MGMT 309 Chapter 12
OD assumptions
1. Employees desire to grow and develop 2. Employees have a need to be accepted 3. individuals will influence the organization and the organization will influence the individuals
Marina, the store manager of a store that sells women's shoes, decides to change the focus of the store to women's handbags. Following the Lewin model, which of the following should be Marina's first step?
1. Unfreezing - She should explain to her subordinates the necessity to make the change.
Steps in the change process - Lewin Model
1. Unfreezing: individuals must be shown why the change is necessary 2. implementing the change 3. refreezing: reinforcing and supporting the change so that it becomes a permanent part of the system
Timeless Ventures, a renowned watch store, decides to sell electronic goods, clothes, and footwear in addition to selling watches. According to the areas of organization change, which of the following processes will Timeless Ventures have to implement to carry out this major transition?
Business process change
_____ is the stage in which an organization takes a developed idea and uses it in the design, manufacturing, or delivery of new products, services, or processes.
Innovation application
Workers at an automobile factory demand higher pay and better benefits. This leads to a subsequent change in pay policies. This is an example of organization change due to a(n) _____.
Internal force
A(n) _____ is the person who actually conceives of and develops a new idea, product, or service by means of the creative process.
Inventor
_____ is any substantive modification to some part of the organization
Organization Change; can involve any aspect of an organization: work schedules, span of management
A change in the distribution of authority is an example of a change in:
Organization Structure and design
According to the comprehensive approach to change, which of the following is the first step in the change process?
Recognition of the need for change
_____ is the radical redesign of all aspects of a business to achieve major gains in cost, service, or time.
Reengineering
The final step in the Lewin Model
Refreezing: reinforcing and supporting the change so that it becomes part of the system
Which of the following is an external force that drives an organization toward change?
Technological innovations in the market
true of Process innovations
They are changes in the way products or services are manufactured, created, or distributed.
Product innovation
a change in the physical characteristics or performance of existing products or service or the creation of brand new products or services
Process innovation
a change in the way a product or service is manufactured, created or distributed
Incremental innovation
a new product that modifies an existing - does not significantly affect the competition
organization change
any substantive modification to some part of the organization ; work schedules, machinery
managerial innovation
changing the management processes by which products and services are conceived, built, and delivered to customers
technical innovation
changing the physical appearance of an product or service, or the physical processes through which a product or service is manufactured
planned change
designed and implemented in an orderly and timely fashion in anticipation of future events
Rebecca decides to introduce a new discount strategy to the customers of her restaurant. Before deciding upon the strategy, she holds a meeting with her employees so that they can express their opinions and suggestions. In this scenario, Rebecca attempts to overcome her employees' resistance to change by _____.
encouraging participation
Reek Row, a local café, decreases the prices of its coffees. It does this in an attempt to encourage customers to choose its café over its competitor, a neighboring coffee shop that sells coffee at lower prices. This is an example of organization change due to a(n) _____.
external force
which of the following is true of force-field analysis
it helps in overcoming resistance to change
production champion
middle manager who learns about the product and becomes committed to it
OD's goal
minimize the magnitude of future changes by recognizing small changes that can take place over time
radical innovation
new product developed by an organization that completely replaces the existing product, service, or technology - changes nature of competition
Diagnostic activities, third-party peacemaking, and process consultation are activities associated with:
organization developmetn
inventor
person who conceives of and develops new ideas, product or service by means of the creative process
organization development
planned effort that is organization-wide and managed from the top, intended to increase organizational effectiveness and health through planned interventions in the organizations process, using behavioral science knowledge
Colin's Crib, a local pizza shop, sells pizza to customers who visit the store. Recently, it introduces home delivery for its customers. This is an example of a _____.
process innovation
_____ are changes in the physical characteristics or performance of existing commodities or services or the creation of brand-new commodities or services.
product innovations
_____ is a piecemeal response to circumstances as they develop.
reactive change
According to the Lewin model, refreezing refers to:
reinforcing a change so that it becomes a part of the system
Revival Anew, a home furnishing company, decides to upgrade its wood processing machinery. This is an example of a change in the area of _____.
technology and operations
innovation
the managed effort of an organization to develop new products or services or new uses for existing products or services
sponsor
top manager who approves of and supports a project - willing to fight as an advocate
An example of an internal force that drives an organization toward change is:
workers demand for a change in working hours
