[medical terminology] chapter 12 and chapter 13
nephromegaly
abnormal enlargement of a kidney
prostatomegaly
abnormal enlargement of the prostate
vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)
abnormal flow of urine from the bladder back into the ureters
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
abnormal growth of cervical cells
nephrosclerosis
abnormal hardening of a kidney
vesicovaginal fistula
abnormal opening between the urinary bladder and the vagina
nephromalacia
abnormal softening of the kidney
macromastia
abnormally large breasts
hypomastia
abnormally small breasts
micromastia
abnormally small breasts
amastia
absence of breast
diuretic
agent that causes urination
spermicide
agent that kills sperm
spermolytic
agent that kills sperm
oxytocin
agent that stimulates uterine contractions and accelerates labor
tocolytic
agent that stops or delays premature labor and contractions
urinalysis (UA)
analysis of the urine
hypernephroma
another name for renal cell carcinoma
teratoma
another term for a dermoid cyst; the name derives from the contents of the cyst
benign prostate hypertrophy
another term for benign prostate hyperplasia
gravida
another term for pregnant
voiding
another term for urination
nephropathy
any kidney disease
macrosomia
baby with a large body
microcephalus
baby with a small head
cervical dysplasia
bad formation of cervical cells
menarche
beginning of first menstruation
hypospadias
birth defect in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside, instead of the end, of the penis
cyst/o, vesic/o
bladder
cystoplegia
bladder paralysis
hematosalpinx
blockage in a fallopian tube caused by blood
pyosalpinx
blockage in a fallopian tube caused by pus
hydrosalpinx
blockage in a fallopian tube caused by water (or any clear fluid)
chorioangioma
blood vessel tumor of the chorion
hematuria
bloody urination
urocyanosis
blue urine
obstetrics
branch of medicine dealing with pregnancy, labor, and delivery of newborns
perinatology
branch of medicine dealing with the perinatal period
teratology
branch of medicine dealing with the study of birth defects and their causes
lithotripsy
breakdown of a stone
ketolysis
breakdown of ketones
intracorporeal lithotripsy
breakdown of kidney stones using a device placed inside the body
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
breakdown of kidney stones using sound waves generated outside the body
mastalgia
breast pain
renal cell carcinoma
cancer of the kidneys
choriocarcinoma
cancerous tumor of the chorion
teratogenic
causing the formation of birth defects
lactogenic
causing the formation of milk
menopause
cessation of menstruation
colposcopy
colposcopy
preeclampsia
condition characterized by high blood pressure and high protein in the urine
azoospermia
condition characterized by lack of living sperm
aspermia
condition characterized by lack of sperm
oligospermia
condition characterized by low sperm production
cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)
condition characterized by the inability of the mother's pelvis to allow the baby to pass through the birth canal (can be caused by either a small pelvis or a large baby, or both.)
endometriosis
condition in which endometrium cells appear and grow outside the uterus
placenta previa
condition in which the placenta is attached to the uterus near the cervix
vaginosis
condition of the vagina
dipsogenic
creating thirst
ureteroileostomy
creation of an opening between a ureter and the ileum (a portion of the small intestine)
pyelocystostomosis
creation of an opening between the renal pelvis and bladder
vasovasostomy
creation of an opening between two vessels; this is the technical term for a vasectomy reversal
nephrostomy
creation of an opening in a kidney
pyelostomy
creation of an opening in a renal pelvis
cystostomy
creation of an opening in the bladder
vesicostomy
creation of an opening in the bladder
urostomy
creation of an opening in the urinary tract, normally to divert urine flow away from a diseased bladder
ovariostomy
creation of an opening into an ovary
spermatogenesis
creation of sperm
renal ischemia
deficiency of blood in a kidney
cesarean section
delivery of a baby through an incision made in the uterus
spermatolysis
destruction of sperm cells
gynecomastia
development of breast tissue in males
speculum
device for examining a body cavity, most commonly the vagina
dystocia
difficult labor
pyeloureterectasia
dilation of the renal pelvis and ureter
gonorrhea
discharge from the gonads
balanorrhea
discharge from the penis
prostatorrhea
discharge from the prostate
urethrorrhea
discharge from the urethra
amniorrhea
discharge of amniotic fluid
lactorrhea
discharge of milk
polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
disease characterized by the formation of many fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys
glomerulopathy
disease of the kidney involving primarily the glomeruli
pyelopathy
disease of the renal pelvis
orchiopathy
disease of the testicles
uropathy
disease of the urinary tract
mastoptosis
downward displacement (drooping) of the breast
nephroptosis
downward displacement of a kidney
orchidoptosis
downward displacement of a testicle
cystoptosis
downward displacement of the bladder
hysteroptosis
downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina
uterine prolapse
downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina
colpoptosis
downward displacement of the vagina
abortifacient
drug or device that causes the termination of pregnancy
antispasmodic
drug used to prevent spasms
salpingocyesis
ectopic pregnancy in a fallopian tube
ovariocyesis
ectopic pregnancy in an ovary
ejaculation
emission of semen from the urethra
digital rectal exam (DRE)
examination of the prostate using a finger inserted into the rectum
azotemia
excess nitrogen in the blood
azoturia
excess nitrogen in the urine
polyhydramnios
excessive amniotic fluid
azotorrhea
excessive discharge of nitrogen
metromenorrhagia
excessive menstrual bleeding at irregular intervals
menorrhagia
excessive menstrual flow
hyperkalemia
excessive potassium in the blood
polydispia
excessive thirst
diuresis
excessive urination
polyuria
excessive urination
hypermastia
excessively large breasts (or an abnormal number of breasts)
pseudocyesis
false pregnancy
in vitro fertilization
fertilization of an egg done in a test tube
hydrocele
fluid-filled mass in a testicle
uropoiesis
formation of urine
vaginomycosis
fungal condition of the vagina
adenocarcinoma of the breast
glandular tumor in the breast
glomerulosclerosis
hardening of the glomeruli
perineocele
hernia in the perineal region
salpingocele
hernia of a fallopian tube
nephrocele
hernia of a kidney
ureterocele
hernia of a ureter
cystocele
hernia of the bladder
vesicocele
hernia of the bladder
cystourethrocele
hernia of the bladder and urethra
cystocele
hernia of the urinary bladder into the vagina
hysterocele
hernia of the uterus
metrocolpocele
hernia of the uterus and prolapse into the vagina
spermatocele
hernia or distention of the epididymis caused by sperm cells
urethrocele
hernia or prolapse of the urethra into the vagina
rectocele
hernia or protrusion of the rectum into the vagina
cryptorchidism
hidden testicle
nephrogram
image of a kidney
renal arteriogram
image of a kidney artery
renal angiogram
image of a kidney blood vessel
cystogram
image of the bladder
pyelogram
image of the renal pelvis
retrograde pyelogram
image of the renal pelvis produced by injecting a contrast dye from the bladder to the kidney
urethrogram
image of the urethra
voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)
imaging procedure of the bladder and urethra produced during urination
ultrasonography
imaging procedure using high-frequency sound waves
transvaginal sonography
imaging procedure using sound waves emitted from a device inserted in the vagina
ectopic pregnancy
implantation of a fertilized egg in a place other than the uterus
incontinence
inability to control urination
nephrotomy
incision into a kidney
lithonephrotomy
incision into a kidney to remove a stone
nephrolithotomy
incision into a kidney to remove a stone
pyelotomy
incision into a renal pelvis
pyelolithotomy
incision into a renal pelvis to remove a stone
orchidotomy
incision into a testicle
oophorotomy
incision into an ovary
amniotomy
incision into the amnion
vesicotomy
incision into the bladder
lithectomy
incision into the bladder to remove a stone
epididymotomy
incision into the epididymis
meatotomy
incision into the opening of the urethra
perineotomy
incision into the perineum
prostatolithotomy
incision into the prostate to remove a stone
urethrotomy
incision into the urethra
hysterotomy
incision into the uterus
vaginoperineotomy
incision into the vagina and perineum
episiotomy
incision into the vulva
urinary tract infection (UTI)
infection of the urinary tract
salpingitis
inflammation of a fallopian tube
salpingo-oophoritis
inflammation of a fallopian tube and ovary
ureteropyelonephritis
inflammation of a kidney, renal pelvis, and ureter
testitis
inflammation of a testicle
ureteritis
inflammation of a ureter
ureteropyelitis
inflammation of a ureter and renal pelvis
oophoritis
inflammation of an ovary
ovaritis
inflammation of an ovary
cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
cystoureteritis
inflammation of the bladder and ureter
metrophlebitis
inflammation of the blood vessels of the uterus
mastitis
inflammation of the breast
cervicitis
inflammation of the cervix
cervicocolpitis
inflammation of the cervix and vagina
cervicovaginitis
inflammation of the cervix and vagina
chorionitis
inflammation of the chorion
chorioamnionitis
inflammation of the chorion and amnion
endometritis
inflammation of the endometrium
epididymitis
inflammation of the epididymis
endocervicitis
inflammation of the inside of the cervix
nephritis
inflammation of the kidney
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis
lithonephritis
inflammation of the kidneys caused by stones
glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the kidneys involving primarily the glomeruli
myometritis
inflammation of the myometrium
balanitis
inflammation of the penis
perimetritis
inflammation of the perimetrium
prostatitis
inflammation of the prostate
prostatocystitis
inflammation of the prostate and bladder
prostatovesiculitis
inflammation of the prostate and seminal vesicles
pyelitis
inflammation of the renal pelvis
pyelocystitis
inflammation of the renal pelvis and bladder
orchiditis
inflammation of the testicles
orchitis
inflammation of the testicles
epididymo-orchitis
inflammation of the testicles and epididymis
orchiepididymitis
inflammation of the testicles and epididymis
urethritis
inflammation of the urethra
urethrocystitis
inflammation of the urethra and bladder
colpitis
inflammation of the vagina
vaginitis
inflammation of the vagina
colpocystitis
inflammation of the vagina and urinary bladder
vulvitis
inflammation of the vulva
vulvovaginitis
inflammation of the vulva and vagina
oligomenorrhea
infrequent or light menstrual periods
endometrium
inner layer of uterine tissue
urinary catheterization
insertion of a catheter into the bladder to drain urine
resectoscope
instrument for examining and cutting (usually the prostate)
amnioscope
instrument for examining the amnion
meatoscope
instrument for examining the opening of the urethra
urethroscope
instrument for examining the urethra
record of the uterus and fallopian tubes
instrument for examining the uterus
pelvic sonograph
instrument for imaging the pelvis using sound waves
cardiotocograph
instrument for recording the baby's heart rate during contractions; also known as a fetal heart monitor
tocodynagraph
instrument for recording the strength of labor contractions
colposcope
instrument used to examine the vagina
vaginoscope
instrument used to examine the vagina
induced abortion
intentional termination of pregnancy
cystospasm
involuntary contraction of the bladder
urethrospasm
involuntary contraction of the urethra
orchichorea
involuntary jerking movement of the testicles
enuresis
involutary urination
congenital anomaly
irregular condition that is present at the time of birth
nephrosis
kidney condition
hydronephrosis
kidney condition caused by the obstruction of urine flow
renal failure
kidney failure
nephroma
kidney tumor
anorchidism
lack of a testicle
anuria
lack of urination
stress urinary incontinence (SUI)
loss of bladder control caused by the application of external pressure
hyponatremia
low sodium in the blood
oliguria
low urine output
metrorrhagia
menstrual bleeding at irregular times
polymenorrhea
menstrual periods occurring with greater than normal frequency
myometrium
middle layer of uterine muscle tissue
colpostenosis
narrowing in the vaginal opening
ureterostenosis
narrowing of a ureter
meatal stenosis
narrowing of the opening of the urethra
episiostenosis
narrowing of the vulvar opening
urethrostenosis
narrrowing of the urethra
spontaneous abortion
naturally occurring termination of pregnancy; also known as a miscarriage
nocturnal enuresis
nighttime involuntary urination
nocturia
nighttime urination
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea; it is the product of the breakdown of amino acids for energy
amenorrhea
no menstruation
benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH
noncancerous overdevelopment of the prostate, also known as enlarged prostate
eutocia
normal labor
oligohydramnios
not enough amniotic fluid
nephrocystanastomosis
opening of a passageway between a kidney and the bladder
dermoid cyst
ovarian cyst containing skin and sometimes hair, teeth, bone, or cartilage
oophorocystosis
ovarian cysts
oophoroma
ovarian tumor
nephrohypertrophy
overdevelopment of the kidney
varicocele
overexpansion of the blood vessels of the testicles, leading to a soft tumor
cystalgia
pain in the bladder
cystodynia
pain in the bladder
nephralgia
pain in the kidney
ureteralgia
pain in the ureter
urethrodynia
pain in the urethra
hysteralgia
pain in the uterus
hysterodynia
pain in the uterus
vulvodynia
pain in the vulva
ovaralgia
pain of the ovaries
ovarialgia
pain of the ovaries
dysmenorrhea
painful menstruation
menorrhalgia
painful menstruation
dyspareunia
painful sexual intercours
dysuria
painful urination
urodynia
painful urination
gonads
pair of organs used for sexual reproduction; in males, they are the testicles, and in females, they are the ovaries
priapism
persistent and painful erection
postnatal
pertaining to after birth
postpartum
pertaining to after birth
prenatal
pertaining to before birth
natal
pertaining to birth
neonatal
pertaining to new birth; normally the first 28 days after birth
glomeruli
plural of glomerulus
hyperemesis gravidarum
pregnancy-related vomiting; an extreme form of the more common morning sickness
ketonuria
presence of ketones in the urine
pyonephritis
presence of pus and stones in the kidney
ureterolithiasis
presence of stones in a ureter
nephrolithiasis
presence of stones in the kidney
nephroscopy
procedure for examining a kidney
amnioscopy
procedure for examining the amnion
hysteroscopy
procedure for examining the uterus
nephrography
procedure for imaging a kidney
nephrosonography
procedure for imaging a kidney using sound waves
cervicography
procedure for imaging the cervix
hysterography
procedure for imaging the uterus
fetometry
procedure for measuring the fetus
pelvicephalometry
procedure for measuring the head size of the baby and the pelvis size of the mother
pelvimetry
procedure for measuring the pelvis
tocography
procedure for recording the strength of labor contractions
kidney dialysis
procedure for removing waste from the blood (a shorter name for hemodialysis)
hemodialysis
procedure for removing waste from the bloodstream
transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
procedure of removing all or part of the prostate by the insertion of a resectoscope into the urethra
transrectal ultrasonography
procedure using a probe inserted into the rectum using high-frequency sound waves to scan through the rectum to nearby tissue (most commonly, the prostate)
sonohysterography
procedure using sound waves to examine the uterus
cystoscopy
process for examining the bladder
meatoscopy
process for examining the opening of the urethra
cystography
process for recording/imaging the bladder
ureteroscopy
process of examining a ureter
urethroscopy
process of examining the urethra
renal angiography
process of imaging a kidney blood vessel
lactation
production of milk
albuminuria
protein in the urine
pyopyeloectasis
pus in a dilated renal pelvis
pyuria
pus in the urine
mammogram
record of a breast exam
hysterosalpingogram
record of the uterus and fallopian tubes
amni/o
root word for amnion
part/o, nat/o
root word for birth
mast/o, mamm/o
root word for breast
cervic/o
root word for cervix
chori/o, chorion/o
root word for chorion
epididym/o
root word for epididymis
salping/o
root word for fallopian tube
fet/o
root word for fetus
glomerul/o
root word for glomerulus
nephr/o, ren/o
root word for kidney
toc/o
root word for labor
men/o
root word for menstruation
lact/o
root word for milk
meat/o
root word for opening
oophor/o, ovari/o
root word for ovary
pelv/i
root word for pelvis
balan/o
root word for penis
perine/o
root word for perineum
prostat/o
root word for prostate
pyel/o
root word for renal pelvis
sperm/o, spermat/o, sperm/i
root word for sperm
lith/o
root word for stone
orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o, testicul/o
root word for testicle
ureter/o
root word for ureter
urethr/o
root word for urethra
ur/o, urin/o
root word for urine
hyster/o, metr/o, utero/o
root word for uterus
colp/o, vagin/o
root word for vagina
episi/o, vulv/o
root word for vulva
gynec/o, gyn/o
root word for woman
ovariorrhexis
rupture of an ovary
amniorrhexis
rupture of the amniotic sac
cystorrhexis
rupture of the bladder
hysterorrhexis
rupture of the uterus
abruptio placentae
separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus
eclampsia
severe, life-threatening complication of pregnancy characterized by seizures
contraction
shortening or tightening of a muscle; during labor, the uterine muscles contract
bradytocia
slow labor
gynecologist
specialist in medical issues specific to women
obstetrician
specialist in pregnancy, labor, and delivery of newborns
nephrologist
specialist in the kidneys
neonatologist
specialist in the neonatal period
perinatologist
specialist in the perinatal period
urologist
specialist in the urinary tract
Braxton Hicks contraction
sporadic contractions of the uterine muscles of women not in labor; also known as false labor
cystolith
stone in the bladder
phimosis
stone in the prostate
prostatolith
stone in the prostate
gynecology
study of medical issues specific to women
nephrology
study of the kidneys
neonatology
study of the neonatal period
urology
study of the urinary tract
uroxanthin
substance in urine that makes it yellow
-cyesis
suffix word for pregnancy
glucosuria
sugar in the urine
glycosuria
sugar in the urine
mastopexy
surgical fixation of a breast
salpingopexy
surgical fixation of a fallopian tube
nephropexy
surgical fixation of a kidney
orchidopexy
surgical fixation of a testicle
orchiopexy
surgical fixation of a testicle
urethropexy
surgical fixation of the urethra
hysteropexy
surgical fixation of the uterus
colpopexy
surgical fixation of the vagina
ovariocentesis
surgical puncture of an ovary
amniocentesis
surgical puncture of the amnion
mammoplasty
surgical reconstruction of a breast
renal angioplasty
surgical reconstruction of a kidney blood vessel
pyeloplasty
surgical reconstruction of a renal pelvis
orchioplasty
surgical reconstruction of a testicle
meatoplasty
surgical reconstruction of the opening of the urethra
balanoplasty
surgical reconstruction of the penis
perineoplasty
surgical reconstruction of the perineum
urethroplasty
surgical reconstruction of the urethra
colpoplasty
surgical reconstruction of the vagina
vaginoplasty
surgical reconstruction of the vagina
vaginoperineoplasty
surgical reconstruction of the vagina and perineum
ureteroplasty
surgical recontruction of a ureter
mastectomy
surgical removal of a breast
salpingectomy
surgical removal of a fallopian tube
salpingo-oophorectomy
surgical removal of a fallopian tube and ovary
hydrocelectomy
surgical removal of a hydrocele
nephrotoxin
surgical removal of a kidney and ureter
ureteronephrectomy
surgical removal of a kidney and ureter
laparonephrectomy
surgical removal of a kidney through the abdomen
nephrectomy
surgical removal of a kidney through the abdomen
cystolithectomy
surgical removal of a stone in the bladder
orchidectomy
surgical removal of a testicle
orchiectomy
surgical removal of a testicle
myomectomy
surgical removal of a tumor in the muscle (usually refers to the muscle of the uterine wall)
oophorocystectomy
surgical removal of an ovarian cyst
ovarian cystectomy
surgical removal of an ovarian cyst
oophorectomy
surgical removal of an ovary
heminephrectomy
surgical removal of half a kidney
heminephroureterectomy
surgical removal of half a kidney and a ureter
cystectomy
surgical removal of the bladder
cervicectomy
surgical removal of the cervix
epididymectomy
surgical removal of the epididymis
circumcision
surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis
prostatectomy
surgical removal of the prostate
prostatovesiculectomy
surgical removal of the prostate and seminal vesicles
vesiculectomy
surgical removal of the seminal vesicles
urethrectomy
surgical removal of the urethra
hysterectomy
surgical removal of the uterus
hysterosalpingectomy
surgical removal of the uterus and fallopian tube(s)
vasectomy
surgical removal of the vas deferens
nephrorrhaphy
suture of a kidney
ureterorrhaphy
suture of a ureter
meatorrhaphy
suture of the opening of the urethra
perineorrhaphy
suture of the perineum
vaginoperineorrhaphy
suture of the vagina and perineum
episiorrhaphy
suture of the vulva
abortion
termination of pregnancy
pap smear
test used to detect cancer cells, most commonly in the cervix
orchialgia
testicle pain
orchiodynia
testicle pain
testicular carcinoma
testicular cancer
perinatal
time around the birth, normally ranging from 28 weeks of pregnancy to 28 days after pregnancy
antepartum
time before birth
intrapartum
time during birth
perimetrium
tissue on the outside of the uterus, the outer layer of the uterus
cystoma
tumor of the bladder
seminoma
type of testicular cancer arising from sperm-forming tissue
uremia
urine in the blood
fulguration
use of electric current to destroy tissue
vaginodynia
vaginal pain
vas deferens
vessel carrying sperm from the testicles
benign prostate hyperplasia
what does BPH stand for
blood urea nitrogen
what does BUN stand for
biopsy
what does Bx stand for
chronic idiopathic pelvic pain
what does CIPP stand for
sonohysterography
what does CIPP stand for
cephalopelvic disproportion
what does CPD stand for
cesarean section
what does CS, C-section stand for
cervix
what does Cx stand for
date of birth
what does DOB stand for
digital rectal exam
what does DRE stand for
erectile dysfunction
what does ED stand for
expected date of delivery
what does EDD stand for
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
what does ESWL stand for
fetal alcohol syndrome
what does FAS stand for
father of the baby (or fecal occult blood)
what does FOB stand for
gravida
what does G stand for
gynecology
what does GYN stand for
hemodialysis
what does HD stand for
human papillomavirus
what does HPV stand for
hormone replacement therapy
what does HRT stand for
hormonhysterosalpingograme replacement therapy
what does HSG stand for
intake and output
what does I&O stand for
in vitro fertilization
what does IVF stand for
intravenous pyelogram
what does IVP stand for
intravenous urogram
what does IVU stand for
kidneys, ureters, bladder
what does KUB stand for
loop electrosurgical excision procedure
what does LEEP stand for
large for gestational age
what does LGA stand for
last menstrual period
what does LMP stand for
overactive bladder
what does OAB stand for
births (comes from the word para, which means birth)
what does P stand for
pelvic inflammatory disease
what does PID stand for
polycystic kidney disease
what does PKD stand for
premenstrual syndrome
what does PMS stand for
prostate-specific antigen
what does PSA stand for
respiratory distress syndrome
what does RDS stand for
retrograde pyelogram
what does RP stand for
small for gestational age
what does SGA stand for
sexually transmitted disease/infection
what does STD/STI stand for
sexually transmitted disease/sexually transmitted infection
what does STD/STI stand for
stress urinary incontinence
what does SUI stand for
total abdominal hysterectomy/bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
what does TAH/BSO stand for
toxic shock syndrome
what does TSS stand for
transurethral resection of the prostate
what does TURP stand for
transvaginal sonography
what does TVS stand for
urinalysis
what does UA stand for
urinary tract infection
what does UTI stand for
voiding cystourethrogram
what does VCUG stand for
vaginal hysterectomy
what does VH stand for
vesicoureteral reflux
what does VUR stand for
catheter
what does cath stand for
leukorrhea
white vaginal discharge
