mgmt 3000 exam 4

Which of the following statements regarding power distribution research is INCORRECT?

In comparing rankings given to managers with regard to their influence, there was general agreement on the top five but no agreement on the bottom five.

Ramone feels that he was unfairly passed over for a promotion at his firm. How might he deal with the perceived inequity?

Increase his outcomes.

Which of the following statements regarding the positive and negative consequences of power is INCORRECT?

Individuals are often quick to question the actions of those in power.

Which of the following statements is NOT an effective approach to disciplining employees?

No two employees or incidents are the same, so no two employee should be disciplined the same way.

Research on procedural justice suggests

it is best to be consistent in the manner in which employees are disciplined for violating company policy for situations like cell phone usage.

Which of the following statements regarding the Asch studies is INCORRECT?

A dissenting minority response caused the participants to give the correct answer only if that minority also gave the right answer.

Which of the following statements regarding the Zimbardo study is correct?

The Zimbardo study was ended early due to the participant's deep entrenchment of the roles.

Joaquin received the Chancellor's Award and an $8,000 scholarship for a research paper and formal presentation he created. He believes that he worked hard for the paper and the presentation. Joaquin would feel a sense of

high distributive justice.

Which of the following is NOT an outcome in the Hackman and Oldham job characteristics model?

organizational citizenship

Frederick Taylor's work led to a fundamental change in management philosophy. The change

paved the way for today's automation and standardization.

Which of the following factors do not determine empowerment?

pay

Which of the following is NOT a core job characteristic in the Hackman and Oldham job characteristics model?

pay

All of the following are actions those who perceive inequity can undertake to "balance the scales" EXCEPT

produce higher quality work.

One way to satisfy self-actualization needs is to

pursue a master's degree through a company's tuition reimbursement program.

Mark is the only individual in his organization who speaks Spanish fluently. His firm just purchased a firm located in Mexico. Mark's boss just told him how valuable he is to the firm. This scenario is an example of what factor in the relationship between dependency and power?

scarcity

All of the following would be effective means of stimulating conflict EXCEPT

building clarity into the situation.

Al Dunlap was recognized as a turnaround artist for firms experiencing financial and performance difficulties. When Dunlap arrived at a firm, downsizing usually followed. Dunlap received the nickname, "Chainsaw Al" due to his cost-cutting abilities. When Dunlap arrived at a firm he would recommend major restructuring and though they were not supportive of his tactics, his managers implemented his plan. Dunlap had ___________ power.

legitimate

If you wanted to be perceived as a fair person, take this piece of advice:

"Think before you speak. Be considerate of others."

Which of the following statements is true?

A need for power can have an altruistic form.

Research on communication indicates all of the following EXCEPT

Although good communication helps retain effective performers, it does not increase a firm's market share.

Analyzing Trader Joe's success using Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation would suggest that

Contextual, content, and growth needs factors all help to contribute to Trader Joe's success.

How could a firm best satisfy an employee's safety needs?

Create a job security clause in the employment contract.

In comparing Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory to Alderfer's ERG theory

ERG theory recognizes more than one need may operate at one time.

Which of the following is a need based theory of motivation?

ERG theory.

All of the following statements regarding negotiations around the world are correct EXCEPT

Eastern cultures tend view negotiations as a business activity while Western cultures see it as a social activity.

Which of the following statements is true about empowerment?

Employees who are nervous about empowerment may also worry about the increased responsibility.

Chloe and Francois are graphic designers at Highland Lithographics. Both have the same job description. Earlier this month, Chloe found out that Francois makes $12.50 an hour while she makes $11.00. What theory of motivation best explains why Chloe went to her boss to complain about the pay disparity?

Equity theory

Which of the following is true regarding the motivating potential of a job?

Even though a job is designed with the express purpose of motivating individuals, some employees may not find the job motivational.

Which of the following describes the elements of the Hackman and Oldham job characteristics model?

Five core job characteristics lead to three psychological states which lead to five outcomes.

Which of the following is an advantage to job specialization?

Staffing costs are lower because the repetitive nature of tasks makes skill requirements lower.

In which of the following scenarios would you expect high performance?

The team members seem to get along well enough, but on occasion they will argue about a number of issues.

Maria is conducting a seminar on active listening. She is preparing a list of ways to improve one's active listening. Which of the following statements is not on her list?

To not be rude, do not ask questions of the sender.

Almost all managers surveyed suggest workplace politics exist in their organizations and that to be successful individuals must engage in politics.

True

Men and women tend to differ in their communication styles. Which of the following statements regarding those differences is correct?

Women focus on intuition in communicating; men on data.

All of the following would freeze a conversation EXCEPT

You are very skilled at that.

Conflict is

a process that involves people disagreeing.

Intrapersonal conflict is

a type of conflict that arises when a person is uncertain about what is expected or wanted or has a sense of being inadequate to the task.

Political behaviors in organizations include all of the following EXCEPT

alliance building.

An example of a crucial conversation is

asking for a raise

Alderfer's theory of motivation does all of the following EXCEPT

assume needs are hierarchically-based

All of the following are aspects of crucial conversations EXCEPT

communications experts suggest using "but" not "and" in crucial conversations.

The ability to influence those in positions lower than yours is

downward influence.

In the communication process model, the task of translating an idea into words is called

encoding

Alderfer's growth needs correspond to Maslow's

esteem needs.

Giving students a free mug, t-shirt, or blanket just for getting their names on a mailing list at an organization is an example of the ____________ influence tactic. Research suggests individuals try to repay what has been given them.

exchange

Power that comes from knowledge and skill is

expert power.

Nancy is the human resource manager at Alba Company. She needs to lay off twenty employees who are all located at her facility. Which communication channel should she use to deliver the layoff information?

face-to-face conversation

Jason received the sales report and noted how badly the southern sector performed. As he prepared the a presentation for the weekly executive meeting, Jason decided to focus his remarks on the northern and western sectors, which had record sales levels, and refrain from mentioning the southern numbers. This scenario focuses on the communication barrier of

filtering

Maslow's physiological needs may be satisfied by:

food.

Research shows that when confronted with a conflict situation, subordinates are most likely to use all of the following conflict handling styles EXCEPT

forcing

Research shows that when managers are dealing with conflict they prefer which conflict handling style?

forcing

The simple premise of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory is

human beings have needs that are hierarchically ranked.

The first step of an organizational behavior modification program is

identify behavior to be modified.

Negative reinforcement

increases the desired behavior.

When negotiating a deal on the purchase of a new automobile, Bradley had manufacturing cost data from his neighbor who worked for the car manufacturer. Bradley got himself a good deal on his purchase due to his ___________ power in the negotiation.

information

Effective managers tend to use more

information-rich channels.

Using different forms of making others feel good about themselves is the influence tactic of

ingratiation.

If both parties to a budget negotiation seek to expand the overall budget so that each party gets more, this is an example of which kind of negotiation strategy?

integrative approach

Which of the following is not an aspect of the verbal strategy of impression management?

intent of your speech

Nancy and Mary are in the same sorority. Nancy is running for the university's student government treasurer position. Mary says, "I'll never vote for her, whether she is my sister or not." Mary is experiencing what kind of conflict?

interpersonal

Conflict between two individuals such as coworkers is

interpersonal conflict.

Research suggests all of the following are outcomes of impression management EXCEPT impression management

is less influential in unstructured interviews than structured interviews.

Coercive power

is the ability to take something away or punish someone for noncompliance.

Communication that is asynchronous

is written by the sender and can be read any time by the receiver.

The value of the resource is

its importance.

A professor assigns grades due to _________ power.

legitimate

Job specialization can

minimize training costs.

Information-rich channels convey more

nonverbal information.

The ability to influence the behavior of others to get what you want is

power.

Getting a person to enter an employee assistance program for a substance abuse problem as a condition of keeping their job is an example of using the ____________ influence tactic.

pressure

According to surveys, the most frequently used influence tactic is

rational persuasion.

Job enlargement

refers to expanding the tasks performed by employees to add more variety.

Structural empowerment

refers to the aspects of the work environment that give employees discretion, autonomy and the ability to do jobs effectively.

A communication receiver who is preparing his comment or answer and not really listening to the sender is

rehearsing

Maslow's theory of motivation is criticized because

research does not support the argument that satisfied needs no longer motivate behavior.

The college organization president spoke to her members noting that the organization needed monetary donations to reach their goals. She cited numerous reasons why the money was needed and encouraged all members to call alumni members of the group for such donations. She suggested that the group members remind the alumni of the organization's importance and their ties to that group. John dislikes asking anyone for money and decided not to make the calls. John is responding to the president's influence tactics with

resistance.

When the influence target does not wish to comply with the request and either passively or actively repels the influence attempt, they are exhibiting

resistance.

The ability to grant an increase in pay, a perk, or an attractive job assignment is ___________ power.

reward

Steve Kerr's phenomenon, "the folly of rewarding A while hoping for B" is demonstrated by

rewarding a manager who orders the release of a shipment of manufactured parts full of defects to meet a deadline in spite of the company's highly advertised quality commitment.

All of the following are individual antecedents of political behavior EXCEPT

role ambiguity.

Jared is a member of the engineering department in the manufacturing firm and also serves on the Strategy 2015 team, which is crafting an engineering strategy for the firm's future. He has a "Do not miss" meeting in the engineering department scheduled for Wednesday at 8 a.m. and just received an urgent email about a "Can't miss" meeting for the strategy group at 8:15 a.m. Wednesday morning. Jared is experiencing

role conflict.

All of the following are examples of intrapersonal conflict EXCEPT

role reversal.

Alderfer's existence needs correspond to Maslow's

safety needs

Which of the following is a hygiene factor in Herzberg's theory of motivation?

salary.

Martin is the financial director of the small business. He recently read a memo from one department presenting a new idea for a product. During the discussion on the item afterward, Martin kept focusing on the cost of producing and marketing that product. The barrier facing Martin in this scenario is

selective perception.

A professor decides to save paper by posting her syllabus on the university's web-based course application program instead of printing it and handing it out during the first class. She sends an e-mail to all her students prior to the actual start of the course that reads, "Your syllabus is available on Courseweb. I will go over that syllabus during the first class but, since I am attempting to conserve paper, will not make a copy available to you. Students however, are welcome to print out their own copy of the syllabus." In this scenario, the professor has what role in the communication process?

sender

Referent power

stems from the personal characteristics of the person such as the degree to which we respect and want to be like them

Recent surveys indicate that managers spend a majority of their time communicating with what group?

subordinates

The organizational behavior course has a project as a key requirement in the course. As part of the course's evaluation, students must indicate which group member is the most valuable to the group. The designated individual will receive bonus points. Nick is the only one in his course project group who can create effective PowerPoint presentations. As the group's presentation must feature a visual aid, Nick is very confident he will be chosen as the most valuable group member. Elizabeth just arrived at the group meeting with ideas for depicting colorful poster boards with the same information. The group was very enthusiastic about her novel ideas. This scenario demonstrates the impact ___________ has on the level of power one has.

substitutability

Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory of motivation

suggests once basic needs are satisfied, higher order needs become motivators.

Active listening involves

taking time to understand the points being made.

What job would be best suited for someone with a high need for affiliation?

teacher

In expectancy theory, valence is

the anticipated satisfaction that will result from an outcome.

Research on the direction of influence and the effectiveness of various influence techniques indicates

the better the quality of relationship between the subordinate and supervisor, the more positively resistance to influence techniques are seen.

Autonomy is

the degree to which a person has the freedom to decide how to perform his tasks.

Task identity is

the degree to which a person is in charge of completing an identifiable piece of work from start to finish.

Interactional justice is

the degree to which people are treated with respect, kindness and dignity in interpersonal interactions.

Esteem needs are

the desire to feel important.

Negotiation is

the process whereby two or more parties work toward an agreement.

All of the following are criticisms of Herzberg's theory of motivation EXCEPT

the theory suggests that improving the environment only goes so far in motivating employees.

Research on equity theory suggests

those who feel over-rewarded experience little distress over the situation.

Praising the employee occasionally when the person shows up on time is an example of __________________ of reinforcement.

variable ratio

A memo is an example of

written communication.

Marcus wants a record of his communication and is not physically near the person to whom he is communicating. He knows it will take the recipient of his communication some time to understand the message conveyed. What communication channel should Marcus utilize?

written report

Anna is placing her workgroup's lunch order over the phone with the Pizza Shoppe. She is using what type of communication?

verbal

Individuals with a high need for affiliation

want to be accepted by others.

Task significance is

whether a person's job substantially affects other people's health, work or well-being.

Which of the following statements regarding impression management is INCORRECT?

At work, the most effective approach to impression management is to build credibility and be the person you want to be.

Which of the following statements regarding antecedents of political behavior is INCORRECT?

Authoritarian decision making leads to more political behavior in the organization.

If there is conflict between two members of a team and the underlying reason for the conflict is personality differences, what is a viable way of managing the organizational conflict?

Change the composition of the team by separating the individuals at odds.

If two marketing groups within a firm's marketing department are vying against each other for a larger percentage of the budget, which option that the marketing manager could consider to manage the organizational conflict would be MOST effective?

Focus the attention of the two groups on a common "enemy" such as another firm that that they compete with for business.

Research indicates which of the following findings regarding negotiations is correct?

Individuals who were unable to negotiate a deal in previous negotiation situations tended to have lower outcomes in subsequent negotiations than those who had initially negotiated deals in the past.

_______________ power is more effective than formal power bases and is positively related to employee performance and organizational commitment.

Referent

In the sentence, "I did not tell the teacher you were cheating," if the word "I" was emphasized by the tone of your voice, what are you implying?

Someone else told the teacher you were cheating.

Nina is a career counselor in a university's career development office. She is making recommendations to a student in a career planning session related to improving the quality of the student's conversation. Which piece of advice should be deleted from Nina's list?

Speak more than the receiver.

In which of the following scenarios are you most likely to experience conflict?

The firm just instituted a matrix structure

Which of the following statements regarding upward influence is INCORRECT?

While helping higher-ups be more effective can help employees gain more power for themselves, there is no gain for those same employees from allowing those below to influence them.

All of the following statements are correct with regard to determining your BATNA EXCEPT

You must determine your own BATNA but there is little you can do with regard to the BATNA of the party with whom you are negotiating.

External communication about a client's product or service created for a specific receiver is

a press release

Olivia and her teenage daughter, Natalie, are arguing again about whether Natalie should go to a family gathering this Sunday or attend an outing with her friends. Olivia and her daughter argue about this topic every week. This time, Olivia turns to her daughter and says, "OK, if it is that important that you go out with Jenna Sunday, then I can agree this time around." Olivia is using what conflict handling style?

accommodation

An external communication that combines the look of an article with the focused message of an ad is

an advertorial.

Downward influence is best achieved through

an inspiring vision.

Allan is a member of a union. The supervisor at the firm where he works gave Allan a three-day suspension for not wearing his protective shoes on the manufacturing floor of his firm. Allan appealed the suspension and the company's plant manager refused to rescind the suspension. The union wants to appeal this decision to a neutral third party for a ruling. What procedure does the union want to utilize?

arbitration

Nicholas is the production manager for a manufacturing firm. He has two supervisors who are experiencing conflict with each other based upon personality differences. Nicholas should have held a meeting last week to discuss next year's budget, but cancelled it because the two supervisors had a verbal confrontation on the shop floor the previous day. What conflict handling style is Nicholas demonstrating?

avoidance

Listening

can be demonstrated to the sender by nonverbal signals like the nod of a head.

The ability to attract others, win their admiration, and hold them spellbound is

charisma.

The use of client lists by advertisers and businesses to promote goods and service is an example of the _____________ influence tactic. And, it works!

coalition

Maris Manufacturing is a unionized company producing customized metal units for the appliance and medical equipment industries. Each contract negotiation is a contentious affair for the union and management. However, over the past few months both union and management officials have become very concerned about the number of Maris union employees who are experiencing alcohol-related issues. Last month alone, six employees sought medical assistance under the employee assistance program. Management and union officials will be meeting next week to address the issue. This is an example of what conflict handling style?

collaboration

When a target agrees to a request and actively supports it, the target's response is

commitment.

Ned and Michael are managers of two different departments at Beckett Corporation. The two have not gotten along well over the years. Yesterday the two attended a budget meeting for the new fiscal year. Both wanted more funding for their departments. When the finance vice president suggested an increase for Ned's department, Michael became quite agitated and made a number of accusations about the nature of the numbers that Ned had used to support his position. After the meeting, Michael cornered the finance vice president in his office and continued his spiel on why his department deserved the extra funding but Ned's did not. What style of conflict handling does Michael exhibit?

competition

Mike was playing video games. His mother came downstairs and said, "Mike, your room is a mess. I want you to go upstairs right now and clean it up or you will not be able to go out on Saturday." Mike wanted to finish his game but saved it instead and went to clean his room. Mike has responded to Mom's influence attempt with

compliance.

To influence instrumentality, managers can

consistently reward high performers.

The influence tactic that works most effectively in organizations that value democratic decision making is

consultation.

Communication fulfills all of the following organizational functions EXCEPT

control

All of the following statements regarding organizational politics are correct EXCEPT

effective politics is all about winning at all costs.

Maslow's theory of motivation suggests

employee needs are ordered.

Research on employee perception of organizational politics finds all of the following if employees think that their organization is overly driven by politics, EXCEPT

employees have lower job satisfaction, but are no less committed to the organization.

Jason sent an email to his mother, "Ur never going 2 believe this. That prof gave me no credit for my paper. I h8 him." (with emoticons included). When his mother got the e-mail, it took her quite some time to decipher the message. Jason should have considered his audience when he _________ the message.

encoded

All of the following are organizational antecedents of political behavior EXCEPT

expectations of success.

Access to specific knowledge or skills is _______________ power

expert

Whitt Company made a substantial monetary offer to Bob to leave his design job at Lincoln Industries and come to work at Whitt. The Whitt CEO, on hearing some complaints from members of the Whitt Board of Directors about the size of Bob's pay package, responded, "Bob is one of the few people in the industry who really understands what the customer wants and can design it into the product." Bob has ____________ power.

expert

A professor decides to save paper by posting her syllabus on the university's web-based course application program instead of printing it and handing it out during the first class. She sends an e-mail to all her students prior to the actual start of the course that reads, "Your syllabus is available on Courseweb. I will go over that syllabus during the first class but, since I am attempting to conserve paper, will not make a copy available to you. Students however, are welcome to print out their own copy of the syllabus." Students come to class and ask why they are not receiving syllabi. This question represents what aspect of the communication model?

feedback

All of the following are rules for active listening EXCEPT

find areas of agreement with the speaker.

Mark has been the teachers' union representative for contract negotiations for the past five contracts. Today the school district presented a counterproposal in which they requested that teachers make a minimal contribution for their healthcare premiums. The expiring contract makes the school district entirely responsible for the premiums. Mark is outraged. He throws the proposal given him on the floor and yells at the school district representative as he exits the negotiation room, "This is a pure and simple insult to my members and I will not sit at a table with anyone who treats them so poorly." Mark is committing what negotiation mistake?

getting overly emotional

Nejah is reading a report on employee justice perception. The article notes all of the following points EXCEPT

high levels of justice lead to support of unionization.

An example of extinction is

ignoring a coworker who is telling dirty jokes.

Positive reinforcement

increases the desired behavior.

Michele is being considered for a managerial position at Halliburton. She completes a TAT as part of an assessment center exercise for prospective managers. Facilitators will examine the results carefully for their manager choices knowing that

individuals high in need for achievement may find it difficult to delegate authority to subordinates.

Attempting to get others to do what we want is

influence.

Martha's mom asks her to go to the grocery store for her. Martha agrees and heads upstairs to get ready. Before she leaves her house, she sits down at her desk to check her e-mail and receives a text message from her friend Nancy to turn on the television and see the story about their friend, Jill. As the story about Jill comes on, Martha's mom comes in and asks Martha to get her an eight-ounce can of diced tomatoes. Martha smiles at Mom and nods and listens to the story on television as she e-mails Sandra and picks up her phone to text Nancy. When Martha gets to the store, she heads to the tomato aisle and stands in front of the pureed tomatoes trying to remember if mom wanted an 8- or 16-ounce can. This scenario depicts which barrier to communication?

information overload

The Teach for America representative faced the group of college students and asked, "Do you want to make a difference in this world? Do you want to give back for all the good things you have had happen to you over your lifetime? Do you want to help a child have a chance, a chance like yours? Then, won't you consider giving just nine months of your life to make a difference? Consider joining me and thousands of your peers in leading this country in a new direction by taking part in Teach for America." The representative is using the _______________ influence tactic.

inspirational appeal

A piece rate system

is a program where employees are paid on the basis of individual output produced.

Job specialization

is breaking down jobs into their simplest components and assigning them to employees so that each person will perform a few tasks in a repetitive manner.

Which of the following factors has the most influence on worker motivation?

job design

All of the following statements about job enrichment are true EXCEPT

job enrichment is a suitable technique to be used with any employee.

Bill is speaking to a group of fellow marketing specialists at a national convention. He opens his presentation with a dumb blonde joke. Unfortunately, there is dead silence in the room. Bill did not fully address which barrier to communication in preparing his speech?

lack of source familiarity or credibility

A professor decides to save paper by posting her syllabus on the university's web-based course application program instead of printing it and handing it out during the first class. She sends an e-mail to all her students prior to the actual start of the course that reads, "Your syllabus is available on Courseweb. I will go over that syllabus during the first class but, since I am attempting to conserve paper, will not make a copy available to you. Students however, are welcome to print out their own copy of the syllabus." The email sent by the professor represents what aspect of the communication model?

medium

Research on effective teams indicates that they experience

moderate levels of process conflict at the beginning of the project timeline.

A professor decides to save paper by posting her syllabus on the university's web-based course application program instead of printing it and handing it out during the first class. She sends an e-mail to all her students prior to the actual start of the course that reads, "Your syllabus is available on Courseweb. I will go over that syllabus during the first class but, since I am attempting to conserve paper, will not make a copy available to you. Students however, are welcome to print out their own copy of the syllabus." If students try to go online to view the syllabus and the university's computer system keeps shutting down on them as they read the syllabus, the students are dealing with what aspect of the communication model?

noise

Ariel was writing a paper at her laptop when the phone rang. She answered it but kept writing as she talked. It was a friend who needed an assignment that had been given last week. Ariel e-mailed her the assignment. A second e-mail just arrived from the friend, which said: "I said the assignment for Monday, this is Wednesday's." Ariel likely made the mistake because of the _________ in her communication situation.

noise

Your posture, hand gestures, and eye contact are all examples of what aspect of impression management?

nonverbal

Intergroup conflict

occurs between two departments.

Communication usually travels diagonally to

other departments.

Your roommate says to you, "I really need to make sure that I do not have any typos or misspelled words on my cover letter for my business communications class. Will you please read it for me?" This is an example of the

personal appeal influence tactic.

Which of the following is NOT an impression management category that an individual can use to accomplish the outcomes desired?

personality

During which phase of the negotiation process does an individual assemble the information gathered in such a manner that his position is supported?

presentation

The school district negotiator notes during contract negotiations with the teachers' union that the district cannot afford a 3% wage increase. The district negotiator presents the current expenditure budget, the projected tax revenue and state contributions, and the currently increasing unemployment rate in the community's tax base as evidence of the lack of extra money for the increases. The district negotiator is attempting to convince the teachers' negotiator to pull back his demands using

rational persuasion.

A professor decides to save paper by posting her syllabus on the university's web-based course application program instead of printing it and handing it out during the first class. She sends an e-mail to all her students prior to the actual start of the course that reads, "Your syllabus is available on Courseweb. I will go over that syllabus during the first class but, since I am attempting to conserve paper, will not make a copy available to you. Students however, are welcome to print out their own copy of the syllabus." Given the above scenario, the students have what role in the communication process?

receiver

Professor Lamb is a fabulous speaker—funny, topical, and very knowledgeable about his subject. His classes are always filled as soon as they open for scheduling and the waiting list to get into them is long. Students never miss his class and they highly recommend him to their friends. Graduate students want to study with him to learn his techniques. Professor Lamb has ___________ power.

referent

Managers at a pharmaceutical research and development firm have checkbooks that they carry around with them as they monitor their subordinates. If a manager notes outstanding behavior by a subordinate, they can write the high-level performer a check on the spot. This is an example of the manager's ___________ power.

reward

A mediator should enter a negotiation when

the parties are unable to find a solution.

Mediation is

the process where a third party enters the situation with the goal of assisting the parties to reach an agreement.

Maslow's social needs could be satisfied by

attending a department picnic after work.

Which of the following statements regarding performance incentives is NOT true?

When awarded stock options, employees tend to hold on to them rather than sell them.

Research on performance incentives suggest all of the following EXCEPT

employees report lower levels of pay satisfaction under pay-for-performance systems.

One of the dimensions of structural empowerment is

access to information.

To empower your employees,

change the company structure so employees have more power on the job.

People's tendencies to behave consistently with social norms is

conformity.

When reinforcers follow all examples of positive behavior you are using a __________ ___________ of reinforcement.

continuous schedule

Scientific management's primary focus is

efficiency.

All of the following are advantages of job rotation EXCEPT

employees become less marketable after rotating because their skill sets become very company-specific.

Michael has two finals, accounting and organizational behavior, on the same day of finals week. Based on expectancy theory, which of the following statements suggest how he should allocate his limited study time?

Accounting is Michael's major, OB is a general business requirement in his academic program. Michael aspires to be a CPA, so he decides to focus his study time on Accounting.

Which of the following statements regarding performance incentives is true?

Companies are increasingly choosing to implement team- or group-based pay-for-performance programs over individual-based pay-for-performance programs.

Which of the following statements is true about the manner in which managers can influence the perceptions of expectancy theory?

Conduct employee surveys periodically to ascertain what they consider to be rewards for performance and integrate that in some manner into the performance evaluation program.

Which of the following statements about job enlargement is NOT true?

Job enlargement involving giving employees more tasks requiring them to be knowledgeable in different areas has fewer positive effects than job enlargement adding tasks that are very simple in nature.

Which of the following statements is true about job design approaches?

Job enrichment may lead to employee frustration or dissatisfaction with pay.

You work for your college's annual alumni fund. You have averaged 25 phone calls in a three-hour shift throughout your employment. Your supervisor now demands that you increase that number to 40 calls per three-hour shift. You feel that you do not have the skills or the time to make 40 calls; this is an unrealistic goal. According to expectancy theory, you are experiencing

Low equity

Which of the following need-based theories has received the greatest amount of support?

McClelland's acquired needs theory

___________ is an example of felt empowerment.

Meaningful work

Which of the following statements is INACCURATE about job rotation?

Rotation leads to slightly elevated blood pressure measured in employees using the process due to their movement between jobs.

When organizational behavior modification is used to examine employee absenteeism, which step looks at why employees are absent?

Step 3: Analyze behavior antecedents and outcomes.

Which of the following is correct regarding aspects of the relationship between dependency and power?

The more dependent you are on another, the less power you have.

Which of the following statements regarding the Milgram experiment on conformity to authority is correct?

The researcher/experimenter's role was very important in obtaining group compliance with the experiment procedures/guidelines.

Your paycheck could likely satisfy which of the following needs identified by Maslow?

all of the above.

Job enrichment

allows workers more control over how they perform their own tasks.

Job rotation

involves moving employees from job to job at regular intervals.

Employee autonomy has all of the following positive benefits but

it makes the employees more reactive in doing their jobs.

Stuart works on an auto assembly line. Last year he was responsible for welding the upper panel of the wheel well onto the left rear wheel area. This year, he is responsible for welding all parts of the entire left rear wheel area. This auto assembly line underwent a job re-design using the ________ ________technique.

job enlargement.

Olaf works on an assembly line in an Oslo factory. Last month the assembly line processes were overhauled. Olaf is still responsible for soldering electrical contacts on an appliance component, but now he is also expected to review each component for quality defects after he solders. If he notes any defects, he can place the component in the scrap bin. If he scraps five such pieces in succession, he is permitted to press an emergency button above his station, which stops the assembly line completely. This job re-design is a reflection of the _____ ______________ philosophy.

job enrichment

Maria works at a factory in Lima, Peru where she sews blue jeans for a major American firm. On Mondays, she sews the side seams of the jeans, on Tuesdays she sews on pockets, Wednesdays she presses finished jeans, Thursdays she folds jeans, packages sets of twelve in shrink wrap and places them in boxes, and on Friday she sews decorative stitching on the pockets and side seams. Maria is working under the job design technique of

job rotation.

The local high school band needs to raise money to pay for a trip to New York City. It decides to sell sandwiches. Early Saturday morning, 20 volunteers report to the school cafeteria to make sandwiches. Stations are set up to make the 500 sandwiches ordered for that day. Station one has four individuals cutting sandwich buns, station two has four individuals placing the meats on the rolls, station three, etc. The individual who devised the sandwich-making production plan is operating under a

job specialization approach.

Power that comes from one's organizational role or position is

legitimate power.

A number of weight loss products advertised on television feature doctors who note the safety and effectiveness of the product. This approach to convincing viewers to purchase the product is an example of the _______________ influence tactic.

legitimating

Which of the following psychological states is the most important for employee attitudes and behaviors?

meaningfulness

The collaborative work environment at Trader Joe's satisfies which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

social

Skill variety is

the extent to which the job requires a person to utilize multiple high level skills.

The relationship between dependency and power suggests

the more unique your resource, the more power you will have.