Medical Terminology - Final Review
To form an adjective from the word patella, you end the word with
-ar.
The suffix in the word anabolism is
-ism.
Which suffix refers to a doctor with a specialty practice?
-ist
Which of the following statements is accurate concerning the term neurologist?
-logist is one who studies and is a specialist in.
Choose the suffix that means the study of.
-logy
The suffix that means that which does something:
-or
Which suffix means one who does?
-or
Choose the suffix that means disease.
-pathy The suffix -pathy means disease. The suffix -logy means study of, the suffix -itis means inflammation, the suffix -gram means record, and the suffix -plasty means surgical repair of.
The suffix that would be added to the root/combining form herni/o- to make a medical word which means suture of a hernia is
-rrhaphy The suffix - rrhaphy means suture; herniorrhaphy means suture of a hernia - to repair a hernia.
Based on its shape, what type of bone is the humerus?
A long bone
What is the difference between a sprain and a strain?
A sprain involves an injury to a ligament; a strain involves injury to a muscle or tendon.
A thrombus and an embolus
A thrombus is a clot attached to a diseased blood vessel; an embolus is a detached clot traveling through the bloodstream. A thrombus is a clot attached to a diseased blood vessel or heart lining. An embolus is a detached piece of thrombus that travels through the bloodstream. It can lodge in a vessel whose diameter is smaller than that of the clot, thereby blocking flow through the vessel.
The term whiplash injury forms a mental picture. Describe that picture.
A violent twisting of the head, the way a whip cracks.
Studies show that the patient has a hole in the interatrial septum. Diagnosis:
ASD
Due to her sedentary lifestyle, obesity, hypertension, and smoking history, the patient is at great risk for ___________________.
ASHD and MI
Another name for the calcaneal tendon is the
Achilles tendon
Early conversion of cartilage to bone; a cause of dwarfism
Achondroplasia
For the term antipruritic, choose the meaning of the prefix.
Against
Describe the difference between arrhythmia and dysrhythmia.
Although the prefixes are different, the terms can be used interchangeably. a- is a prefix that means no, not, or without. dys- is a prefix that means bad. Although the prefixes are different, both terms refer to an abnormal cardiac rhythm and can be used interchangeably.
What is the most commonly injured ligament in the knee?
Anterior cruciate ligament
_____________ is aspiration of knee joint fluid.
Arthrocentesis
Of the terms epiphysial, osteogenic, mandibular, and palatine, do any of the terms have a prefix, R/CF, and suffix?
At least one of the terms has a prefix, R/CF, and suffix.
Where do bunions frequently occur?
At the base of the big toe
What medical term means no blood supply?
Avascular
Which is the correct medical term that means "pertaining to the axilla"?
Axillary
Mrs. Keen has polymyositis, which is not responding to corticosteroids. What is the rationale for adding an immunosuppressant to her drug regimen?
Because Mrs. Keen's immune system is attacking her muscles, the medication acts to subdue the immune system.
This patient needs a ___________ because of her blocked coronary arteries.
CABG A coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is used to bypass blocked arteries in the heart, by using a graft to create a new vascular pathway.
Heart disease would be treated by which specialty?
Cardiology
Nonvascular, firm connective tissue found in joints
Cartilage
Which of the following words has a root meaning head?
Cephalic
Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system
Chiropractic
Which of the following words has a suffix meaning body?
Chromosome In the medical term chromosome, the suffix -some means body.
Which of the following words has an element meaning pertaining to?
Coronal The meaning of the medical term coronal is pertaining to (-al) the crown (coron-).
Which of the following words has a suffix meaning something formed?
Cytoplasm In the medical term cytoplasm, the suffix -plasm means something formed.
Which of the following words has a suffix that means the study of?
Dermatology The term dermatology is the term that contains the suffix -logy, which means study of.
Which term has an element meaning poison?
Detoxification
In which of the following organ systems would the term hypogastric appear?
Digestive
Which of the following words means pertaining to digestion?
Digestive The medical term digestive means pertaining to (-ive) digestion (digest-).
What is another name for dermatitis?
Eczema
A hinge joint allows pronation of the hand and forearm.
False A hinge joint allows for flexion and extension of the elbow.
The capitulum articulates with the scapula.
False Capitulum is the name given to a small rounded projection of bone. The capitulum of the humerus articulates with the radius.
Which degree of burn involves the superficial layer of skin?
First degree
What is the location of the radius?
Forearm
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
Fourth degree burns destroy the first two layers of skin. Fourth degree burns destroy all layers of the skin.
A swelling at the base of the big toe is called a __________.
Hallux valgus
Hypertension's etiology is idiopathic.
High blood pressure's cause is unknown.
When can hypertension be considered life-threatening?
Hypertension greater than 200/120 could precipitate a stroke or MI.
Which of the following terms has a prefix that means below?
Hypogastric In the term hypogastric, the prefix is hypo- that means below.
Which abbreviation listed below indicates the deepest area where injections of antibiotics and immunizations may be given?
IM IM is the abbreviation for intramuscular which is the deepest structure that antibiotics and immunizations may be injected into.
Which of the following terms means area of the small intestine?
Ileum
Which of the following terms is spelled correctly?
Ilia
Where is cartilage found most often in the body?
In joints Cartilage covers the ends of each bone in a joint.
Which of the following terms means an area of cell death resulting from blocked blood supply?
Infarct
Which of the following terms has a suffix that indicates action?
Infarction The term infarction has the suffix -ion which means action.
heart valve insufficiency and stenosis
Insufficiency is where a heart valve cannot fully close; stenosis is where the heart valve cannot fully open. Heart valve insuffiency is a condition where a heart valve cannot close fully, allowing blood to flow backward into the chamber from which it came. Heart valve stenosis is a condition where a heart valve cannot fully open, restricting blood flow through the valve.
Which prefix, root, and suffix form the term that means within the muscle?
Intra- and muscul- and -ar The medical term that means within the muscle is intramuscular.
Which of the following terms means lack of blood supply to a tissue?
Ischemia
Which of the following definitions is correct?
Ischemia is a blood condition, a blockage.
Which of the following set of symptoms seems to indicate that the patient has tinea pedis?
Itching and redness and peeling of the foot, especially between the toes.
A form of skin cancer associated in AIDS patients marked by red or brown blotches or bumps in tissues under the skin's surface is called a
Kaposi sarcoma.
Which defect may also be seen in patients with osteoporosis?
Kyphosis Kyphosis is an exaggerated thoracic curvature commonly seen in the elderly and patients with osteoporosis.
Identify the meaning of the root of the medical term pediculosis.
Louse The root of the term pediculosis is pedicul- which means louse, the singular form for lice.
In the term pneumonia, what does the root mean?
Lung, air In the term pneumonia, the root is pneumon- which means long or air.
This patient's ischemic attack resulted in occlusion of her coronary artery, and a(an) _______________ followed.
MI A myocardial infarction (MI) can result from an occlusion of a coronary artery.
Which two bones support your teeth?
Maxilla and mandible
Which of the following terms has a prefix?
Metatarsal The prefix meta- means after or subsequent to.
Which of the following terms means pertaining to the mucosa?
Mucous
Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow
Osteomyelitis
Using the elements as your guide, which term relates to bone marrow?
Osteomyelitis
Which term represents a medical practice based on maintaining balance of the body?
Osteopathy
Which of the following terms is spelled correctly?
Ovaries
The pediatric cardiologist was called to the Neonatal Unit because the baby's fetal blood vessel had not closed normally. The baby was diagnosed with _________.
PDA The abbreviation PDA means patent ductus arteriosus. The ductus arteriosus is a fetal blood vessel that usually closes within 24 hours of birth. If a vessel is patent, it is open.
What covers the outer surface of all bones?
Periosteum
Which element means foot?
Pod-
What type of foot specialist is not a medical doctor?
Podiatrist
Which two terms are opposites?
Pronation and supination
Which of the following terms means to lay flat or to be overcome by physical weakness or exhaustion?
Prostrate
Which abbreviation stands for a disease condition?
RA
Which of the following statements is true?
Recognizing word elements helps in the process of dissecting the term.
Which abbreviation listed below is the layer immediately below the dermis? (Note, insulin is injected here.)
SC SC is the abbreviation for subcutaneous which lies immediately below the dermis.
The abbreviation for the hypodermis
SC. The hypodermis is the same layer of tissue as the subcutaneous layer, which is abbreviated as SC.
What is a common cause of low back pain?
Sacroiliac joint strain
What two bones form the SI joint?
Sacrum and ilium
Wedge-shaped bone at the base of the skull
Sphenoid
The bacterium commonly responsible for impetigo is
Staphylococcus aureus.
Which of the following words has an element meaning together?
Synovial The medical term synovial has the word part syn- which means together.
Which abbreviation listed below would indicate a bacterium that can infect the tissues of the body?
TB
Infant male was born with tetralogy of Fallot (__________) syndrome. This is a form of _________________________.
TOF, CHD The abbreviation TOF means tetralogy of Fallot, which is a form of congenital heart disease (CHD).
Which of the following are classified as short bones?
Tarsals and carpals
What is the difference between primary and secondary hypertension?
The cause of primary hypertension is unknown; secondary hypertension results from other diseases.
What is the bone of your upper arm that extends from the shoulder to the elbow?
The humerus
Which of the following statements is NOT true of combining vowels?
The most commonly used combining vowel is "u" followed by "i."
If a patient is checked into the hospital as ambulatory, what does that mean?
The patient does not require an overnight stay.
Which of the following statements is true?
The prefix epi- means above.
In the term diagnosis, what is the prefix and what does the prefix mean?
The prefix is dia- and it means complete.
What does the suffix in the term spirometry mean?
The process of measuring The suffix in the medical term spirometry is -metry which means process of measuring.
The root of the word spinal is
The root of the word spinal is
Mrs. Patricia Keen complains of muscle weakness. The physician has ordered an EMG and an MRI. What is the rationale for performing these tests?
The tests will show whether the muscle weakness is due to damage or disease of the muscle or a problem with nerve conduction. An EMG or electromyography uses an electrode to measure the electrical activity of a muscle and is used to test muscle strength. An MRI or magnetic resonance imaging is used to image soft tissue and can show injuries such as tears or other structural changes resulting from muscle disease.
Which is the bigger bone, the radius or the ulna?
The ulna
Which of the following is a true statement about the terms bursitis, tenosynovitis, fasciitis, and tendonitis?
They all involve inflammation.
What do these terms all have in common: brachialis, deltoid, and latissimus dorsi?
They are all muscles.
Why are scabies mites such a problem for humans?
They lay eggs under the skin and cause intense itching.
Which statement is true about the term "pneumothorax"?
This term has one root and one combining form.
In the anatomical position, the body is standing erect with the feet flat on the floor, face and eyes facing forward, and arms at the sides with the palms facing forward. Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?
Toes and palms are anterior.
A sports-related injury is very common in the elbow.
True
The opposite of pronation is supination.
True
The radius is on the thumb side of the hand.
True
Which abbreviation listed below would indicate that exposure to this can lead to skin cancer?
UV
Do any of the terms epiphysial, osteogenic, mandibular, or palatine have a prefix?
Yes, at least one of the terms has a prefix.
Of the terms epiphysial, osteogenic, mandibular, and palatine, are any of these terms diagnoses?
Yes, some of the terms are diagnoses and some are not.
The elements in the term "cardiomyopathy" in order are
a combining form, a combining form, and a suffix.
The thoracic cavity is
a space in the chest
Define a superficial vein.
a vein located just beneath the skin
The diaphragm separates the _______________ and _________________ cavities.
abdominal; thoracic
What does the abbreviation ADL stand for?
activities of daily living
A medication that lowers a fever is termed a(n):
antipyretic
The left ventricle is slightly enlarged. Right atrium and right ventricle appear to be dilated. There is tortuosity of the thoracic aorta, with arteriosclerosis. The hilar and interstitial structures are somewhat accentuated. There are large pericardial fat pads. Tricuspid and pulmonic valves appear normal but are not well seen. Mitral valve appears grossly normal for age. Aortic valve appears grossly normal for age. Where are the pericardial fat pads?
around the heart
Does Mrs. Jones have atherosclerosis or arteriosclerosis?
arteriosclerosis
A medical procedure that fixates or stiffens a joint is an________.
arthrodesis
Of the terms epiphysial, osteogenic, mandibular, and palatine, __________.
at least one term has a suffix
Where is the popliteal fossa located?
at the back of the knee
The left ventricle is slightly enlarged. Right atrium and right ventricle appear to be dilated. There is tortuosity of the thoracic aorta, with arteriosclerosis. The hilar and interstitial structures are somewhat accentuated. There are large pericardial fat pads. Tricuspid and pulmonic valves appear normal but are not well seen. Mitral valve appears grossly normal for age. Aortic valve appears grossly normal for age. Which two terms refer to chambers
atrium/ventricle The atrium is the upper chamber and the ventricle is the lower chamber of the heart.
Muscle that has decreased in size has said to have the condition of:
atrophy
Which of the following terms means no blood supply?
avascular
The plural form of the word for armpit is:
axillae
While in the supine position, you are lying on your
back with your palms facing the ceiling.
The prefix inter- in the term intervertebral means that the discs are ___________ certain vertebrae in the vertebral column.
between
Which group of terms is the hamstring muscles?
biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus
Which two terms contain elements that mean a number?
biceps, triceps
The terms comminuted, transverse, and impacted all apply to __________.
bone fractures
Which of the following is not a bone?
brachioradialis
The bone of the tarsus that forms the heel is the __________.
calcaneus
In the medical term cardiovascular, the word part that means heart is
cardi/o.
The thoracic cavity is in the:
chest The term thoracic means pertaining to the chest.
The medical term dementia means
chronic, progressive, irreversible loss of intellectual and mental functions.
The combining form thrombo- in the term thrombolytic means _______.
clot
In the term paronychia, the suffix means
condition. The term paronychia, the suffix is -ia which means condition.
Aortic stenosis and cardiac ischemia are common conditions leading to CHF.
congestive heart failure
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft C = coronary means pertaining to a crown. Coronary arteries take a path around the heart that resembles a crown. A = artery, a type of blood vessel that takes blood away from the heart. B = bypass, which means going around a structure or an obstruction. G = graft means tissue that is transplanted to a new location.
A treatment used to remove eschar
debridement.
possible peripheral neuropathy
decrease in sensation with pain in the hands and feet
The shaft of a long bone is called the __________.
diaphysis
The root path- in the word idiopathic means ____________.
disease
The root that means lead:
duct-
The most superficial layer of the skin is the
epidermis.
The prefix hyper- in the term hypertrophy means __________.
excessive
The left ventricle is slightly enlarged. Right atrium and right ventricle appear to be dilated. There is tortuosity of the thoracic aorta, with arteriosclerosis. The hilar and interstitial structures are somewhat accentuated. There are large pericardial fat pads. Tricuspid and pulmonic valves appear normal but are not well seen. Mitral valve appears grossly normal for age. Aortic valve appears grossly normal for age. A synonym for dilated is
expanded
Choose the pair that has both terms spelled correctly.
fasciitis, arthritis
What are the three components of a muscle?
fibers, blood vessels, and nerves
In the medical term collagen, the suffix means
formation of. The meaning of the medical term collagen is to form (-gen) glue (coll/a).
Pick the pair that is the correct plural spelling and definition:
ganglia - swelling.
The suffix -ceps means:
head
Patients may request that you "translate" medical language into language they can more easily understand. Practice communicating the correct information by selecting a layman's phrase that can replace the medical diagnosis. H/O CAD, hypertension, retinopathy
history of heart disease, high blood pressure, and eye disease
Where is the popliteal fossa located?
hollow at the back of the knee
Where is the insertion point of the rotator cuff?
humerus
Which two prefixes are opposites?
hyper- and hypo-
Lifting heavy objects over a long period of time can result in muscle:
hypertrophy
Use of anabolic steroids can result in muscle:
hypertrophy
Which of the following terms has a root and a prefix, but no suffix and means "increase in size of muscle tissue"?
hypertrophy
The medical term STAT means something is to be performed:
immediately
What do the IADLs relate to?
independent living
An NSAID that is described as a potent pain reliever but is not used for minor aches and pains due to its serious side effects:
indomethacin
What is thrombophlebitis?
inflammation of a vein with clot formation Thrombophlebitis means inflammation (-itis) of a vein (-phleb-) with clot formation (thromb/o).
NSAIDS inhibit enzymes that are involved in the _______ process.
inflammatory
Exudate occurs as a result of _________.
injury
The prefix endo- in the term endocardial means __________________.
inside
The expertise of a radiologist is in __________.
interpreting X-rays
Ischemia would best be described as
lack of blood supply to tissue.
The left lower quadrant would also contain the ________ region.
left inguinal
Patients may request that you "translate" medical language into language they can more easily understand. Practice communicating the correct information by selecting a layman's phrase that can replace the medical diagnosis. probable deep vein thrombosis, left leg
likely a clot in the deep vein in her left leg
The prefix hypo- in the term hypovolemia means ____________.
low
Choose the answer that correctly spells the word indicated by the pronunciation key MACK-roh-SIT-ik.
macrocytic
Homeostasis means __________.
maintaining equilibrium
Which type of hypertension is life-threatening?
malignant hypertension Malignant hypertension is a rare, severe, life-threatening form of hypertension that involves blood pressure readings greater than 200/120 mmHg.
Mrs. Keene has polymyositis, which is not responding to corticosteroids. What are corticosteroids?
medication used to reduce inflammation
The term that means a neoplasm formed from cells that produce melanin is
melanoma.
The axial skeleton connects to the limbs, which facilitates what body function?
movement of limbs
The combining form my/o in the term myocardial means ___________.
muscle
The class of medication that treats muscle spasticity:
muscle relaxant
What connects the appendicular skeleton to the axial skeleton?
muscles and ligaments of the shoulder and hip
What is the medical term that means a condition of death (of cells)?
necrosis Necrosis means condition of (-osis) death (necr/o).
The root in the word nutrient means
nourish.
Which two terms relate to muscles?
origin, insertion
When standing in front of a patient who is in the anatomical position, you can see
palms of the hands.
The analgesic listed that is NOT an NSAID:
paracetamol
Which of the following prefixes means "through"?
per-
PTCA
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty P = percutaneous means pertaining to through the skin; T = transluminal means pertaining to through light. A light is used to shine through body structures to visualize the target structure. C = coronary means pertaining to a crown. Coronary arteries take a path around the heart that resembles a crown. A= angioplasty means surgical repair of blood vessels.
The medical term prenatal means
pertaining to before the birth.
The medical term intravenous means
pertaining to the inside a vein.
Substernal means
pertaining to under the breastbone The prefix sub- means under. Substernal means pertaining to under the breastbone.
Sublingual means
pertaining to under the tongue The prefix sub- means under. Sublingual means pertaining to under the tongue.
Select the correct pair of singular and plural terms.
phalanx/phalanges
Which of the following is the correct form of the root for the word pneumonia?
pneumon-
Patients may request that you "translate" medical language into language they can more easily understand. Practice communicating the correct information by selecting a layman's phrase that can replace the medical diagnosis. Severe claudication, both legs
poor blood circulation produces pain on walking Claudication is a condition caused by poor blood circulation in the legs that produces pain on walking.
The spinal cavity is located _____________ to the center of the body.
posterior
A baby born after 42 weeks of gestation is considered to be
postmature
A successful fertilization results in
pregnancy.
The prefix that means four:
quadri-
The lower arm consists of the bone(s) called the __________.
radius and ulna
The suffix -graphy in the term angiography means _________.
recording
All of the following are functions of skeletal muscles except
removal of waste products The functions of muscle are movement, posture, body heat, respiration, and communication.
Based on the surgical suffix in the term arthroplasty, what is being done?
repair of
Which of the following is the root for the medical term respiratory?
respir-
Which of the following is a root that means to breathe?
respir- The root respir- means breathe. The prefix epi- means above, the prefix micro- means small, the prefix endo- means within, the root pneum- means lung.
Osteomalacia in children is known as ____________.
rickets
The core element of any term is its:
root.
Four muscles that originate on the scapula wrap around the shoulder joint and fuse to form one large tendon called the
rotator cuff
A frequent sports injury to the shoulder girdle is
rotator cuff tear
The four muscles that originate on the scapula fuse together into the
rotator cuff tendon
A thin wall dividing two cavities:
septum A septum is a wall separating two cavities. The wall that separates the right side of the heart from the left side is called the atrioventricular septum.
The suffix in homeostasis stands for
standstill or control. In the medical term homeostasis, the suffix is -stasis which means to standstill or to control.
Mr. Hank Johnson became diaphoretic in the ED. This means he:
started sweating
An overstretch or tear in a muscle is termed a
strain
The RUQ is located _________________ to the RLQ.
superior
The left hypochondriac region is
superior to and left of the umbilical region.
What is the best description of the rotator cuff? It is a
tendon
In order to diagnose the cause of Mrs. Patricia Keene's muscle weakness, an EMG will be performed. What is an EMG?
test to measure the electrical activity of a muscle
The word element -logy is an example of
the ending of some words.
The root is the word element that is
the foundation of the word that provides its meaning.
The definition for the medical term ileum:
third portion of the small intestine.
The meaning of the medical term transfusion is
transfer of blood or a blood component from a donor to a recipient.
The left ventricle is slightly enlarged. Right atrium and right ventricle appear to be dilated. There is tortuosity of the thoracic aorta, with arteriosclerosis. The hilar and interstitial structures are somewhat accentuated. There are large pericardial fat pads. Tricuspid and pulmonic valves appear normal but are not well seen. Mitral valve appears grossly normal for age. Aortic valve appears grossly normal for age. Which heart valve has three flaps?
tricuspid The tricuspid valve has three flaps. The term tricuspid means having the particular quality of three points (flaps).
Patients may request that you "translate" medical language into language they can more easily understand. Practice communicating the correct information by selecting a layman's phrase that can replace the medical diagnosis. Varicose veins, both legs
twisted, engorged veins in both legs
The prefix sub- means
under
The pectoral girdle connects the axial skeleton to the
upper limbs
Temperature regulation by the skin is accomplished by:
vasodilation and vasoconstriction.
Pick the set of terms that are all blood vessels:
venule, arteriole, capillary A venule, an arteriole, and a capillary are all microscopic blood vessels.
Rickets is a disease caused by __________.
vitamin D deficiency
What is another name for skeletal muscle?
voluntary, striated