________.

Doctor of Osteopathy (DO): Osteopathic physicians

-licensed to practice medicine -Because of the original philosophy of osteopathic medicine, founded by Dr. Andrew -identify the musculoskeletal framework as a key element to health -body has a natural ability to heal itself given a favorable environment and good nutrition and so act as teachers to help patients take a responsible role in their own well-being and to change unhealthy patterns. -60% practice primary care, osteopathic physicians may specialize in surgery, obstetrics, anesthesiology, internal medicine, psychiatry

tendons

-made of connective tissue and attach muscle to bone. Ligaments attach bone to bone and fascia attaches muscle to muscl

Rheumat/o/logy

-medical specialty that studies, diagnoses, and treats rheumatic conditions.

dentoid

-oid is the suffix that means like or resembling. Form a word that means tooth shaped or resembling a tooth: ____________/_____________.

joint

-pathy means disease. Oste/o/arthr/o/pathy is a noun that means any disease involving bones and joints. arthr/o is used in words to mean _______________.

defective (poor or abnormal) formation defective formation of a joint

-plasia means development or formation. This kind of formation occurs naturally instead of being done by a plastic surgeon. Hyper/plasia is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue (i.e., tumor). dys- means defective. Dys/plasia means *___________________________________________________________. Arthr/o/dys/plasia means

myel/o/dys/plasia:

A condition characterized by increased and abnormal bone marrow or spinal cord development is

teeth

A dent/ist (Doctor of Dental Surgery DDS) takes care of ____________. A dent/ifrice is used for cleaning ___________

osteomalacia

A disorder of the parathyroid glands (hyper/parathyroid/ism) can cause calcium to be withdrawn from the bones. When this occurs, _______________ may develop.

oste/o/path/ic

A doctor of osteopathy (DO) receives special training about the skeleton and its relationship to disease. Using the adjectival form, we call this special type of doctor an _______________/________/_______________/_______________ physician.

oste/oma oste/o/mata

A hard growth on a bone may be a bone tumor or_______________/_______________. Build the plural form: _______________/________/_______________.

peridontal

A periodontist may perform surgery of the gums or tissues around the teeth. This is _______________/_______________/_____________ surgery.

oste/itis

A word meaning inflammation of the bone is _______________/_______________NOTE:The "e" in oste is part of the word root.

orth/o

An orth/o/ped/ist (ōr thō pēd' ist) is a physician who specializes in the prevention and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. The combining form indicating that "straightening" may be done is ______________/________

chondr/o cost al chondr/o/cost/al pertaining to cartilage and ribs

Analyze chondr/o/cost/al: _____________/_______ cartilage; _____________ rib; _____________ suffix. Now put them together: _____________/________/____________/_____________. This means *________________________________________

encephal/o/myel/o/pathy oste/o/myel/itis myel/o/dys/plasia

Any disease of the brain and spinal cord is called _______________/________/________________/________/_________________. Inflammation of the bone and marrow is called _______________/________/________________/________________. Defective formation of the spinal cord is called _______________/________/________________/________________.

arthr/itis arthr/itic

Arthr/itic means pertaining to a joint. Form a word that means inflammation of a joint: ______________/_______________.A medication used to treat arthritis is an anti /______________/______________ agent.

arthroplasty

Arthr/o/plasty may take many forms. When a joint has lost its ability to move, movement can sometimes be restored by an ____________.

oste/o/arthr/itis

Arthritis characterized by inflammation and destruction of bone and joint tissue is called ______________/________/____________/______________(OA).

myel/o/dys/plasia oste/o/dys/plasia

Build a term that means defective (abnormal) formation of the spinal cord: _________________/________/______________/_____________ (body part + disorder). Defective bone development is_____________/______/_____________/_____________

peri/oste/um peri/chondr/ium peri/cardi/um

Build terms meaning the membrane around the bone: _______________/_____________um; the membrane around the cartilage: _______________/_____________ium; the membrane around the heart: _______________/_____________um

burs/itis burs/ectomy burs/ae

Bursa in Latin means purse or bag. A bursa is a small serous sac between a tendon and a bone. burs/o refers to the bursae (plural) of the body. Build words meaning: inflammation of a bursa _____________/____________; excision of a bursa____________/_____________; more than one bursa___________/_____________.

cartilage

Cartilage is a tough, elastic connective tissue found in the ear, nose tip, and rib ends. The lining of joints also contain ___________.

excision of cartilage

Chondr/ectomy means *_______________________________________________.

adjective

Chondr/o/cost/al is an adjective. This is evident because -al is the ending for an ______________.

cost/ectomy

Form a word that means excision of a rib or ribs: _____________/____________.

arthr/o/tomy

Form a word that means incision into a joint: _____________/_______/____________.

cost/al

Form a word that means pertaining to the ribs: _____________/_____________

chondr/algia chondr/o/dynia

Form two words meaning pain in or around cartilage:

hypo/plasia a/plasia

Hypo- is the opposite of hyper-.If excessive development is hyperplasia, deficient development is expressed as______________/________________. Complete lack of development is ________/______________.

inter/chondr/al

Hypo/chondr/iac means below the cartilage, referring to the region below the rib cage cartilage. Form an adjective that means between cartilages: _____________/____________/ al.

menisc/itis

Inflammation of the meniscus is _____________/_____________. NOTE: The "c" is followed by an "i so it is pronounced like an "s."

menisc/ectomy

Injury to the knee may produce a tear in the meniscus, requiring surgery. Excision of the torn meniscus is called a ____________/__________.

inter/cost/al

Inter/cost/al may refer to the muscles between the ribs. The muscles that move the ribs when breathing are the ___________/__________/______ muscles. The external intercostal muscles assist with inhalation by enlarging the rib cage. The internal intercostal muscles assist with breathing out by decreasing the size of the rib cage. Breathing is assisted by the ___________________ muscles.

inter-

Inter/cost/al means between the ribs. The prefix for between is _____________. EXAMPLE: International means between nations.

between

Inter/cost/al means between the ribs. inter- is the prefix that means______

menisc/us

Meniskos is a Greek term meaning crescent shaped. In the knee joint there is a crescent-shaped cartilage structure that is called the meniscus. The lateral menisc/us is on the outer portion of the knee and the medial _________________ is located toward the inner part of the knee joint. NOTE:The "c" is followed by a "u" so it is pronounced like a "k."

oste/o arthr/o pathy oste/o/arthr/o/pathy

Oste/o/arthr/o/pathy is a compound noun. Analyze it: _______________/________ bone (combining form); _______________/________ joint (combining form); _______________ disease (suffix). Now put these together and form the term meaning bone and joint disease. _______________/________/_______________/______/_______________

oste/o/malac/ia

Oste/o/malac/ia means softening of the bones. To say that bones have lost a detectable amount of their hardness, use the noun _______________/________/_______________/_______________.

oste/o

Osteon is a Greek word meaning bone. Oste/o/pathy means disease of the bones. From this word, identify the combining form for bone: _______________/________

dent/algia

Pain in the teeth, or a toothache, is called ________________/_________

surgerical repair or reconstruction

Plastic surgery has nothing to do with plastic (the material). The word root plast means form, mold, or rebuild. Think of a plast/ic surgeon building a new nose or molding a face. This is surgical reconstruction. The suffix -plasty or means

poli/o/myel/itis

Poli/o/myel/itis an inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a viral infection. This disease may cause paralysis of the limbs and muscle hypotrophy. Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is given to produce an immune response to prevent _______________/________/_______________/_______________.

oste/o/pathy

Recall -pathy means any disease. Form a word that means disease of bone: _______________/________/_______________.

arthritis

Rheumatoid is Greek for resembling discharge or fluid. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects the softer tissues of the joint often accompanied by fluid in the joints. RA still causes inflammation of the joint or _____________.

orth/o/tic

Splints and casts are orth/o/tic devices that are used to support and protect injured bones and soft tissue. Immobilizing and supporting an injury reduces pain, swelling, and muscle spasm. Because a cast supports a body part it is a(n) _____________/_______/_____________ (noun).

oste/o/malac/ia eti/o/logy

The eti/o/logy of oste/o/malacia (adult rickets) includes vitamin D deficiency, phosphate deficiency, and abnormal excretion of calcium by the kidneys. A contributing factor is use of tobacco products. Whatever the cause, softening of the bone is called _______________/________/_______________/________ . The study of the cause of a disease is _______________/________/_______________.

pelv/is pelves

The pelv/is is formed by the pelv/ic bones. pelv/i refers to the ______________/______________ (noun). The plural of pelvis is _____________.

supra/pub/ic

The suprapubic region is above the arch of the pub/is. When the urinary bladder is incised above the pubis, an incision is made in the _______________/______________/_______________ region.

chondr/o

The word oste/o/chondr/itis means inflammation of bone and cartilage. The combining form for cartilage is ____________/_____.

ten/o/plasty ten/o/dynia

Use ten/o to build words meaning: repair of tendons __________/______/__________; pain in tendons __________/_______/__________.

Arthr/o/plasty

____________ /______/______________ means surgical repair of a joint. -plasty means surgical repair.

hyper/plasia

a/plasia means failure of an organ to develop. A word that means overgrowth or too much development is ________________/________________

Supra/lumb/ar means

above illiac region

Supra/cost/al means

above the ribs

arthr/o/scope

arthr/o is the combining form for joint. An instrument used to look at something is a -scope. An instrument used to look into a joint is an _______________/________/________________.

arthr/o/scopy

arthr/o is the combining form for joint. The name of the procedure for examining the joints by looking with an arthroscope is called _______________/______/______________.

Ligaments

attach bone to bone and fascia attaches muscle to muscle

orth/o/ped/ist

broken bone is called a fracture (Fx). Often the fracture must be manipulated so that the bone will heal straight. An _____________/________/___________/__________ is the specialist who treats fractures.

ribs

chondr/o/cost/al means pertaining to ribs and cartilage. cost/o is used in words about the ___________

dent/al

combining forms for tooth or teeth are dent/o and dent/i. Form an adjective that means pertaining to the teeth: _____________/_______

lumbar

here are five lumbar vertebrae. Low back pain is called ________________ pain. L1, L2, L3, L4 , and L5 are the five __________ vertebrae.

kyphosis

hunch back) posterior thoracic curvature

dent

inter/dent/al means between the teeth. The word root for tooth is ______

The American Osteopathic Association (AOA)

is the national professional organization that oversees education and licensure of Doctors of Osteopathy.

lumb/ar

lumb/o builds words about the lower back. Lumb/ar is the adjectival form. An adjective meaning pertaining to the lower back is ______________/_____

tendo

means to stretch

The pubis is a bone of the pelvis. Pub/is is a (choose one) __________ (noun/adjective).

noun

Supra/crani/al refers to the surface of the head *________________________ the skull.

on top of

orth/odont/ist

orth/o is a combining form taken from the Greek word orthos, meaning straight. odont/o means shaped like a tooth. A dentist who specializes in straightening abnormally positioned teeth is called an __________/________/_________.

peri-

peri- is a prefix meaning around or near. Peri/odont/al disease is diseased tissue *____________________ the teeth

supra-

prefix that means on, higher in position, over, or above.

another name for the pubic bone

pubis

ten/algia ten/ō/dynia

ten/o is used to build the terms for pain in a tendon. Two terms for tendon pain are ______________/_____________and _____________/______/_____________.

tend/o/plasty ten/o/plasty tendin/o/plasty

ten/o, tend/o, and tendin/o are all combining forms for tendon. Use your dictionary to help you. Build three terms meaning repair of the tendons: _____________/_______/_____________, ____________/______/____________, and _____________/_______/____________.

tendin/itis

tendin/o is used to build words about inflammation of the tendons. Inflammation of a tendon is ____________/_____________. NOTE: Tendinitis is the proper term, but tendonitis is accepted.

rheumat/o/logy rheumat/o/logist

the study of rheumatic disorders _____________/_______/____________; the physician specialist who treats rheumatic conditions _____________/_______/____________.

adjective pertaining to the chest and lower back or something near these areas

thorac/o is the combining form for chest or thorax. Thorac/o/lumb/ar is a(n) (choose one)____________ (noun/adjective) meaning **______________________________________________. NOTE: T1-T12 are the twelve thoracic vertebrae.

anything close to incision of bladder from the suprapubic region

what surgery is done in a supra/pub/ic cyst/o/tomy