MGMT 1600 pt 2
product/service design
the second operations management concern is to design the products or services. poorly designed products or services may result in low productivity and quality, and limit the flexibility of the production processes
strategic goals (organization-wide)
the strategic goals of most organizations have to do with such things as markets share, profitability, and growth
factors affecting cohesiveness
the stronger the commitment to team goals, the higher the cohesiveness. the smaller the team, the higher the cohesiveness the more similar the team members, the higher the cohesiveness. diverse groups usually make better decisions the more successful the team the higher the cohesiveness
Which of the following is an example of a rule used within normative decision theory to increase decision quality?
the subordinate conflict rule Correct the goal congruence rule*** the worker readiness rule the commitment requirement rule the commitment probability rule
tactical objectives (operations management)
the tactical objectives of operations management that support the organization's strategies are to maximize productivity and quality
According to milton Friedman, which of the following is a position opposing the stakeholder model of corporate social responsibility.
the time, money, and attention diverted to social causes undermine market efficiency.
Feedforward control assesses
the transformation of resources into output Correct resources flowing into the organization*** the outputs (quality and quantity) none of these are correct
Organizational Structure
the vertical and horizontal configuration of departments, authority, and jobs with a company
chain of command
the vertical lines of authority that clarifies who reports to whom
Frank & Lillian Gilbreth are important to management b/c
they used motion studies to eliminate unnecessary motions form the work process
...when other companies have trie unsuccessfully to duplicate the advantage and ______
those companies have for the moment stopped trying to duplicate the advantage
Kodak makes digital cameras and paper for prints. Kodak would view the growing popularity of digital cameras as a _______ in its external environment if it considered how digital cameras affect sales of cameras that use film. On the other hand, Kodak would view the growing popularity of digital cameras as an ______ in its external environment if it considered the amount of Kodak processing paper used in printing pictures made by digital cameras
threat; opportunity
Kodak makes digital cameras and paper for prints. Kodak would view the growing popularity of digital cameras as a(n) ____ in its external environment if it considered how digital cameras affect sales of cameras that use film. On the other hand, Kodak would view the growing popularity of digital cameras as a(n) ____ in its external environment if it considered the amount of Kodak processing paper used in printing pictures made by digital cameras.
threat; opportunity
Jeffrey Bluestein was the CEO who brought Harley-Davidson back from the brink of bankruptcy. During the first years he was CEO of Harley-Davidson, Bluestein said, "I was quite a directive leader because we needed to make progress quickly." Bluestein would have ______________.
told employees precisely what he expected them to do
eastman kodak owns a company that manufactures dental radiation equipment. the company, which is run as an independent unit, has experience excessive financial losses the last three years. The _____ for the company would be expected to develop the long-term plans needed to make the company profitable
top manager
The kind of team known as a(n) ____ not only provides advice and suggestions to management but also has limited authority to make decisions and solve problems related to the major tasks required to produce a product or service.
traditional work group employer-monitored group Correct semi-autonomous work group*** self-managing team employee involvement team
the least amount of team autonomy is found in:
traditional work groups
Job analysis is a purposeful and systematic process of collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job.
true
Piecework, sales commission, profit sharing, employee stock ownership plans, and stock options are common pay- variability options.
true
Synergy occurs when ____.
two or more subsystems working together can produce more than they can working apart
Affective conflict ____.
typically decreases team cohesiveness
affective conflict ___
typically decreases team cohesiveness
compressed pay structures
typically have fewer pay levels and smaller differences in pay between levels Pay is less dispersed and more similar across jobs in the company
with surface-level diversity, differences are immediately observable, easy to measure, and:
typically unchangeable
environmental _____ is affected by environmental complexity, change, and resources
uncertainty
Clarissa is unable to do her job efficiently because her supervisor often interrupts her to ask irrelevant questions or to make unimportant comments. Clarissa is experiencing a problem with ____.
undefinable noise Correct the use of an incorrect communication medium*** accepting feedback encoding and decoding the incorrect use of paralanguage
the two basic kinds of inequity are
underreward and overreward
People with Machiavellian personalities believe that virtually any type of behavior is acceptable if it helps satisfy needs or accomplish goals. Add that skill to someone with the ability to create strong bonds with followers and you have described a leader who is a(n)
unethical charismatic leader
leaders known as ____ will control and manipulate followers, do what is best for themselves.....
unethical charismatics
the 3 steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin are
unfreezing change intervention refreezing
The three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin are ____.
unfreezing, change intervention, and refreezing
as a result of their structures, matrix organizations automatically violate the principle of
unity of command
one of the key assumptions underlying the chain of command is____,which means that workers should report to just one supervisor
unity of command
Starbucks, the operator of Starbucks coffeehouses, also markets a line of compilation CDs and other non-coffee items. The making and marketing of the CDs and other non-coffee products would be an example of ____.
unrelated diversification
when Clorox Corp., a manufacturer of bleach and bleach-based cleaning products, acquired Kingsford Charcoal and Prime Choice brand steak sauce; it was an example of
unrelated diversification
Hot Topic is a fast growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic. The owner and founder daily consults with her employees for suggestions on what the stores should carry. An employee suggested that the stores should carry a certain type of soda. The employee's suggestion was an example of ____ communications.
upward
the _____ determined that companies can be prosecuted and punished for the illegal or unethical actions of employees even if management didn't know about the unethical behavior
us sentencing commission guidlines
(Tu) When an employee is farther away in the hierarchy, a good way to preserve understanding in the messages being sent to that employee would be
use live video or videotapes use face-to-face communication de-emphasize status symbols Correct all of these would be good solutions***
Frank and lillian gilbrith are important to management because they
use motion studies to eliminate unnecessary or repetitive motions from the work processs
financial statements
used by internal managers of a company as well as external suppliers, creditors, and inventors to evaluate a company's performance, goeth rate, and consistency
evaluative
used to make administrative decisions including pay raises, transfers, promotions, demotions, and terminations
developmental
used to make decisions and plans for performance improvements
Background checks
used to verify accuracy of information that applicants provide about themselves
According to the expectancy theory, _____ affect the conscious choices that people make about their motivation.
valence, expectancy, and instrumentality
Rubylyn is a very enthusiastic person who has been hired to work as the personal assistant for an event planner. At first, Rubylyn was driving her supervisor to distraction because she was always interrupting him and asking him if he wanted anything. After some ____ with the event planner, Rubylyn better understood what her job entailed and became a valued employee.
valid feedback Correct constructive feedback*** proactive criticism conduit reconstruction motivational feedback
a(n) ___ is defined as a team composed of geographically and/or organizationally dispersed coworkers who use telecommunications and information technologies to accomplish an organizational task
virtual team
(Tu) If a company needs to have people with specific skills work together on a short-term project, which of the following types of teams would be most appropriate?
virtual team Correct cross-functional team*** self-managing team informal team
(Tu) ___________ emerge over time through the normal interaction of workers.
virtual teams formal teams cross-functional teams Correct groups***
When Samsonite purchased American Tourister, one of the first things the new management did was to eliminate the American Tourister Gorilla mascot (which had appeared in all American Tourister ads for years and which represented the quality construction of American Tourister luggage). The gorilla had been a symbol of quality and commitment for American Tourister employees. The executive order to remove the gorilla posters from the walls of offices and factories was one of the means Samsonite used to change the organizational culture at American Tourister. The gorilla posters were an example of
visible artifacts
organizations use behavioral addition, behavioral substitution, and ____ to change their organizational culture.
visible artifacts
Disney is not in the movie and theme park business. Its _________is to create fun and fantasy for its customers.
vision
a ____ should be brief, enduring, inspirational, clear, and consistent with widely shared company beliefs and values
vision statement
according to the text, which of the following levels produces the greatest minimization of waste?
waste prevention and reduction
In may 2005, U.S. attorney Michael J Sullivan announced that the United States had settled civil claims arising out of a suit that alleged oracle corporation had violated that false claims act.... the vice president acted as an
whisteblower
In May 2005, U.S. Attorney Michael J. Sullivan announced that the United States had settled civil claims arising out of a suit that alleged Oracle Corporation had violated the False Claims Act in connection with billing the federal government for software training services. The U.S. government learned about the overcharging from a former Oracle vice president. The vice president acted as a(n) ____.
whistleblower
Mark Graf, a security specialist at the Rocky Flats nuclear facility outside Denver, became alarmed about the temporary removal of 450 kilograms of plutonium oxide from a vault-like room to a "soft room" protected by drywall that you could punch a hole through. Graf eventually had to take his concerns to the media before the plutonium was stored again in a safe location. Graf's actions can be described as
whistleblower
Ernst & Young, an international accounting and management consulting company, entered Hungary first by establishing a joint venture with a local firm. Ernst & Young later acquired the company with which it had the alliance. As a result Ernst & Young then had a(n) ____ in Hungary.
wholly owned affiliate
sequential interdependence
work must be performed in succession, as one group's or job's outputs becomes the inputs for the next group or job
A local hospital ran into a funding problem when it tried to build a new state of the art pediatric unit. the hospital management asked a group of physicians, hospital volunteers, and administrative staff to develop and implement a plan to raise the necessary money. This group of people with complementary skills formed a
work team
multifunctional teams
work teams composed of people from different departments; accelerate learning and understanding by mixing and integrating technical, marketing, and manufacturing activities
unity of command
workers should report to just one boss. In practical terms, this means that only one person can be in charge at a time. Matrix organizations, in which employees have two bosses, automatically violate this principle. This is one of the primary reasons that matrix organizations are difficult to manage. The purpose of unity of command is to prevent the confusion that might arise when an employee receives conflicting commands from two different bosses.
Sharron Grant-Burton was a marketing director for Covenant Care, owner of skilled-nursing and assisted-living facilities. During a discussion of the fairness of the company's bonus structure with other marketing directors, Grant-Burton said she did not receive a bonus because her executive director "did not believe in them." Several days later, Grant-Burton was fired and told she had been terminated for a number of unspecified reasons, including her comments about bonuses. This is an example of a ____.
wrongful discharge
S.M.A.R.T. goals should be:
(1) Specific, (2) Measurable, (3) Attainable, (4) Realistic, and (5) Timely.
Downsizing
-The planned elimination of jobs in a company. -May actually decrease productivity and lead to loss of skilled workers.
Job analysis collects 4 kinds of information
-Work activities -Tools and equipment used to do to the job -Context in which the job is performed (actual working conditions/schedule) -The personnel requirements for performing the job (knowledge, skills, abilities)
Frame of reference training
-a group of trainees learns how to do performance appraisals by watching a video of an employee at work and then evaluating the person's performance -a trainer shares his or her evaluations, and trainees' evaluations are compared with experts' -expert explains his or her evaluation -process repeated until the differences are minimized
An in-basket exercise is
-a paper-and-pencil test in which an applicant is given a manager's in-basket containing memos, phone messages, organizational policies, and other communications normally received by and available to managers
Work sample tests
-also called performance tests, require applicants to perform tasks that are actually done on the job -directly measure job applicants' capability to do the job.
Situational question
-ask applicants how they would respond in a hypothetical situation ("What would you do if . . . ?"). These questions are more appropriate for hiring new graduates, who are unlikely to have encountered real-work situations because of their limited work experience.
Cognitive Ability Test
-measure the extent to which applicants have abilities in perceptual speed, verbal comprehension, numerical aptitude, general reasoning, and spatial aptitude. -indicate how quickly and how well people understand words, numbers, logic, and spatial dimensions -cognitive ability tests accurately predict job performance in almost all kinds of jobs -if you were allowed to use just one selection test, a cognitive ability test would be the one to use.
E-Learning Disadvantages
-not always the appropriate method -not effective for changing behavior or developing problem- solving skills -require significant investment in technology -many employees find it boring and unengaging
Hostile work environment
-occurs when unwelcome and demeaning sexually related behavior creates an intimidating, hostile, and offensive work environment. -may not result in economic injury but it can lead to psychological injury from a stressful work environment.
Training can be evaluated in four ways
-on reactions (how satisfied trainees were with the program) -on learning (how much employees improved their knowledge or skills) -on behavior (how much employees actually changed their on-the-job behavior because of training) -on results (how much training improved job performance, such as increased sales or quality, or decreased costs).
Modular organizations
-outsource non core activities outsource all remaining business activities to outside companies, suppliers, specialists. Modular is used bc the business activities purchased from outside companies can be added and dropped as needed -Exhibit 9.13 depicts a modular organization in which the company has chosen to keep training, human resources, sales, etc., as core business activities, but it has outsourced the noncore activities of product distribution, Web page design, advertising, etc. -adv: pay for outsourcing labor, expertise etc only when needed so cost less ex: apple had audio chip made in texas - dis: loss of control that occurs when key business activities are outsourced
Resumes
-pose a problem because of false data -managers should verify all information in resumes
outplacement services
-provide employment counseling for people faced with downsizing -services often include advice and training in preparing résumés, getting ready for job interviews, and even identifying job opportunities in other companies
Applicants have a limited time to
-read through the in-basket, prioritize the items, and decide how to deal with each item -Experienced managers then score the applicants' decisions and recommendations
Computer Based Learning (E-Learning) Advantages
-reduce travel costs -increase productivity -decrease employee stress -can be faster than traditional training methods
companies use ERIPs to
-reduces number of employees, lowers costs, create new openings
If companies do find themselves in financial or strategic situations where downsizing is required for survival
-they should train managers in how to break the news to downsized employees -have senior managers explain in detail why downsizing is necessary -time the announcement so that employees hear it from the company and not from other sources, such as TV or newspaper reports -companies should do everything they can to help downsized employees find other jobs.
adverse impact
-unintentional discrimination -occurs when members of a particular race, sex, or ethnic group are unintentionally harmed or disadvantaged because they are hired, promoted, or trained (or any other employment decision) at substantially lower rates than others.
Assessment Centers
-use a series of job-specific simulations that are graded by multiple trained observers to determine applicants' ability to perform managerial work -most often used to select applicants who have high potential to be good managers
Wholly owned affiliates (build or buy)
100 percent owned by the parent company. However, three trends have combined to allow companies to skip the phase model when going global. 3
Growing Market
2 factors help companies determine growth potential of foreign market: purchasing power-comparison of a standard set of goods and services in different countries, more means greater growth potential ex: Coke 98 cents in china.. US 50 cents.. American have more power than chinese foreign competitors- is determined by the number and quality of companies that already compete in foreign markets.
A ____ is a performance appraisal process in which feedback is obtained from the boss, subordinates, peers, and co-workers as well as the employees themselves.
360 degree feedback
A ____ is a performance appraisal process in which feedback is obtained from the boss, subordinates, peers, and co-workers as well as the employees themselves.
360-degree feedback
is a performance appraisal process in which feedback is obtained from the boss, subordinates, peers, and coworkers as well as the employees themselves
360-feedback
which of the following size teams usually provides the best performance
6 to 9
The ____ is a rule of thumb used by the courts and the EEOC to determine whether there is evidence of adverse impact. A violation of this rule occurs when the selection rate for a protected group is less than a specified level of the selection rate for a nonprotected group.
80 percent rule
The _______ is a rule of thumb used by the courts and the EEOC to determine whether there is evidence of adverse impact. A violation of this rule occurs when the selection rate for a protected group is less than a specified level of the selection rate for a nonprotected group.
80% rule
Employee Separation
A broad term covering the loss of an employee for any reason.
Multinational corporations
A corporation that owns businesses in two or more countries
technology cycle
A cycle that begins with the "birth" of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and is replaced by a newer, better technology
sexual harassment
A form of discrimination in which unwelcome sexual advances, request for sexual favors, or other verbal or physical conducts of a sexual nature occurs.
Direct foreign investment
A method of investment in which a company builds a new business or buys an existing business in a foreign country
Job analysis
A purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job.
technological discontinuity
A scientific advance or unique combination of existing technologies that creates a significant breakthrough in performance or function
The two industries discussed by Michael Porter in the video we watched about the "Five Industry Forces" were:
Airlines and soft drinks
licensing adv:
Allows companies to earn profits without investing more money The licensor invests in production equipment and facilities Helps companies avoid tariff and nontariff barriers
Which of the following statements describes a circumstance under which teams ought to be used?
Ample resources are available.
____ is a ticket-based system that indicates when to reorder inventory.
An MRP system A just-in-time system Correct Kanban*** An independent demand system A dependent demand system
the ___ is a portfolio strategy that managers use to categorize their corporations businees by growth rate and relative market share
BCG matrix
Two basic general methods for capturing information are electronic and
Bar codes Scanners Correct Manual*** OCR
The newest method for capturing information, that may be used to speed up the check-out process at grocery stores is called
Bar codes Scanners Correct RFID tags*** OCR
Which of the following is not one of the means mentioned for protecting information?
Biometrics Data encryption Correct Viruses*** Authentication
which of the following management theorists believed that workers ultimately grant managers their authority?
Chester Barnard
Topics to avoid in an interview
Children Age Disabilities Physical characteristics Name Citizenship Lawsuits Arrest records Smoking AIDS/HIV
How would you respond to the following statement? "Group conflict is always bad."
Cognitive conflict (C-type) is strongly associated with improvements in team performance.
Which of the following approaches to implementing Fiedler's contingency theory in the workplace has proven effective?
Correct accurately measuring and matching leaders to situations*** teaching managers how to change situational favorableness arbitrary definition of situations only hiring supervisors with appropriate leadership traits creating standing plans concerning leader actions and reactions
Which of the following is an example of a subjective performance measure?
Correct behavioral observation scales*** sales quotas production rate revenues number of customer complaints
(Tu) If you received a "5-Outstanding" in the category marked "Commitment to Company Goals" during your performance evaluation, your manager is probably using which assessment method?
Correct behaviorally anchored rating scales*** ranking MBO all of the above
Companies may determine standards by ____.
Correct benchmarking other companies*** implementing vertical loading using outsourcing taking corrective action doing all of these
(Tu) Diversity, as a communication barrier, may be overcome by
Correct choosing words carefully and avoiding the use of jargon*** being open, honest, and accurate sending messages in a manageable quantity using live video or videotapes
The medium used to send a message is called
Correct the channel*** encoding decoding feedback
A study in the construction industry found that when equipment is stolen from building sites, workers are the culprits 82 percent of the time. If background checks reduced employee thievery over a period of time and throughout the industry, then this selection process would be ____.
Correct validation*** EEOC certified legally authorized corroborated legally binding
(Tu) Which of the following would not be an appropriate information technology to use when a business message is complex?
Correct voice mail*** conference call video conferencing telephone
Baseball management discovered that its sales increased by almost 100 percent in those seasons when it held an open 32. Which of the following statements about data mining is true?
Data mining is the specific process used to match buyers and sellers. Data mining is too expensive for most companies to use at this time. The two forms of data mining are centralized and decentralized. Correct Data mining typically uses data from a data warehouse.*** All of these statements about data mining are true.
Pay-level decisions
Decisions about whether to pay workers at a level above, below, or at current market wages.
A manufacturer of suntan lotion could set a(n) ______ goal to increase revenues by 8 % over the next five years and an _____ goal to increase sales next June in Miami Beach by 3 %
Distal, proximal
Continuing to invest additional money in an information technology requires a "yes" answer to which of the following questions?
Does the information technology create value? Is the information technology different across competing firms? Is it difficult for another firm to create or buy the information technology? Correct a "yes" answer is required to all of these for continuing to invest in the information technology***
Deciding how to state or write the message, selecting the right words and setting and so on, is referred to as
Downward Upward Horizontal Correctd. All of these are very difficult to establish
Which of the following statements about economic value added (EVA) is true?
EVA is the amount by which profits (after expenses) exceed the cost of capital in a given year.
is responsible for the fact that most products are manufactured using standardized, interchangeable parts
Eli Whitney
is best known for his role in Hawthrone Studies
Elton May
Which management theorist provided managers with a better understanding of the effect group social interactions and employee satisfaction have on individual and group performance?
Elton Mayo
Atlanta Rent-A-Car refused to hire two females allegedly because they were wearing Muslim attire. What federal agency filed charges as a result of this episode
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Which 3 federal government agencies oversee human-resource laws?
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Department of Labor, Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs
Three aspects of a TQM program are customer satisfaction focus, teamwork and
Error detection Correct Continuous improvement*** Increased budget for technology Conversion to robotic manufacturing control
A company engaged in cross training is using individual team members to teach other members how to do all or most of the jobs they can perform.
False
Employee turnover is always bad for an organization.
False
In setting their pay structures, companies use a procedure, known as performance assessment, which determines the worth of each job by determining the market value of the knowledge, skills, and requirements needed to perform it.
False
Once a company finishes the downsizing process, it should never need to downsize again.
False
Once teams have made it to the performing stage, they no longer need fear a decline in performance.
False
The three significant disadvantages that teams and teamwork are prone to are initially high turnover, social loafing, and legal risk.
False
Franchise adv:
Fast way to enter foreign markets Good strategy when a company's domestic sales have slowed
The use of job training is a type of
Feedforward control Correct Concurrent control*** Feedback control Employment barrier (don't choose this one)
Which of the following is an example of a situational theory of leadership?
Fiedler's contingency theory
The acronym GATT stands for the ____.
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
How does a company benefit from planning
Intensified effort, persistence, direction, and creation of task strategies
is the number of times per year that a company sells or replaces its average inventory.
Inventory Turnover
Which of the following is a useful guideline for successful management of virtual teams?
Keep team interaction upbeat and action-oriented.
export adv:
Less dependence on home market sales Greater degree of control over research, design, and production decisions
A ______ is a nontax method of increasing the cost of reducing the volume of imported goods.
Nontariff barrier
_____ _____ are defined as nontax methods of increasing the cost or reducing the volume of imported goods.
Nontariff barriers
______ refers to regulation of workers' behavior and decisions through widely shared organizational values and beliefs. One way for an organization to implement normative controls is to have very selective hiring practices.
Normative control
Which of the following statements about normative control is true?
Normative control leads to an emphasis on very selective hiring.
nearly all techonolgy cycles follow the typical_____ patter of innovation
S curve
Wainscott Finch, a Fortune 500 management consulting firm, conducts Project Management Preparatory Academies for its clients in which participants spend 70 hours learning how to create a differential competitive advantage through their employees. Why?
Satisfied employees yield satisfied customers
Which of the following statements about semi-autonomous work groups is true?
Semi-autonomous work groups have the authority to make decisions and solve problems related to the major tasks of producing a good or service.
expatriate
Someone who lives and works outside his or her native country.
Explain the purpose of the SMART guidelines and provide an example
Specific measurable attainable realistic timely Its a way to set goals that allows you to have a high chance of success. Its a way to make a plan that works
The fastest-growing racial group in the United States is Hispanics.
TRUE
_____ plans are plans that specify how a company will use resources, budgets and people to accomplish specific goals within its mission.
Tactical
_____developed four principles of scientific management. _____ is responsible for the fourteen principles of management. Although Taylor did some time studies, _________ and ______ are best know for time and motion studies.
Taylor; Henri Fayol; Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
____ describes the average level of ability, experience, personality, or any other factor on a team.
Team level
When managers give developmental feedback, they're acting as coaches, but when they give administrative feedback, they're acting as judges.
These roles, coaches and judges, are clearly incompatible. As coaches, managers are encouraging, pointing out opportunities for growth and improvement, and employees are typically open and receptive to feedback. But as judges, managers are evaluative, and employees are typically defensive and closed to feedback.
_____ is responsible for developing strategic plans
Top management
effective delegation
Trust your staff to be a good job Avoid seeing perfection Give effective job instructions Know your true interests Follow up on progress. Praise the efforts of your staff. Don't wait to the last minute to delegate. Ask questions, expect answers, assist employees. Provide the resources you would provide if doing the assignment yourself. Delegate to the lowest possible level.
speed, lower costs, incremental improvements in performance of dominant design
What are the 3 goals of the compression approach?
speed, performance improvements, & new dominant design
What are the 3 goals of the experimental approach?
unfreezing, change intervention, and refreezing
What are the 3 steps to managing resistance to change?
1. critical mass (most people use it) 2. solves a practical problem 3. independent standards bodies
What are the 3 ways dominant designs can emerge?
education and communication, participation, negotiation, top management support, and coercion.
What are the 5 methods that can be used to manage resistance to change?
challenging work, lack of organizational impediments, freedom, work group encouragement, supervisory encouragement, and organizational encouragement
What are the 6 components of a creative work environment?
design iterations, testing, milestones, multifunctional teams, and powerful leaders
What are the five parts to the experiential approach to innovation?
creative work environments
Workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are encouraged
Licensing
a domestic company, the licensor, receives royalty payments for allowing another company, the licensee, to produce its product, sell its service, or use its brand name in a particular foreign market -Murjani Group and Tommy Hilfiger and Calvin Klein partner instead of alone b/c expansion into India is challenging bc not a lot of high end fashion stores, Murjani provides faster entry into India adv: allows companies to earn additional profits w/o investing more money, foreign sales increase/ royalties paid to the licensor by the foreign licensee increase. Avoids tariff and nontariff barriers dis: licensor gives up control over quality of product sold by foreign licensee, also licensee can become competitors Licensing- if want a tcu logo on something, we have to pay for the logo but can do what we want with it
is the tendency to overestimate our value by attributing successes to ourselves (internal causes) and attributing failures to others or the environment (external causes).
a self-serving bias
When managers delegate work, three transfers occur. The three transfers are responsibility, authority, and ____.
accountability
when managers delegate work, three transfers occur. The three transfers are responsibility, authority, and:
accountability
Which of the following approaches to implementing Fiedler's contingency theory in the workplace has proven effective?
accurately measuring and matching leaders to situations
David Dworkin is the founder of a small Atlanta-based chain of retail stores called Swoozie's. The stores target affluent women and carry eclectic lines of wrapping paper, stationery, invitations, and gifts. Dworkin has expressed a strong need to expand Swoozie's nationwide, According to McClelland's Learned Needs Theory, Dworkin has a need for___________.
achievement
which of the following is an external recruiting method
advertising
the purposeful step taken by an organization to create employment opportunities for minorities and women is called _____.
affirmative action
the purposeful steps taken by an organization to create employment opportunities for minorities and women is called:
affirmative action
age discrimination in employment act of 1976
age, training
What is the primary advantage of the structured interview?
all applicants are asked the same questions
the first selection devices most job applicants encounter when they seek a job are:
application forms and resumes
transformational leaders
are accurately described by all of these (Chapter 14)
states that we all have a basic need to understand and explain the cause of other people's behavior.
attribution theory
the _____ states that we all have a basic need to understand and explain the causes of other people's behavior.
attribution theory
for which of the following personality dimensions would an individual believe there should be power and status differences within organizations
authoritarianism
is the degree to which a job gives workers the discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish their jobs
autonomy
To minimize the problems inherent in firing employees, managers should do which of the following?
before firing employees, managers should give them a chance to improve
to minimize the problems inherent in firing employees, managers should do with of the following
before firing employees, managers should give them a change to improve
_______ control regulates workers' actions and routines on the job, while ______ control measures the results of their efforts.
behavior, and output
References Etc will pose as a prospective employer, call a prior employer on an employee's behalf, and find out what the former employer is saying. If the prior employer provides unsubstantiated negative information, then the job applicant ____
can sue for defamation
______ refers to the behavioral tendencies and personal characteristics of leaders that create an exceptionally strong relationship between them and their followers
charismatic leadership
redesigning tasks
combining tasks, forming natural work units, establishing client reslationships, vertically loading the job, opening feedback channels on the JCM
(Tu) The use of coercive power by a manager is likely to be met by
commitment compliance Correct resistance*** all of the above
type of team: cross functional teams
composed of workers from different functions and specialties who come together to accomplish a task. members come from different departments but usually the same level
the _______ approach to managing innovation assumes that innovation is a predictable process made up of a series of steps and that compressing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation
compression
In a departure from mainstream management thinking, Mary Parker Follett believed ____.
conflict could be beneficial
which of the Big Five Personality measures has the greatest impact on behavior in organizations
conscientiousness
is feedback that is intended to be helpful, corrective, and/or encouraging and is aimed at correcting performance deficiencies and motivating employees.
constructive feedback
In many organizations, sales managers develop company-wide sales forecasts by asking members of the sales force to decide how much growth they anticipate in their individual sales territories. Sales managers then take the input from the individual salespeople and create the company-wide sales forecasts based on this information. In the normative decision model, this would be an example of a(n) _____ decision-making style.
consultative
transformational : organization
crisis, change forces, need for new vision
an organization engaged in _____ its work team members is training them in how to do all or most of the jobs performed by the other team memebers
cross training
an organization engaged in____its work team members is training them in how to do all or most of the jobs performed by the other team members
cross training
a technology ____ begins with the birth of a new tech....
cycle
The U.S. chemical industry faces a looming shortage of process operators and is hiring new ones as fast as it can. The average age of an effective process operator is 50. A wave of retirements among these highly qualified and experienced operators in coming years will create openings for as many as 10,000 operators in the chemical industry. The retirement of the current operators is an example of ____.
de-employment Correct dysfunctional turnover*** reactive turnover regressive turnover a "brain leak"
_________ consists of differences such as personality and attitudes that are learned only through extended interaction with others and are communicated through verbal and nonverbal behaviors
deep level diversity
As the German pharmaceuticals company decided to implement a diversity training program, its human resources managers discovered the Americans reached decisions very quickly. One German manager described them as "hip shooters." He said, "We [Germans] are more analytical. We're more logical and systematic." This discovery had to do with ____.
deep-level diversity
_____consists of differences communicated through verbal and nonverbal behaviors, such as personality and attitudes that are learned only through extended interaction with others
deep-level diversity
Hohner is a company that manufactures and markets harmonicas, a product with a steady demand rate. It is so successful at what it does that the company controls 85 percent of the world's harmonica industry. In terms of the adaptive strategies, Hohner would most likely be categorized as a(n) ____.
defender
the social responsiveness strategy that could be considered essentially a public relations approach is the _____ strategy.
defensive
which of the following steps in the decision making process can be done better by groups than by individuals
defining the problem and generating alternatives
_____ involves assigning direct authority and responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsible
delegation of authority
About half of the companies using 360-degree feedback for performance appraisal now use the feedback only for
developmental purposes.
revise the standard
deviations from the standard are sometimes attributable to errors in the standard itself rather than to performance problems. the appropriate response involves revising the performance standards.
approach to decision making is a method in which an individual or subgroup is assigned the role of critic
devil's advocate
reciprocal interdepedence
different jobs or groups work togetherin a back-and-forther manner to complete the process
____ is a method investment in which a company builds a new business or buys an exsisting in a foreign country
direct foreign investment
tariff
direct tax on imported goods. Like the U.S. government's 93% duty on fireworks imported from China, tariffs increase the cost of imported goods relative to that of domestic goods.
According to the path goal theory of leadership, ____ involves letting employees know precisely what is expected of them, giving them specific guidelines for performing tasks...
directive leadership
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, what type of leadership is being practiced that involves letting employees know precisely what is expected of them, giving them specific guidelines for performing tasks, scheduling work, setting standards of performance, and making sure that people follow standard rules and regulations.
directive leadership
___________ is intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposefully not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities because of their race, sex, age, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs.
disparate treatment
is intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposefully not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities because of their race, sex, age, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs
disparate treatment
is the perceived degree to which outcomes and rewards are fairly distributed or allocated
distributive justice
_____ is a term that describes a situation in organizations when there is a variety of demographic, cultural, and personal differences among the people who work there and the customers who do business there.
diversity
when teams are used properly and in the right settings, work teams can:
do all of these
the product quality characteristic of _____ is defined as the mean time before product failure.
durability
pooled interdepence
each job or deparment independentlycontributes to the whole
A country or region that has an attractive business climate for companies that want to go global has found an ____.
easy access to growing markets
who is responsible for the fact that most products are manufactured using standardized, interchangeable parts
eli whitney
the first step managers use to make sense of their changing environments
environmental scanning
According to _____, people will be motivated when they perceive they are being treated fairly
equity theory
according to ____, people will be motivated when they perceive they are being treated fairly.
equity theory
A top manager for a management consulting firm would:
establish a positive organizational culture that encourages employees to be passionate about their clients
which of the following is the only type of responsibility given to traditional work groups
executive the task
companies relying on a trucking company providing just-in-time (JIT) transportation would _____
expect the chemical and dry bulk procedures to be delivered as they are needed by the production line
states that people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and they are often attractive rewards
expectancy theory
critical psychological states
experienced meaningfulness of the work, experienced responsibility for the outcomes of work On the JCM
the ____ approach to innovation assumes that innovation is occuring withing a highly uncertain environment
experiential
situational: selling
explain decisions and allow for clarification task behavior high relationship behavior high readiness level of followers moderately low
Fran Wilson Creative Cosmetics is a medium-sized U.S. company that sells 1.5 million tubes of its lipstick annually in Japan. It has no physical presence within the country beyond the fact its products are sold there. Fran Wilson Creative Cosmetics uses ____ to reach the Japanese market.
exporting
___ occurs when a company sells domestically produced products to customers in foreign countries
exporting
_____ is reinforcement strategy which weakens a behavior over time because the behavior has no consequences, positive or negative.
extinction
Dysfunctional turnover is the loss of high-performing employees due to unplanned downsizing.
false
Employee turnover is always bad for an organization.
false
In setting their pay structures, companies use a procedure known as performance assessment, which determines the worth of each job by determining the market value of the knowledge, skills, and requirements needed to perform it.
false
Once a company finishes the downsizing process, it should never need to downsize again.
false
Training does not provide opportunities for employees to develop the job-specific skills, experience, and knowledge they need to do their jobs or improve their performance.
false
_____ control is a method of gathering info about performance deficiencies before they occur.
feedforward
The U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines impose smaller fines on companies that ____.
have already established a specific type of compliance program
people higher in the chain of command
have the right, if they so choose, to give commands, take action, and make decisions concerning activities occuring anywhere below them in the chain
Which of the following questions is deemed acceptable (i.e., "legal") for employers to ask applicants during the selection process?
have you ever been convicted of a crime?
which of the following questions is deemed acceptable for employers to ask applicants during the selection process
have you ever been convicted of a crime?
personal and work outcomes
high internal work motivation On the JCM
what type of skills tend to be equally important at all levels of management?
human skills
matrix
hybrid structure in which 2 or more forms of departmentalization are used together.. most common is product and functional
transformational : followers and teams
identify with leader, identify with vision, become more cohesive, empowered, energized which effects the needed change
Diversity helps companies grow by ____.
improving marketplace understanding
dept ratios
indicators of the firm's ability to handle long-term debt
liquidity ratios
indicators of the firm's ability to meet its short-term debts and obligations
What are two of Hofstede's five cultural dimensions
individualism Power idstance
An article on public libraries contained the following statement: "The Balanced Scorecard helps organize and run the library according to a specific strategic plan, while demonstrating the library's value to the community as a whole." When dealing with the ____ area of the Balanced Scorecard, the article advised librarians to ask, "How can the library continue to improve and create value?"
innovation and learning perspective
Patters of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called ______
innovation streams
patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called
innovation streams
Semi-finished items are found at what stage in the inventory management system?
input stage Correct transformation stage*** output stage stage coach stage
Which of the following is an example of an objective performance measure?
input/output measures
the organizational process
is the collection of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customers value
a bureaucracy
is the exercise of control on the basis of knowledge, expertise, or experience
according to weber, a bureaucracy
is the exercise of control on the basis of knowledge, expertise, or experience
what type of error did the manager use when she rated all of her subordinates as above-average in all performance areas?
leniency error
situational: delegating
letting followers and teams make and implement decisions task behavior low relationship behavior low readiness level of followers high (experienced/mature)
an ____ function is an activity that contributes directly to creating or selling the company's products.
line
To save a company from bankruptcy, its CEO told its employees that he would eliminate 53% of the company's mechanics and reduce the compensation of the remaining mechanics by 26%. In terms of the normative decision theory, the CEO _____
made autocratic decisions
which of the following statements about beginnings of management is true
management as a field of study is only about 125 years old
It is the responsibility of ____ to develop intermediate plans, or plans designed to produce results within six to eighteen months.
middle managers
All global new ventures share two common factors. One is the bringing of a good or service to several different foreign markets at the same time. The other is ____.
none of these
which of the following is the best leadership style for all situations?
none of these (Chapter 14)
which of the following is NOT a kind of inventory a manufacturer would keep in stock?
nonrenewable materials
A group of workers in a medical examiner's office decided that they would not wear blue jeans to work because such casual wear seemed unprofessional. This informal agreement was made even though the office did not have a dress code. The workers created a(n) ____.
norm
according the the Americans with Disabilities Act, disabilities (and reasonable accommodations for them) should be discussed ___
only after a job offer has been made
Product departmenalization
organizes work and workers into separate units responsible for producing particular products or services; organized into product categories
Geographic departmentalization
organizes work and workers into separte units responsible for doing business in particular geographic areas
Customer departmentalization
organizes work and workers into separte units responsible for particular kinds of customers
A business school administrator who is determining what classes will be offered in which rooms and who will teach each specific class is involved in which classical management function?
organizing
after a year as a manager, new managers typically realize their job is
people management
Pregnancy discrimination act of 1978
pregnancy, promoting
are standing plans that indicate the specific steps that should be taken in response to a particular event
procedures
recruiting
process of developing a qualified pool of job applicants
from a legal perspective, there are two kinds of sexual harassment. They are:
quid pro quo and hostile work enivornment
From a legal perspective, there are two kinds of sexual harassment. They are .
quid pro quo and hostile work environment
List two of the five types of non-tariff trade barriers
quota subsidies
several extended-stay hotel chains ask guests to hang their towels so they can be reused as a way to help the environment. this request reflects which stage of waste minimization
recycle and reuse
_____is a fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of businesses processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed
reengineering
capital budget
reflect targeted spending for major tangible assets such as buildings, new factories, or major equipment
Deutsche Bank became the world's largest bank through mergers with Bankers Trust, a translactic banking operation. Since both banking companies had a similar core capabilities, this would be classified as an example of _____
related diversification
which of the following is an example of extrinsic reward
salary increase
_________ is the process of gathering information about job applicants to decide who should be offered a job.
selection
Mike is a big fan of all kinds of sports...
selective perception
When Robin was told that her favorite store would no longer stock her favorite brand of clip-on earrings, she assumed this meant that the company was no longer producing clip-on earrings; even though that was not the case. Robin's incorrect assumption was due to _____.
selective perception kinesics Correct closure*** defensive bias attribution
leaders who possess the trait of ____ are more decisive and assertive and more likely to gain others' confidence.
self-confidence
absenteeism
shows the ratio or percentage of employees not at work for a given time period
Like most large U.S. hospitals, University Health Care System spends an enormous amount on patient supplies. The hospital has more than 15,000 individual products that are purchased on a routine basis. Its purchasing manager instituted a hospital-wide purchasing policy that gave a specific code to each individual item. In other words, the purchasing manager engaged in ____.
standardization
_____ is the process of solving problems by consistently applying the same rules, procedures, and processes.
standardization
intraorganizational process
the collection of activities that take place within an organization to transform inputs into outputs that customers value
the job
the responsibilities and duties performed by an employee
line authority
the right to command immediate subordinates in the chain of command
main question to answer once a company goes global is
to what extent should the company stadardize or adapt business procedures
the least amount of team autonomy is found in____
traditional work groups
in the autonomy continuum (which shows how five kinds of teams differ in terms of autonomy), the correct sequence, from low team autonomy to high team autonomy, is ____
traditional work groups, employee involvement teams, semi-autonomous work groups, self-managing teams, and self-designing teams
_________ means providing opportunities for employees to develop the job-specific skills, experience, and knowledge they need to do their jobs or improve their performance.
training
on-the-job training
training conducted at the work site with the resources the employee uses to perform the job. the manager, or an assigned employee, usually conducts the training
Rater training
training performance appraisal raters in how to avoid rating errors and increase rating accuracy
relatively stable characteristics such as abilities, psychological motives, or consistent patterns of behavior, form the basis for the ____ of leadership
trait theory
relatively stable characters such as abilities, psychological motives, or consistent patters or behavior form the basis for the _____ of leadership
trait theory
According to an article from CIO Magazine, "Leadership grows from courage and integrity." From this opening statement, you know the article will discuss leadership from the ____.
trait theory viewpoint
is based on an exchange process, in which followers are rewarded for good performance and punished for poor performance.
transactional leadership
Background checks can be used to verify the truthfulness and accuracy of information that applicants provide about themselves.
true
Human resource management (HRM) is the process of finding, developing, and keeping the right people for the company.
true
In legal terms, intentional discrimination by an employer is identified as adverse impact while unintentional discrimination is called disparate treatment.
true
Job analyses, job descriptions, and job specifications help companies meet the legal requirement that their human resource decisions be job-related.
true
The only time gender, age, religion, etc. can be used to make employment decisions is when they are considered a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ).
true
Assessment centers often last
two to five days and require participants to complete a number of tests and exercises that simulate managerial work.
a study in the construction industry found that when equipment is stolen from building sites, workers are the culprits 82% of the time. if background checks reduce employee thievery over a period of time and throughout the industry, then this selection process would be
validated
is a deviation in the form, condition, or appearance of a product from the quality standard for that product.
variation
chain of command
vertical line of authority that clarifies who reports to whom throughout the organization. People higher in the chain of command have the right, if they so choose, to give commands, take action, and make decisions concerning activities occurring anywhere below them in the chain.
A(n) ____ is defined as a team composed of geographically and/or organizationally dispersed coworkers who use telecommunications and information technologies to accomplish an organizational task.
virtual team
a____is a small number of people with complementary skills who hold themselves mutually accountable for pursuing a common purpose, achieving performance goals, and improving interdependent work processes
work team
unity of command
workers should report to just one boss; matrix departmentalization violates this rule-of-thumb
MBO is defined as a four-step process in which managers and employees
(1) discuss and (2) select goals, (3) develop tactical plans, and (4) meet regularly to review progress toward goal accomplishment. MBO focuses on shorter-term tactical planning.
The three pitfalls of planning are:
(1) planning may produce a false sense of security, (2) planning may impede change and adaptation, and (3) planners may operate detached from "ground level" reality of the company and its environment.
A popular alternative to graphic rating scales is the
-Behavior Observation Scale (BOS) -requires raters to rate the frequency with which workers perform specific behaviors representative of the job dimensions that are critical to successful job performance
Getting background information
-Conduct criminal record checks -Ask applicants to sign a waiver to check references, run a background check, or contact people with knowledge of work history -Ask applicants if there is anything they want the company to know -Consider hiring a private investigator
Application Forms
-May ask applicants only for job related information -commonly ask applicants for non job related information, such as marital status, maiden name, age, date of high school grad
2 ways to improve performance appraisal measures
-Objective and subject performance measures
Specific Aptitude Test
-Specific ability tests measure the extent to which an applicant possesses the particular kind of ability needed to do a job well. -Specific ability tests are also called aptitude tests because they measure aptitude for doing a particular task well.
Why do American consumers get more for their money than most other consumers in the world?
-The U.S. marketplace is easiest for foreign companies to enter: Some U.S. industries, such as textiles, have been heavily protected from foreign competition through many trade barriers. But, for the most part, American consumers (and businesses) have had plentiful choices among American-made and foreign-made products. -Competitive market between domestic and foreign companies keeps prices low: is precisely this lack of choice, and the low level of competition, that keeps prices higher in countries that have not been as open to foreign companies and products.
Interviews
-companies ask applicants questions to determine if they are qualified for the job -frequently used and relied on
Biographical data (Biodata)
-extensive surveys that ask applicants questions about their personal backgrounds and life experiences -the basic idea is that past behavior (personal background and life experience) is the best predictor of future behavior -Most questionnaires have over 100 items that gather information about habits and attitudes, health, interpersonal relations, money, what it was like growing up in your family (parents, siblings, childhood years, teen years), personal habits, current home (spouse, children), hobbies, education and training, values, preferences, and work. In general, biodata are very good predictors of future job performance, especially in entry-level jobs.
semistructured interviews
-hybrids of structured and unstructured interviews -A major part is based on structured questions, but some time is set aside for unstructured interviewing to allow the interviewer to probe into ambiguous or missing information uncovered during the structured portion of the interview.
disparate treatment
-intentional discrimination -occurs when people, despite being qualified, are intentionally not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities as other employees because of their race, color, age, sex, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs.
Performance appraisals are used for four broad purposes
-making administrative decisions (e.g., pay increase, promotion, retention) -providing feedback for employee development (e.g., performance feedback, developing career plans) -evaluating human resource programs (e.g., validating selection systems) -documentation purposes (e.g., documenting performance ratings and decisions based on those ratings).
is a rule of thumb used by the courts and the EEOC to determine whether there is evidence of adverse impact. a violation of this rule occurs when the selection rate for a protected group is less than a specified of the selection rate for a non-protected group
80% rule
transition management team
A team of employees whose full-time job is to manage and coordinate change
____ is the emotional reaction that can occur when disagreements become personal rather than professional.
A-type conflict
________ is the emotional reaction that can occur when disagreements become personal rather than professional
A-type conflict
Which of the following is not a problem in cross-cultural communication?
Address terms Schedule time Acquaintance time Correct All of these are problems in cross-cultural communication***
Functional Adv & Dis
Adv: -Work done by highly skilled specialists -Lowers costs through reduced duplication -Communication and coordination problems are lessened Dis: -Cross-department coordination can be difficult -May lead to slower decision making -Produces managers with narrow experiences Functional departmentalization has some advantages. First, it allows work to be done by highly qualified specialists. While the accountants in the accounting department take responsibility for producing accurate revenue and expense figures, the engineers in research and development can focus their efforts on designing a product that is reliable and simple to manufacture. Second, it lowers costs by reducing duplication. When the engineers in research and development come up with that fantastic new product, they don't have to worry about creating an aggressive advertising campaign to sell it. That task belongs to the advertising experts and sales representatives in marketing. Third, with everyone in the same department having similar work experience or training, communication and coordination are less problematic for departmental managers. However, functional departmentalization has a number of disadvantages, too. To start, cross-department coordination can be difficult. Managers and employees are often more interested in doing what's right for their function than in doing what's right for the entire organization. A good example is the traditional conflict between marketing and manufacturing. Marketing typically pushes for spending more money to make more products with more accessories and capabilities to meet customer needs. By contrast, manufacturing pushes for fewer products with simpler designs, so that manufacturing facilities can ship finished products on time and keep costs within expense budgets. As companies grow, functional departmentalization may also lead to slower decision-making, and produce managers and workers with narrow experience and expertise.
Which of the following statements about federal employment law is true?
All federal laws are administered by the Department of Labor.
Which of the following is a characteristic of successful organizational culture
All of these (chapter 3 quiz)
Which of the following is a reason teamwork can be more satisfying than traditional work?
All of these are reasons why teamwork can be more satisfying than traditional work.
Walmart's information system that allows vendors limited access to information they need is an example of
An intranet An internet Correct An extranet*** None of these are correct
Which of the following questions is deemed acceptable (i.e., "legal") for employers to ask applicants during the selection process?
Are you a United States citizen? Have you ever filed a lawsuit against an employer? Correct Have you ever been convicted of a crime?*** Do you smoke or use tobacco products? None of these
In the initial stages of researching leader behaviors, it was believed that
Autocratic behaviors were more effective Job-centered behaviors were more effective Correct Democratic behaviors were more effective*** There was no difference between autocratic and democratic behaviors in their effectiveness
____ is the degree to which a job gives workers the discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish their jobs.
Autonomy
Joint Venture dis:
Companies must share profits Joint venture represent a merging of four cultures With equal ownership, power struggles and a lack of leadership may occur
An organization is experiencing ______ when it is reluctant to change strategies or competitive practices that have been successful in the past.
Competitive inertia
Pay-structure decisions
Concerned with internal pay distribution, meaning the extent to which people in the company receive very different levels of pay
____ refers to the behavioral tendencies and personal characteristics of leaders that create an exceptionally strong relationship between them and their followers.
Consideration leadership Correct Charismatic leadership*** Transactional leadership Transformational leadership Leadership empowerment
____ is the extent to which it is possible to implement each step in the control process.
Control feasibility Correct Cybernetic feasibility*** A quasi-control assessment A Balanced Scorecard assessment Information management
What are the strategies that can be used to minimize or adapt to the political risk inherent to global business?
Control, avoidance, cooperative strategies
Which of the following statements about corporate culture is true
Corporate cultures are very difficult to change
The term ______ refers to the overall organizational strategy that addresses the question "What business or businesses are we in or should we be in?"
Corporate-level strategy
A national award given to U.S. firms that have reached high levels of quality in their products and services is called
Correct Baldridge National Quality Award*** National ISO award National Association of Manufacturers Quality Award Deming Award
____ are a hybrid of executive information systems and intranets.
Correct Corporate portals*** Extranets Expert systems Virtual private networks Electronic data interchanges
If a company has a new technology that is not yet available to its competitors, this is called
Correct First mover advantage*** Sustainable advantage Competitive advantage None of these are correct
Which of the following is not part of work force forecasting?
Correct Internal supply*** Internal movement Benefits analysis External supply
The person who measures an employee's performance
Correct Must be in a position to observe the performance*** Must be the employee's supervisor Should limit measurement of performance to one specific time period Must be the sole determiner of salary adjustment
Which of the following statements about leaders and managers is true?
Correct Organizations need both leaders and managers.*** Leaders are critical to getting out the day-to-day work. Managers are critical to inspiring employees and setting long-term direction. Most organizations place greater emphasis on leadership than on management. All of these statements about leaders and managers are true.
Which of the following is not one of the criteria used in determining ISO 14000 certification?
Correct Product quality*** Environmental auditing Life-cycle assessment All of these are used in ISO 14000 certification
Interpreting is on aspect of
Correct Sensing*** Selecting Organizing Ego formation
In the trucking industry today, leaders are needed that will do more than simply manage or direct drivers, owner-operators, and the staff that supports them. These leaders need to inspire, coach, encourage, and guide. Today's leaders need to earn consensus by working as part of the team, providing resources to get the job done, then getting out of the way and letting their people perform. Today, these men and women need to be ____ leaders.
Correct Strategic*** Transactional Directive Autonomous job-oriented
Which of the following is one of the mistakes that managers tend to make when they are coaching employees?
Correct They wait too long before talking to them about the problem.*** They refrain from showing any feelings when they confront the employee. They refer the employee to an EAP. They require the employee to pay for his or her additional training. All of these are common mistakes made by managers attempting to coach employees.
Blake and Mouton believed that the key to having managers that met the behavior concerns found in the Leadership Grid was
Correct Training managers how to behave in the required manner*** Administering personality tests that identified which managers would behavior in the required manner Rewarding managers for behaving in the required manner Selecting managers who would behave in the required manner
Four leadership styles in the path-goal theory of leadership are directive, supportive, participative and
Correct achievement-oriented*** task-oriented production-centered subordinate-centered
The job of the concepts managers at Starbucks is to use a cross-functional team to develop four to six new beverages annually. Starbucks uses a cross-functional team because it ____.
Correct allows the company to use employees from various departments with varying perspectives to attack the task*** creates a means for outsourcing new-product development allows Starbucks to use an aggregated product plan ensures that Starbucks will always have products in each stage of the product life cycle allows the company to get input from all of its external stakeholders
When Marriott decided to improve the quality of service offered to customers, it asked special corporate guests to comment on the good and bad issues of their stay and also to tell what the competition is doing that is better than Marriott. The Marriott acted accordingly. In other words, it used ____.
Correct benchmarking*** data decentralization information processing mirroring comparative criterion
Which of the following types of conflict is most strongly associated with improvements in team performance?
Correct cognitive conflict*** horizontal conflict behavioral conflict vertical conflict affective conflict
Every semester, State University assesses its registration process to determine how to reduce the time required for students to register. This is part of the university's
Correct continuous improvement process*** teamwork program process of involving those who actually do the work attempt to reduce variation in quality standards
A company developed a(n) ____ to allow its more than 50 department heads and executive managers to use a Web browser to view sales results and distribution plans with a single click..
Correct corporate portal*** extranet SSL network virtual private network electronic data interchange
According to the TQM strategy, what should be a company's primary goal?
Correct customer focus and satisfaction*** continuous improvement teamwork participative management reciprocity
According to the textbook, what should a business owner do with excess inventory?
Correct cut prices on the product to increase its sales*** donate the products and get a tax write-off throw the excess away throw a party raise prices and sell the product as a premium product
Companies relying on a trucking company providing just-in-time (JIT) transportation would _____?
Correct expect the chemical and dry bulk products to be delivered as they are needed by the production line*** cannot continue operations if a stockout occurs have high inventory turnover rates uses a master production schedule to control service recovery costs spend more on holding costs than on any other form of inventory costs
Most ____ work by using a collection of "if-then" rules to sort through information and recommend a course of action.
Correct expert systems*** decision support systems executive information systems RAID systems trend analyses
The Balanced Scorecard approach to control ____.
Correct forces managers at each level of the company to set specific goals and measure performance in each of four areas*** places greatest priority on the most important aspect of control, the financial perspective maximizes the chances of suboptimization only looks at factors within a company's controllable environment has no real advantages over traditional control techniques
(Tu) Dan's company has collected customer feedback forms from everyone who bought one of the company's products in the last 6 months. The company is
Correct measuring actual performance*** setting performance standards comparing performance to standards revising the standards
Which of the following provides employment counseling services for employees faced with downsizing?
Correct outplacement services*** reassessment centers employee outsourcing employee restructuring outsourced centers
Which of the following applications would most likely involve decentralized processing of data?
Correct reordering inventory at grocery store (Fort Collins Safeway)*** airline reservations (United or Southwestern) car rentals (Dollar or Hertz) maintaining transcripts by university registrar (CSU)
(Tu) The first step in the performance appraisal process is to
Correct set performance goals for the job*** agree on performance goals with the employee assess individual performance establish a ranking of employee performances from best to worst
Which of the following factors would favor a decision to have a multi-facility location?
Correct the cost of facilities is low due to a job-shop layout*** a mass-production layout is used customers do not need or desire a great deal of variety in the product or service all of these favor a decision to have a multi-facility location
(Tu) By comparing the requirements in the job analysis to __________________________ human resource specialists may create effective training design.
Correct the list of employee weaknesses in the performance analysis*** the list of requirements in the job description the list of training programs offered by the human resource department what employee indicate they would like to learn
(Tu) Concurrent control is best used in which aspect of the control/production process?
Correct transformation proces*** inputs outputs all of the above
UPS was founded in 1907 as a message delivery business. The development of the telephone would have put an end to the business if UPS's founder had not been a ____ type of leader. One who was able to get his employees to accomplish more than they had thought possible and re-invent the company as a company that delivered goods for retailers.
Correct transformational *** substitute participative transactional supportive
Which of the following statements about team training is true?
Cross-training is less appropriate for teams of highly skilled workers.
____ is a performance assessment in which companies identify which customers are leaving and the rate at which customers are leaving.
Customer defection
At Walmart's, _______________ are required to enter into the Walmart inventory system and generate a new order for supplies when they are running low.
Customers Correct Suppliers*** Cashiers Shelf stockers
A tech ______ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies as it replaced by a newer, substantially better tech
Cycle
____ involves assigning direct authority and responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsible.
Delegation of authority
the _____ is a decision making method in which a panel of experts responds to questions and to each other until an agreement is reached on how a specific issue should be handled
Delphi technique
______ is a method of investment in which a company builds a new business or buys an existing business in a foreign country.
Direct foreign investment
____ is intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposefully not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities because of their race, sex, age, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs
Disparate treatment
Managers can do three different things to make performance reviews as comfortable and productive as possible.
First, managers should separate developmental feedback, which is designed to improve future performance, from administrative feedback, which is used to evaluate past performance, often for determining rewards such as raises. Second, Meyer suggests that performance appraisal feedback sessions be based on self-appraisals, in which employees carefully assess their own strengths, weaknesses, successes, and failures in writing. Because employees play an active role in the review of their performance, managers can be coaches rather than judges. Finally, what people do with the performance feedback they receive really matters
Franchise dis:
Franchisors face a loss of control Franchising success may be culture-bound
Which management theorist would most likely have said, "The greatest waste in the world comes from needless, ill-directed, and ineffective motions"?
Frank and Lilian Gilbreth
____ is the process of finding, developing, and keeping the right people for the company.
Functional resource planning Correct Human resource management*** Work force forecasting Recruiting Human resource implementation
The acronym GATT stands for
General agreement on tariffs and trade
List and define the three types of grand strategies
Growth: the company is trying to gain a larger percentage of the market, more profit Stability: the company is trying to improve the process of selling the same product to the same customers better Retrenchment: companies trying to scale back and refocus. Usually done when a company is starting to do poorly. A planned shrinkage
Joint Venture adv:
Help companies avoid tariff and nontariff barriers to entry Participating companies bear only part of the costs and risks Advantageous to smaller local partners
is best know for developing the 5 functions of managers & the 14 principles of management
Henri Fayol
One of the major actions an employer can take to help reduce the likelihood of accusations of sexual harassment is
High only males or only females in certain job categories so that males and females don't have to work together in the same physical surroundings Tell managers to mention the problem to their subordinates Correct Provide training and then test for understanding of what constitutes sexual harassment*** Hire a public relations specialist to smooth things over when such harassment does occur
Which of the following statements about needs is true?
Higher-order needs will generally not motivate people as long as lower-order needs remain unsatisfied.
Anheuser Busch has increased its productivity in recent years by
Hiring people at lower wages Correct Applying new technologies*** Hiring fewer people Reducing the number of brewing plants it uses
the fastest-growing population group in the United States is:
Hispanic-Americans
Trade Barriers and Protectionism
Historically, governments have actively used trade barriers to make it much more difficult or expensive (or sometimes impossible) for you to buy imported goods. Protectionism is the use of trade barriers to protect local companies and their workers from foreign competition.
Which of the following statements about ISO 9000 is true?
ISO 9000 is a series of three standards for achieving consistency in quality management and quality assurance in U.S.-based organizations only. The ISO 9000 standards are specific and require companies who seek this certification to completely reorganize. Correct To become ISO 9000 certified, companies must show that they are following their own procedures.*** The ISO standards were created by the Industrial Service Organizations. All of these statements about ISO 9000 are true.
Briefly identify the four conditions that must be met if a firms resources are to be used to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage
Imperfectly Imitable resources: companies have tried to copy these resources unsuccessfully or are to expensive to reproduce. Rare resources: Resources that are hard to find valuable resources: resources that improve efficiency and effectiveness nonsubstituble resources: resources you cant swap out for another resource
Why do trade barriers and free trade agreements matter to consumers?
Increase: choices competition purchasing power Thus... Decrease price of: food,clothing,necessities,luxuries
A _______ strategy is a corporate strategy that addresses the question "How should we compete in this industry"
Industry-level
Concurrent control systems occur at the
Input stage Correct Transformation stage*** Output stage All of these are correct
An article on public libraries contained the following statement: "The Balanced Scorecard helps organize and run the library according to a specific strategic plan, while demonstrating the library's value to the community as a whole." When dealing with the customer area of the Balanced Scorecard, the article advised librarians to use customer surveys. Why might this be a poor strategy to use?
It could create information overload. Customer surveys are never reliable. Stakeholders should not be involved in the creation of a Balanced Scorecard. Results may only reveal halo effects. Correct Customer surveys are typically misleading, skewed to positive feedback.***
Identifying and prioritizing the learning needs of employees is called
Job analysis Job specification Job design Correct Needs assessment***
____ determines the number, kind, and variety of tasks that individual workers perform in their jobs.
Job design
____ is characterized by simple, easy-to-learn steps; low variety; and high repetition.
Job specialization
What is the most common strategic alliance
Joint Venture
is a ticket-based system that indicates when to reorder inventory.
Kanban
A competitive edge gained by a company's superior information technogy is sustained by
Keeping the process secret, known only to the organization's top executives Copyrighting the process Misinforming the public regarding the process Correct Continual investment in keeping the technology ahead of the competitors***
licensing dis:
Licensor gives up control over quality of the product or service sold by the foreign licensee Licensees can eventually become competitors
An expatriate is someone who ____
Lives and works outside of his or her own community.
The signing of the ____ created a regional trading zone in Europe.
Maastricht Treaty
The last step in effective planning is to _____
Maintain flexibility in planning
delegation of authority
Managers can exercise their authority directly by completing the tasks themselves, or they can choose to pass on some of their authority to subordinates. Delegation of authority is the assignment of direct authority and responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsible. -When a manager delegates work, three transfers occur. First, the manager transfers full responsibility for the assignment to the subordinate. Indeed, most managers have way too much to do. So, from a practical perspective, they can't assume new responsibilities that come with change and growth until they fully delegate old ones. -manager gives subordinate responsibility and authority and in return u have accountability Another problem is that managers often fear that the task won't be done as well if they don't do it themselves. Second, delegation transfers to the subordinate full authority over the budget, resources, and personnel needed to do the job. To do the job effectively, subordinates must have the same tools and information at their disposal that managers had when they were responsible for the same task. The third transfer that occurs with delegation is the transfer of accountability. The subordinate now has the authority and responsibility to do the job, and is then accountable for getting the job done. In other words, managers give subordinates their managerial authority and responsibility in exchange for results.
export dis:
Many exports are subject to tariff and nontariff barriers Transportation costs can increase price Companies may depend on foreign importers for product distribution
____ departmentalization is notorious for confusion and conflict between project managers in different areas of the organization.
Matrix
SMART guidlines
Measurable
The first step of the control process is
Measure actual performance Feedback Correct Establish standards of performance*** Compare actual performance to the standard
Balance between consistency and adaptation
Multinational companies struggle to find the correct balance between global consistency and local adaptation. If they lean too much toward global consistency, they run the risk of using management procedures poorly-suited to particular countries' markets, cultures, and employees. However, if companies focus too much on local adaptation, they run the risk of losing the cost efficiencies and productivity that result from using standardized rules and procedures throughout the world.
Canada, mexico, and the US belong to which regional trading zone
NAFTA
CHAPTER 15
NO TUTORIAL
Communicating with someone relative to non-job-related activities that may affect their performance is called
Networking Coaching Correct Counseling*** MBWA
When making travel plans many tourists have selected Thomas Cook.......
Nonsubstitutable
The ____ is a regional trade agreement that liberalizes trade between countries more than any other such agreement.
North American Free Trade Agreement
________ workers show better judgment, care more about the quality of their work, and are less likely to quit or be late or absent.
Older
Which of the following statements about employee turnover is true?
One of the best ways to discourage turnover is to link pay directly to performance.
There are three kinds of ____ plans. They are single-use plans, standing plans, and budgests
Operational
Which of the following is not one of the costs of inventory?
Ordering costs Holding costs Stockout costs Correct Packaging costs***
____ is the collection of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customer's value.
Organizational process
Hot Topic is a fast-growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic. Hot Topic's CEO Betsy McLaughlin relies on her employees to locate new trends. McLaughlin almost daily consults with her employees for suggestions on what the stores should carry. She relies on their input before making inventory decisions. McLaughlin uses the ____ style of management.
Participative
innovation streams
Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage
What is the name of the boss in the Dilbert cartoon?
Pointy-Hair Boss
Culture Differences
Power distance- extent to which ppl in a country accept that power in distributed unequally in society and org. ex: in Denmark, employees don't like org or boss to have power and tell them what to do Individualism-employees put loyalty to themselves first and loyalty to their company and work second Masculinity and femininity- m empahsize assertivness, competition, material success. f emphasize imp. of relationships, modesty, caring for weak Uncertainty avoidance - degree of ppl in country are uncomfortable with unstructured, ambiguous, unpredictable situations. strong uncertainly avoidance like Greece, ppl tend to be aggressive and emotional and seek security rather than uncertainty Short-term/long-term orientation- whether cultures are oriented to the present and seek immediate gratification or to the future and defer gratification. Country with ST are consumer driven, LT are saving driven USA- low LT orientation, medium uncertainty avoid, high masculinity, very high individualism, med power distance
External recruiting
Process of developing a pool of qualified job applicants from outside the company. Advertising Employee referrals Walk-ins Outside organizations Employment services Special events Internet job sites
is a tactic in which an advocacy group actively tries to convince consumers not to purchase a company's product or service
Product boycott
____ _____ is defined as a comparison of the relative cost of a standard set of goods and services in different countries. The growth potential of a given market is determined by its purchasing power and the strength of foreign competitors. Markets are most attractive when they have solid and growing purchasing power and relatively weak existing competition.
Purchasing power
A way to assure that potential employees know the exact working conditions they will be working in, interviewers should show them in the actual place they will be working. This method is called
Realistic job preview (RJP)
______may influence ethical codes but typically do not cover all of the possible ethical dilemmas faced by a company's employees.
Regulation
____ occurs when managers choose an alternative that is good enough, rather than the best possible alternative.
Satisficing
_______ occurs when managers choose an alternative that is good enough, rather than the best possible alternative.
Satisficing
Many orthopedic parts are almost identical in size and shape. Stryker Howmedica Osteonics in New Jersey used a semi-autonomous work group to develop Product Recognition Technology that makes sure parts are identified correctly and orders are filled correctly. What happened when the team reached the STORMING stage of team development?
Team members began to work together, and different personalities and work styles clashed.
Organizational Process
The collection of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customers value.
____ is a primary source of organizational culture.
The company's founder
Pay-variability decisions
The extent to which employees' pay varies with individual and company performance
Which of the following would suggest a team should not be used in the work setting?
The job can be done by individuals working interdependently Work performance can be rewarded for group effort Correct Resources are scarce*** Management does not control how work is done
Employee turnover
The loss of employees who choose to leave the company.
Functional
The most common organizational structure is functional departmentalization. Companies tend to use this structure when they are small or just starting out. Functional departmentalization organizes work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise. For example, a common set of functions would consist of accounting, sales, marketing, production, and human resources departments.
Blake and Mouton (Leadership Grid) concluded that
The most effective leaders were actually high in concern for people (1,9) The most effective leaders were actually high in concern for production (9,1) The most effective leaders were moderately concerned for both people and production (5, 5) Correct The most effective leaders were high in concern for both people and production (9,9)
Internal Recruiting
The process of developing a pool of qualified job applicants from people who already work within the company
flow
The psychological state of effortlessness in which you become absorbed in your work and time seems to pass quickly
National culture
The set of shared values and beliefs that affects the perceptions, decisions, and behavior of the people from a particular country. 1st step is to realize there are meaningful differences
(Tu) Encoding is
The source of information Correct translating thoughts or feelings into a medium that conveys the meaning intended*** the transfer of information and understanding from one person to another through meaningful symbols translating encoded messages into a form that has meaning to the receiver
Which of the following signs would indicate that a team is too small?
The team finds it difficult to come up with ideas or generate solutions to problems.
Organizational Structure
The vertical and horizontal configuration of departments, authority, and jobs within a company.
Some individuals may leave a team because
They are looking for a place where they receive more individual credit They do not have compatible skills with other team members Their values do not fit with the work team concept Correct All of these are correct***
Cohesive teams are more likely than less cohesiver teams to achieve assigned team goals, only if
They are used to working together They are more motivated Correct Their team goals are compatible with the goals assigned by the organization*** None of these are correct
____ generates awareness and acceptance of a group's purpose and mission and gets employees to see beyond their own needs and self-interest for the good of the group.
Transformational leadership
Background checks can be used to verify the truthfulness and accuracy of information that applicants provide about themselves.
True
Cognitive conflict is strongly associated with improvements in team performance, and affective conflict is strongly associated with decreases in team performance.
True
Companies are making greater use of teams because teams have been shown to increase (1) customer satisfaction, (2) product and service quality, (3) speed and efficiency in product development, and (4) employee job satisfaction.
True
Conflicts and disagreements often characterize the second stage of team development, which is called storming.
True
Cross-functional teams are purposefully composed of employees from different functional areas of the organization.
True
Human resource management (HRM) is the process of finding, developing, and keeping the right people for the company.
True
If an HR manager were allowed to use just one selection test, cognitive ability tests would be the one to use.
True
In general, skill-based pay is most effective for managing the performance of self-managing and self-directing teams.
True
Job analyses, job descriptions, and job specifications help companies meet the legal requirement that their human resource decisions be job-related.
True
Job analysis is a purposeful and systematic process of collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job.
True
Since interviews are especially good at assessing applicants' interpersonal skills, they work especially well together with cognitive ability tests, where the combination leads to even better selection decisions than using either alone.
True
Training provides opportunities for employees to develop the job-specific skills, experience, and knowledge they need to do their jobs or improve their performance.
True
Virtual teams are often, but not necessarily, temporary teams that are set up to accomplish a specific task.
True
The three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin are
Unfreezing, change intervention and refreezing
Starbucks, the operator of Starbucks coffehouses, also markets a line of compilation CDS under the brand name hear music, The making and marketing of these CDs would be an example of
Unrelated diversification
A team that has members drawn from different functional areas of the organization is called a
Virtual team Project team Self-managing team Correct Cross-functional team***
A ____ is a statement of a company's purpose or reason for existing
Vision
the trade agreement that represented the most signicant change to the regulations governing global trade during the 1990s was the___
WTO
generational change
What allows the old and newer versions of the same technological design to coexist in the marketplace?
compression approach to innovation
What approach assumes that innovation is a predictable process that can be planned in steps ?
experiential approach
What approach can be used during times of discontinuous change?
compression approach
What approach can be used during times of incremental change?
Compression approach
What approach is used when there is a dominant design?
not establishing a great enough sense of energy & not creating a powerful enough guiding coalition
What are 2 errors made when unfreezing?
self-interest, misunderstanding and distrust, and a general intolerance for change
What are 3 things that cause resistance?
lacking of vision, undercommunicating the vision by a factor of 10, not removing obstacles to the new vision, & not systematically planning for and creating short-term wins
What are 4 errors made when in the change step of managing resistance to change?
declaring a victory too soon & not anchoring changes in the corporation's culture
What are the 2 errors made when refreezing?
supplants the sole emphasis on activity with a laser-like focus on quickly measuring and improving results; managers introduce changes in procedures, philosophy, or behavior only if they are likely to improve measured performance; & quick, visible improvements motivate employees to continue to make additional changes to improve measured performance
What are the 3 advantages of results-driven change?
intuition, flexible options, & hands-on experience
What are the 3 keys to product innovation?
organizational, supervisory, and work group
What are the 3 kinds of encouragement in a creative work environment?
large system, small group, and person-focused
What are the 3 kinds of organizational development interventions?
planning, supplier involvement, shortening the time of individual steps, overlapping steps, and multifunctional teams
What are the five parts to the compression approach to innovation?
computer-aided design (CAD)
What is one of the most common ways to shorten time of individual steps in the compression approach?
Cooperative Contracts
When an organization decides to expand its business globally, but does not want to make large financial commitments to do so, it will sign a cooperative contract with a foreign business owner, who pays the company a fee for the right to conduct that business in his or her country. There are two kinds of cooperative contracts: licensing and franchising.
Finding the best climate
When going global, companies try to find countries or regions with promising business climates. An attractive global business climate positions the company for easy access to growing markets, is an effective but cost-efficient place to build an office or manufacturing site, and minimizes the political risk to the company. -access to growing market -location to build -min political risk
Global New Ventures
With sales, employees, and financing in different countries, global new ventures are new companies founded with an active global strategy. -Although there are several kinds of global new ventures, all share two common factors. First, the company founders successfully develop and communicate the company's global vision. Second, rather than going global one country at a time, new global ventures bring a product or service to market in several foreign markets at the same time.
The trade agreement that represented the most significant change to the regulations governing global trade during the 1990s was the ____.
World Trade Organization
what is social responsibility
a business' obligation to pursue policies, make decisions, and take actions that benefit society
interorganizational process
a collection of activites that occur among companies to transform inputs into outputs that customers value when you buy a Liz Claiborne outfit, you are buying from the suppliers and not Liz Clairborne
transformational leadership
a combination of charisma, inspirational leadership, and intellectual stimulation. it is especially critical to the revitalization of existing business organizations. a transformational leader helps organizations and people make positive changes in the way they do things by developing new visions for the organization and mobilizing employees to accept and work toward attaining these visions
training design
a comparison of job analysis results to performance weakness for the purpose od designing appropriate training programs or activities
organizational change
a difference in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time
The auto industry has been perfecting the internal combustion engine (ICE) for some 120 years. The Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV), a cooperative program between the Big Three and the U.S. government to replace ICEs with electric engines, has been operating since 1993. The internal combustion engine (ICE) is an example of ____.
a dominant design
According to the text, which of the following is a pitfall of planning?
a false sense of certainty based on faulty assumptions
according to the text, which of the following is a pitfall of planning
a false sense of certainty based on faulty assumptions
pitfall of planning
a false sense of certainty based on faulty assumptions
The European Union (EU) bans the importation of hormone-fed U.S. beef and bioengineered corn and soybeans on safety grounds. This ban is so consumers in the EU will buy domestic beef and products made from domestically produced corn and soybeans. This ban is an example of ____.
a government import standard
Former female employees of a national real estate brokerage firm claimed that they were subjected to lewd remarks, unwanted groping, and sexual propositions by male co-workers. According to their attorney, "The firm created a frat-house culture and then failed to do anything about it." Their suit claims the women were victims of ____.
a hostile work environment
Former female employees of a national real estate brokerage firm claimed that they were subjected to lewd remarks, unwanted groping, and sexual propositions by male co-workers. According to their attorney, "The firm created a frat-house culture and then failed to do anything about it." Their suit claims the women were victims of ____.
a hostile work environment
Matrix departmentalization
a hyrbid structure in which two or more forms of deparmentalization are used together; most common matirx cmobines the product and functional forms of deparmentalization Ex: Procter & Gamble
Robert Mondavi Wineries entered into an agreement with Baron Philippe de Rothschild, owner of Boreaux's First Growth chateau, to produce a top quality wine in California. The two companies working together to create a new product is an example of ____.
a joint venture
contingency leadership
a leader with a relationship-oriented style develops strong ties with followers. a leader with a task-oriented style structures the job and closely monitors employee behavior. success depends on matching a leader's style with the following situational demands
A company decided to reduce its inventory by lowering their prices. The plan to get rid of excessive inventory was so successful that the company found itself completely sold out in just a couple of days. In other words, The company experienced ____.
a loss of amortization negative sales Correct a stockout*** aggregated turnover negative turnover
it is certainly easy to believe that employees with____receive more supervisor support because they are more socially oriented, likable, and upbeat
a low degree of authoritarianism
feedback/corrective control (outputs)
a mechanism for gathering information about performance deficiencies after they occur. it is designed to discover undesirable output and implement corrective action
concurrent control (transformation process)
a mechanism for gathering information about performance deficiencies as they occur in the transformation process. it is designed to monitor ongoing activities to ensure that the transformation process is functioning properly and achieving the desired results
feedforward/ preventative control (inputs)
a mechanism for gathering information about potential performance deficiencies before they occur. it is designed to ensure that the quality of inputs is high enough to prevent problems in the transformation process
Departmentalization
a method of subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units that take responsibilities for completing particular tasks
Departmentalization
a method of subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units that take responsibility for completing particular tasks.
Career path
a planned sequence of jobs through which employees may advance within an organization. For example, a person who starts as a sales representative may move up to sales manager and then to district or regional sales manager
relevant labor market
a population of people most likely to have skills related to performing the job for which a company has openings
Job posting
a procedure for advertising job openings within the company to existing employees.
process layout
a process orientation is typical in operations that have many lines of products or services. common process layouts include the job-shop production system and project systems
product/service layout
a product or service orientation layout is common in companies that offer only one (or very few) product lines. common product or service orientation layouts are assembly lines and continuous-flow systems
which of the following is an example of an intrinsic reward
a sense of achievement
job specifications
a statement of the personal characteristics and skills needed by an employee to perform the job
A company decided to reduce its inventory by lowering their prices. The plan to get rid of excessive inventory was so successful that the company found itself completely sold out in just a couple of days. In other words, the company experienced ____
a stockout
balance sheet
a summary of an organization's financial position at a given point in time, showing assets, liabilities, and owner's equity. by monitoring assets and liabilities, the company maintains financial stability
Job specification
a summary of the qualifications needed to successfully perform a job
several arab countrying boycott coke products because they distribute in israel
a trade barrier
Which of the following is a component of a book publisher's general environment & will indirectly influence how it does business
a trend toward less leisure time
Which of the following is a component of a book publisher's general environment and will indirectly influence how it does business?
a trend toward less leisure time
which of the following companies is most likely operating in a dynamic environment
a video game manufacturer
Job description
a written description of the basic tasks, duties, and responsibilities required of an employee holding a particular job
job description
a written description of the job duties, tasks, and responsibilities and hoe they are to be preformed
David Dworkin is the founder of a small atlanta based chain of retail shores called Swoozies... Dworkin has a need for ________
achievement
United Fruit Company is the owner of the Chiquita brand of bananas. United Fruit emphasized how the fruit was to be picked and packed for transportation and shows no concern for the workers. United Fruit can be considered using _____ type of managing.
achievement charisma consideration Correct initiating structure*** vision
The founder and CEO of a medical products distributor, establishes ambitious goals for his employees and is confident that they will be able to achieve these goals. In terms of the path-goal theory, this founder and CEO is exhibiting a(n) _____ type of leadership.
achievement-oriented
according to the path-goal theory of leadership, ______ means setting challenging goals, having high expectations of employees......
achievement-oriented leadership
which of the following is one of the steps in the process that mangers use to make sense of their changing environments
acting on threats and opportunities
An ____ lists the specific steps, people, resources, and time period for accomplishing a goal
action plan
______ is a technique of assuming half the responsibility for successful communication by actively giving the speaker nonjudgmental feedback that shows you've accurately heard what he or she said
active listening
change focuses primarily on changing company procedures, management philosophy, or employee behavior
activity-oriented
henri foyal is responsable for developing
administrative management
matrix adv & Dis
adv: -Efficiently manage large, complex tasks -Pool of available resources dis: -Requires high levels of coordination -Conflict between bosses -Requires high levels of management skills violates unity of command The primary advantage of matrix departmentalization is that it allows companies to efficiently manage large, complex tasks like researching, developing, and marketing pharmaceuticals. Efficiency comes from avoiding duplication. For example, rather than having an entire marketing function for each project, the company simply assigns and reassigns workers from the marketing department as they are needed at various stages of product completion. More specifically, an employee from a department may simultaneously be part of five different ongoing projects, but may only be actively completing work on a few projects at a time. Another advantage is the ability to carry out large, complex tasks. Because of the ability to quickly pull in expert help from all the functional areas of the company, matrix project managers have a much more diverse set of expertise and experience at their disposal than do managers in the other forms of departmentalization. The primary disadvantage of matrix departmentalization is the high level of coordination required to manage the complexity involved with running large, ongoing projects at various levels of completion. Matrix structures are notorious for confusion and conflict between project bosses, or between project and functional bosses. Disagreements or misunderstanding about project schedules, budgets, available resources, and the availability of employees with particular functional expertise are common. Another disadvantage is that matrix structures require much more management skill than the other forms of departmentalization. Because of these problems, many matrix structures evolve from the simple matrix, in which project and functional managers negotiate conflicts and resources, to the complex matrix, in which specialized matrix managers and departments are added to the organizational structure. In the complex matrix, project and functional managers report to the same matrix manager, who helps them sort out conflicts and problems.
Customer Adv & Dis
adv: -organizes work and workers into separate units -responsible for particular kinds of customers. Dis: -Duplication of resources -Difficult to coordinate across departments -Efforts to please customers may hurt the company The primary advantage to customer departmentalization is that it focuses the organization on customer needs rather than on products or business functions. Furthermore, creating separate departments to serve specific kinds of customers allows companies to specialize and adapt their products and services to customer needs and problems. The primary disadvantage of customer departmentalization is that, like product departmentalization, it leads to duplication of resources. Furthermore, like product departmentalization, it can be difficult to achieve coordination across different customer departments. Finally, the emphasis on meeting customers' needs may lead workers to make decisions that please customers but hurt the business.
Product Adv & Dis
adv: -Managers specialize, but have broader experiences -Easier to assess work-unit performance -Decision-making is faster Dis: -Duplication of activities -Difficult to coordinate across departments One of the advantages of product departmentalization is that, like functional departmentalization, it allows managers and workers to specialize in one area of expertise. However, unlike the narrow expertise and experiences in functional departmentalization, managers and workers develop a broader set of experiences and expertise related to an entire product line. Likewise, product departmentalization makes it easier for top managers to assess work-unit performance. Finally, because managers and workers are responsible for the entire product line rather than for separate functional departments, decision-making should be faster, because there are fewer conflicts (compared to functional departmentalization). The primary disadvantage of product departmentalization is duplication. For example, you can see in Figure 9.4 that the Otis Elevators and Pratt & Whitney Divisions both have duplication of departments, such as customer service, engineering, human resource, etc. Duplication like this often results in higher costs. A second disadvantage is that it can be difficult to achieve coordination across the different product departments. For example, United Technologies would probably have difficulty standardizing its policies and procedures in product departments as different as the Carrier and Sikorsky divisions.
wholly owned adv: & dis:
adv: Parent company receives all of the profits and has complete control dis: Expense of building new operations or buying existing business Losses can be immense if the venture fails
______ is unintentional discrimination in which there is a substantially different rate of selection in hiring, promotion, or other employment decisions that works to the disadvantage of members of a particular race, sex, age, ethnicity, or protected group
adverse impact
is unintentional discrimination in which there is a substantially different rate of selection in hiring, promotion, or other employment decisions that works to the disadvantage of members of a particular race, sex, age, ethnicity, or protected group.
adverse impact
Four-fifths rule
adverse impact occurs if the decision rate for a protected group of people is less than 80% of the decision rate for a nonprotected group.
Before beginning to recruit, organizations must ____.
advertise for job candidates create a job description Correct conduct a job analysis*** create a job specification match salaries to industry averages
Unlike ____, which punishes companies for not achieving specific gender and race differences in their work forces, ____ programs seek to benefit both organizations and their employees by encouraging organizations to value all kinds of differences.
affirmative action; diversity
unlike ____, which punishes companies for not achieving specific gender and race differences in their work forces, ____ programs seek to benefit both organizations and their employees by encouraging organizations to value all kinds of differences
affirmative action; diversity
refers to the degree to which someone is cooperative, polite, flexible, forgiving, good natured, tolerant, and trusting
agreeableness
To which of the following aspects of the human resource management process does U.S. Federal employment law apply?
all of the above
WHy do trade barriers and free trade agreements matter to consumers? theyre important because
all of the above
To which of the following aspects of the human resource management process does U.S. Federal employment law apply?
all of these
Which of the following factors should be considered when choosing an office/manufacturing location in the Brazilian market for a U.S. company that operates cinemas and wants to open a chain of movie theatres there?
all of these
Which of the following is an advantage associated with the use of project teams?
all of these
Which of the following is one of the ways in which training can be evaluated?
all of these
as a result of making greater use of work teams, many leading companies have experienced:
all of these
which of the following is an external recruiting method
all of these
which of the following is an organization impediment to creativity in a work environment
all of these
The manager of a company that produces a soy-based sausage wants to conduct a competitive analysis. During this competitive analysis, he should look at
all of these (chapter 3 quiz)
which of the following is an organizational impediment to creativity in a work environment
all of these (chapter 7 quiz)
which of the following is a reason teamwork can be more satisfying than traditional work
all of these are reasons why (chapter 10)
which of the following statements about ISO 9000 is true?
all of these statements about ISO 9000 are true (chapter 18)
functional departmentalization
allows work to be done by highly qualified specialists
job characteristics model
an approach to job redesign that seeks to formulate jobs in ways that motivate workers and lead to postive work outcomes redesigning jobs->core job characteristics->critical psychological states->personal and work outcomes
A country or region that has an attractive business climate for companies that want to go global has ____.
an effective but cost-efficient place to build an office or manufacturing site
virtual organization
an organization that is part of a network in which many companies share skills, costs, and capabilities marketing and customers to collectively solve customer problems
modular organizations
an organzaiton that outsources noncore business activities to outside companies suppliers, specialists, or consultants
leaderless group discussion,
another common assessment center exercise, a group of six applicants is given approximately two hours to solve a problem, but no one is put in charge (hence the name "leaderless" group discussion)
Vertical Structure
answers questions such as "who reports to whom?", "who does that?", "where is the work done?"
All job applicants for a position in an interior design company were given 10 swatches of fabrics of different colors and textures, 30 different paint chips, and 6 different floor treatments. They were then told to select the best fabric, paint, and floor treatment for an office. What type of selection test was used in this example?
aptitude testing
Virtual teams ____.
are also called illusionary focus groups Correct are very flexible*** require all communication among group members to be sent through a senior manager who acts as a filter are always self-managing teams regularly meet face-to-face in informal group meetings
Renovation of a street and sidewalk was supposed to be finished in October yet wet weather prolonged the rebuilding until the middle of December. The local retailers, on that street, blamed the city for their low December holiday sales. If you agree with this analysis of why sales were poor, then you ____.
are experiencing the halo effect do not believe in attribution theory Correct have a defensive bias*** have a reactive bias are experiencing perceptual empathy
Managers often prefer to use business confidence indices ____.
as predictors of future economic activity when making business decisions
Background questions
ask applicants about their work experience, education, and other qualifications ("Tell me about the training you received at . . .").
Job-knowledge questions
ask applicants to demonstrate their job knowledge (e.g., nurses might be asked, "Give me an example of a time when one of your patients had a severe reaction to a medication. How did you handle it?").
Behavioral questions
ask applicants what they did in previous jobs that were similar to the job for which they are applying ("In your previous jobs, tell me about . . ."). These questions are more appropriate for hiring experienced individuals
managers can motivate employees to increase their efforts by
asking employees what their needs are then matching rewards to those needs
managers can motivate employees to increase their efforts by ______.
asking employees what their needs are then matching rewards to those needs.
Organizational Process
asks "how do things get done?"
1st step in strategy making process is to
asses the need for strategic change
delegation of authority
assignment of direct authority and responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsibile
generational change
assumes that innovation is a predictable process, that incremental innovation can be planned using a series of steps, and that compressing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation
In the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, increased effort (i.e., money, research and development) brings only small improvements in technological performance
at both the beginning and end of the cycle
the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, increased effort (i.e., money, research and development) brings only small improvements in technological performance
at both the beginning and end of the cycle
in the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, small amounts of effort will result in significant increases in performance
at the midpoint of the cycle
In the perceptual process, _____ is the process of noticing or becoming aware of particular stimuli.
attention
Uganda is one of only two countries in the world that produce a mineral required in the manufacturing of cellular phones. A company which mines that rare mineral decided to not invest in the country due to a bloody civil war resulting from a change in rulers. The mining company used a(n) ____.
avoidance strategy
the 2 basic types of diversity training programs
awareness training and skill-based diversity training
the two basic types of diversity training programs are
awareness training and skills-based diversity training
___________ are procedures used to verify the truthfulness and accuracy of information that applicants provide about themselves and to uncover negative, job-related background information not provided by applicants.
background check
A study in the construction industry found that when equipment is stolen from building sites, workers are the culprits 82 percent of the time. Which type of selection information would employers in the construction industry receive the greatest benefit from if their goal is to stop employee theft?
background checks
______ are procedures used to verify the truthfulness and accuracy of information that applicants provide about themselves and to uncover negative, job-related background information not provided by applicants.
background checks
are procedures used to verify the truthfulness and accuracy of information that applicants provide about themselves and to uncover negative, job related background information not provided by applicants
background checks
______ is a control method that encourages managers to look beyond traditional measures to evaluate four different perspectives on company performance.
balanced scorecard
according to Michael Porter, 5 industry forces determine an industry's overall attractiveness and potential for long-term profitability. Which of the following is one of those forces Porter identified
bargaining power of suppliers
to improve traditional performance appraisal feedback sessions, it is recommended that managers
base performance appraisal feedback on self-appraisals
which of the following is an example of a subjective performance measure?
behavioral observation scales
BARS
behaviorally anchored rating scales. for each task, statements that describe the employee'e performance are presented. the manager selects the statement that best describes the employee's performance for that task.
______ allows a trucking company not only to compare its safety performance with other companies but to also adopt those practices found to be superior...
benchmarking
Companies may determine standards by ____.
benchmarking other companies
The International Gay Rodeo Association (IGRA) began in 1976. By the end of the 1980s, gay rodeos were being held in more than a dozen states, and today there are 24 chapters that have raised millions for charity. But even the IGRA is not exempt from concerns about discrimination. To avoid claims of ____, straights are allowed to participate in all IGRA events.
bona fide discrimination Correct disparate treatment*** gender selectivity quid pro quo selectivity hostile impact
The fact that a 98-pound job candidate is not hired as a dock worker to move 60-pound boxes of produce is legal as a result of .
bona fide occupational qualifications (BFOQ)
the fact that a 98-pound job candidate is not hired as a dock worker to move 60-pound boxes of produce is legal as a result of
bona fide occupational qualifications (BFOQs)
Compensation includes
both the financial and the nonfinancial rewards that organizations give employees in exchange for their work.
When the local fast-food restaurant manager caught one of her employees giving free food to his friends, she fired him on the spot. When another employee stayed late after work one night to help a woman start her car, the manager rewarded him. What type of control did the restaurant manager use in these two instances?
bureaucratic
______ control is top-down control in which managers to try to influence employee behavior by rewarding or punishing employees for compliance or noncompliance with organizational policies, rules, and procedures
bureaucratic
With ____, teams no longer have to go through the frustratingly slow process of multilevel reviews and signoffs to get management approval before making changes.
bureaucratic immunity
how do employees try to restore equity when they perceive that they have been treated unfairly?
by doing any of these (Chapter 13)
Measure actual performance
by measuring actual performance, an organization knows if it is successful, and to what level, and howl to improve success. an important consideration is what to measure and how frequently to measure it. what to measure and its frequency inputs and require preliminary controls
A leading coatings and paints manufacturer established a team made up of members from various departments to increase plant availability and decrease plant downtime. The plant loses considerable time daily because the assembly line has to be cleaned whenever the production schedule calls for a different color or type of paint to be produced. This cross-functional team needs to avoid ____ conflict if it hopes to be successful.
c-type Correct affective*** behavioral cognitive b-type
What type of job interview might be used after a background question revealed the applicant had spent three years working in Africa convincing parents to allow their children to take polio vaccine?
canned Correct semistructured*** tangential creative programmed
Which of the following is an internal recruiting method?
career paths
which of the following is an internal recruiting method
career paths
Which of the following is a common type of rating error to which managers are prone in the performance appraisal process?
central tendency error
According to an Indian Cardinal by the name of Varkey Vithayathil, the greatest weakness of the Catholic Church is the way papal authority is exercised without the participation of those concerned. His eminence Cardinal Vithayathil is criticizing the fact that the Catholic Church relies on ____.
centralization of authority
Organizational authority is traditionally characterized by ____.
chain of command
organizational authority is traditionally characterized is traditionally characterized by:
chain of command
Preparation for international assignment
chances for success in an international assignment can be increased through language and cross-cultural training and consideration of spouse, family, and dual-career issues. -pre-departure language and cross cultural training is helpful. 3 methods: documentary training( critical diff between cultures ex: don't look person in eye), cultural simulations ( practice adapting cultural differences), field simulation ( places trainees in ethnic neighborhoods for 3 to 4 hrs to talk to residents) -adaptability screening is used to assess how well managers and their families are likely to adjust to foreign cultures
a company has experienced organizational _____ when it form, quality, or condition changes over time
change
Which of the following is a skill typically associated with managerial roles?
change inspiring Correct problem-solving*** long-term focus
A ______ is the individual who is formally in charge of guiding a change effort
change agent
Tom Valerio was the point man on a major push to reinvent CIGNA Property & Casualty. His vision for CIGNA was to become a top-quartile, specialist property and casualty company. It was a radical proposition. Valerio was a(n) ____.
change agent
is the individual who is formally in charge of guiding a change effort
change agent
according to Kurt Lewin, _____ lead to differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time, while ____ supports the status quo, or the existing state of conditions in an organization
change forces; resistance forces
Which of the following is NOT one of the basic methods for managing resistance to change?
change simulation
organic organizations
characertized by broadly defined jobs and responsibility lossely defined, frequently changing roles; and decentralized authority and horizontal communication based on task knowledge; works best in dynamic, changing business environments; concerned with organization process
mechanistic organizations
characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities; percisely defined, unchanging roles, and a rigid chain of command based on centralized authority and vertical communication; works best in stable, unchanging business environments; concerned with organization structure
(Tu) Which of the following characteristics is typically associated with transformational leaders?
charismatic visionary action oriented Correct all of these are correct***
The 1993 stand-off between federal agents and people inside the Branch Dividian compound at Waco, Texas, resulted in the deaths of approximately 80 Branch Dividians, including leader David Koresh who declared himself the new messiah. Koresh used ________ to create strong relationships between him and his followers who were willing to die for him.
charismatic leadership
the two types of visionary leadership are
charismatic leadership transformational leadership
the two types of visionary leadership are _____
charismatic leadership and transformational leadership
transformational : transformational leader
charismatic, visionary, energetic, action oriented, stimulating, trustworthy influences by: personal charm, magnetism, inspiration, emotion
Planning is ultimately based upon ____.
choosing a goal and developing a method or strategy to achieve that goal
Planning is ultimately based upon ______
choosing a goal and developing a method or strategy to achieve that goal
Planning is based upon
choosing a goal and developing a method or strategy to achieve that goal.
In empathetic listening, ____ is important because it demonstrates that you understand the speaker's emotions.
clarifying responses Correct reflecting feelings*** paraphrasing summarizing listening attribution
which of the following is NOT one of the core job characteristics in the job characteristics model (JCM)
client relatinships
______ is the tendency to fill in gaps of missing info by assuming that what we don't know is consistent with what we already know
closure
is the tendency to fill in gaps of missing information by assuming that what we don't know is consistent with what we already know.
closure
the two primary types of grapevine communications networks are
cluster and gossip
______ is a kind of one-on-one communication used by managers to improve an employee's on the job performance or behavior
coaching
is a kind of one-on-one communication used by managers to improve an employee's on-the-job performance or behavior.
coaching
Which of the following methods for managing resistance tho change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions
coercion
which of the following methods for managing resistance to change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions
coercion
According to the text, if an employer were to use only one type of selection test, ____ would be the one to use.
cognitive ability tests
Which of the following types of tests accurately predicts job performance in almost all kinds of jobs?
cognitive ability tests
which of the following types of tests accurately predicts job performance in almost all kinds of jobs
cognitive ability tests
which of the following types of conflict is most strongly associated with improvements in team performance
cognitive conflict
how would you respond to the following statement? "Group conflict is always bad."
cognitive conflict is strongly associated with improvements in team performance
_____ is the extent to which team members are attracted to a team and motivated to remain with it.
cohesiveness
___is the extent to which team members are attracted to a team and motivated to remain in it
cohesiveness
is the extent to which team members are attracted to a team and motivated to remain with it
cohesiveness
Franchise
collection of networked firms in which the manufacturer or marketer of a product or service, the franchisor, licenses the entire business to another person or organization, the franchisee. largest franchise in world is McDonalds adv: fast way into market, gives franchisor add cash flows from franchisee fees and royalties, franchising can be a good strategy when a company domestic sales have slowed dis: loss of control when they sell businesses to franchisees who are miles away, franchisee could be shortening the cash register, also culture differences ( ex: Chinese didnt like subway b/c tuna didnt have tail on it) Franchise- u have to cook it a certain way, still have rules. Have to manage what ppl do with it
Strategic alliances and Joint Venture
combine key resources, costs, risks, technology, and people. The most common strategic alliance is a joint venture, which occurs when two existing companies collaborate to form a third company. The two founding companies remain intact and unchanged, except that, together, they now own the newly created joint venture adv: avoid tariff and nontariff barriers, bear only part of the cost and risk dis: share profit , diff b/c merging of diff cultures
Referent and Expert power
commitment response from followers. followers are enthusiastic and motivated to meet leader's requests
Virtual organization
companies share skills, costs, capabilities, markets, and customers with each other -99% of org. is outsourced, u dont do ur own purchasing, advertising, product design etc. ex: nike.. they dont own any factories or do their own advertising etc. - unlike modular, in which outside org are tightly linked to one central company, virtual work with some companies in the network alliances, but now with all. like potluck dinner, bring finest food dish but eat only what they want - modular tend to be stable and longer lasting than virtual
Local Adaptation
company policy to modify its standard operating procedures to adapt to differences in foreign customers, governments, and regulatory agencies. Local adaptation is typically more important to local managers who are charged with making the international business successful in their countries.
Employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs)
compensate employees by awarding them shares of company stock in addition to their regular compensation
affirmative action programs are typically designed to _____
compensate for past discrimination
affirmative action programs are typically designed to:
compensate for past discrimination
The term ____ refers to both the financial and nonfinancial rewards organizations give employees in exchange for their work.
compensation
The term ______ refers to both the financial and nonfinancial rewards organizations give employees in exchange for their work.
compensation
the term _____ refers to both the financial and nonfinancial rewards organizations give employees in exchange for their work.
compensation
The highly fragmented chemical industry in Europe has experienced decreasing profits in an industry reluctance to change the way it conducts business, especially in how it competes against lower-priced U.S. imports. This is an example of ____.
competitive inertia
an organization is experiencing ____ when it is reluctant to change strategies or competitive practices that have been successful in the past
competitive inertia
an organizations is experencing____ when it is reluctant to change strategies
competitive intertia
In a(n) ____, managers from different parts of the matrix report to matrix managers who help them sort out problems and conflicts.
complex matrix
Legitimate and Reward power
compliance response from followers. followers do only the minimal that leader requests
Forms of Global Business
compnay makes transition from domestic to global in these sequential phases: exporting--cooperative contracts--strategic alliances--wholly owned affiliates each step company gets larger and less dependent on home country sales those who do not follow the phase model are known as global new ventures
type of team: virtual teams
composed of geographically and/or organizationally dispersed co-workers who use telecommunications and information technologies to accomplish an organizational task. members come from different departments, different levels, and perhaps different locations
In the perceptual process, ____ is the process of incorporating new information into your existing knowledge.
comprehension Correct organization*** interpretation retention attention
the ___ approach to managing innovation assumes that inocation is a predictable process
compression
the ability to perform _____ increases in its importance to success as managers' rise through the managerial ranks.
conceptual skills
Which skills increase in their importance to success as managers' rise through the managerial ranks?
conceptual skills and the motivation to manage
_______ control is a method of gathering info about performance deficiencies as they occur
concurrent
(Tu) Feedforward is also known as
concurrent control corrective control Correct preventive control*** all of the above
the three basic control methods are ______
concurrent control, feedback control, feedforward control
Before beginning to recruit, organizations must ____.
conduct a job analysis
in terms of leadership behavior, the term _____ refers to the extent to which a leader is friendly, approachable, supportive, and shows concern for employees.
consideration
a company decided to solicit _____ from the company's best customers. From the info gathered, the company learned that it needed to modify its invoice form and that the sales staff needed to engage in more follow up
constructive feedback
Mass distributors lowered prices substantially to sell increased volumes of hardware products, and hardware stores managed the ____ costs of maintaining larger than needed inventories by including them as overhead.
containment stockout Correct holding*** amortization setup
W.L. Gore is the company that created Gore-Tex among many other innovative products. W.L. Gore employees (known as associates) don't have titles or bosses in the traditional sense. Instead, associates make commitments to work on projects that they believe are most worthy of their time. At W.L. Gore, few leaders are appointed; leaders simply emerge as needed by the other employees or the project itself. The Gore company more than likely adheres to the _____ theory of leadership.
contingency
_____ is the regulatory process of establishing standards that will achieve organizational goals, comparing actual performance to those standards, and then, if necessary taking corrective action to restore performance to those standards
control
the term ____ refers to the overal organizational strategy
coporate level strategy
in any organization, the ___ are the less visible, internal decision making routines, problem solving processes, and organizational cultures that determine how efficiently inputs can be turned into outputs
core capabilities
Home depot opened stores in canada
cost leadership
The primary disadvantage of using wholly owned affiliates as the means of entering a foreign market is ____.
costs
_______ is communication with someone about non-job related issues that may be affecting or interfering with the person's performance
counseling
is communication with someone about non-job-related issues that may be affecting or interfering with the person's performance.
counseling
Frederick Taylor is famous for
creating the principles of scientific management
Frederick Taylor is famous for____.
creating the principles of scientific management
_____ are workpace cultures in which workers percieve that new ideas are welcomed
creative work envinronment
______ are workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged.
creative work enviornments
are workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged
creative work environment
__ refers to the production of novel and useful ideas
creativity
_____ refers to the production of novel and useful ideas
creativity
refers to the production of novel and useful ideas
creativity
the ____ is purposefully composed of employees from different functional areas of the organization
cross-functional team
The Green Giant consumer products company learned that it could not use their Jolly Green Giant character in parts of Asia where a green hat worn by a man signifies that he has an unfaithful wife. This is an example of a(n) ____ that influenced global marketing.
cultural difference
A manufacturer of acrylic and latex gloves sells to medical laboratories, to factories where employees handle chemicals, to companies that manufacture micro-tech equipment, and to cleaning services. Because it is organized to better satisfy the needs of each of its four target markets, the manufacturer uses ____ departmentalization.
customer
A manufacturer of acrylic, latex, and nitrile gloves sells to medical laboratories, to factories where employees handle chemicals, to companies that manufacture micro-tech equipment, and to cleaning services because it is organized to better satisfy the needs of each of its four target markets, the manufacturer uses ___
customer
large accounting agencies typically have separate departments that deal with households, businesses, and governments. this allows them to better serve the needs of their clients by using ____ departmentalization
customer
The three principles that characterize TMQ are continuous improvements, teamwork, and _____
customer focus and satisfaction
a technology ____ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends with that technology reaches its limits and dies as it is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology
cycle
design iteration
cycle of repetition in which a company tests a prototype of a new product or service, improves on the design, and then builds and tests the improved product or service prototype
n the stages of team development, a team moves from growth to decline during the ____ stage.
de-norming
An Indian Catholic Cardinal's call for local church leaders to have more power and for papal authority to be distributed to lower levels within the Catholic hierarchy has elicited agreement from other church leaders in India. He also asserted that bishops should not have "to run to Rome for everything" and that canon law should be modified to allow the pope to share his authority. Vithayathil is calling for ____.
decentralization
product/service mix and design
decisions about what products or services to provide will determine what inputs (resources) are required, what processes will be required to transform the inputs into the products or services, and how customers will respond to the finished products and services
according to John Kotter, which of the following actions will adversely influence refreezing efforts
declaring victory too soon
The marketing manager of a company that manufactures church furniture has been given the job of increasing corporate profits by 5 percent during the upcoming year. The manager decided to give his assistant the full responsibility and authority for developing a mailing campaign to target churches on the Mississippi Gulf Coast. In other words, the marketing manager has ____.
delegated the task
_____assigns direct authority and responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsible
delegation of authority
type of team: formal (team)
deliberately formed by the organization to accomplish specific tasks and achieve goals. members often come from the same department
Economic value added (EVA) is so important because it ____.
demonstrates the importance of a business or subset of a business to customers Correct makes managers at all levels pay much closer attention to how they run their segment of the business*** causes managers and workers to maintain the status quo determines if a business or unit of a business is a star, question mark, cash cow, or dog and the necessary action to follow is an improved form of the Balanced Scorecard approach to control
As a consequence of the Industrial Revolution and its emphasis on specialization, institutions providing higher education developed strict departments that contained specialized functions. This organizational structure was perceived as a way to enhance the accumulation and dissemination of knowledge. Institutions providing higher education have traditionally used ____.
departmentalization
Kimberly-Clark is subdivided into organizational units called Kimberly-Clark Health Care, which provides products to hospitals, Kimberly-Clark Professional, which sells to businesses, and Kimberly-Clark Consumer, which sells the company's products to customers. From this information, you know that Kimberly-Clark uses ____.
departmentalization
______ is a general term that refers to subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units that are responsible for completing particular tasks
departmentalization
is a general term that refers to subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units that are responsible for completing particular tasks
departmentalization
first step of managing innovation during discontinuous change
design iteration
management development
designed to improve the ethnical, interpersonal, and concept; skills of supervisors, manages, and executives. may include job rotation, classroom training, simulations, role playing, and case study projects, and interactive video
Which one of the following traits refers to high levels of effort and is characterized by achievement, motivation, ambition, energy, tenacity, and initiative?
desire to lead motivational cues Correct Drive*** self-confidence Charisma
is feedback that is disapproving w/out any intention of being helpful and almost always causes a negative or defensive reaction in the recipient.
destructive feedback
the first stage in human resource management is to:
determine human resource needs
Job evaluation
determines the worth of each job by determining market value of skills required to perform it
In order to ensure that women have the same opportunities for development and advancement as men, companies should ____.
develop mentoring programs
(Tu) A transformational leader helps organizations and people make positive changes in the way they do things by
developing new visions for the organization mobilizing employees to accept and work toward attaining the visions Correct both a and b are correct*** neither a nor be are correct
the american with disabilities act of 1990
disabilities, giving raises
____ is the phase of the techonolgy cycle characterized by technological subsitiion and design competition
discontinuous change
companies are not considered unethical if they do not perform their ______ responsibilities
discretionary
Darlene Jespersen worked in a sports bar. She was an outstanding employee, but she didn't wear makeup because she felt it "took away her credibility" and interfered with her ability to be an effective bartender, which sometimes required her to deal with unruly, intoxicated guests. This changed when the sports bar implemented a "beverage department image transformation" program. Female employees were told they would be fired if they did not wear makeup. Jespersen contended that it was an example of ____ because male employees did not have to wear makeup.
disparate treatment
Darlene Jespersen worked in a sports bar. She was an outstanding employee, but she didn't wear makeup because she felt it "took away her credibility" and interfered with her ability to be an effective bartender, which sometimes required her to deal with unruly, intoxicated guests. This changed when the sports bar implemented a "beverage department image transformation" program. Female employees were told they would be fired if they did not wear makeup. Jespersen contended that it was an example of _____ because male employees did not have to wear makeup.
disparate treatment
_____ is intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposefully not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities because of their race, sex, age, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs.
disparate treatments
(Tu) As an employee progresses in readiness, the leader should begin to
display more relationship behavior explain decisions to the employee allow the opportunity for clarification Correct all of these are correct***
an individuals ______ refers to his or her tendency to respond to situations and events in a predetermined manner.
disposition
a manufacturer of suntan lotion could set a ____ goal to increase revenues by 8% over the next 5 years and a ____ goal to increase sales next June in the Miami Beach area by 3%
distal; proximal
Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. introduced the first major production mountain bike in 1980. 2/3 of its profits from the sale of mountain bikes. It is recognized worldwide for its ability to design and produce superior mountain bikes. This ability is its
distinctive competence
Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. introduced the first major production mountain bike in 1980. Two-thirds of its profits come from the sale of mountain bikes. It is recognized worldwide for its ability to design and produce superior mountain bikes. This ability is its ____.
distinctive competence
a modern factory owned by 3Com in Morton Grove, Illinois, has 1,200 workers who speak 20 different languages. This factory illustrates:
diversity
For the purposes of data mining, ____ patterns are just the opposite of association patterns.
divorce adjacency Correct predictive*** affinity asymmetrical
To ensure that sexual harassment laws are followed and not violated, companies should .
do all of the above
for the goal-setting theory to work, goals must
do all of these (Chapter 13)
to make sure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else, organizations can ____
do all of these (chapter 12)
Benefits of planning
does none of these
Mary Parker Follett believed managers typically deal w/conflict in one of three ways
domination compromise integration
mary parker follet believed managers typically deal with conflict in one of three ways
domination, compromise, integration
When the CEO of a large corporation explained to their unionized employees why the company had to reduce healthcare coverage for its employees, he was engaging in _____ communications.
downward
the three formal communication channels in organizations are categorized as ______
downward, horizontal, and upward
the primary disadvantage of customer departmentalization is _____
duplication
The primary disadvantage of geographic departmentalization is ____.
duplication of resources
The only place where the finished product can be assessed is
during the input stage during the transformation stage during the feedforward control process Correct during the output stage***
__________ is the loss of high-performing employees who voluntarily choose to leave a company.
dysfunctional turnover
the U.S. chemical industry faces a looming shortage of process operators and is hiring new ones as fast as it can. the average age of an effective process operator is 50. a wave of retirements among these highly qualified and experienced operators in coming years will create openings for as many as 10,000 operator in the chemical industry. the retirement of the current operators is an example of
dysfunctional turnover
historically, ____ responsibility means making a profit by producing a product valued by society. It has been the most basic social responsibility of a business
economic
suppose that a Mexican car manufacturer wants to export cars to Guatemala. Knowing that the distribution of income w/in Guatemala is highly unequal and that about 75% of the population is below the poverty line would be an ______ component in the manufacturer's general environment
economic
which of the following statements about social responsibility is true
economic and legal responsibilities play a larger role in a company's social responsibility than do ethical and discretionary responsibilities
Lever's most successful product in India is Fair & Lovely, a skin whitening agent that is sold to dark-skinned women in India marketed to help the women find better husbands and better jobs. Lever is emphasizing its ____ responsibility to make a profit and ignoring its ____ responsibility to help women realize that their appearances are superficial.
economic; discretionary
when resistance to change is based on insufficient, incorrect, or misleading information, managers should use ___ as an approach to manage resistance
education and communication
a manager striving to improve organizational ______ is accomplishing tasks that help achieve organizational objectives
effectiveness
One of the primary reasons for the slow response to help the victims of Hurricane Katrina was an antiquated government system that was bogged down in bureaucratic red tape. In other words, the failure of assistance to arrive in a timely fashion was due to a lack of:
efficiency
coca-cola and pepsi co spent a total of 75 million to launch two sodas, banking on the low carb trend... the introductions failed to achieve
efficiency
A system that is designed to manage farm field irrigation and farming pest management decisions, based on 20 years of scientific research and data then advise farmers how much to irrigate and when to check soil temperatures is called a(n) _______.
electronic data interchange pragmatic portal data mining Correct expert system*** executive information system
Management theorist _____ is best known for his role in the Hawthorne Studies
elton mayo
type of team: informal (group)
emerges over time through the normal interaction of worker. members come from anywhere in the organization as a result of social activities
people with the Big Five Dimension of ____ respond well under stress
emotional stability
which of the following is one of the Big Five personality dimensions
emotional stability
which of the following traits refers to the tendency of leaders to remain even tempered and consistent in their outlook and the way they treat others even when things go wrong?
emotional stability
which of the following traits refers to the tendency of leaders to remain even-tempered and consistent in their outlook and the way they treat others even when things go wrong
emotional stability
______ is a technique of understanding the speaker's perspective and personal frame of reference and giving feedback that conveys that understanding to the speaker
empathetic listening
An article addressed to nurses who work in intensive care emphasize practices affirming the patient's intrinsic value and individual personality. One method to affirm the patient's intrinsic value is to demonstrate ____
empathy
job specialization can result in
employee boredom
____do NOT have the authority to make decisions
employee involvement teams
human resource controls
employee productivity measure are used to prevent or correct problems in employee motivation and performance
An ESOP is an ____
employee stock ownership plan
piecework pay plans
employees are paid a set rate for each item produced up to some standard (e.g., 35 cents per item produced for output up to 100 units per day). Once productivity exceeds the standard, employees are paid a set amount for each unit of output over the standard (e.g., 45 cents for each unit above 100 units).
ranking
employees doing the same or similar work are compared. the manager lists the employees from best to worst in terms of their performance
profit sharing
employees receive a portion of the organization's profits over and above their regular compensation. The more profitable the company, the more profit is shared
Phased retirement
employees transition to retirement by working reduced hours before completely retiring -have more free time but continue to ear salaries
Matrix Departmentalization
employees usually report to two bosses, lead to much more cross functional interaction, require significant coordination between managers
General effect of the laws
employers may not discriminate in employment decisions based on sex, age, religion, color, national origin, race, disability.
is a feeling of intrinsic motivation, in which workers perceive their work to have meaning and perceive themselves to be competent, having an impact, and capable self-determination
empowerment
in the model of the communication process presented in the text, _____ occurs when a message is put into a written, verbal, or symbolic form that can be recognized and understood by the receiver.
encoding
which of the following is a commonly used method for increasing goal commitment
encouraging worker participation in goal setting
The first step managers use to make sense of their changing environments is ____
environmental scanning
the two kinds of charismatic leaders are referred to as ______
ethical charismatics and unethical charismatics
What term describes the degree of concern people have about an ethical issue?
ethical intensity
what term describes the degree of concern people have about an ethical issue?
ethical intensity
As a company that manufactures janitorial cleaning supplies tries to develop more environmentally -friendly products that can clean as well as its current ones, the company's manager must select among alternatives derived from oranges, parsley, lemon, or a combination of these ingredients. This is the ____ step in the rational decision-making model.
evaluate each alternative
Quality is typically defined and measured in three ways. They are ____.
excellence, value, and conformance to expectations
The ____ approach to innovation assumes that innovation is occurring within a highly uncertain environment and that the key to fast product innovation is to use intuition, flexible options, and hands-on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding.
experiential
approach to innovation assumes that innovation is occurring w/in a highly uncertain environment and that the key to fast product innovation is to use intuition, flexible options, and hand-on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding
experiential
facilities layout
facilities are designed so that inputs are transformed into outputs as effectively as possible. facilities can range from inflexible, high volume product layouts, to very flexible, low-volume process layouts. the layout affects the degree to which the business will focus on specific, made-to-order customer needs, or mass produce items that sit in retail distribution outlets waiting for a customer's purchases
The hostile work environment form of sexual harassment occurs when employment outcomes such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job depend on whether an individual submits to being sexually harassed.
false
In the model of the communication process presented in text, ____ makes senders aware of possible miscommunications and enables them to continue communicating until the receiver understands the intended message.
feedback
360-degree feedback
feedback comes from four sources: the boss, subordinates, peers and coworkers, and the employees themselves. The data, which are obtained anonymously (except for the boss's), are compiled into a feedback report comparing the employee's self-ratings with those of the boss, subordinates, and peers and coworkers. Usually, a consultant or human resource specialist discusses the results with the employee. The advantage of 360-degree programs is that negative feedback ("You don't listen") is often more credible when it comes from several people.
The three basic control methods are ____.
feedback control, feedforward control, and symmetry control balance control, vertical control, and symmetry control Correct concurrent control, feedback control, and feedforward control*** feedforward control, presumptive control, and stasis control stasis control, feedback control, and simultaneous control
Caterpillar announced plans to cut its production of construction equipment due to forecasted increases in steel prices. By discovering the problem with product inputs and letting customers know that its output will fall short, Caterpillar used ____ controls.
feedforward
(Tu) Which type of control focuses on activities occurring during the transformation process?
feedforward Correct concurrent*** feedback simultaneous
A manufacturer of automatic locking devices shipped 20,000 devices to a car manufacturer that was unable to use them because of a design flaw. If the manufacturer of the devices waited until the parts were returned before determining why it created unusable component parts, it would be using ____ control.
feedforward Correct feedback*** balanced dynamic concurrent
empowerment
feelings of intrincisc motation, in which workers percieve their work to have impact and meaning and perceive themselves to be competent and capable of self-determination
in the traditional control systems used at most companies, _____ measures are used to assess performance.
financial
A company makes only one product. The company is carefully evaluating what it learned in becoming such a success to see if it could use the same strategy to expand internationally. Which perspective of the Balanced Scorecard is this manufacturer emphasizing?
financial perspective policies and procedures perspective customer perspective internal business perspective Correct innovation and learning perspective***
The goal of scientific management is to
find the one best way to perform each task
The three stages of inventory management are inputs, __________, and outputs.
finished goods inventory Correct transformation*** raw goods inventory none of these
the chairs of the accounting, marketing, and communications departments at a typical university are assuming the roles of ______ because they supervise non managerial employees.
first-line managers
In a(n) _____ reinforcement schedule, consequences are delivered following a specific number of behaviors
fixed ratio
The positioning strategies identified by Michael porter are
focus, cost leadership, and differentiation
Positioning strategies by Michael porter are
focus, cost leadership, and differntiation
inadequate capacity
for producing goods or services may cause customers to purchase them from competitors. lost sales means fewer profits and slower growth
sales budget
forecast expected revenues, generally stated by product line on a monthly basis and revised at least annually
protectionism is the use of trade barriers to protect local companies
foreign compeitition
Protectionism is the use of trade barriers to protect local companies and their workers from
foreign competiiton
The ______ is the system of official channels that carry organizationally approved messages and information
formal communication channel
milestones
formal project review points used to assess progress and performance
The stage of team development during which we would expect to find conflict in terms of differences of opinions regarding the team tasks and objectives, with different ideas on how to best achieve the team's goals is
forming norming Correct storming*** performing
Which of the following types of global organization is most likely to suffer problems associated with being culture bound?
franchising
___ are both exampls of cooperative contracts
franchising and licensing
Global business is defined as____. the buying and selling of goods and services to people
from different countries
product prototype
full-scale working model that is being tested for design, function, and reliability
Which of the following types of departmentalization does NOT have a problem with the duplication of resources?
functional
____ departmentalization is defined as organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise
functional
____departmentalization is defined as organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise
functional
5 methods of departmentalization
functional product customer geographic matrix
which of the following statements about functional departmentalization is true?
functional departmentalization allows work to be done by highly qualified specialists
_____ departmentalization is defined as organzing work and workers into sperate units
funtional
is a compensation system in which companies share the financial value or performance gains such as productivity, cost savings, or quality with their works
gainsharing
which of the following is a method used for compensating employees for team participation and accomplishments
gainsharing
what are the two types of external organizational environments?
general and specific
in terms of external organizational environments, the ____ environment affects all organizations while the _____ environment is unique to each company.
general; specific
in the 1960s, Coca-Cola executives in Atlanta learned there was a bottler in the Colombian jungle that was bottling pirated Coke in dumped bottles. Coke decided in the ____ stage of the rational decision making process that it had to either bring some sort of legal action against the unauthorized bottler, ignore it, or buy it.
generation of alternative courses of action
unfreezing
getting the people affected by change to believe that change is needed
Stock options
give employees the right to purchase shares of stock at a set price
situational: telling
give specific instructions and supervise closely task behavior high relationship behavior high readiness level of followers low (inexperience/immature)
is a barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to the top jobs in an organization
glass ceiling
the____is a barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to the top jobs in organizations
glass celing
A multinational company that acts with ____ has offices, manufacturing plants, and distribution facilities in different countries all which run based on the same rules, guidelines, policies, and procedures.
global consistency
A multinational company that acts with _____ has officers, manufacturing plants, and distribution facilitates in different countries which are all run based on same rules, guidelines, policies, and procedures
global consistency
In a multinational firm, managers at company headquarters typically prefer an emphasis on ____ because it simplifies decisions.
global consistency
the multinational company that acts with ____ has offices, manufactoring plants in different countries with same rules and guidlines
global consistency
New Companies that are founded with an active global strategy and have sales, employees, and financing in different countries
global new ventures
New companies with sales, employees, and financing in different countries that are found with an active global strategy are called ____.
global new ventures
______ is the extent to which people consciously understand and agree to goals
goal acceptance
Goal acceptance is most similar to the idea of ____
goal commitment
______ says that people will be motivated to the extent to which they accept specific, challenging goals and receive feedback that indicates their progress toward goal achievement
goal-setting theory
process modification, material/product substitution, and ______ are the three strategies used for waste prevention and reduction
good housekeeping
which of the following statements comparing goods and services is true?
goods can be collected and stored but services are perishable and unstorable
the two major approcahes to coporate level strategy are____
grand strategies and portfolio strategies
The two major approaches to corporate-level strategy are _____
grand strategies and portfolio strategy
Hawthrone Studies showed how _____ can influence work group performance, for better or worse
group cohesiveness
minority domination tends to be a particular problem in ____
groups of ten or larger
Companies can achieve growth mainly by ____.
growing internally through direct expansion or creating new businesses
The normative decision theory ____.
helps managers determine how much employee participation should be used in decision making
______ is best known for developing the five functions of managers and the fourteen principles of management
henri fayol
cohesiveness of a team affects the team goal of "aligned with organization's goals"
high cohesiveness: highest performance low cohesiveness: moderate performance
cohesiveness of a team affects the team goal of "not aligned with organization's goals"
high cohesiveness: low performance low cohesiveness: moderate to low performance
According to a survey done on teaching evaluations, engineering students consider the improvement of teaching to be the most important outcome of the evaluation process. For engineering students who believe their efforts will lead to better teaching, the motivation to fill out a teaching evaluation would have a
high valence
groupthink occurs in
highly cohesive groups where there is a great deal of pressure to agree with each other
(Tu) When some team members engage in ___________________ and still share in rewards, team cohesiveness may be negatively affected.
horseplay storming Correct social loafing*** high effort toward performance
Typically the most important factor in the relationship between companies and their suppliers is ____.
how dependent they are on each other
typically the most important factor in the relationship between companies and their suppliers is____
how dependent they are on each other.
tutorial on equal employment opportunity (EEO), recruitment and selection process, training and development process, performance and appraisal process
http://www.swlearning.com/management/middlemist/em/modules/begin.html
tutorial on types of teams, stage of development, team cohesiveness, social loafing
http://www.swlearning.com/management/middlemist/em/modules/begin.html
_____ is the process of finding, developing, and keeping the right people to form a qualified work force.
human resource management
____is the process of finding, developing, and keeping the right people to form a qualified work force
human resource management
solve the problem
if the deviation is unacceptable, then the response is to take corrective action. corrective action usually requires making a change n some behavior, activity, or aspect of the organization to bring performance into line with the standards
take no corrective action
if the deviation was acceptable or if there was no deviation, then the response is to take no corrective action. providing positive feedback, and sometimes rewards, to responsible individuals is useful in maintaining motivation to perform to the standards
employee hired
if the job analysis, description, and specification processes have been done well, and if the recruitment and selection processes have been done well, the company will be ables to hire the best qualifies candidate for the job
A _____ is the resource that is impossible or extremely costly or difficult for other firms to duplicate.
imperfectly imitable
An ____ is a resource that is impossible or extremely costly or difficult for other firms to duplicate
imperfectly imitable
diversity helps companies grow by
improving marketplace understanding
job enlargement
increasing the number of differnet tasks that a worker performers within one particular job; often viewed as just more work and more stressful to the employee Ex: having a mirror attacher at a car dealer clean and check mirror power controls
job enrichment
increasing the number of tasks in a particular job and giving workers the authority and control to make meaningful decisions about their work
during the ___ phase of a technology cycle, companies innovate by lowering the cost and improving the functioning and performance of the dominant design
incremental change
For a fast-food restaurant chain that is famous for its small, square hamburgers. Which of the following would be a component of its general environment?
inflation
The news provided by the military to soldiers serving in vietnam was something censored...... soldiers in the field could hear the broadcasts on their field radios. this would be an example of _____ communication channel
informal
College football coaching requires that coaches design every facet of practices, set goals for their players, determine schedules, and even direct all of the plays during the games. College football coaching uses ____ type of managing.
initiating structure
In terms of leadership behavior, the term ____ refers to the extent to which a leader is friendly, approachable, supportive, and shows concern for employees.
initiating structure job-centered leadership Correct consideration*** concern for production autonomy
organizational ____ is the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations
innovation
organizational _________ is the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations
innovation
An article on public libraries contained the following statement "the balanced scorecard helps organize and run the library according to a specific strategic plan while demonstrating the library's value to the community asa whole" Standards suggested to use with the ____ area.....
innovation and learning perspective
which of the following is a major concern of leaders (as opposed to managers)?
inspiring and motivating others
Oftentimes when an individual is running for a local political office, he or she promises to consider each issue, make decisions that are good for the entire community and reduce taxes. When the individual assumes office, he or she is often unable to carry through on political promises, an inability which leads to a perceived problem with ______
integrity
Estimates of from 2 percent to 20 percent of a taxicab company's driver workforce could result as new federal regulations requiring that all drivers be fingerprinted and the drivers checked to see if they have a criminal record. This new ____ will cause a worsening problem for the already over-extended employer.
integrity check Correct background check*** recruitment evaluation procedure biographical data assessment validation test
refers to the events and trends inside an organization that affect management, employees, and the organizational culture
internal environment
the term ____ refers to the events and trends inside an organization that affect management, employees, and the organizational culture
internal environment
The central concern of the job characteristics model (JCM) is ____.
internal motivation
the central concern of the job characteristics model (JCM) is:
internal motivation
In the perceptual process, ____ is the process of attaching meaning to new knowledge.
interpretation
unstructured interviews
interviewers are free to ask applicants anything they want, and studies show that they do.
_______ are the rewards associated with performing a task or activity or its own sake
intrinsic rewards
Hierarchical pay structures
involve big differences from one pay level to another. The highest pay levels are for people near the top of the pay distribution.
The Gantt chart
is a chart that shows when & where tasks need to be completed so that a job can be completed in a timely fashion
The Gantt chart ____.
is a chart that shows when and where tasks need to be completed so that a job can be completed in a timely fashion
The Gnatt chart ____
is a chart that shows when and where tasks need to be completed so that a job can be completed in a timely fashion
Organizational development
is a philosophy and collection of planed change interventions
Linking pay to performance
is intended to increase employee motivation, effort, and job performance
Performance appraisal
is the process of assessing how well employees are doing their jobs.
reinforcement theory says behavior is a function of
its consequences
which of the following is a component of the specific environment that would directly influence a restaurant's day-to-day operation
its regular customers
(Tu) The process of gathering basic facts about a job for the purpose of describing job duties, tasks, and responsibilities is called
job job description job specification Correct job analysis***
A _________ is a purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job.
job analysis
a _____ is a purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job
job analysis
a_____is a purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job
job analysis
Three phases that many companies go through in filling job openings are ______________ , referrals, and external recruiting.
job analysis Correct internal job postings*** advertising college recruiting
training and envelopment process
job analysis and performance analysis-- training design--technical training, on-the-job training, and management development training
recruitment and selection process
job analysis-job description-job specifications-relative labor market-recruitment-selection
Bona fide occupational qualifications would be most likely included in a(n) .
job description
Two of the most important results of a job analysis are ____.
job descriptions and job specifications
an organization that has increased the number of different tasks that a worker performs within one particular job has engaged in ______.
job enlargement
an organization that has increased the number of different tasks that a worker performs within one particular job has engaged in:
job enlargement
an organization that has increased the number of different tasks that a worker performs withing one particular job has engaged in ____
job enlargement
The job design approach associated with ____ involves increasing the number of different tasks that a worker performs within one particular job and giving workers the authority and control to make meaningful decisions about their work.
job enlargement and job enrichment
according to some industrial psychologists, _____ is a function of motivation times ability times situational constraints
job performance
research shows that while initiating structure impacts primarily on ____, consideration impacts primarily on ____
job performance; job satisfaction
Which of the following is an internal recruiting method?
job posting
which of the following is an internal recruiting method
job posting
The Ryerson University Library is organized in a hierarchy with six unit heads reporting to a chief librarian. Within these units are fifteen librarians and forty-seven full-time staff. One of the tools used in the organizational development of the library was to systematically move employees from one job to another to give them an opportunity to learn and use different skills. The Ryerson University Library used _____
job rotation
the ryerson university library is organized in a hierarchy with six unit heads reporting to a chief librarian. The units are archives, audiovisual/library loans.... the ryerson university library used ______
job rotation
_____ is characterized by simple easy-to-learn steps; low variety; and high repetition
job specialization
Bona fide occupational qualifications would be most likely included in a(n) ____.
job specification
Trends in Hiring Practices Zachary Schneider saw a sign in the window of an Amy's Ice Creams franchise operation. The sign said the company was looking for new employees. When he went in to ask for a job application, he was given a paper bag and told to do "something creative with it." The test was to see whether the job applicant was suited to carrying out the chain's mission: "To make people's day." This type of pre-employment assessment is not unusual. Gourmet grocery chain Central Market uses a four-page application form which includes essay questions such as "Tell us about your favorite food experience." If it seems an applicant is a good match for the company, he or she is asked to make a statement about himself or herself using items found in the grocery store and to participate with other applicants in a roundtable discussion. Refer to Trends in Hiring Practices. The need for creative skills in order to work at Amy's would be listed as a ____ that the company's HR department would have developed for franchisees.
job specification
two of the most important results of a job analysis are____
job specification and job description
help companies meet the legal requirement that their human resource decisions be job related
job specifications, job analyses, and job descriptions
A ____ is a strategic alliance in which two existing companies collaborate to form a third, independent company.
joint venture
In Canada, two automobile companies have entered into a ____ ____to create CAMI Automotive. One firm's management runs the plant, which makes the other's cars. The agreement gives one access to the other's dealers to sell its brand of vehicles.
joint venture
which of the following is not a step in the management by objectives (MBO) process
jointly develop operational plans
Feedback is more likely to be destructive than constructive when it is ______.
judgmental
during a job interview, interviewers can use their knowledge of face and body movements to determine when interviewees are telling the truth. This knowledge is called
kinesics
situational leadership
leader's task and relationship are based on the readiness level of followers. task behaviors involve use of one-way communication to tell followers what to do and when and how to do it. relationship behaviors involve use of two-way communication, encouragement, and involvement of followers in decision making. as a follower's readiness increases from the minimum to higher level, the leader should use less task and more relationship behavior
matching leader's style with the soloing situational demands
leader-member relations: degree of leader acceptance task structure: degree to which job is routine or structured leader position power: extent of power
Malcolm Thompson was brought in as the CEO of Novalux, a company involved in laser research, to save the company's promise of innovation. It's what he loves: turning ideas into companies, then shaping those businesses to meet evolving challenges. "You're never done," he says. "It always looks like you're near the finish line, but there are always new opportunities along the road—and new obstacles you'd never thought of. That's part of the exploration—constantly looking at the next problem and the next solution." Apparently, Thompson is an example of a(n) ____.
leadership substitute trait leader leadership neutralizer Correct visionary leader*** transactional leader
Decentralization ____.
leads to faster decision making and more satisfied customers and employees
decentralization
leads to faster decision making and more satisfied customers and employees
Bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ)
legal to hire someone on basis of sex, religion or national origin when it is reasonably necessary to the normal operation of that particular business
The marketing manager of Interstate Bakeries was asked to meet with the organization's research and development department(s) to explain why the company needed to change its 25-year-old package design for Twinkies. The marketing manager took on an interpersonal role as:
liaison
Sodima is a French cooperative that owns the name, the trade secrets, and the patents on Yoplait yogurt. General Mills pays Sodima for the right to sell Yoplait yogurt in the United States. This is an example of ____.
licensing
in terms of the chain of command,____authority is the right to command immediate subordinates, while____authority is the right to advise but to command others who are not subordinates
line and staff
in terms of the chain-of-command, _____ authority is the right to command immediate subordinates, while ____ authority is the right to advise but not command others who are not subordinates
line; staff
Which of the following approaches tends to be most important to making an international business successful in any given country?
local adaptation
Functional turnover
loss of poor-performing employees who choose to leave the organization
Currently the U.S. Olympic Committee (USOC) pays Olympic athletes $25,000 for each gold medal, $15,000 for a silver medal, and $10,000 for a bronze medal. Since 1960, the Paralympics for disabled athletes has been an integral part of the Olympic Games, yet the USOC pays disabled athletes only 10 percent of what the Olympic athletes are paid, and Paralympic athletes are not allowed to participate in opening ceremonies. For disabled athletes who believe their efforts will not be fairly rewarded, the motivation to win a Paralympics medal would have a(n) ____.
low valence
a glass of water and shelter from a snowstorm would be examples of _____, and a gold necklace and tickets to see professional wrestling would not be
low-order needs
developing operations plans
lower-level managers
To make sure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else, organizations can ____.
make a commitment to reasonable workplace accommodations
to make sure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else, organizations can:
make a commitment to reasonable workplace accommodations
the highest degree of processing occurs in ____ operations
make-to-order
the lowest of degree of processing occurs in _____ operations, where a company orders parts and assembles standardized products before receiving customer orders.
make-to-stock
When Ruth was hired to be the second-in-command at Graham Mailing Services, she was told that her job was to deal with the employees to make sure they got the mailing done to the customers' specifications. She was not instructed on how to run machines or in any other technical area because Her was a job in:
management
When Ruth was hired to be the second-in-command at Graham mailing services, she was told that her job was to deal with employees to make sure they got the mailing done to the customers' specifications. She was not instructed on how to run machines or in any other technical area because her position was a job in
management
MBO
management by objectives. managers and their employees jointly set objectives for the employee, periodically evaluate the performance, and reward according to the results.
simple matrix
managers in different parts of the matrix negotiate conflicts and resources directly
type of team: self managing teams
manages and controls all of the major tasks of producing a product or service. members come from different departments and different levels
Resource similarity and ____ are factors that determine the extent to which firms will be in direct competition with each other.
market commonality
A company that embroiders t-shirts, uses 15,000 plain t-shirts annually. The optimal order quantity is 500 shirts. The company embroiders approximately 150 shirts daily. Using the ____ calculations, the company knows it should place an order approximately every 3 days.
materials requirement planning just-in-time inventory management break-even Correct economic order quantity*** independent demand
complex matrix
matric in which specialized matrix managers and departments are added to the organization structuer; managers from different departments report to a matrix managers to resolve conflicts
Because of problems associated with conflicts over schedules, budgets, and available resources (including employees), ____ departmentalization often evolves from a simple form to a more complex form.
matrix
Of all types of departmentalization, ____ departmentalization requires the highest level of management skill for successful implementation.
matrix
The primary advantage of ____ departmentalization is the fact that it allows companies to manage large, complex tasks efficiently by minimizing duplication.
matrix
of all types of departmentalization, ____ departmentalization requires the highest level of management skill for successful implementation
matrix
of all types of departmentalization, _______ departmentalization requires the highest level of management skill for successful implementation.
matrix
with _____ departmentalization, most employees report to two bosses
matrix
with_____ departmentalization, most employees report to two bosses
matrix
with____departmentalization, most employees report to two bosses
matrix
Disadvantage of ERIP
may fail to predict if good or bad employees will retire and how many will retire
According to the SMART guidelines, goals should be
measurable
Objective performance measures
measures that are easily and directly counted or quantified -include output, scrap, waste, sales
A(n) ____ organization is an organization that is characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities; precisely defined, unchanging roles; and a rigid chain of command based on centralized authority and vertical communication.
mechanistic
In a(n) ____ organization, the normal procedure for dealing with any matter lying outside the boundaries of one individual's functional responsibility is to refer it to the point in the system where such responsibility is known to reside, or, failing that, to lay it before one's superior.
mechanistic
a(n) ____ organization is an organization that is characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities, precisely defined, unchanging roles, and a rigid chain-of-command based on centralized authority and vertical communication
mechanistic
creation of tactical plans
middle managers
typical responsibilities for ______ include setting objective consistent with organizational goals and then planning and implementing the subunit strategies for achieving these goals
middle managers
who is responsible for the creation of tactical plans
middle managers
(Tu) When team goals are aligned with organization goals and group cohesion is high, team performance will be ______________
moderate low moderate to low Correct highest***
What is local adaptation
modifying procedures to fit a specific country
Except for the core business activities that they can perform better, faster, and cheaper than others, ____ outsource all remaining business activities to outside companies, suppliers, specialists, or consultants.
modular organizations
Connie O'Day is a middle-level manager for the publishers of Free Spirit magazine, a publication targeted to women who are not focused on finding a husband or maintaining a house and garden. She spends much of her day conducting interviews with groups of women to determine what they consider most important in their lives. She also keeps an eye on the sales and content of other women's magazines. Which informational role does O'Day perform?
monitor
which of the following statements about performance appraisal is true
most employees and managers dislike the performance appraisal process
the three components of _____ are initiation of effort, direction of effort, and persistence of effort
motivation
internal motivation
motivation that comes from the job itself rather than from outside rewards
____ are an important part of both the compression approach and experiential approach to innovation
multifunctional teams
Nestlé is a company headquartered in Switzerland with manufacturing plants in Columbia, Australia, Canada, Egypt, Kenya, and more than 90 other nations. Nestlé is an example of a ____.
multinational corporation
Driving in heavy traffic makes Hal very anxious and sometimes angry. He leaves home earlier than usual one morning and doesn't run into heavy traffic. He leaves home earlier again the next morning, and again he avoids heavy traffic. His behavior of leaving home earlier is strengthened by the consequence of the avoidance of heavy traffic. What kind of reinforcement has occurred in this example?
negative reinforcement
Nontariff barriers
non-tax method of increasing cost or reducing volume of import goods 5 types: quotas-specific limits on the number or volume of imported products voluntary export restraints-are similar to quotas in that there is a limit on how much of a product can be imported annually. The difference is that the exporting country rather than the importing country imposes the limit. However, the "voluntary" offer to limit imports usually occurs because of the implicit threat of forced trade quotas by the importing country ex: to protect south africa textile manuf. from cheap chinese textile, south african gov. convinced china to "voluntary" restrict textiles government import standards-est. to protect health and safety of citizens, stds are often used to restrict or ban imported goods government subsidies-as long-term, low-interest loans, cash grants, and tax deferments, to develop and protect companies in special industries. European and Japanese governments have invested billions of dollars to develop airplane manufacturers and steel companies, while the U.S. government has provided subsidies for manufacturers of computer chips. Not surprisingly, businesses complain about unfair trade practices when other companies receive government subsidies. customs valuation/classification-cutoms agents decide which categories they should classify a product, Imp bc classification assigned to imported products by government officials that affects the size of a tariff and the imposition of import goods.
The Japanese government has proclaimed that its snow is different from that found in any other region of the world. As a result, all snow skis marketed in Japan must be manufactured in Japan. This is an example of a(n) ____.
nontariff barrier
Kinesics and paralanguage two kinds of ____
nonverbal communication
a group of workers in a medical examiner's office decided that they would not wear blue jeans to work because such casual wear seemed unprofessional. this informal agreement was made even though the office did not have a dress code. The workers created a(n) ____
norm
a group of workers in a medical examiner's office decided that they would not wear blue jeans to work because such casual wear seemed unprofessional. this informal agreement was made even through the office did not have a dress code. the workers created a
norm
______ should be used when it is difficult to create good measures of worker behavior and output when organizational culture, values and beliefs are strong
normative control
___are informally agreed-on standards that regulate team behavior
norms
job specialization
occurs when a job is composed of a small part of a larger task or process; typically easy to do, simply, low variety, and high repition Ex: McDonalds workers 1. "May I take your order please" 2. "Drive to the second window 3. Take the money make change
Voluntary separation
occurs when employees decide to quit or retire
Involuntary separation
occurs when employers decide to terminate or lay off employees
Quid pro quo sexual harassment
occurs when employment outcomes, such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job, depend on whether an individual submits to being sexually harassed. -economic injury
organizational encouragement
occurs when management encourages risk taking and new ideas, supports and fairly evaluates new ideas, rewards and recognizes creativity, and encourages the sharing of new ideas throughout different parts of the company
supervisory encouragement
occurs when supervisors provide clear goals, encourage open interaction with subordinates, and actively support development teams' work and ideas
work group encouragement
occurs when work group members have diverse experience, education, and backgrounds; when there is a mutual openness to ideas; when there is positive, constructive challenge to ideas; and when there is shared commitment to ideas.
In an operation like a grocery store, acquisition, processing and storage costs are very high because
of the volume of transactions each day of the number of separate items carried in inventory Correct both a and b are correct*** neither a nor b are correct
Early retirement incentive program (ERIP)
offer financial benefits to employees to encourage them to retire early.
All of the following are important factors in the creation of an ethical business climate EXCEPT ____.
official approval of the company's ethics code by government regulators
optimum capacity
often the result of good product and service design and correct choice of facilities layout and location. by altering the product mix, additional demand may be created, keeping the facilities busy and lowering average costs of the products and services
someone [is] described as having a mind-boggling breadth of his curiosity. in terms of the Big Five Personality Dimensions, this person would be described as having a high degree of
openness to experience
____ plans direct the behavior, efforts, and priorities of operative employees for periods ranging from one 1 to 6 months
operational
In general, this management theory uses a quantitative approach to find ways to increase productivity, improve quality, and manage or reduce costly inventories.
operations management
______ involves managing the daily production of goods and services
operations management
A high degree of buyer or seller dependence can lead to _______ by one party at the expense of the other.
opportunistic behavior
a(n) ___ organization is one that is characterized by broadly defined jobs and responsibilities, loosely defined, frequently changing roles, and decentralized authority and horizontal communication based on task knowledge
organic
At their core, companies are ____ systems that combine inputs such as labor, raw materials, capital, and knowledge to produce finished products and other types of output.
organizational Correct production*** social predictable socio-cultural
Mcdonalds in long term, worldwide movement to change consumers perceptions
organizational change
When Susan started work at Henderson Textile Co., she was amazed at its employees who would take 30 minute restroom breaks, leave for the day at 2 pm, and generally belittle the company's management. Such employees' actions most likely developed over time as a result of a faulty
organizational culture
the ______ is the set of key values, beliefs, and attitudes shared by members of an organization
organizational culture
Creativity was needed to improve efficiency without raising costs at one automobile maker. Over the last few years, the company has successfully implemented a creative engineering program that allows its plants to produce more than one type of car from the same assembly line. This successful change to a flexible manufacturing system is an example of ____.
organizational innovation
The term ____ refers to a work environment where (1) each member is empowered to contribute in a way that maximizes the benefits to the organization, customers, and themselves; and (2) the individuality of each member is respected by not segmenting or polarizing people on the basis of their membership in a particular group.
organizational plurality
is the withholding of information about organizational problems or issues by employees.
organizational silence
while___ emphasizes jobs and their authority relationships ___ emphasizes the activities through work gets done
organizational structure, organizational process
While ____ emphasizes jobs and their authority relationships, ____ emphasizes the activities through which work gets done in the organization.
organizational structure; organizational process
while ____ emphasizes jobs and their authority relationships, _____ emphasizes the activities through which work gets done in the organization
organizational structure; organizational process
Functional Departmentalization
organizes work and workers into separate units responsible for business functions or areas of expertise; most common form of departmentalization and typically used for small businesses or businesses starting out Ex: accounting dept, sales, marketing, production, HR, etc..
Customer
organizes work and workers into separate units responsible for particular kinds of customers. can separate into types of customer: residential, small sized business.. etc ex: company seperates jobs by gov, business and focus on clients needs of household, etc.
Product
organizes work and workers into separate units responsible for producing particular products or services org by different product lines: carrier, otis
in nonverbal communication, _____ is the pitch, rate, tone, volume, and speaking pattern (i.e., use of silences, pauses, or hesitations) of one's voice.
paralanguage
Hot topic is a fast growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic.... she relies on their input before making inventory decisions. McLaughlin use the _____ style of management
participative
according to the path-goal theory of leadership ____ involves consulting employees for their suggestions and input before make decisions
participative leadership
according to the path-goal theory of leadership, _____ involves consulting employees for their suggestions and input before making decisions.
participative leadership
______ is the process by which individuals attend to, organize, interpret, and retain information from their environments
perception
because of ____, people exposed to the same information will often disagree about what they saw or heard.
perceptual filters
set performance standards CHAPTER 14
performance standards should cover five major areas: quantity, quality, time, cost, and behavior. standards evolve only after the organization has developed its overall strategic plan and managers have defined goals for organizational departments
a team has finally matured into a fully functioning team at the___stage of development
performing
a team has finally matured into a fully-functioning team at the ____ stage of development
performing
job rotation
periodically moving workers from one specialized job to another to give them more varitety and the opportunity to use different skills Ex: secretary who only answers phones could be asked to do some filing
empowering workers
permanently passing decision-making authority and responsibility from managers to workers by giving them the information and resources they need to make and carry out good decisions
______ is the relatively stable set of behaviors, attitudes, and emotions displayed over time that makes people different from each other
personality
is the relatively stable set of behaviors, attitudes, and emotions displayed over time that makes people different from each other
personality
Historically, most companies have used the ____ to successfully enter foreign markets.
phase model of globalization
organizational development
philosophy and collection of planned change interventions designed to improve an organization's long-term health and performance
One of the reasons items manufactured in Southeast Asia are imported into the United States less expensively is that workers are paid a small amount of money for each item produced. The manufacturers operating in Southeast Asia use what type of pay plan?
piecework
one of the reasons items manufactured in Southeast Asia are imported into the United States less expensively is that workers are paid a small amount of money for each item produced. the manufactures operating in Southeast Asia use what type of pay plan
piecework
budgets
planned quantitative allocation of resources (the performance standard)
Nestlé was unsuccessful in early attempts to sell its chocolate in India. It discovered its chocolate bars were not suitable for the Indian markets because the candy had to sit in direct sunlight without benefit of air conditioning and became messy. Nestlé adopted an innovation strategy and developed Chocostick, a liquid chocolate, which is very popular. Solving this problem involved what management function?
planning
(Tu) Performance standards should cover
planning, organizing, staffing, and control finance, marketing, and production Correct quantity, quality, time, cost, and behavior*** all of the above
Uganda is one of only two countries in the world that produce a mineral required in the manufacturing of cellular phones. Several mining companies recently moved their operations out of the region due to a bloody civil war resulting from a change in rulers. This is an example of how ____ can influence global business.
political uncertainty
Minimize potential risk
political uncertainty policy uncertainty strategy: avoid, control, cooperate -Several strategies can be used to minimize or adapt to the political risk inherent to global business. An avoidance strategy is used when the political risks associated with a foreign country or region are viewed as too great. If firms are already invested in high-risk areas, they may divest or sell their businesses. If they have not yet invested, they will likely postpone their investment until the risk shrinks. Control is an active strategy to prevent or reduce political risks. Firms using a control strategy will lobby foreign governments or international trade agencies to change laws, regulations, or trade barriers that hurt their business in that country. Another method for dealing with political risk is cooperation, which makes use of joint ventures and collaborative contracts, such as franchising and licensing. Although cooperation does not eliminate political risk of doing business in a country, it does limit the risk associated with foreign ownership of a business.
fear of a lawsuit prevents many employers from giving totally honest recommendations to former employees. This reflects a change in the _____ component of the general environment
political/legal
three kinds of task interdependence
pooled interdependence, sequential interdependence, reciptocal interdependence
In Fiedler's contingency theory, the term ____ refers to the degree to which leaders are able to hire, fire, reward, and punish workers.
position power
________ strengthen behavior ie (increase its behavior)
positive and negative reinforcement
Users of credit and debt cards that earn the owners money or rewards towards future purchases, is an example of
positive reinforcement
according to kohlberg's model of moral development, people at the _____ use internalized ethical principles to solve ethical dilemmas
post conventional level
McClellend's learned needs theory identifies 3 needs. they are the needs for ______.
power achievement and affiliation
the three stages of moral development identified by kohlber are
pre conventional level, conventional level, and post conventional level
Doug has a low-paying job for a telecommunications company. Every day when he goes home from work, Doug puts a headset, a stapler, or something similar in his lunch box and takes it home with him. Doug sees nothing wrong with his behavior since he feels he is being paid less than he should. In terms of Kohlberg's stages of moral development, Doug is operating at which level?
preconventional
single-facility
preferred if a mass-production layout is used, the cost of facilities is high due to a costly production or service process, customers do not need or desire a great deal of variety in the product or service
multi-facility
preferred if the operation is a made-to-order layout, the cost of facilities is low due to a job-shop layout, customer need vary geographically
income statement
presents revenues and expenses and the profit or loss for the stated time period. the two primary control mechanisms for increasing net income are to increase revenue and decrease expenses
cash flow
presents the cash receipts and payments for the stated time period. cash flow is constantly monitored and controlled for investment purposes
____ stakeholders are groups, such as shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, governments, and local communities, on which the organization depends for long-term survival
primary
______ stakeholders are groups such as shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, governments, and local communities, on which the organization depends for long-term survival
primary
the two general categories of stakeholders are _____ stakeholders and ____ stakeholders
primary and secondary
a company implementing a(n) _____ strategy would demonstrate the greatest willingness on the part of the company to meet or exceed society's expectations.
proactive
exists when there is a gap between a desired state (what managers want) and an existing state (the situation that the managers are facing).
problem
in equity theory, ______ refers to the fairness of the process used to make reward allocation decisions
procedural justice
Exporting
produce products in their home country and sell products to customers in foreign -adv: company less dependent on sales in its home market and greater degree of control over research, design, production decisions -dis: tariff and non-tariff barriers that increase cost to consumer, also transportation cost increase cost to consumer, depend on foreign importers for product distribution
Hallmark has four departments. These departments are (1) Flowers and Gifts, (2) Cards and E-cards, (3) Hallmark Collectibles, and (4) Photo Albums and Scrapbooks. Hallmark uses ____ departmentalization.
product
Hallmark has four departments. these departments are 1 flowers and gifts 2 cards and ecards 3 hallmark collectibles 4 photo albums and scrapbooks. hallmark uses ______ departmentalization
product
Procter & Gamble has divisions for personal and beauty, house and home, health and wellness, baby and family, and pet nutrition and care. These divisions indicate that the company uses ____ departmentalization.
product
hallmark has four departments. these departments are (1) flowers and gifts, (2) cards and e-cards, (3) hallmark collectibles, and (4) photo albums and scrapbooks. hallmark uses ____ departmentalization.
product
creativity
production of novel and useful ideas
which of the following is NOT a well-known technique for managing inventory?
progressive inventory management (PIM)
title VII of the civil rights act of 1964
prohibits discrimination based on: race, coli, religion, sex, national origin pertains to hiring and firing
Which of the following kinds of team is always temporary?
project team
the ___ is created to complete specific, one-time projects or tasks within a limited time
project team
the____is created to complete specific, one-time projects or tasks within a limited time
project team
which of the following kinds of team is always temporary
project team
powerful leaders
provide the vision, discipline, and motivation to keep innovation process focused, on time, and on target
Boeing's operation in Macon, Georgia was named one of the ten best manufacturing plants in North America by IndustryWeek magazine. The company maintains an employee involvement team to track the plant's goals and performance metrics. This team ____.
provides advice to management concerning areas that needed change or improvements
technical training
provides specialized skills and knowledge training in the methods, processes, and techniques associated with the job. may include the use of manuals, class lectures, video, computerized learning programs, and demonstrations
Training
providing opportunities for employees to develop the job-specific skills, experience, and knowledge they need to do their jobs or improve their performance
Rose knew by the shrillness of her teacher's voice that she was really in trouble and would probably be placed in after-school detention. Rose's teacher used ____ to communicate dismay.
proxemics kinesics Correct paralanguage*** semiotics pseudo-language
According to the ____theory, companies go through long, simple periods of environmental stability, followed by short, complex periods of dynamic, fundamental environmental change, finishing with a return to environmental stability.
punctuated equilibrium theory
according to the ____ theory, companies go through long, simple periods of environmental stability, followed by short complex periods of dynamic, fundamental environmental change, finishing with a return to environmental stability
punctuated equilibrium theory
France has 14 million smokers. More importantly, smokers in France are closely associated with the French culture. To reduce the number of smokers in the nation, the French government has increased the costs of cigarettes to a price twenty times greater than that charged in any other nation in the European Union. In terms of reinforcement theory, the French government is trying to use _____ to get people to quit smoking by making cigarettes less affordable and by reducing the discretionary income (or possibly the disposable income) of people who continue smoking.
punishment
A cosmetics company that is considering entering the South American market would be especially interested in the discretionary income within that region. In other words, which of the following would be a determining factor in its global strategy?
purchasing power
vertical loading
pushing some managerial authority down to workers
from a legal perspective, there are two kinds of sexual harassment. they are ______
quid pro quo and hostile work environment
____is the form of sexual harassment in which employment outcomes, such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job, depend on whether an individual submits to sexual harassment
quid pro quo sexual harassment
is the form of sexual harassment in which employment outcomes such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job depend on whether an individual submits to sexual harassment
quid pro quo sexual harassment
Russia imposed limits on how much poultry, beef, and pork could be imported into the nation from the European Union (EU) in retaliation to limits the EU placed on how much grain Russia could export. What type of nontariff barrier did Russia use to control the amount of poultry, beef, and port it imported from the EU?
quotas
(Tu) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination based on
race color sex Correct all of the above***
Central Tendency Error
rate all workers as average or in the middle of scale
Halo errors
rate all workers as performing at the same level in all parts of their jobs
Leniency errors
rate all workers as performing particularly well
is a systematic process of defining problems, evaluating alternatives, and choosing optimal solutions
rational decision making
inventories include the basic inputs in a manufacturing process.
raw materials
The ____ of a maker of cloth dolls would include over 200 yards of fabric, 100 yards of ribbon, a box of 500 wiggle eyes, stuffing, 20 dolls in various stages of completion, and 15 completed dolls.
raw materials component materials finished products Correct inventory*** SKUs
a company implementing a _____ strategy would choose to accept responsibility for a problem and do all that society expects to solve problems
reactive
two homebuilders are building homes in nearby subdivisions. one is offering 2,500 square foot homes with two acre yards.....
reactive customer marketing
is used to refer to a company's practice of identifying and addressing customer trends and problems after they occur
reactive customer monitoring
LexisNexis realized that its ability to serve new Web-based customers was severely straining its customer service department after thousands of small and midsize law firms representing a huge business opportunity had to wait 48 hours to have their Web accounts activated after signing up. Clearly, LexisNexis needed to revamp its customer sign-up and order-fulfillment processes, which were designed for large law firms and the ordering of hardcover legal tomes. LexisNexis would most likely use ____ to radically change its business practices.
reengineering
is a fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance such as cost, quality, service, and speed
reengineering
In equity theory, ____ are others with whom people compare themselves to determine if they have been treated fairly.
referents
in equity theory, _____ are others with whom people compare themselves to determine if they have been treated fairly
referents
which of the following is a basic component of equity theory
referents
capacity planning
referes to the amount of products or services an organization can produce. capacity planning is essential to match the quantity and quality demanded by customers to the organization's ability to produce those goods or services
facilities location
refers to the geographic site of facilities. the facility location decision is based on the nature of the production or service process (layout), the costs of the facility, and the access to the suppliers, potential employees, and customers
A group in Great Britain has been established to improve the employment, retention, and promotion prospects of black and other ethnic minorities as well as women in the Fire and Rescue Service, which at present has a largely white, male demographic. By the ____ stage of team development, the group members will have resolved petty differences, developed friendships, and established strong group cohesiveness.
reforming storming Correct norming*** forming performing
As Malta got ready for its admittance into the European Union (EU), all taxes on the importation of goods manufactured in Malta were eliminated. Malta was preparing to become part of a(n) ____.
regional trading zone
Which of the following factors can help managers determine whether more or different control is worthwhile?
regulation costs
An emphasis on _____ is likely to decrease opportunistic behavior but will never completely eliminate it
relationship behavior
the ability to consistently perform a service well is referred to as service _____
reliability
Which of the following is NOT one of the indicators or measures of quality?
reliability serviceability durability Correct controllability***
World Trade Organization
replaced GATT in 1995, only international org. dealing with the global rules of trade between nations, main function is to ensure trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible Location: Geneva, Switzerland Created by: Uruguay Round negotiations Membership: 150 countries Head: Pascal Lamy Functions: -administering WTO trade agreement -providing a forum for trade negotiations -handling trade disputes -monitoring national trade policies -providing technical assistance and training for developing countries -cooperating with other international org.
In __________ cultures, people exhibit little or no emotion during communications.
repressive developing regressive cognitive Correct neutral***
Subjective performance measures
require someone judge or assess a worker's performance -graphic rating scale most widely used because it is easy to construct and susceptible to errors
Coercive power
resistance response from followers. followers engage in subtle or open sabotage of leader's requests
An organization that has______ has the assets, capabilities, processes info, and knowledge that an organization uses to improve its effectiveness and efficiency....
resources
Data clusters ____.
result from the use of internal data mining are a statistical technique used for trend analysis are used to create samples for statistical analyses Correct occur when three or more database elements occur together in a significant way*** are accurately described by all of these
In the perceptual process, ____ is the process of remembering interpreted information.
retention
(Tu) Jim is admired by his staff and they try to emulate him. You could say that he has ___________ power.
reward legitimate Correct referent*** expert
Policy uncertainty
risk associated with changes in laws and government policies that directly affect the way foreign companies conduct business. This is the most common form of political risk in global business and perhaps the most frustrating.
Political uncertainty
risk of major changes in political regimes that can result from war, revolution, death of political leaders, social unrest, or other influential events
According to strategic reference point theory, managers have two basic strategic alternatives. They are ____.
risk-avoiding strategy and risk-seeking strategy
new employees were instructed never to wear loose fitting clothes when working around the canning machine. What kind of a standing plan is described in this example
rules and regulations
Although firewalls can protect personal computers and network services connected to the corporate network, people away from their offices who interact with their company networks via the Internet face a safety risk. Which of the following technologies has proven to be an inexpensive solution to this problem?
safe software for logic (SSL) encryption Correct virtual private networks*** local area networks firewall reassignment reengineered applets
Marketers often appeal to consumers' needs as defined by Maslow's hierarchy. A lock manufacturer, shows how much protection its locks provide and a cleaning company developed several types of wipes to eliminate concerns about infectious germs. Both marketers are appealing to which need as defined by Maslow?
safety
sales commission plan
salespeople are paid a percentage of the purchase price of items they sell. The more they sell, the more they earn
___ occurs when managers choose an alternative that is good enough
satisficing
____ occurs when managers choose an alternative that is good enough, rather than the best possible alternative
satisficing
prior to the introduction of _____ 5 workers each given an identical task could use 5 different methods to perform the task with some methods being significantly more efficient than others
scientific management
Shell's efforts to sink an abandoned offshore oil-storage buoy, were derailed by Greenpeace in Germany, which mounted a well-orchestrated public relations blitz that caused Shell's gasoline sales to plunge by 50% at some German stations. This is an example of how _____ stakeholders can influence organizational strategy
secondary
____ stakeholders are any groups that can influence or be influenced by the company and can affect public perception about its socially responsible behavior
secondary
______ stakeholders are any groups that can influence or be influenced by the company and can affect public perceptions about its socially responsible behavior.
secondary
Managers can use integrity tests to _____.
select and hire ethical employees
is the tendency to notice and accept objects and information consistent with our values, beliefs, and expectations while ignoring, screening out, or not accepting inconsistent.
selective perceptions
the highest level of autonomy is found in ____
self-designing teams
the highest level of team autonomy is found in:
self-designing teams
which of the following types of teams has the authority to change their composition as well as all of their tasks and work methods
self-designing teams
which of the following is one of the sources of resistance to change
self-interest
A local hospital ran into a funding problem when it tried to build a new state-of-the-art pediatric unit. The hospital management asked a group of physicians, hospital volunteers, and administrative staff to develop and implement a plan to raise the necessary money. This group of people with complementary skills formed a(n) ____.
semi-structured team autonomous unit Correct work team*** functional department venture team
What type of job interview might be used after a background question revealed the applicant had spent three years working in Africa convincing parents to allow their children to take polio vaccine?
semistructured
Have you ever purchased a book or CD on Amazon.com and noticed that as soon as you put your selection in the shopping cart, you were offered a series of other items that people who made the same purchase as you did also bought? This would be an example of ____ data mining.
sequence Correct association*** predictive adjacency extrapolative
Zara clothing stores has developed a system that can order new fashions and deliver them to the store in only three weeks. It uses ____ to pass information to the next person in the line of development.
sequential interdependence
refers to restoring customer satisfaction to strongly dissatisfied customers
service recovery
most companies define product ___ in terms of how easy or difficult it is to fix a product,
serviceability
performance appraisal process
set performance goals for the job--agree on performance goals with employee-asses individual performance relative to goals (BARS, Ranking, MBO)--provide performance appraisal feedback (developmental evaluate)
financial ratios
several financial ratios are used to interpret company performance. each ratio is a comparison of financial data. these ratios are used to compare a company's current performance with its past performance
When a CEO opened the nationwide sales force meeting with a crude sexually explicit joke it was an example of ____.
sexual harassment
when the CEO opened the nationwide sales force meeting with a crude sexually explicit joke about Foreign Legion soldiers, it was an example of:
sexual harassment
Which of the following statements about sexual harassment is true?
sexual harassment can occur between people of the same sex
situational: supporting
share ideas and facilitate feedback in decision making task behavior low relationship behavior high readiness level of followers moderately high
Bayer AG, Syndial SpA, Crompton Corp., DuPont Dow Elastomers, and Zeon Chemicals are all international manufacturers of rubber chemicals. They have all been indicted as participants in a price-fixing scheme that drove up the costs of rubber chemicals used to make shoes, tires, and other products. They would be most likely to use the ____ model to justify their actions.
shareholder
The ____ model holds that the only social responsibility that businesses have is to maximize profit.
shareholder
model holds that the only social responsibility that businesses have is to maximize profit
shareholder
According to the ____ ______, the only social responsibility a business has is to make a profit.
shareholder model
turnover
shows the ratio or percentage of employees that must be replaced for a given period, usually one year
work flow diversity
shows the ratio or percentage of women, hispanics, african-americans, etc.
In terms of environmental complexity, _____ environments have few environmental factors, whereas _____ environments have many environmental factors
simple, complex
What type of planning would be used to create the festivities necessary to celebrate the 100-year anniversary of a furniture manufacture
single-use plan
A _____, also called a SWOT analysis for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, is an assessment of the strengths...
situation analysis
a _____ also called a SWOT analysis for strengths, weaknesses
situation analysis
____ also called a SWOT analysis for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, is an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses in an organization's internal environment and the opportunities and threats in its external environment
situational analysis
In Fiedler's contingency theory, the term ____ refers to the degree to which a particular situation either permits or denies a leader the chance to influence the behavior of group members.
situational favorableness
core job characteristics
skill variety, task identiy, task significance, autonomy, feedback On the JCM
In general, ____ is most effective for self-managing and self-directing teams performing complex tasks, while ____ works best in relatively stable environments where employees can focus on improving the productivity, cost savings, or quality of their current work system.
skill-based pay; nonfinancial reward gainsharing; nonfinancial reward nonfinancial reward; skill-based pay Correct skill-based pay; gainsharing*** gainsharing; skill-based pay
The manual capture of information is ____.
slow expensive labor-intensive often inaccurate Correct all of these***
____is one of the disadvantages associated with the use of work teams
social loafing
occurs when workers withhold their efforts and fail to perform their share of the work
social loafing
which of the following statements about social responsibility and economic performance is true
social responsibility can sometime create significant costs for a company
Tourism was not the only travel-associated industry that has been visibly hurt by what happened on 9/11. People decided to vacation at home and sales of luggage and similar travel gear decreased significantly. Sales of home swimming pools increased. This decision to stay at home reflects a change in attitudes toward the perceived safety of long-distance traveling. This is an example of a change in the ____ component of the general environment.
socio-cultural
Tourism was not the only travel-associated industry that has been visibly hurt by what happened on 9/11. People decided to vacation at home and sales of luggage and similar travel gear decreased significantly. Sales of home swimming pools increased. The decision to stay at home reflects a change in attitudes toward the perceived safety of long-distance traveling. This is an example of a change in the
sociocultural
standardization
solving problems by consistently applying the same rules, procedures, and processes
Employment references
sources such as previous employers/coworkers who can provide job related information about candidates
Aptitude tests are also called ___.
specific ability test
Aptitude tests are also called ____.
specific ability tests
the goals of the compression approach to innovation are
speed, lower costs, and incremental change of dominant design
Robert Strickland works in the legal department at a large consumer products manufacturer. It is his job to craft warnings on package labels. This is Strickland's ____.
staff function
______ are the expectations that a company will voluntarily serve a social role beyond its economic, legal, and ethical responsibilities
stakeholder responsibilities
various persons or groups with a legitimate interest in a company's actions are called
stakeholders
various persons or groups with a legitimate interest in a company's actions are called ____.
stakeholders
____is the process of solving problems by consistently applying the same rules, procedures, and processes
standardization
is the process of solving problems by consistently applying the same rules, procedures, and processes
standardization
structured interviews
standardized interview questions are prepared ahead of time so that all applicants are asked the same job-related questions
Control is a(n) ____ process.
standardized, periodic, and cybernetic flexible, intermittent, and automated standardized, periodic, and robotic continuous, flexible, and automated Correct continuous, dynamic, and cybernetic***
______ are a basis of comparison for measuring the extent to which organizational performance is satisfactory or unsatisfactory
standards
The ____ is a type of operation plat that saves managers tie because it is created once and then used repeatedly to handle frequently recurring events.
standing plan
The ____ is a type of operational plan that saves managers time because it is created once and then used repeatedly to handle frequently recurring events.
standing plan
is the type of operational plan that saves managers time because it is created once and then used repeatedly to handle frequently recurring events
standing plan
In the ____ type of grapevine communication network, one highly connected individual shares information with many other managers and workers.
star chain Correct gossip chain*** cluster chain leader chain linear
Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc., introduced the first major production mountain bike in 1980. 2/3 of its profits come from the sale of mountain bikes. Specialized bikes have a large share of a fast-growing market. According to the BCG matrix, specialized mountain bikes would be classified as
stars
(Tu) In the __________ stage, team members begin to settle into their roles and group cohesion grows.
storming Correct norming*** forming performing
In the stages of team development, a team moves from growth to decline during the ____ stage.
storming de-forming de-storming Correct de-norming*** reforming
An organization is experiencing _____ when there is a discrepancy between upper management's intended strategy and the strategy actually implemented by the lower levels of management
strategic dissonance
an organization is experiencing ____ when there is a discrepancy between upper management's intended strategy and the strategy actually implemented by the lower levels of management
strategic dissonance
top management is responsible for developing long-term ___ that make clear how the company will serve customers and position itself against competitiors in the next 2-5 years
strategic plans
E-Lab (the "e" stands for experience) has project teams perform field research for its clients. one team had to spend time riding in the back seat of a squad car, accompanying cops on drug raids, as part of research for a new communications device for police departments. Another team studied how people get sick with a cold to create a new over-the-counter cold remedy. Often clients give team members extremely ambitious goals which the team members initially have no idea how to solve. In other words, project teams are given ___
stretch goals
Team norms in an organization can create ____.
stronger organizational commitment more trust in management negative behaviors, such as breaking rules increased job satisfaction Correct all of these***
the ___ interview uses only standardized, job related interview questions that are prepared ahead of time and asked of all candidates
structured
the____interview uses only standardization, job-related interview questions that are prepared ahead of time and asked of all candidiates
structured
According to human relations management
success depends on treating workers well
organizational innovation
successful implementation of creative ideas in an organization
refreezing
supporting and reinforcing the new changes so they "stick"
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, what leadership style involves being friendly and approachable to employees, showing concern for them and their welfare, treating them as equals, and creating a friendly climate.
supportive leadership
according to the path-goal theory of leadership ______ involves being friendly and approachable to employees, showing concern for them and their welfare, treating them as equals and creating a friendly climate.
supportive leadership
When suzanne Pogell wanted to learn to sail, she could find no one to teach her because men were the ones who sailed, and women were their crew... the male sailors who would no teach her were exhibiting
surface-level diversity
Top-Flight manufactures Strata golf calls and prices these balls at about three times what ordinary golf balls cost. The Strata ball sells exceptionally well because customers perceive its patented three-layer construction to improve handling and increase distance. The patent on these golf balls gives Top-Flite a
sustainable competitive advantage
Top-Flite manufactures Strata golf balls and prices these balls at about three times what ordinary golf balls cost. The Strata ball sells exceptionally well because customers perceive its patented three-layer construction to improve handling and increase distance. The patent on these golf balls gives Top-Flite a(n) ____.
sustainable competitive advantage
testing
systematic comparison of different product designs or design iterations
Global consistency
t when a multinational company has offices, manufacturing plants, and distribution facilities in different countries, it will run those offices, plants, and facilities based on the same rules, guidelines, policies, and procedures. Managers at company headquarters value global consistency, because it simplifies decisions.
____ plans are plans that specify how a company will use resources, budgets, and people to accomplish specific goals w/in its mission
tactical
When done correctly, management by objectives (MBO) is an extremely effective method for ____.
tactical planning
research and development budget (R&D)
target spending for the development or refinement of products, materials, and processes
A(n) ____ is a direct tax on imported goods designed to make it more expensive to buy those goods, instituted in hopes of reducing the volume of those imported goods in a given country.
tariff
tax on all steel imports in an effort to protect jobs
tariff
The two general kinds of trade barriers are _____
tariff barriers and nontariff barriers
____ is the degree to which a job is perceived to have a substantial impact on others inside or outside the organization
task significance
teams are typically required when
tasks require multiple perspectives
teams are typically required when:
tasks require multiple perspectives
______ describes the average level of ability, experience, personality, or any other factor on a team
team level
team rewards that depend on ___ are the key to rewarding team behaviors and efforts
team performance rather than individual performance
An accountant with ____ has the ability to create a budget, compare the budget to the actual income statement, and determine unnecessary expenses
technical skill
which type of skills tend to be most important to the success of lower level managers
technical skills
more premature babies than ever before are surviving due to improvements in medical knowledge and care. This improved survival rate can be attributed to the ____ component of hospitals
technological
Kodak is a company name associated with photography. The company has recognized that digital photography is a threat to the future growth of the company. Therefore, the company has decided to become a market leader in digital imaging. The development of the digital camera forced Kodak into the innovation stream because the new imaging process was a ______
technological discontinuity
Kodak is a company name associated with photography. The development of the digital camera forced Kodak into the innovation stream because the new imaging process was a(n) ____.
technological discontinuity
the development of the DVD player was a source of ____ to companies in the movie industry just as VHS tapes had once been
technological discontinuity
The development of CDs was a source of _____ to companies in the recording industry just as cassette tapes and 8-track tapes had once been
technological replacement
____ is knowledge, tools, and techniques used to transform inputs into outputs
technology
(Tu) When sending a complex message, the best method is
telephone or conference call videoconferencing Internet Correct all of the above are excellent methods***
according to the model of need satisfaction, an unsatisfied need produces
tension
The basic idea behind hierarchical pay structures is
that large differences in pay between jobs or organizational levels should motivate people to work harder to obtain those higher-paying jobs.
The basic idea behind compressed pay structures is
that similar pay levels should lead to higher levels of cooperation, feelings of fairness and a common purpose, and better group and team performance.
the purpose of _____ is to recognize U.S. companies for their achievements in quality and business performance and to raise awareness of how quality and performance excellence can be used to create a competitive edge.
the Baldrige Award
economic value added (EVA)
the amount by which profits (after expenses) exceed the cost of capital in a given year. in order to attract investors, managers control both profits and costs
feedback
the amount of information the job provides to workers about their work performance
What is global business (Define)
the buying and selling of goods and services by people from different countries
Organizational Structure
the collection of activites that transforms inputs into outputs that costumers value
According to ______, the most effective management theory or idea depends on the kinds of problems or situations that managers are facing at a particular time and place
the contingency approach
autonomy
the degree to which a job gives workers the discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish the work
task identity
the degree to which a job is perceived to have a substantial impact on others inside or outside the organization
productivity
the efficiency with which a firm converts inputs into products or services. higher productivity (doing more with less) results in lower costs, lower prices, higher market share, and higher profits
The basic control process of business begins with ____.
the establishment of clear standards of performance
task interdependence
the extent to which collective actions is regulated to complete an entire piece of work
In a leaderless group discussion, trained observers watch and score each participant on
the extent to which he or she facilitates discussion, listens, leads, persuades, and works well with others
excess capacity
the facility is more than necessary and those products or services must be priced at higher levels. costs may also be higher due to unused inventories of materials and finished goods
For a fast-food restaurant chain that is famous for its small, square hamburgers, Which of the following would be a component of its sociocultural environment
the fact most consumers prefer eating out rather than at home
product/service mix
the first operations management concern is to decide how many lines of products or services to offer, and what mixtures to offer them in. the number of lines offered will affect the facilities design and capacity
social loafing
the force of an individual is much larger when by themselves. with more people team force increases but individual force decreases. team force continues to increase and individual force continues to decrease the larger the team gets and the more social loafing goes unnoticed
reengineering
the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical, comtemporary measures of performances, such as costs, quality, service and speed
which of the following statements about team development is true
the growth stages are forming, norming, and performing
Which of the following paradigms for managing diversity not only takes into account surface-level diversity but also focuses on integrating deep-level diversity differences such as personality, attitudes, beliefs, and values into the actual work of the organization?
the learning and effectiveness paradigm
decentralization
the location a significant amount of authority in the lower levels of the organization; workers are authorized to make decisions are solve problems on their own; has faster decision making and happier customers and workers
centralization of authority
the location of most authority at the upper levels of the organization
dysfunctional turnover
the loss of high performers who choose to leave, is a costly loss to the organization.
the three key parts of material requirements planning (MRP) are ___
the master production schedule, the bill of materials, and inventory records
which of the following positions most likely performs a staff function
the member of the office cleaning crew
compare performance standards
the next step is to compare actual performance to standards. the size of the discrepancy or deviation between the standards and actual performance forms the basis for corrective action. the quality f the comparison largely depends on the measurement and information systems a company uses to keep track of performance
skill variety
the number of different activieties performed in a job
According to ______, leaders need to make clear how followers can achieve organizational goals, take care of problems that prevent followers from achieving goals, and then find more and varied reward to motivate followers who achieve those gaols
the path-goal theory
change agent
the person formally charged with guiding a change effort
recruitment
the process of attracting job candidates likely to have the right characteristics and skills to fill job openings
Validation
the process of determining how well a selection test or procedures predict future job performance
selection
the process of evaluating and choosing the best qualified candidate from the pool of applicants by using appropriate election devices
job analysis
the process of gathering basic fact about a job for the purpose of describing job duties, tasks, and responsibilities
Selection
the process of gathering information about job applicants to decide who should be offered a job
Needs assessment
the process of identifying and prioritizing the learning needs of employees -training should never be done without conducting this first
performance analysis
the process of identifying performance weaknesses by using performance appraisal information
authority
the right to give commands, take action, and make decisions to achieve organizational objectives
Authority
the right to give commands, take action, and make decisions to achieve organizational objectives. Traditionally, organizational authority has been characterized by the following dimensions: chain of command line versus staff authority delegation of authority degree of centralization.
