Memory

During her psychology test, Kelsey could not remember the meaning of the term proactive interference. Surprisingly, however, she accurately remembered that the term appeared on the fourth line of a left-hand page in her textbook. Her memory of this incidental information is best explained in terms of

automatic processing.

Marci vividly remembered winning a stuffed animal at a carnival game when she was a child. However, when she mentioned this to her parents, she was told that the event never occurred. Marci's experience may have been influenced by

imagination inflation

Which of the following best describes explicit memories?

include memory for general knowledge

Craik and Tulving experimentally demonstrated that people effectively remember seeing a specific word after they decide whether that word fits into an incomplete sentence. This research highlighted the effectiveness of

semantic encoding

After attending group therapy sessions for adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse, Karen mistakenly remembered details from others' traumatic life stories as part of her own life history. This best illustrates the dangers of

source amnesia.

Sounds and words that are not immediately attended to can still be recalled a couple of seconds later because of our ________ memory.

echoic

Professor Maslova has so many memories of former students that she has difficulty remembering the names of new students. The professor's difficulty best illustrates

proactive interference

Ebbinghaus discovered that the rate at which we forget newly learned information is initially

rapid and subsequently slows down

Deep processing is most closely associated with the concept of

semantic encoding

The statement, "The haystack was important because the cloth ripped," becomes easier to understand and recall when you are given the following prompt: "A parachutist." This best illustrates the influence of

semantic encoding

Our inability to remember information presented in the seconds just before we fall asleep is most likely due to

encoding failure

Repeating someone's name several times shortly after being introduced to that person is an effective strategy for

rehearsal

Which measure of memory did Hermann Ebbinghaus use to assess the impact of rehearsal on retention?

relearning

The use of acronyms to improve one's memory of unfamiliar material best illustrates the value of

chunking

Although Arturo has looked at his watch thousands of times, he is unable to recall whether the watch features Arabic or Roman numerals. This is most likely due to a failure in

encoding

Austin can't remember Jack Smith's name because he wasn't paying attention when Jack was formally introduced. Austin's poor memory is best explained in terms of

encoding failure

Although Mr. Yanagita has recently learned to play poker quite well, he cannot consciously remember ever having played poker. It is likely that he has suffered damage to his

hippocampus

We are more likely to remember the words "typewriter, cigarette, and fire" than the words "void, process, and inherent." This best illustrates the value of

imagery

Whenever he feels sexually jealous, David is flooded with painful recollections of the rare occasions in which he had observed his girlfriend flirting with other men. David's experience best illustrates

mood-congruent memory

Iconic memory refers to

photographic, or picture-image, memory that lasts for only a few tenths of a second.

Retrieval cues are most likely to facilitate a process known as

priming

The smell of freshly baked bread awakened in Mr. Hutz vivid memories of his early childhood. The aroma apparently acted as a powerful

retrieval cue.

Mentally re-creating the mood that accompanied your original learning of course material is an effective way to activate

retrieval cues

Explicit memory is to long-term memory as iconic memory is to ________ memory.

sensory

At your first day of work the manager introduces your coworkers, one at a time. As you meet each person, you repeat all the names, starting at the beginning. By the time you meet the last person, you can better recall the names at the beginning and the last names you heard. Which of the following best explains your experience?

serial position effect

How does the brain's capacity for parallel processing relate to encoding new memories?

Parallel processing allows many sensory experiences to be encoded all at once, some automatically, some with effort

Using the mnemonic ROY G. BIV to remember the colors of the rainbow in the order of wavelength illustrates the use of

an acronym

The process of retrieval refers to

getting information out of memory storage