Medical Terminology Chapter 8: The Digestive System Learning Exercise
bilirubin
pigment released by the liver in bile
jaundice
A yellow discoloration of the skin caused by greater-than-normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood is called ____.
enteromegaly
Abnormal enlargement of the intestines is known as ____.
peptic ulcer disease
An abrasion of the stomach or small intestine.
gastroenterocolitis
Inflammation of the stomach, small intestine, and colon is known as ____.
proctalgia
Pain in and around the anus and rectum is known as ____.
esophagalgia
Pain in the esophagus is known as ____.
sigmoid colon
S-shaped structure of the large intestine
gastrorrhaphy
Surgical suturing of a stomach wound is known as ____.
uvula
The ____ hangs from the free edge of the soft palate.
ileum
The ____ is the last and longest portion of the small intestine.
pyloric sphincter
The ____ is the ring-like muscle that controls the flow from the stomach to the small intestine.
periodontium
The bone and soft tissues that surround and support the teeth are known as the ____.
cirrhosis
The chronic degeneration of the liver often caused by excessive alcohol abuse is called ____.
intussusception
The condition characterized by the telescoping of one part of the intestine into another is ____.
dental calculus
The hardened deposit that forms on the teeth and irritate the surrounding tissues is known as ____.
bowel incontinence
The inability to control the excretion of feces is called ____.
xerostomia
The lack of adequate saliva due to the absence of or diminished secretions by the salivary glands
bile
The liver secretes ____, which is stored in the gallbladder for later use.
enteritis
The medical term meaning inflammation of the small intestine is ____.
hematemesis
The medical term meaning vomiting blood is ____.
anabolism
The process of the building up of body cells and substances from nutrients is known as ____.
tongue
The receptors of taste are located on the dorsum of the ____.
regurgitation
The return of swallowed food to the mouth is known as ____.
gastropexy
The surgical fixation of the stomach to correct displacement is a/an ____.
gastrectomy
The surgical removal of all or part of the stomach is a ____.
hepatectomy
The surigcal removal of all or part of the liver is known as ____.
stomatomycosis
The term ____ means any disease of the mouth due to a fungus.
hepatoenteric
The term meaning relating to the liver and intestines is ____.
anoscopy
The visual examination of the anal canal and lower rectum is known as ____.
celiac disease
____ is characterized by a severe reaction to foods containing gluten.
periodontist
a dental specialist who prevents or treats disorders of the tissues surrounding the teeth.
antiemetic
a medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting.
anastomosis
a surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures
ascites
abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
dysentery
an infection of the intestines marked by severe diarrhea
an/o
anus
proct/o
anus and rectum
halitosis
bad breath
chol/e
bile, gall
melena
blood in stool
ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers
herpes labialis
cold sores
cecum
connects the small and large intestine
colostomy
creation of an artificial opening into the colon
Hemoccult
detects hidden blood in the stools.
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
-pepsia
digestion
esophag/o
esophagus
hyperemesis
excessive vomiting
duodenum
first portion of the small intestine
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
pyrosis
heartburn
-lithiasis
presence of stones
Cholangiography
radiographic imaging of the bile ducts
rect/o
rectum
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
enter/o
small intestine
gastr/o
stomach
-phagia
swallowing
bruxism
teeth grinding
aerophagia
the excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking
ileus
the partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine.
proctopexy
the surgical fixation of the rectum to some adjacent tissue or organ.
ileectomy
the surgical removal of the last portion of the ileum.
gastroesophageal reflux disease
the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus
ascending colon
travels upward from the cecum to the undersurface of the liver
-emesis
vomiting
rectum
widest division of the large intestine
choledocholithotomy
incision in the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones.
cholangitis
inflammation of the bile ducts
col/o
large intestine
hepat/o
liver
gastroduodenostomy
making a new opening between the stomach and duodenum
jejunum
middle portion of the small intestine
edentulous
no teeth
