Medterm Quiz 12.1

Which of the following conditions is characterized by fine tremors, muscle rigidity, and a shuffling gait? Alzheimer's disease Reye's syndrome Parkinson's disease Bell's palsy

Parkinson's disease BECAUSE: Parkinson's disease is characterized by fine tremors, muscle rigidity, and a shuffling gait. Alzheimer's disease is characterized by progressive disorientation, apathy, speech and gait disturbances, and loss of memory. Reye's syndrome is characterized by encephalopathy and organ damage and is associated with aspirin use in children. Bell's palsy is characterized by one-sided facial paralysis.

Which of the following is one of the two main components of the central nervous system? ganglion motor neurons cranial nerves spinal cord

Spinal cord BECAUSE: The central nervous system is comprised of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system is made up of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves.

A convulsion is the alternation between involuntary muscle contractions and relaxations.

True

A person with explosive disorder is prone to extreme rages.

True

An aura is an unusual sensation that occurs before a seizure.

True

Symptoms of a migraine include severe head pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light.

True

The brain contains four interconnected cavities called ventricles.

True

The term myelogram means a record of the spinal cord.

True

Which type of seizure is also called a petit mal seizure? focal seizure absence seizure tonic-clonic seizure grand mal seizure

absence seizure BECAUSE: An absence seizure is also known as a petit mal seizure. The other choices are incorrect.

Which layer of the meninges forms weblike filaments? arachnoid layer dura mater pia mater subdural space

arachnoid layer BECAUSE: The arachnoid layer is made up of weblike filaments. The dura mater is the tough and fibrous outer layer of the meninges. The pia mater is applied directly to the brain. The subdural space is the space between the dura mater and the arachnoid layer.

A nerve is a bundle of ________ carrying messages between the central nervous system and various parts of the body. ganglia axons dendrites sulci

axons BECAUSE: A bundle of axons carrying messages between the central nervous system and various parts of the body is a nerve. Ganglia is the plural of ganglion; a ganglion is the nerve cell bodies of the neurons forming a nerve grouped together in a knot-like mass outside of the central nervous system. Sulci are the valleys between the gyri. Dendrites are the end of the neuron that receives the electrical impulse from the axon of the previous neuron.

The condition of being awake and alert to one's surroundings is called: dementia. unconscious. conscious. aura.

conscious. BECAUSE: The condition of being awake and alert to one's surroundings is called conscious. Dementia is progressive impairment of intellectual function that interferes with performing activities of daily living. An aura is the sensation experienced prior to a seizure or migraine. The condition or state of being unaware of surroundings, with the inability to respond to stimuli, is called unconscious.

Which surgical procedure removes part of a vertebra to relieve pressure on a spinal nerve? laminectomy cerebrospinal fluid shunt nerve block carotid endarterectomy

laminectomy BECAUSE: A laminectomy removes part of a vertebra to relieve pressure on a spinal nerve. A cerebrospinal fluid shunt creates a bypass to drain cerebrospinal fluid. A carotid endarterectomy removes an obstruction in the carotid. A nerve block is a regional anesthetic.

Which of the following diagnostic tests measures how fast an impulse travels along a nerve? cerebral angiography lumbar puncture positron emission tomography nerve conduction velocity

nerve conduction velocity BECAUSE: A nerve conduction velocity test measures how fast an impulse travels along a nerve. A lumbar puncture is a puncture with a needle into the lumbar area to withdraw fluid for examination and for the injection of anesthesia. Positron emission tomography uses positively charged isotopes to obtain an image of the brain. Cerebral angiography is an X-ray of the blood vessels of the brain after the injection of radiopaque dye.

Dementia is an example of what category of mental disorder? eating disorders personality disorders neurocognitive disorders depressive disorders

neurocognitive disorders Dementia is an example of a neurocognitive disorder. Examples of eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Examples of personality disorders are paranoid personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and antisocial personality disorder. Examples of depressive disorders are major depressive disorder and mania.

The medical term for an abnormal sensation such as burning or tingling is: syncope. seizure. paresthesia. tremor.

paresthesia. BECAUSE: A paresthesia is an abnormal sensation such as burning or tingling. A tremor is involuntary repetitive movement of a body part. A seizure is a sudden, uncontrollable onset of symptoms. Syncope is the medical term for fainting.

Which type of anesthesia is also known as a nerve block? intravenous topical local regional

regional BECAUSE: A nerve block is a regional anesthetic. Intravenous (IV) refers to the route for administering general anesthesia. Topical is a method of applying a local anesthesia. Local anesthesia produces a loss of sensation in one localized part of the body.

Which of the following conditions is a collection of blood within the meninges? astrocytoma subdural hematoma meningioma meningocele

subdural hematoma BECAUSE: A subdural hematoma is a collection of blood within the meninges. A meningocele is a congenital condition in which the meninges protrude through an opening in the vertebral column. A meningioma is a tumor in the meninges. An astrocytoma is a tumor of the brain or spinal cord that is composed of astrocytes.

Which part of the brain serves as a center for relaying impulses from the eyes, ears, and skin to the cerebrum? hypothalamus cerebrum thalamus pons

thalamus BECAUSE: The thalamus serves as a center for relaying impulses from the eyes, ears, and skin to the cerebrum. The hypothalamus controls body temperature, appetite, sleep, sexual desire, and emotions. The cerebrum is responsible for thoughts, judgment, memory, problem solving, and language. The pons connects the cerebellum to the rest of the brain.

Involuntary, repetitive, alternating movement of a body part is called: tremor. syncope. paresthesia. palsy.

tremor. BECAUSE: A tremor is an involuntary, repetitive, alternating movement of a body part. Paresthesia is an abnormal sensation such as burning or tingling. Syncope is fainting. Palsy is the temporary or permanent loss of ability to control movement.

Shingles consists of painful blisters along the spinal cord.

False

Which of the following abbreviations stands for a pathological condition in which there is a loss of the myelin sheath around nerves? CVA SCI MS TIA

MS BECAUSE: MS stands for multiple sclerosis, a pathological condition in which there is a loss of the myelin sheath around nerves. CVA stands for cerebrovascular accident, a pathological condition in which there is a development of an infarct due to loss in the blood supply to an area of the brain. TIA stands for transient ischemic attack, a pathological condition in which there is a temporary interference with blood supply to the brain. SCI stands for spinal cord injury, damage to the spinal cord as a result of trauma.

Which of the following statements regarding neuroglial cells is NOT true? Neuroglial cells conduct electrical impulses. Some neuroglial cells produce myelin. There is a variety of types of neuroglial cells. Neuroglial cells provide support for the neurons.

Neuroglial cells conduct electrical impulses. BECAUSE: Neurons, not neuroglial cells, conduct electrical impulses. The other statements are true.

Which of the following abbreviations is a pathological condition? CP EEG PET ANS

CP BECAUSE: CP stands for cerebral palsy, a pathological condition. EEG stands for electroencephalogram, a diagnostic test. PET stands for positron emission tomography, a diagnostic test. ANS stands for autonomic nervous system.

A psychologist is a physician specializing in treating mental disorders.

False

A tractotomy is a surgical procedure used to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid from the brain and shunt it toward the abdominal cavity.

False

Sensory nerves carry commands to muscles and glands.

False

Which of the following medications is used to treat minor pain? hypnotic anesthetic analgesic dopaminergic drugs

analgesic BECAUSE: An analgesic is used to treat minor pain. An anesthetic produces a loss of sensation or a loss of consciousness. Dopaminergic drugs are used to treat Parkinson's disease. A hypnotic promotes sleep.

Which part of the brain coordinates voluntary body movements and maintains balance? cerebellum pons diencephalon cerebrum

cerebellum BECAUSE: The cerebellum coordinates voluntary body movements and maintains balance. The pons is the bridge between the cerebellum and the rest of the brain. The cerebrum is the area that processes thoughts, judgment, memory, problem solving, and language. The diencephalon contains the thalamus and hypothalamus.

Which of the following terms describes the elevated portions, or convolutions, on the surface of the cerebrum? ventricles gyri synapse sulci

gyri BECAUSE: Gyri are the elevated portions of the cerebrum. Ventricles are cavities containing cerebrospinal fluid. The synapse is the point at which the axon of one neuron meets the dendrite of the next neuron. The sulci are the valleys separating the gyri.