Medical and Surgical Asepsis

When a nurse is performing surgical hand asepsis, the nurse must keep hands: 1Below elbows. 2Above elbows. 3At a 45-degree angle. 4In a comfortable position.

2. above elbows

What is the best method to sterilize a straight urinary catheter and suction tube in the home setting? 1Use an autoclave. 2Use boiling water. 3Use ethylene oxide gas. 4Use chemicals for disinfection.

2. boiling water

A patient has an indwelling urinary catheter. Why does an indwelling urinary catheter present a risk for urinary tract infection? 1It keeps an incontinent patient's skin dry. 2It can get caught in the linens or equipment. 3It obstructs the normal flushing action of urine flow. 4It allows the patient to remain hydrated without having to urinate.

3 It obstructs the normal flushing action of urine flow.

5 A family member is providing care to a loved one who has an infected leg wound. What would you instruct the family member to do after providing care and handling contaminated equipment or organic material? 1Wear gloves before eating or handling food. 2Place any soiled materials into a bag and double bag it. 3Have the family member check with the doctor about need for immunization. 4Perform hand hygiene after care and/or handling contaminated equipment or material.

4 Perform hand hygiene after care and/or handling contaminated equipment or material.

*7 PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL ASEPSIS*

1. A STERILE OBJECT REMAINS STERILE ONLY WHEN TOUCHED BY ANOTHER STERILE OBJECT. 2. ONLY STERILE OBJECTS MAY BE PLACED ON A STERILE FIELD. 3. A STERILE OBJECT OR FIELD OUT OF RANGE OF VISION OR AN OBJECT HELD BELOW A PERSONS WAIST IS CONTAMINATED 4. A STERILE OBJECT OR FIELD BECOMES CONTAMINATED BY PROLONGED TO EXPOSURE TO AIR. 5. WHEN A STERILE SURFACE COMES IN CONTACT WITH A WET CONTAMINATED SURFACE, THE STERILE OBJECT OR FIELD BECOMES CONTAMINATED BY CAPILLARY ACTION. 6. FLUID FLOWS IN THE DIRECTION OF GRAVITY 7. THE EDGES OF A STERILE FIELD OR CONTAINER ARE CONSIDERED CONTAMINATED. 1 INCH BORDER.

Your ungloved hands come in contact with the drainage from your patient's wound. What is the correct method to clean your hands? 1Wash them with soap and water. 2Use an alcohol-based hand cleaner. 3Rinse them and use the alcohol-based hand cleaner. 4Wipe them with a paper towel.

1. Wash them with soap and water.

Which of the following is the most effective way to break the chain of infection? 1Hand hygiene 2Wearing gloves 3Placing patients in isolation 4Providing private rooms for patients

1. hand hygiene

4 stages of infection

1. incubation period. 2.Prodromal stage 3. illness stage 4. covalescence

Port of Exit from reservoir

after they find a reservoir, must exit : blood, skin, mucous membranes, respiratory tract, GU tract, GI tract, pregnancy.

Transient flora

attaches to skin during person to person or object.

Medical asepsis=

clean

Medical Asepsis

clean technique use to reduce & prevent spread of microorganisms

Prepare patient for sterile technique

cooperation- what to expect, explain what he can to to help, avoid sudden movement, refrain from touching, avoid coughing, sneezing or talking over field, ( or wear mask) -anticipate needs- that might disrupt procedure, using the bathroom etc. pain medication half an hour prior. position them comfortably.

examples of medical asepsis

hand hygiene PPE cleaning environment

Skin

is a barrier that is our first line of defense.

Resident or Normal flora

live and survive on our skin constantly, not virulent, however they can cause serious infections.

Pathogen (infectious agent)

microorganism, bacteria, virus, fungus, protozoa,

Surgical asepsis requires

more stringent techniques that medical asepsis and is directed at eliminating microorganisms.

Port of entry to a host

organisms enter the body though the same routes that they use to exit. blood, skin, mucous membranes, respiratory tract, GU tract, GI tract, pregnancy.

Surgical asepsis procedures are followed when

performing an invasive procedure into a body cavity normally free of microorganisms.

when pouring a sterile solution

pour a little out first. don't pour liquid on the side with the label.

Reservoir

source for pathogen to grow

Susceptible Host

susceptibility to an infectious agent depends upon the individuals degree of resistance to pathogens. persons natural defenses against infection and certain risk factors such as age, nutritional status, presence of chronic disease, trauma, smoking, affects persons susceptibility or resistance.

Reservoir

Place where organisms survive, multiply and wait for transfer to a susceptible host.

Surgical asepsis=

Sterile

Chain of infection

-Pathogen (infectious agent) -Reservoir (source for pathogen to grow) -Port of exit from reservoir -Port of entry to a host -Susceptible host

When should we use surgical asepsis?

-Procedures that require intentional perforation of the patients skin -when the skin is broken as a result of trauma, surgical incision, or burns -during procedures that involve insertion of catheters or surgical instruments into sterile body cavities

Surgical Asepsis

-Sterile technique -Requires nurse to use different precautions from those of medical asepsis -eliminates ALL microorganisms, including pathogens and spores from an object or area

Purpose of surgical asepsis

-To eliminate all microorganisms, including pathogens and spores from an object or area. -prevent putting the patient at risk for infection - decrease hospital length of stay -decrease medical cost $ -saves lives