MF Psychology final
Gordon, a 50-year-old lawyer, has just learned from his position that he has only one year to live. According to Kübler-Ross, his first reaction to hearing the news is likely to be: A) "No, it's not possible, there's obviously been some mixup, some terrible mistake" B) "Life is not worth living anymore" C) "Why me? This is very unfair and makes me mad" D) "Well, that's the way it goes, I guess"
A) "No, it's not possible, there's obviously been some mixup, some terrible mistake"
It is an innate characteristic of the European cuckoo to lay her eggs in other birds nests. This behavior is called ___ and is an example of ___. A) A fixed action pattern; an instinct B) Energy Homeostasis; a drive C) A drive; incentive motivation D) anthropomorphism; competence motivation
A) A fixed action pattern; an instinct
When Samira was an infant, she was usually calm uninhibited, sociable, and typically showed interest rather than fear when exposed to new people, novel experiences, and unfamiliar objects. In terms of Kagan's classification of temperamental patterns, Samira is likely to be categorized as: A) A low-reactive infant B) a slow-to-warm-up infant C) A high-reactive infant D) and insecurely attached infant
A) A low-reactive infant
Zomobia is easily bored and constantly seeks new and stimulating situations; she loves the outdoors and includes among her many interests skydiving, downhill skiing, white water kayaking, and hang gliding. Based on this information about her, it is most probable that she would be classified as: A) A sensation seeker B) fully self-actualized C) emotionally intelligent D) having high extrinsic motivation
A) A sensation seeker
Miss Carson to phone her husband and quickly listed to 12 items she wanted him to pick up at the store. After his wife hung up, Mr. Carson attempted to write down the items. It is likely that he will: A) Forget the items in the middle B) remember only the middle and the last items C) remember only the first and middle items D) Forget the first and last items and remember the items in the middle
A) Forget the items in the middle
Fast-that-fuds offers a double helping of fries with its sooper dooper whopper burger for only an extra $.15; not surprisingly, many people by the larger meal. This phenomenon is referred to as: A) The "supersize it" syndrome B) the cafeteria diet effect C) positive incentive value D) the energy homeostasis effect
A) The "supersize it" syndrome
Kelly is a healthy, lively two-year-old. If she is like most normal temperance, the development of her musical and motor skills would have followed a top-to-bottom sequence, with the top of her body developing faster than the bottom part; also, she would have developed motor control from the center of her body outwards. These two developmental tendencies are called ___ and ___, respectively. A) The cephalocaudal pattern; the proximodistal trend B) The germinal period; the embryonic period C) The epigenetic pattern; the zygotic trend D) The phenotypic pattern; the genotypic pattern
A) The cephalocaudal pattern; the proximodistal trend
Shawn is asked to memorize a map of an island that has a hut, a lake, a treat, a beach, and a grassy area, all clearly marked at distinct locations. Later, he is asked to imagine a specific location, such as the hot; when a second location, the tree, is named, he has to press a button when he reaches the tree on the visual image in his mind. what are the results of this experiment most likely to reveal about the relationship between the distance between two points and the time it will take Sean to scan the mental image of the map? A) The greater the distance, the more time it will take Sean to scan the mental image B) the greater the distance, blessed time it will take Sean to scan the mental image C) the shorter the distance, the more time it will take Sean to scan the mental image D) all of the statements are false; there is no relationship between distance and time taken to mentally scan points on a map
A) The greater the distance, the more time it will take Sean to scan the mental image
12-year-old Val has just taken a test that includes vocabulary, comprehension, general knowledge, I'll check assembly, and other subtests. Val has completed the: A) WAIS B) WPPSI C) WISC D) Stanford-Binet
A) WAIS
Danielle has switched college majors four times and does not know what she wants to do after she gets her degree. Erickson would suggest that Danielle has not achieved: A) and integrated identity B) a sense of generativity C) the zone of proximal development D) the formal operational stage of development
A) an integrated identity
Richard F. Thompson classically conditioned rabbits to I-blank to a tone. He found them after learning, the brain activity in the rabbits cerebellum changed. This results suggest that some long-term memories: A) are stored and localized region of the brain B) are distributed and stored across multiple brain locations C) have no biological or physical basis in the rain D) are very vulnerable if they are not given enough time to consolidate
A) are stored in a localized region of the brain
Dr. Range's views are consistent with self determination theory (SDT). He believes that for people to realize optimal psychological functioning and growth throughout the lifespan, a number of innate and universal needs must be met, namely: A) autonomy, competence, and relatedness B) competence, enter personal engagement, and self-efficiency C) self-actualization, mastery, self-efficacy D) relatedness, satiation, and homeostasis
A) autonomy, competence, and relatedness
Jerome recently saw a TV special and which most of the psychologists interviewed or middle-aged, bearded mail. When he took his first psychology class, he was surprised to find that his professor was a young female rather than an older, bearded mail. Jerome's surprise is probably due to his use of the: A) availability heuristic B) elimination by aspects model C) single-future model D) additive model
A) availability heuristic
When want me to get paid, she uses her money to buy food to feed her family. For Whaneta, money is a ___ reinforcer and food is a ___ reinforcer. A) conditioned; primary B) primary; negative C) conditioned; secondary D) primary; positive
A) conditioned; primary
Researchers who have found evidence that subjects appear to have a hidden observer or likely suggest that hypnosis involves: A)disassociation B) special factors C) stages 3 and 4 NREM sleep D) imaginative suggestibility
A) disassociation
According to enhancing well-being with psychology (superpower memory and minutes per day!), One way to make memories last is to learn material over several sessions rather than cramming learning into one long session. This method of study is called: A) distributed practice B) last practice C) maintenance rehearsal D) serial position learning
A) distributed practice
When Gary was preparing for an exam, he tried to make the material more meaningful by using strategies such as visual imagery, creating short stories involving the terms, self-referencing, and so on. Gary is using __ to help him remember the information. A) elaborative rehearsal B) maintenance rehearsal C) clustering D) the encoding specificity principal
A) elaborative rehearsal
Morrie is a very successful business consultant. His success, and part at least, is due to his capacity to manage and understand his own emotional experiences, and his ability to correctly perceive, comprehend, and respond appropriately to the emotional reactions of his clients. Morrie has a high level of: A) emotional intelligence B) self-determination C) interpersonal engagement D) power motivation
A) emotional intelligence
In preparation for his biology exam, why no repeats the list of terms and their definitions over and over. Why animals rehearsal strategy involves the fundamental memory process of: A) encoding B) storage C) retrieval D) wasting his time
A) encoding
Louis forgot to bring his pillow when he went camping for the weekend, so he spent a very uncomfortable night. It didn't occur to Louis and that he could use his down-the field jacket as a pillow. This example best illustrates: A) functional fixedness B) mental set C) the availability heuristic D) use of an algorithm
A) functional fixedness
Sachiyo had lunch more than an hour later than usual. Before lunch, she probably had high blood levels of the "hunger hormone" A) gherkin B) cholecystokinin (CCK) C) neuropeptide D) leptin
A) ghrelin
Lincoln is a normal 8-month-old infant. According to Chomsky's theory of language development, Lincoln: A) has a biological predisposition to learn any language and can distinguish among speech sounds in all the world's languages B) has a much larger production vocabulary and comprehension vocabulary C) can only distinguish among the speech sounds of the language spoken by his parents D) is capable of speaking quite clearly but only in motherese (infant-directed speech)
A) has a biological predisposition to learn any language and can distinguish among speech sounds in all the world's languages
Mr. Danzig is a 68-year-old retired accountant. If he is typical of people his age, he is probably living: A) in his own home B) in a nursing home C) with his grown-up children D) in a mental health facility
A) in his own home
When two-year-old Kerry was tested in the Strange Situation, she did not explore the environment even when her mother was present. She appeared very anxious, and she became extremely distressed when her mother left the room. Kerry is a(n): A) insecurely attached infant B) securely attached infant C) slow-to-warm-up infant D) concrete operational infant
A) insecurely attached infant
Prof. Devores area of research is concerned with the long-term signals that regulate body weight. The chemical messengers of most interest to the professor are likely to be: A) leptin, insulin, and neuropeptide Y (NPY) B) glucose, insulin, glycogen, and adipose C) CCK, BMR, and BMI D) BMR, NPY, and CCK
A) leptin, insulin, and neuropeptide Y (NPY)
When Katrina is asked to identify the letters of the alphabet that do not have curved lines, she tries to mentally picture each letter as she completes the task. Katrina is using: A) mental imagery B) a natural concept C) a formal concept D) a prototype
A) mental imagery
16-year-old Jade is reading books about different religions and philosophies and is trying out different approaches to how one should live one's life. Jade is in Ericksons: A) moratorium period B) Generativity stage C) ego integrity period D) formal operational stage
A) moratorium period
When Manfred, who used to be a compulsive gambler, it's asked how much money he won or lost, he recalls losing much less money then was actually the case. Manfred's memory failure best illustrates: A) motivated forgetting B) retrieval cue failure C) retroactive interference D) proactive interference
A) motivated forgetting
When Aaron is asked to define weapon, he responds that it is anything you could use to beat someone with. Aaron is using the word weapon as a: A) natural concept B) algorithm C) formal concept D) heuristic
A) natural concept
Rachel studies a lot to avoid getting bad grades because for her a bad grade is devastating. Rachel's studying behavior is maintained by: A) negative reinforcement B) primary reinforcement C) positive reinforcement D) punishment by removal
A) negative reinforcement
After they had been watching Superman cartoons all morning, five-year-old gym and six-year-old John, each using a beach towel as a cape, climbed on top of the garage roof and got ready to fly. Their startled mother stop them in time and realize the powerful influence of ___ on behavior. A) observational learning B) classical conditioning C) operative conditioning D) stimulus generalization
A) operational learning
Whenever Killian is introduced to someone, he usually remembers the name by repeating it over and over to himself. Killian is using a memory strategy called: A) rehearsal B) retroactive interference C) clustering D) chunking
A) rehearsal
After his fifth slice of pizza, Massimo felt quite full. His feeling of satiation was most likely triggered by: A) stretch receptors in his stomach and cholecystokinin (CCK) B) leptin, ghrelin, and insulin C) homeostasis, adipose, and insulin D) glycogen, leptin, ghrelin, and insulin
A) stretch receptors in his stomach and cholecystokinin (CCK)
When Heidi tells her that she is going to enter a foot race to raise funds to in the arms race, he has no trouble understanding that she is going to run in a race to generate support for an anti-weapons cause. Hans correct interpretation best illustrates the importance of: A) syntax B) displacement C) generativity D) prototypes
A) syntax
After spending weeks of studying a variety of sources and materials, Terry still couldn't decide on a topic for her seminar presentation. However, when she was out for her daily jog, she suddenly had a flash of inspiration about her topic. To resolve her problem: A) through insight B) by using an algorithm C) through functional fixedness D) by using the representativeness heuristic
A) through insight
When Thomas was conceived, he was a single fertilized egg called a(n): A) zygote B) embryo C) fetus D) infant
A) zygote
Which of the following best illustrates classical conditioning? A)Henry feels ill when he smells peanut butter because it once made him sick B) Annalise studies hard because she wants to get good grades C) Virginia go shopping for new clothes fairly frequently because it makes her feel good D) Lynndale Drives at the posted speed limit after getting a number of speeding tickets
A)Henry feels ill when he smells peanut butter because it once made him sick
Dr. Radnor believes that classical conditioning depends on the information the conditioned stimulus provides about the unconditioned stimulus. Also, for learning to occur the conditioned stimulus must be a reliable signal that predict the presentation of the unconditioned stimulus. Dr. Redners views are most consistent with those of the learning theorist: A)Robert A Rescorla B)Edward L Thorndike C)Ivan Pavlov D)B. F. Skinner
A)Robert A Rescorla
In an experiment, children were randomly assigned to a group that watched a violent video or to a group that watched a nonviolent video; later, researchers measure the level of aggression and both groups under controlled laboratory conditions. In this example, the measure of the children's aggression was the: A)Dependent variable B)independent variable C)extraneous variable D)naturalistic variable
A)dependent variable
In her research, Dr. Crenshaw focuses on the application of principles of natural selection to explain psychological processes and phenomena. Dr. Crenshaw is most likely a(n)____ A) evolutionary B) biological C) behavioral D) psychodynamic
A)evolutionary
Dr. Sandman investigates the relationship between sleep deprivation and cognitive abilities. He decides to test research participants and his sleep research lab under varying conditions. First, he allows all his participants to get a number of uninterrupted nights sleep and records how long each participant sleeps on average. Next, he decides that sleep deprivation would be either two, three, or four hours fewer than the average for each participant. Dr. Sandman: A)has operationally defined one of his variables B)is using cruel and unusual punishment C)is conducting correlational research D)has proposed a theory
A)has operationally defined one of his variables
Richard is heading to work shortly after sunrise and is enjoying the bright morning sunshine. The most likely affect of this exposure is that: A)he will experience a decrease and levels of melatonin, in the sunlight will help entrain hiscircadian rhythm's on a 24 hour schedule B) he will become very drowsy and sleepy C) he will experience an increase in the production of melatonin D) his circadian rhythm's will become desynchronized and he will experience symptoms of jet lag
A)he will experience a decrease and levels of melatonin, in the sunlight will help entrain his SCN so that keeps his circadian rhythm is on a 24 hour schedule
According to critical thinking (is human freedom just an illusion?) BF Skinner maintained that: A)human freedom is an allusion B) all behavior arises from causes that are within the individual, and environmental factors have little or no influence C) cognitive factors are the crucial elements and all learning and that how we think about things determines our actions D) people should be held responsible for their actions because they have individual freedom (free will) and are self-determined
A)human freedom is an illusion
38-year-old Billy gets out of bed at 1 AM and starts to sleep walk. He is most likely: A)in the slow wave stage 3 or 4 NREM sleep B)suffering from narcolepsy C)in REM sleep D) experiencing elevated brain levels of hypocretins.
A)in the slow wave stage 3 or 4 NREM sleep
A researcher is interested in whether people talk when they are writing and elevators and unobtrusively nothing when they hear a conversation. These researchers are using: A)naturalistic observation B)experimental research C)correlational research D)case study research
A)naturalistic observation
Dr. Radarsched conducts research on the phenomenon of biological preparedness she is most likely to discover that: A)organisms are innately predisposed to form associations between some stimuli and responses and not to others B) the general principles of learning apply to virtually all animal species and all learning situations C) classical conditioning occurs because two stimuli are associated closely and time and that frequency and contiguity are only variables that affect learning D) mental processes, but not an egg predispositions, or the crucial variables involved in classical conditioning
A)organisms are innately predisposed to form associations between some stimuli and responses and not to others
Pedro was injected with a small amount of radioactivity tagged glucose. Then, while lying in a scanner, she tried to recall a list of words she had memorized earlier. The scanner tracked the glucose as her brain was using it. A computer then analyze this data and produced a color-coded image of her brain activity. Petro was participating in an experiment using: A) positron-emission tomography (PET) B) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) C) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) D) functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)
A)positron-emission tomography (PET)
Dr. Benjamin hypothesizes a client and suggest that she will no longer feel a craving for chocolates. Dr. Benjamin is making use of: A)posthypnotic suggestion B)hypermnesia C)posthypnotic amnesia D)meditation
A)posthypnotic suggestion
Compared with clinical psychologists psychiatrists are more likely to: A)prescribe drugs and other medical procedures for their clients B)assume that psychological disorders result from unconscious conflicts C)use a cognitively based therapy rather than a biologically-based therapy D)favor a humanistic perspective rather than a psychoanalytic perspective
A)prescribe drugs and other medical procedures for their clients
Dr. Barb own and his colleagues decide to repeat the essence of an earlier start using different participants. They are: A)replicating the previous study B)wasting their time C)doing a meta-analysis D)violating one of the ethical code of the American psychological Association
A)replicating the previous study
Ricardo always gets nervous and apprehensive when his professor uses the word exam, but he seldom feels the same anxiety when the word quiz is mentioned. Assuming that classical conditioning is involved in these two different reactions at the mention of tests, it appears Ricardo is exhibiting: A)stimulus discrimination B) spontaneous recovery C) latent learning D) stimulus generation
A)stimulus discrimination
Whopper to spading in a research project, Teddy was confined to an isolation unit for a number of weeks and deprived of all external time signals. During this experiment, it is very probable that: A)teddy's internal body clock will drift to its natural or intrinsic rhythm, which is about 24.2 hours long B)teddies SCN Will keep his circadian cycle synchronized on a 24 hour schedule C)teddy's internal body clock will drift to its natural or intrinsic rhythm, which is about 25.2 hours long D)Teddy will suffer major depression, ration ability, memory loss, and both mental and physical fatigue because his SCN is no longer being entertained by sunlight
A)teddy's internal body clock will drift to its natural or intrinsic rhythm, which is about 24.2 hours long
Six-year-old Bruce's performance on an intelligence test is at a level characteristic of an average four-year-old. Bruce is mental age is: A) 8 B) 4 C) 6 D) 5
B) 4
When Earl is asked what object or objects come to mind in response to the word vegetable, he answers "potatoes and carrots." For Earl, potatoes and carrots are: A) formal concepts B) prototypes C) algorithms D) heuristics
B) Prototypes
For Reno was curious about the physiological changes that correlate with eating behavior. A review of the relevant literature would likely reveal that: A) eating is triggered by a drastic drop in blood glucose levels and a drastic increase in blood levels of insulin B) about 30 minutes before eating there is a slight decrease in blood glucose levels and a slight increase in blood levels of insulin C) eating is triggered by a drastic increase in blood glucose levels and a drastic decrease in blood levels of insulin D) about 30 minutes before eating there is a slight increase in blood glucose levels and a slight decrease in blood levels of insulin
B) about 30 minutes before eating there is a slight decrease in blood glucose levels and a slight increase in blood levels of insulin
As part of his overall vocational assessment, Stephen took a test that measured his level of knowledge, skills, and accomplishments and particular areas such as mathematics and writing ability. Steven took a(n) ___ test. A) aptitude B) achievement C) intelligence D) motivational
B) achievement
When Vasilis is faced with the decision of which of two equally attractive apartments to rent, he makes a list of what is most important and gives each factor a numerical rating. It appears that he is using in the ___ model of decision making. A) elimination by aspects B) additive C) single-feature D) heuristic
B) additive
When Mitra entered the famous cathedral for the first time she had a brief but intense feeling that she and walk through the doorway before but could not recall when or where. According to In Focus (déjà vu experiences), which of the following is true? A) déjà vu is the result of precognition, clairvoyance, telepathy, or a past life experience B) déjà vu can be explained by basic memory concepts such as disruptions in source memory, encoding failure, or inattentional blindness C) The remembered feeling of familiarity is caused by an overabundance of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain D) frequent episodes of déjà vu are associated with early-onset dementia and, in particular, Alzheimer's disease (AD)
B) déjà vu can be explained by basic memory concepts such as disruptions in source memory, encoding failure, or inattentional blindness
Karen can remember very clearly when and where she met Jim and how she felt when he first spoke to her. This information, which is stored in Karen's long-term memory, is called: A) procedural memory B) episodic memory C) semantic memory D) retroactive memory
B) episodic memory
Jerry puts up her umbrella soon after it starts to rain in order to prevent her clothes from getting any what are. This example illustrates ___ behavior and ___ reinforcement. A) avoidance; positive B) escape; negative C) avoidance; negative D) escape; positive
B) escape; negative
Lauren spent the first week of the semester exploring the campus. Later, she had no trouble locating the library, although she had never been there before. According to Tolman, Lauren: A) has developed biological preparedness B) has formed a cognitive map C) is suffering from instinctive drift D) has developed a sense of direction
B) has formed a cognitive map
10 buys a lottery ticket every Friday with the expectation that he is going to win some money. His behavior illustrates: A) competence motivation B) incentive motivation C) drive theory D) self-actualization
B) incentive motivation
Serena repeated the 10 digit telephone number over and over in her mind as she walked from the living room to the kitchen to make her call. Page created an acronym for the names of the different brain waves associated with various states of wakefulness and sleep, BATD - beta, alpha, theater, Delta. Serena is using ___ rehearsal, and page is using ___ rehearsal. A) distributed; massed B) maintenance; elaborative C) massed; distributed D) elaborative; maintenance
B) maintenance; elaborative
Amber sits in a relaxed position, closes her eyes, and begins to recite her mantra. Amber is practicing: A) hypnosis B) meditation C) stimulus control therapy D) disassociation E) laziness
B) meditation
Mrs. Grant is 49 years old and has recently ceased to menstruate. Mrs. Grant has experienced: A) moratorium B) menopause C) menarche D) centration
B) menopause
When Willards relationship with Rebecca and it, he felt pretty confused and experienced a combination of relief, sadness, nostalgia, anger, and jealousy. Willards experience illustrates: A) Basic emotions B) mixed emotions C) mood fluctuations D) interpersonal engagement
B) mixed emotions
As part of his overall vocational assessment, Bertram took the Thematic Appreciation Test (TAT). His score on this test is most likely to reveal his level of: A) Competence motivation B) need for achievement (nAch) C) self actualization D) emotional intelligence
B) need for achievement (nAch)
Little Richard receives attention from his teacher in the form of a scolding every time he misbehaves. As a result, Richard missed behaves quite frequently. In this instance, it would appear that the teacher scolding is a: A) form of punishment by application B) positively reinforcing stimulus C) form of punishment by removal D) negatively reinforcing stimulus
B) positively reinforcing stimulus
At dinner one night, Amanda started using her spoon as a drumstick. Her mother told her that she would get no dessert if she persisted with her bad behavior. Amanda soon stop the banging. This example most clearly illustrates: A) negative reinforcement B) punishment by removal C) positive reinforcement D) punishment by application
B) punishment by removal
Five-year-old Betty can recite the alphabet perfectly every time she is asked to do so. But he's ability to do this involves the fundamental memory process of: A) repressing B) retrieval C) retrograde amnesia D) encoding
B) retrieval
When Neil's mother hides his favorite toy under a blanket, Neil acts as though it is no longer exists and makes no attempt to retrieve it. Neil is in Piaget's ___ stage, and his behavior suggests that he ___. A) sensorimotor; has developed object permanence B) sensorimotor; has not yet developed object permanence C) concrete operational; is capable of reversible thinking D) formal operational; understand the principle of conversation
B) sensorimotor; has not yet developed object permanence
At her high school reunion, Chychi met a girl who used to sit next to her in ninth grade, but she could not recall the girls name. In an attempt to jog her memory, she began reciting the alphabet. When she came to the letter M she immediately remembered her school friends name was Maureen. In this example, the letter of the alphabet: A) eliminated source confusion B) served as a retrieval cue C) provoked a flashbulb memory D) reversed encoding failure
B) served as a retrieval cue
When Mrs. Euland touched her newborn's lips, he produced an automatic response called the ___ reflex. A) rooting B) sucking C) grasping D) greedy
B) sucking
When Alanna got her new DVD recorder she spent a lot of time trying different approaches to programming the machine rather than consulting the manual. Elaina is using the ___ approach to problem-solving. A) algorithm B) trial-and-error C) heuristic D) insight
B) trial-and-error
Thelma turned her cell phone off at various times, such as when she is in class, studying in the library, watching her favorite TV show, or in a restaurant. Her parents don't know the best time to call her, so they try at random times. It appears that phoning Thelma is reinforced on a ___ schedule. A) fixed-interval (FI) B) variable-interval (VI) C) fixed-ratio (FR) D) variable-ratio (VR)
B) variable-interval (VI)
One conclusion that can be drawn from Ebbinghaus's work on forgetting is that: A) we can remember only about seven non-sense syllables at one time B) when we memorize new information, most forgetting occurs relatively soon after we learned C) the duration of visual sensory memory is less than half a second D) the capacity of a long-term memory is large but temporary
B) when we memorize new information, most forgetting occurs relatively soon after we learn it
To test the claim that listening to classical music improves cognitive functioning, researchers divided participants into three groups. Group a listen to classical music, group B listen to instrumental jazz, and groups he spent the same amount of time in silence. All participants were getting a standard cognitive reasoning test before and after being exposed to the treatment of interest. In this experiment, the independent variable was _____ and the dependent variable was _____ . A)Group C; groups A and B B)The music and silent conditions; scores on the pretest and post test C)groups A and B; group C D)scores on the pretest and post test; the music and silent conditions
B)The music and silent conditions; scores on the pretest and posttest
Irvine developed a fear of Addicks as he was accidentally locked in his own attic by his wife. Herbs present fear of the attic is a(n) A)example of instinctive drift B) conditioned emotional response C) form of observational learning D) operationally conditioned response
B)conditioned emotional response
A researcher is interested in the house sleep deprivation affects performance and cognitive abilities. She proposes that there is a relationship between the amount of sleep deprivation and the ability to solve complex mental tasks; the more sleep deprived people are, the more mistakes they are likely to make. She has A)developed a theory B)formulated a hypothesis C)produced empirical evidence D)merely stated the obvious
B)formulated a hypothesis
After establishing a classically conditioned response (CR) to a toner, the experimenter presents a new conditioned stimulus, a red light, followed repeatedly by the original condition stimulus, the tone. As a result the conditioned response (CR) is elicited by the red light alone, even though it had never been paired with the original UCS. The experimenter had demonstrated: A)spontaneous recovery B) higher order conditioning (second-order conditioning) C) a placebo response (placebo effect) D) punishment by application
B)higher order conditioning (second-order conditioning)
According to science versus pseudoscience (what is pseudoscience?), which of the following is true of pseudoscience? A) it is a legitimate science that uses both established an unorthodox methods in the search for the truth B) it is a fake or false science that makes claims based on little or no scientific evidence C) it is not excepted by most of the scientific establishment because pseudoscientists have discovered truths that threaten all the fundamental laws and principles of science D) it does not use sophisticated jargon, impressive looking statistical graphs, or elaborate theories, and virtually no pseudoscientists has impressive sounding credentials
B)it is a fake or false science that makes claims based on little or no scientific evidence
And educational psychologist is interested in whether having students evaluate instructors performance is actually a good measure of teaching ability. In review of the literature showed some inconsistent findings across hundreds of different studies. To get a sense of the overall trends in this body of research, the investigator would be advised to use a technique called: A)The correlation coefficient B)meta-analysis C)The case study D)replication
B)meta-analysis
Just as you're about to fall asleep, you have the sudden feeling of your body gets an involuntary spasm. You have experienced: A)A sleep spindle B)myoclonic jerk C)sexsomnia D)cataplexy
B)myoclonic jerk
Dr. Hammersley focuses on the rule of con conscious factors and has patients behaviors spends time analyzing their dreams and developing into their early childhood experiences Dr. Finkelman is more concerned with the way her patients think and reason, and her cycle therapy involves teaching her patients how to recognize irrational thinking and to find different ways of thinking about their situation. Dr. Hammersley's perspective is _____, and dr. Finkelman's perspective is _____. A) cognitive; behavioral B)psychodynamic; cognitive C) humanistic; biological D)cognitive; psychodynamic
B)psychodynamic; cognitive
Curtis has been diagnosed with a sleep disorder after his wife complained about his sporadic abnormal sexual behaviors during the night. These episodes include behaviors such as masturbation, sleep sex talking, Groban were fondling his wife's genitals, and sometimes very rough sexual intercourse. Curtis has no memory of these incidents. He has a parasomnia called: A)cataplexy B)sexsomnia (sleepsex) C)transient insomnia D)somnambulism
B)sexsomnia (sleepsex)
According to clinical thinking (is hypnosis a special state of consciousness) ___ . Suggests that hypnotic subjects are responding to social demands by acting the way they think good hypnotic subjects should act and by conforming to expectations and situational question. A)Neodisassociation B)social-cognitive C)imaginative suggestibility D)activation-synthesis
B)social-cognitive
About five hours after she had successfully extinguished a dogs classically conditioned response of salivating to the sound of a bell, Dr. Sheckenov discovered that the dog once again salivated in the presence of the bill. This example illustrates the phenomenon of: A)stimulus generalization B) spontaneous recovery C) latent learning D) instinctive drift
B)spontaneous recovery
According to enhancing well-being with psychology (stimulus control therapy for insomnia), which of the following is one of the recommendations for improving the quality of sleep and minimizing sleep problems? A)continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) B)stimulus control therapy C)transcendental meditation D)take sleeping pills, herbal tea, or supplements that contain ginseng, ephedrine, or similar compounds
B)stimulus control therapy
Whenever his TV picture became fussy, Lloyd would bang the top of the TV set, which usually cleared the picture. Recently, when he was doing a film on his new DVD player, trucking problems created a fuzzy picture; Lloyd banged the top of the TV over and over but to no avail. Lloyd appears to be experiencing a problem-solving obstacle called: A) functional fixedness B) subgoal analysis C) a mental set D) confirmation bias E) Prototypical male stupidity
C) A mental set
In the course of doing some research for a term paper, Annette read about the psychologist who is best known for developing the first intelligence test. She also discovered that the psychologist believed his test could help identify children who need special help. Annette was reading about: A) Charles Spearman B) Louis Terman C) Alfred Binet D) Louis L. Thurstone
C) Alfred Binet
Dr. Chong's research is concerned with three components of memory: phonological loop, the visualspatial sketchpad, and the central executive. He is most likely investigating aspects of: A) memory consolidation and long-term potentiation B) the encoding specificity principal C) Baddeley's model of working memory D) motivated forgetting such as suppression and repression
C) Baddeley's model of working memory
About 10 or 15 minutes into his weightlifting routine Scott usually begins to perspire heavily. His body's tendency to maintain a steady temperature through the cooling action of sweating is a function of: A) instinct B) incentive motivation C) Energy homeostasis D) self-actualization
C) Energy homeostasis
Dirk can remember in vivid detail where he was and what he was doing when he heard about the terrorist attacks in New York City and Washington DC Dirks flashbulb memory is stored in his: A) iconic memory B) short-term memory C) long-term memory D) Echoic memory
C) Long term memory
According to culture and human behavior (where does the baby sleep?), Infants typically sleep in their own bed and in a separate room from their parents in: A) all cultures B) all Western cultures C) the United States D) all Latin cultures
C) The United States
Critical thinking (the persistence of unwarranted believes) discusses how unwarranted believes and pseudoscience is or other areas can persist, and how contradictory evidence can actually strengthen a persons established beliefs. A number of obstacles to logical thinking about unwarranted believes are discussed. Which of the following is NOT one of those obstacles? A) believe-bias affect B) the confirmation bias C) the underestimation effect D) the fallacy of positive instances
C) The underestimation effect
When three-year-old Claudia is asked which letter of the alphabet comes before G, she recites the alphabet from the beginning until she arrives at the solution. Claudia is using ___ to solve the problem. A) trial and error B) insight C) an algorithm D) a heuristic
C) an algorithm
And applying for a job at O'Hare airport, Linda is given a test to see if she is suited to be an air traffic controller. This is an example of ___ testing. A) intelligence B) achievement C) aptitude D) motivational
C) aptitude
Donald believe in law and order, obeys all rules and regulations, and has respect for authority is just because they are authorities. Donald is likely Kohlberg's ___ level of moral reasoning. A) Preconventional B) postconventional C) conventional D) care and responsibility
C) conventional
Dominique is participating in a class debate on the issue of whether war is ever justified. She argues that war is never justified because it involves killing people, which is against the law, and obeying the law is something everyone must do. Dominique is in the ___ stage of ___. A) Postconventional; Kohlberg's model of moral development B) conventional; Kohlberg's model of moral development C) moratorium; Erickson's model of psychosocial development D) concrete operational; PIaget's model of cognitive development
C) conventional; Kohlberg's model of moral development
Dr. Ushiro scanned the brains of his subjects using positron emission tomography (PET) while they recalled emotionally charged memories that made them feel sad, happy, angry, disgusted, and so on. If his research is consistent with neuroscience data reported in the text, he is likely to find that: A) there is a single "emotional center" in the brain that controls all emotions B) negative emotions such as fear and anger have distinct circuits in the brain, but positive emotions such as happiness and joy are governed by a single emotion center C) each emotion involves distinct neural circuits in the brain D) negative emotions such as fear and anger are governed by a single emotion center, but positive emotions such as happiness and joy have distinct circuits in the brain
C) each emotion involves distinct neural circuits in the brain
Michaels achievement motivation reflects his north American individualistic culture. Compared with people in collective cultures, Michael is more likely to: A) express pride for personal achievements that benefit others B) preserve and aspire to do well in order to fulfill the expectations of family members and to fit into larger groups C) emphasize personal success rather than the success of the group D) display a very low level of competence motivation
C) emphasize personal success rather than the success of the group
Helmet is employed by his university as a telephone solicitor for a fundraising drive. He is paid a set amount of money for every 10 calls he makes whether or not he gets any donations. Helmets telephoning is reinforced on a ___ schedule of reinforcement. A) fixed-Interval (FI) B) variable-interval (VI) C) fixed-ratio (FR) D) variable-ratio (VR)
C) fixed-ratio (FR)
Like Aaron, Michelle is asked to define weapon. She replies that a weapon is one of the variety of instruments, or objects, that can be used to defend, attack, hurt, Maine, or kill. Furthermore, the term weapon can even referred to the words and a phrase, as in "The pen is mightier than the sword." Michelle is using the word weapon as a: A) natural concept B) Prototype C) formal concept D) heuristic
C) formal concept
Like many developmental psychologists Dr. Ladner is likely to conceptualize the lifespan as: A) continuous, involving smooth transitions throughout development with no abrupt changes B) having a four distinct psychosocial stages of development C) having 8 age-related stages of development D) having a 6 age-related stages of cognitive development
C) having 8 age-related stages of development
Phelan has just had a very painful operation. His doctors are most likely to prescribe ___ for pain relief. A)A tranquilizer B) marijuana C) morphine D) alcohol
C) morphine
Dr. Strayer is conducting longitudinal research on factors that correlate with getting older. She is likely to find that: A) intelligence declined sharply with age B) there is severe memory impairment as people reach late adulthood C) most people maintain their intellectual abilities as they age D) no matter how much older people practice their mental skills, they still do very poorly on intellectual tasks
C) most people maintain their intellectual abilities as they age
Sasha studied very hard last semester and earn good grades and all of her courses. This semester, Sasha is once again studying hard. It appears that good grades are ___ for Sasha's studying behavior. A) conditioned stimuli B) discriminative stimuli C) positively reinforcing D) negatively reinforce
C) positively reinforcing
When he was 13, Kyle experienced several physical changes: his testicles started to enlarge, his height and weight increased, and his boys deep end. Kyle experienced: A) Menarche B) A germinal period C) puberty D) irreversibility
C) puberty
A group of four-year-old children watch a video showing an adult hitting, kicking, and punching a large Bobo doll. These children or later asked to intimidate the model and or promised every ward for every behavior they can imitate. It is very probable that the children will: A)not intimidate the adult model B) verbally describe what they saw board for use to intimidate the model C) quite readily intimidate the adults aggressive behavior D) become very upset as a result of watching the aggressive behavior
C) quite readily imitate the adult aggressive behavior
Shortly after he finished reading and exciting novel, Sean fell down the stairs and suffered a concussion; now, he has no recall of even having read the novel. Sean's memory problem is probably the result of ___, and he is most likely to be classified as suffering from___. A) retrieval cue failure; anterograde amnesia B) source confusion; dementia C) disruption of memory consolidation; retrograde amnesia D) source amnesia; dementia
C) ruction of memory consolidation; retrograde amnesia
It has become apparent to Mr. and Mrs. Euland that their baby has a low activity level, tends to withdraw from new situations and people, and adapt to new experiences very gradually. The baby would be classified as a(n) ___ baby. A) easy B) difficult C) slow-to-warm-up D) securely attached
C) slow-to-warm-up
Michael, who's aggressive, arrogant behavior and indifferent attitude have resulted in the break-up of many relationships, this contemplating getting married for the third time. Michael is confident that this time it will work and that is previous relationship problems were never his fault. Michael is either actively ___ or unconsciously ___ memory of his own behavior. A) consolidating; schematizing B) schematizing; consolidating C) suppressing; repressing D) repressing; suppressing
C) suppressing; repressing
Heartland got up in the middle of the night to go to the bathroom. In the dark, he accidentally tripped over his sleeping dog. Both the dog and Harland work instantaneously startled and frightened; the dog barked and Harland screen. In this instance, it is very probable that the neural pathway involved in their immediate emotional reaction was: A) thalamus-cortex-amygdala pathway B) hypothalamus-pituitary-cortex pathway C) thalamus-amygdala pathway D) amygdala-cortex-thalamus pathway
C) thalamus-amygdala pathway
Nicole feels that she has all the material possessions she needs and life and is now determined to devote all her energy to her art. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Nicole is probably striving: A) to fulfill her fundamental biological need to paint B) to fulfill her basic safety needs C) toward the realization of her personal potential D) toward the realization of her social needs
C) toward the realization of her personal potential
In an experiment designed to test the effects of alcohol on motor coordination, group one participants are given a precise amount of alcohol in a mixed drink and group to participants are getting a drink that smells and tastes exactly like the alcoholic drink that contains no alcohol. Which of the following is true? A)Group one is the placebo control group B)Group 2 is the experimental group C)Group 2 is the placebo control group D)Group one will have much more fun than group 2
C)Group 2 is the placebo control group
Nightmares are too ____ as sleep terrors are too ____ . A)sleep spindles; beta waves B)alpha waves; beta waves C)REM sleep; slow-wave NREM sleep D)slow-wave NREM sleep; REM sleep
C)REM sleep; slow-wave NREM sleep
Harry has been asleep for about an hour or so, and his heart begins to be faster, his breathing becomes a regular, is voluntary muscle activity to suppressed, and is closed eyes move rapidly back-and-forth. It is most probable that Harry is in ___ and is therefore experiencing ___. A)REM sleep; a myoclonic jerk B)NREM; sleep spindles C)REM; paradoxical sleep D)NREM; quiet sleep
C)REM; paradoxical sleep
In a double-blind experiment testing the effects of memory enhancing subliminal tapes, both the experimental and control groups were giving a number of cognitive test at the beginning pretest and and post test of the three month long study. On the post to test both group showed in provement, but there was no difference in the level of improvement between the two groups. Researchers can conclude that.... A)The improvement in both groups was probably cause of demand characteristics B)The double-blind technique failed to eliminate extraneous variables C)The improvement in both groups was probably because of a practice effect D)memory enhancing subliminal tapes work
C)The improvement in both groups was probably because of a practice effect
Justine believe that dreaming is simply our subjective awareness of the brains internally generated signals during sleep, we're start with automatic activation of brainstem circuits that then arouse more sophisticated brain areas. Justine's views are most consistent with which theory of dreams? A)social cognitive theory of dreams B)Neurocognitive model of dreaming C)activation-synthesis model of dreaming D)freud's wish for filament theory of dreaming
C)activation-synthesis model of dreaming
Dr. Ames research is change in peoples intellectual abilities as they grow older. Dr. Ames specialty area is _____ psychology. A)social B)educational C)developmental D)clinical
C)developmental
In operant conditioning experiment, a rat first learns to press a lever to get the food pellet. Then the researcher withholds all reinforcement, and the rat eventually stops pressing the lever. This example illustrates: A)The effect of negative reinforcement on behavior B) punishment by application C) extinction in operant conditioning D) instinctive drift in operant conditioning
C)extinction in operant conditioning
While researching a paper for her history of psychology course, Sangeeta noticed that behaviorism and psychoanalysis dominated psychology for many decades early in the 20th century. However, in the 1950s a new school of thought emerged that emphasized conscious experience and each person is unique potential for psychological growth, self-determination, and free will. The school of psychology is called: A)structuralism B)functionalism C)humanistic psychology D)cross-cultural psychology
C)humanistic psychology
Bernita witnessed a robbery, but her recall of the event was vague. Police investigators used hypnosis in an attempt to enhance her memory. Nautic affect that the investigators hope for is called ___, which research shows is ___ to be successful. A)hypermnesia; very likely B)posthypnotic suggestion; not very likely C)hypermnesia; not very likely D)posthypnotic suggestion; very likely
C)hypermnesia; not very likely
Dr. Ramos is a behavioral psychologist. He conducts basic research using animals and carefully controlled laboratory studies. The goal of this research is most probably to: A) train animals to do tricks B) collect and sell saliva from dogs and other animals C) identify the general principles of learning that applies across a wide range of species including humans D) observe changes in animal behavior that result from biological maturation
C)identify the general principles of learning that applies across a wide range of species, including humans
Nancy's husband took her to the doctor because she frequently sleepwalks to the kitchen and compulsively eats food from the cupboard and fridge but has no memory of doing so in the morning. The doctor is likely to diagnose her with a ___ called ___. A)parasomnia; Night terror B)dyssomnia; somnambulism C)parasomnia; sleep-related eating disorder (SRED) D)dyssomnia; sleep related eating disorder (SRED)
C)parasomnia; sleep-related eating disorder (SRED)
After Zufina has been asleep for a period of time in the sleep lab, the EEG monitor indicates the presence of theta waves, sleep spindles, and K complexes. Zufina is in ___. A)stage 3 NREM B)REM C)stage 2 NREM D)stage 4 NREM
C)stage 2 NREM
Scott is a very bright 10-year-old with a mental age 13. If tested on the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale, his IQ score would most likely be: A) 100 B) 70 C) 150 D) 130
D) 130
Dr. Zascow conduct research on the facial feedback hypothesis. Her results are consistent with previous research showing that expressing a specific emotion, especially facially, causes people to subjectively experience that emotion. Collectively, this evidence provides support for the ___ theory of the motion. A) arousal B) cognitive appraisal C) two-factor D) James-Lange
D) James-Lange
While writing a term paper for her motivation course, Tara notes that the majority of people do not experience or achieve self-actualization, despite the claim that is a goal common to all people. She decides that this is an important limitation of: A) Instinct series B) drive series C) incentive theories D) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
D) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Two disciplines influenced the founding of psychology discipline that concerned itself question such as mind-body delusional and nature versus nurture issues is_____. The discipline that is a branch of biology studies functions and structures of living organisms is______. A) psychology; philosophy B) neuroscience; physiology C) Philosophy; neuroscience D) Philosophy; psychology
D) Philosophy; psychology
And Dr. Wilson's survey of intelligence test scores around the world, 14 nations were found to have shown significant gains an average IQ scores in just one generation. Based on these results and evidence from similar studies, Dr. Wilson is most likely to conclude that: A) average scores increased significantly because IQ tests were revised and made "culture-free" or "culture-fair" B) IQ scores cannot be improved by environmental factors because intelligence is genetically determined C) The changes and I Q test scores can be accounted for by mutations in the gene that influence intellectual potential, and this can happen in one generation D) The changes and IQ test scores can be accounted for only by environmental factors because the amount of time involved was too short for genetic influences
D) The changes and IQ test scores can be accounted for only by environmental factors because the amount of time involved was too short for genetic influences
Jeffrey, who was an eyewitness to a robbery, initially thought the robber was a female. During questioning, police detective suggested to him many times that the robber was probably a man with long hair. Later, when he was giving testimony on the witness stand, Jeffrey was quite sure that it was a man who robbed the store. This example illustrates: A) The serial position effect B) mood congruence C) a flashbulb memory D) the misinformation effect
D) The misinformation effect
Charlie finds it easier to remember a list of words that includes automobile, cigarettes, encyclopedia, lampshade, geranium, and seashell them a list of the same length that includes philosophy, processes, justice, extraction, fundamental, and inherent. This is because with the first list it is easier to use: A) Echoic processing B) maintenance rehearsal C) procedural memory D) Visual imagery
D) Visual imagery
In her research, Dr. Joacim found that pregnant mothers use of certain chemical substances cause harm to the fetus. The chemical substance could be classified as: A) deoxyribonucleic acid B) a chromosome C) a phenotype D) a teratogen
D) a teratogen
According to critical thinking (the memory wars), which of the following regarding childhood sexual abuse is true? A) physical and sexual abuse in childhood is a serious social problem and contribute to psychological problems and adulthood B) some psychologists contend it is possible that memories of abuse can become repressed and childhood and service later in life C) repressed memories were covered and therapy need to be regarded with caution; a person's confidence in those memories is no guarantee that they are accurate D) all of these statements are true
D) all of these statements are true
Tracy Lynn usually starts the semester with the intention of studying hard, achieving high grades, eating a properly balanced diet, I'm getting lots of exercise. Unfortunately, the good intentions are really translated into actual behavior. According to enhancing well-being with psychology (turning your goals into reality), which of the following strategies might help her: A) transform general intentions and two specific, concrete, measurable goals B) create implementation intentions, such as specifying exactly where, when, and how the behaviors will be carried out C) strengthen self-efficiency through mastery experiences and by observing and imitating the behavior of those already competent at these tasks D) all of these strategies would be useful
D) all of these strategies would be useful
According to enhancing well-being with psychology, a parenting style in which parents a clear standards for their children's behavior but are also responsive to their children's needs and wishes is called: A) authoritarian B) permissive-indulgent C) permissive-and different D) authoritative
D) authoritative
Whenever he sees Amanda, Richards heart beats faster and gets a trembling feeling inside. Richard's personal interpretation of his physiological reaction to the site of Amanda let him to experience the emotion of romantic love. Which theory of emotion is represented in this example? A) self-determination Siri (SDT) B) drive theory C) facial feedback theory D) cognitive appraisal theory
D) cognitive appraisal theory
Dr. Naidu's research is concerned with the study of animal learning, memory, thinking, and language. Dr. Naidu is most likely interested in: A) understanding the stereotype threat B) investigating the triarchic of intelligence C) heritability and heritability estimates D) comparative cognition
D) comparative cognition
The Japanese psychologist investigating the relationship between work or satisfaction and productivity was surprised to find out north American workers were less productive one working as part of a group that one working alone. And some Asian countries, he found the opposite to be true. This researcher probably has a _____ perspective, and his specialty area is _____ psychology. A) cross-cultural; developmental B) behavioral; health C) behavioral; developmental D) cross-cultural; industrial/organizational
D) cross-cultural; industrial/organizational
Dr. Dement believes that forgetting is due to memory traces being eroded by normal metabolic processes in the brain. Dr. Dement supports the: A) interference theory B) motivated forgetting theory C) semantic network theory D) Decay theory
D) decay theory
According to Ericksons psychosocial theory of development, late adulthood is to ___ as adolescence is to ___. A) ego integrity; generativity B) Generativity; intimacy C) intimacy; ego integrity D) ego integrity; integrated identity
D) ego integrity; integrated identity
If he's feeling sad or unhappy, Milton "puts on a happy face." When he does this, his mood often improves. This result is best predicted by the: A) cognitive appraisal theory B) two-factor theory C) self-determination theory D) facial feedback hypothesis
D) facial feedback hypothesis
Young Misty has dark curly hair and freckles; her friend page has straight blonde hair and no freckles. And both children, the underlying genetic makeup and genetic instructions for these traits are their ___, and the observable traits that they actually display are their ___. A) dominant characteristics; recessive characteristics B) phenotypes; genotypes C) recessive characteristics; dominant characteristics D) genotypes; phenotypes
D) genotypes; phenotypes
According to Anna focus (detecting lies), the polygraph is a machine that: A) to text deception with high reliability and few errors B) measures nonverbal cues such as micro expressions, nervous body movements, and fleeting facial expressions C) can discriminate between truth-tellers and liars and, as a result, polygraph tests are very unlikely to identify innocent people as guilty D) measures physiological changes associated with emotions such as fear, tension, and anxiety
D) measures physiological changes associated with emotions such as fear, tension, and anxiety
Dr. label investigate how people differ on such characteristics of shyness, assertiveness, and self-esteem. It is most likely that she is a _____ psychologist. A) clinical B) biological C) developmental D) personality
D) personality
Natosha has memorized the new personal identity code she was given by security; now, she can't remember her old personal identity code. Natosha is experiencing the effects of: A) mood congruence B) source confusion C) proactive interference D) retroactive interference
D) retroactive interference
As discussed in the prologue, Tom has been diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome. According to critical thinking (neuro diverse city: beyond I Q), Tom is likely to: A) have a low score on the ravens progressive matrices test (50 or below) and a high score on the WAIS (100 or above) B) have an IQ score of 70 or below accompanied by intellectual functioning that is significantly below average, but still have a high level of social competence C) show abnormal and retarded language development, to have narrow interests and inflexible behavior, and by definition, have an IQ of 70 or below D) show normal, even advanced language development, to have a narrow interests and inflexible behavior, and by definition, have an IQ in the normal-to-above-average level
D) show normal, even advanced language development, to have a narrow interests and inflexible behavior, and by definition, have an IQ in the normal-to-above-average level
After his hippocampus was destroyed by a tumor, Mr. Locke is likely to experience problems ___ and is likely to be classified as suffering from ___ A) forming procedural memories; retrograde amnesia B) recognizing common objects; Alzheimer's disease C) correctly repeating items over and over; Alzheimer's disease D) transferring short-term memories into long-term memory; anterograde amnesia
D) transferring short-term memories into long-term memory; anterograde amnesia
After ingesting a small dose of psychoactive drug, grand experiences vivid visual hallucinations and other perceptual distortions; he feels as though he is floating above his body. Graham is most likely experiencing the effects of: A)cocaine B)barbiturates C)tranquilizers D)LSD E)cappuccino
D)LSD
Mr. Godfrey has cancer and was given marijuana to counter the nausea and vomiting following chemotherapy. The active ingredient that makes this useful drug in such cases is: A)psilocybin B)cannabis C)LSD D)THC
D)THC
And I study investigating emotional arousal a memory, Dr. Elvis discovers a statistically significant difference and recall ability between high arousal group and the low arousal group. This finding indicates that: A)The participants were not randomly assigned to the two groups B)The difference between the two groups is likely to have occurred by chance C)extraneous variables were responsible for the differences and recall ability between the two groups D)The difference between the two groups is not likely to have occurred by chance
D)The difference between the two groups is not likely to have occurred by chance
After flying from San Diego to New York, Jasmine experiences a restless, sleepless night; the next day, she is irritable and cannot concentrate on homework. Jasmine's problems are likely due to: A)disruption and her circadian rhythm B)high blood levels of melatonin C)jet lag D)all of these factors
D)all of these factors
In an attempt to understand how dramatic brain injury affect behavior, Dr. Nikolai extensively and carefully observe him questions three accident victims who had suffered brain injuries. Which research method is Dr. Nikolai utilizing? A)naturalistic observation B)experimental method C)correlational research D)case study
D)case study
Dr. Frolov classically conditioned a dog to flex its hind leg at the sound of a bell by pairing the ringing of a bill with a mild electric shock to the leg. In this example, the ringing bell is the colon A)unconditioned stimulus (UCS) B) conditioned response (CR) C) unconditioned response (UCR) D) conditioned stimulus (CS)
D)conditioned stimulus (CS)
Mr. Jensen repeatedly complained about the quality and duration of his sleep. He claims that he can't fall asleep and stay asleep and usually wakes up for it's time to get up. Mr. Jensen apparently suffers from: A)obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) B)narcolepsy C)cataplexy D)insomnia
D)insomnia
Some forms of chemotherapy make patients sick. A patient who has eaten a pizza just before the therapy (and is been sick) later feel ill when she sees or smells pizza. In this example of taste aversion learning, the conditioned response is the: A) Pizza B) chemotherapy C) illness induced by the therapy D) nausea filled at the sight or smell of pizza
D)nausea felt at the sight or smell of pizza
John drinks five or 6 cups of coffee every day. If he doesn't, he feels irritable, drowsy, and fatigued. John is ___ a(n) ___ drug. A) addicted to; psychedelic B) physically dependent on; opiate C) addicted to; depressant D) physically dependent on; stimulant
D)physically dependent on; stimulant
To ensure that differences among participants are evenly distributed across all conditions and the experiment and that there is no bias and how the participants are assigned to their respective groups, a researcher studying the behavioral effects of playing violent videogames should A)operationally defined each participants roll and assign participants on the basis of how closely they fit the definition B)make sure that the most aggressive people are assigned to the experimental condition C)make sure that the most aggressive people are assigned to the control group D)randomly assigned the participants to each condition in the experiment
D)randomly assign the participants to each condition in the experiment
And an experiment, participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions. The purpose of random assignment is to: A)increase the probability that the same number of participants end up in each condition B)increase the likelihood that the participants are representative of people in general C)decrease the probability of expectancy effects D)reduce the possibility of bias and ensure that differences among participants are spread out across all experimental conditions
D)reduce the possibility of bias and ensure the differences among participants are spread out across all experimental conditions
To find out what goes on in peoples brains during a typical nights sleep, researchers are most likely to: A)ask people to try to remember as much as possible when they wake in the morning B)closely watch the actions of subjects sleeping in the sleep research lab C)wake people up every 15 minutes and ask them what is going on in their minds D)use and electroencephalograph to measure their brainwave activity throughout the night
D)use and electroencephalograph to measure their brainwave activity throughout the night