MGMT 371 (Ch 2-9)
Expectancy Theory
Effort, performance and outcome
Which describes Behavioral Modeling
Gina following Roberto for a week to observe and learn
The rational decision-making model offers a step-by-step approach to making decisions that maximizes outcomes by examining all available alternatives.
True
Two types of Social Support for stress is instrumental and emotional
True
Values are things that people want andseek to attain
True
Which describes theExpectancy Theory
A. Belief that high level of effort will result in successful performance B. Behavior is directed toward pleasure C. Behavior is directed away from pain
Which describes Satisficing
A. It is a result of Bounded Rationality B. Result of inability to analyze every piece of information C. Selecting the first acceptable alternative
Which of the following statements reflects affective commitment?
A. My best friend works here B. I like my co-workers C. My current responsibilities arerewarding
Which is not part ofthe Operant Conditioning
Action plan, given to employee from supervisor
Organizational commitment
Affective, Continuance, Normative
_________blank are usually the most accurate and most effective in assessing the job satisfaction of nonmanagerial employees.
Attitude surveys
_________blank can provide a "snapshot" of how satisfied the workforce is and, if repeated over time, reveal trends in satisfaction levels.
Attitude surveys
Schedule of Reinforcement
Continuous, fixed & variable intervals, fixed & variable ratios
Behaviors and thoughts people use to manage stressful situations
Coping
Employee behaviors that intentionally hinder organizational goal accomplishment are referred to as
Counterproductive behaviors
Which of the following scenarios illustrates a case of ethnocentrism?
Dave, a millwright from Kentucky, ignores input from engineers at his tractor company's Japanese subsidiary because he believes Americans build the best tractors.
Which describes the decision-making bias of Framing
Decide based on how the question is phrased
_________blank is the process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem.
Decision making
Level of Trust
Disposition, Cognition and Affect based trust
4 Dimensions of Justice
Distributive, procedural, interpersonal & informational
Challenge Stressors are stressors that limit growth and development
False
Justice and ethics do not play a role in the development of trust in someone
False
Low-power distance cultures tend to accept the fact that power is usually distributed unequally within organizations.
False
Equity Theory
• Mental ledger of inputs/outputs • Equity, under-rewarded, over-rewarded
Moods and Emotions
• Mood - mild in intensity, last long period of time • Emotions - intense, short period of time, aimed at something/someone
Sources of self-efficacy
• Past accomplishments, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, emotional cues • Task requirements, personal situation & resources
Contingencies of Reinforcement
• Positive & negative reinforcement • Extinction & Punish
Hinderance Stressors
• Role conflict, ambiguity, & overload, daily hassles • Work-family conflict, negative life events, finances
Challenge Stressors
• Time pressure task complexity, work responsibilities • Family time demands, personal development, positive lifeevents
_________blank is the set of energetic forces that originates both within and outside an employee; initiates work-related effort; and determines its direction, intensity, and persistence.
Motivation
Which describes the distributive justice Need rule
A new employee given reduced workload to learn position
_________blank reflects the degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally accepted moral norms.
Ethics
_________blank knowledge is information that is relatively easily communicated and a large part of what companies teach during training sessions.
Explicit
Knowledge
Explicit & Tacit
Which of the following scenarios demonstrates how workers determine efficacy levels through past experiences?
Fahad reviews his LinkedIn profile and realizes he has accumulated many skills.
As goals move from moderate to difficult, the intensity and persistence of the effort needed are minimized.
False
Which of the following scenarios represents a zero-acquaintance situation?
Larry is at a conference and has just been introduced to Heidi.
Decision making problems
Limited information, faulty perceptions. Faulty attributions, escalation of commitment
Learning
Reinforcement, observation, goal orientation
Task Performance
Routine, Adaptive, Creative
Goal Setting Theory
Specific difficult goals, self set goal, intensity, persistence task strategies
_________blank occurs when former or current employees expose illegal or immoral actions by their organization.
Whistleblowing
Rosaria, an art director for an advertising company, has been an overachiever throughout her career. She enjoys the intellectual stimulation she has at work. She feels her work allows her to use her creativity and artistic skills to their full potential. Which of the following work value categories is important to Rosaria?
Work itself
According to the RIASEC model, an investigative personality type enjoys
abstract, analytical, and theory-oriented tasks.
The "A" in the S.M.A.R.T. goals acronym stands for
achievable.
Jamal, a police officer with a big-city force, apprehended a suspect fleeing the scene of a gas station robbery. The suspect ran for three blocks, taking several sharp turns, before Jamal managed to tackle and handcuff him and read him his rights, by which time other officers had arrived on the scene to take him to the station for booking. Jamal later described the situation to family and friends as "all in a day's work," but in organizational terms this is an example of
adaptive task performance.
Punishment occurs when
an unwanted outcome follows an unwanted behavior.
When your job provides _________blank, you view the outcomes of it as the product of your efforts rather than the result of careful instructions from your boss or a well-written manual of procedures.
autonomy
When employees observe the actions of others, learn from what they observe, and then repeat what they have observed, they are engaging in
behavioral modeling.
The management technique known as _________blank involves measuring performance by directly assessing job performance behaviors.
behaviorally anchored rating scales
If employees are keeping coworkers informed about relevant facts and events, they are
being courteous, an interpersonal citizenship behavior.
Tandy works in the legal department at SportCity, a chain of health clubs with a large regional office. In addition to performing the functions directly associated with her job, she goes out of her way to represent her department in companywide meetings, keeps up with announcements relevant to the legal department, and stays up to date on industry news related to SportCity. Her behavior is an example of
civic virtue.
Herb's office is impeccably organized. Herb always shows up on time and can be counted on to volunteer when someone is needed to go above and beyond usual duties. Herb says he will run the company someday, and he is willing to put in as many hours and as much work as it takes to get there. Herb exemplifies the personality trait of
conscientiousness.
Organizations use four specific consequences to modify employee behavior. These are known as
contingencies of reinforcement.
In _________blank a specific consequence follows each and every occurrence of a desired behavior.
continuous reinforcement
Employee behaviors that intentionally hinder organizational goal accomplishment are referred to as _________blank behaviors.
counterproductive
Bounded rationality describes the notion that
decision makers do not have the ability or resources to process all available information and alternatives to make an optimal decision.
Justice reflects the perceived fairness of an authority's
decision making.
Among the problems with the forced ranking system is that it
discourages employees from stepping outside the bounds of routine task behaviors.
Seeking support and venting anger are examples of which of the following coping strategies?
emotion-focused behavioral coping
Looking for the positive in the negative, and avoiding, distancing, and ignoring are examples of
emotion-focused cognitive coping strategies.
Oliver owns a furniture moving company. During late spring, especially when the local colleges go on summer break and students move out of the dorms, he finds himself overloaded with work, which often makes him feel irritable and anxious. To calm himself, he often takes time out to go swimming. In this example, the coping strategy that Oliver uses can be classified as
emotion-focused coping.
As he labors at his keyboard, Dae-jung is discovering one negative consequence of the rise in jobs that involve knowledge work. This negative consequence is most likely the fact that
employers may have unrealistic expectations about the speed at which employees can complete tasks.
Jing designs, schedules, and launches the social media campaign for Sunnyvale Snacks. She seems to never take a break, she always talks about work, and she often reaches the end of the day wishing she could do more and not realizing how late it has gotten. Jing's behavior demonstrates the concept of
engagement.
Personality traits are a function of both your
environment and genes.
Positive affectivity is a dispositional tendency to
experience pleasant, engaging moods such as enthusiasm, excitement, and elation.
The knowledge and skills that distinguish specialists from novices are referred to as
expertise.
The transactional theory of stress
explains how stressors are perceived and appraised, as well as how people respond to those perceptions and appraisals.
Which of the following is a dimension of the Big Five taxonomy?
extraversion
Motivation that is felt when task performance serves as its own reward is _________blank motivation.
intrinsic
Donnell is a computer programmer whose job performance rating notes that he often goes out to the parking lot and sits in his car during lunch hour. He is otherwise sociable and is never late coming back from lunch; therefore, this is not an appropriate item to include on his job performance rating because it
is not a behavior relevant to the accomplishment of organizational goals.
When the duties and responsibilities associated with a job are expanded by the employer to provide more variety, identity, and autonomy, it is termed as
job enrichment.
In their evaluation of his performance as a trainer in the sales department of Ogilvy Pharmaceuticals, Jeremy's supervisors look at such factors as the amount of time he spends with each of his trainees, his coverage of all key points in training, his success rate in turning out trained salespeople within the amount of time allotted, and so forth. In other words, Jeremy's supervisors are evaluating his
job performance.
The company where Blaise, Ari, and Jabulani work has an opening for a manager, and all three of them apply. However, Blaise, who has been with the company the longest and has a business degree, received glowing recommendations from other managers and gets the job. Although Ari and Jabulani are disappointed, they most likely agree that the company's decision reflects a high level of
justice.
Relatively permanent changes in an employee's knowledge or skill that result from experience are reflected in that person's
learning.
The psychological state that reflects the degree to which work tasks are viewed as something that "counts" in the employee's system of philosophies and beliefs is known as
meaningfulness of work.
The first step in the four-component model of ethical decision making is
moral awareness.
Several managers at Calvin's company were publicly accused of sexual harassment by an ex-employee of the company. The press immediately latched onto the story and it went viral on the Internet. This is an example of a situation with high
moral intensity.
Which of the following is not a factor in the four-component model of ethical decision making?
moral sensitivity
The day before Liam is to start an important assignment at work, he becomes nervous and moody. He would be the first to tell you that he feels insecure and unsteady when faced with challenges, and he is envious of those who appear to breeze through life. In the context of the Big Five taxonomy, the personality dimension _________blank would best describe Liam.
neuroticism
A positive life event is considered a
nonwork challenge stressor.
Emily, Shalonda, and Tomas all work at Terence Butler Life & Auto, an insurance agency. Their boss, Terence, has a very full schedule, but he knows he can rely on his three employees. Emily specifically takes on the role of attending all community-related meetings and functions where the agency might have a stake, and Shalonda helps out with constructive suggestions on the operation of the office. Tomas makes it his job to serve as unofficial representative for the agency, ensuring that it maintains a positive image not only with customers, but also with neighboring businesses and the community as a whole. These employees' actions are examples of
organizational citizenship behavior.
Eliska is well established as a financial analyst at the Magnify Investment Company. She has significant financial responsibility for her family, and she has recently applied for a mortgage. Which of the following work value categories would likely be important to her?
pay
Among the important points about counterproductive behaviors is the fact that
people who engage in one form of counterproductive behavior also engage in others.
Emotions can be categorized into
positive and negative.
Thanks to donations from merchants in the community, an after-school club for disadvantaged children has introduced a new promotion: those who maintain a B average for the school year will each receive $100 in gift certificates from local businesses, such as an ice cream parlor and a clothing store. This is an example of
positive reinforcement.
Coping strategies can be viewed as either _________blank focused.
problem or emotion
Gordon works as a senior software engineer. His boss trusts Gordon to come up with his own approaches to accomplish work tasks, delegates many decisions and does not micromanage. Which of the following aspects of psychological empowerment is the boss trying to instill in Gordon?
self-determination
After his annual performance appraisal, Joe was disappointed with his 5 percent increase in pay, compared to the 10 percent increase his colleagues received. When Joe spoke to his manager, he was told that his colleagues were able to perform well over the minimum standard. Joe had not been aware of the minimum he was expected to achieve or the levels generally achieved by his colleagues. What would best help Joe improve his performance?
setting specific goals
In equity theory, equity distress is
the internal tension that is caused by an imbalance in ratios.
Interpersonal justice is fostered when authorities adhere to which two particular rules?
the respect rule and the propriety rule
The Occupational Information Network (or O*NET) is useful for many things, but it does not provide
the task requirements unique to a particular organization.
Which of these is a nonwork challenge stressor?
time demands from partners, children, and friends
Which of the following answer options is considered an input as opposed to an outcome?
training
Personality is a collection of multiple
traits.
Affect-based trust is driven by the
trustor's feelings for the trustee.
Escalation of commitment describes which of the following situations?
when a person decides to continue to follow a failing course of action
Role overload refers to a work hindrance stressor that occurs
when the number of demanding roles a person holds is so high the person cannot perform some or all of the roles effectively.
Which of the following would be considered an example of an especially ethical behavior?
whistleblowing
Which of the following is a work challenge stressor?
work complexity
Job Characteristic Theory
• Meaningfulness, responsibility for outcome, feedback • Variety, identity, significance, autonomy, feedback
Coping Strategies
• Problem/emotion focused • Behavioral/cognitive methods
Which of the following is an example of physical withdrawal?
Quitting
Engineering company Bridgespan introduced a 360-degree feedback system. Carmen was described as innovative and always eager to learn. Mark was appreciated for meticulous, organized work and was the one the team could always depend on during crunch time. Imani's warm, kind nature and sympathetic ear to customers voicing complaints was acknowledged. Jay was cited for frequently visiting other departments, chatting with everyone about everything. In the context of the Big Five taxonomy, which employee best displays agreeableness?
Imani
Citizenship Behaviors
Interpersonal, Organizational
Which describes moods?
Long lasting
Jess, an expert on personality types and their effect on job performance, has been retained by Running Deer Corporation to interview and recommend a new auditor. Jess's decision will rest largely on matching an applicant's personality type to the auditor job, which requires dependability, consistency, and honesty. Which one of the following interviewees would Jess likely recommend?
Ming-na, who is organized, works hard, and perseveres until a task is done
Ethical Decision Making
Moral awareness, moral judgement, moral intent
_________blank is when an unwanted outcome is removed following a desired behavior.
Negative reinforcement
Which of the following statements is not true of concerns when using personality testing?
No personality test has been validated in scientific journals.
Peter administers an integrity test to all job applicants at Greenwares, a regional chain of lawn and garden supplies. Nina, another Greenwares employee, tells Peter several applicants confided that they faked some of their answers. What should Peter do?
Nothing; faking is common and does not influence the correlation between scores and performance.
Which describes role overload?
Number of roles & responsibilities too high to handle
Value (want or seek to attain) Percept Theory
Pay, promotion, supervisor, co-worker and satisfaction with work itself
Which does not describe self-efficacy
Performance
Examples of strain
Physical, mental, behavioral
Which of the following scenarios demonstrates personality?
Pia is generally friendly, likable, and calm under pressure.
Decisions
Programmed and nonprogrammed
Counterproductive Behaviors
Property, production, and property deviances,personal aggressions
Withdrawal behaviors
Psychological - daydreaming, socializing Physical - tardiness, absences, missing meetings
Cung-le leads the design team at Rapidware, a software firm that designs custom software to meet its clients' needs. He needs to hire an employee able to recognize when new approaches are needed, understand what clients need, and quickly come up with an innovative way to serve them. Which of the following candidates would best meet Cung-le's requirements?
Rico, a curious person who loves art and buys the latest gadgets
_________blank knowledge is typically learned by employees only through experience.
Tacit
Employees subjected to unwanted physical contact and verbal remarks is harassment
True
Heuristics are simple, efficient rules of thumb that allow us to make decisions more easily.
True
Programmed decisions are easily recognized, easy to identify solutions and select a course of action
True
Which of thefollowing is a rule ofinformational justice
Truthfulness
Employees at Pak-N-Sav, a discount grocery chain, know that they have to stay on their toes at all times. Mr. and Mrs. Kessler, the company founders, have been known to put on disguises and make unannounced visits to stores to make sure the staff is treating customers politely. This is an example of
a variable interval schedule.
The Chinese culture is a tight social framework in which people take care of the members of a broader ingroup and act loyal to it. In the context of Hofstede's dimensions, what is the personality dimension used to describe the Chinese culture?
collectivism
Abby flunked the midterm and tells everyone it is the teacher's fault. She did not study because she knew it would just be a waste of time. After all, she knew the "teacher had it in for her." Abby demonstrates a(n)
external locus of control.
Rory can be described as an ambitious individual. She joined Uppercase Inc. as a junior recruiter and wants to climb the corporate ladder to become a team leader. Rory works hard to build up her reputation, makes time to interact with both her manager and the other managers in the company, and lets everyone know how passionate she is about working at Uppercase. In the context of the Big Five taxonomy, the personality dimension _________blank best describes Rory.
extraversion
One of Isabella's biggest challenges as the leader of a paralegal team is getting team members to fill out their timesheets at the end of each week. She has tried a number of ways to get them to comply, but nothing seems to work. Isabella knows that no one likes to lead the daily project update meeting, which is a task that revolves among the paralegals on a regular basis, and that gives her an idea. The best way to achieve the result she desires is to announce that employees who
fill out their timesheets correctly and on time three weeks in a row will be exempted from leading the project update meeting the next time their turn comes around.
Soon after becoming the new store manager of Halo Foods, an organic food market, Max discovers that employees are coming in late to work, taking long breaks, and behaving unprofessionally while on the job. After considering the situation, he introduces a new set of guidelines, along with contingencies of reinforcement. Those who show up on time, do not exceed their allotted break schedules, and show themselves behaving professionally at all times while on duty during the next month will be given a $20 Visa gift card, courtesy of management. Those who fail to meet the requirements, on the other hand, will be asked to stay late one night a week and attend an unpaid training session. The contingencies Max is planning to implement—the Visa gift card on the one hand and the unpaid training session on the other—are, respectively,
positive reinforcement and punishment.
The _________blank bias causes people to assume that everyone's criteria will be just like theirs and that everyone will react to a decision just as they would.
projection
Accomplishment striving describes a
strong desire to achieve task-related goals as a means of expressing personality.
Eric has never had any formal training in computer science, yet everyone at the office recognizes him as a genius with hardware and software. On numerous occasions, he has repaired a piece of equipment that seemed unsalvageable or helped someone recover a document they thought was lost forever. When asked how he always seems to know just the right solution, he just shrugs and says with a laugh that if anybody spent as much time messing around with computers as he has, then they would be able to do the same thing. This is an example of
tacit knowledge.
_________blank refers to a general expectation that the words, promises, and statements of individuals and groups can be relied upon.
Trust propensity
Jolanda has been feeling impatient with her coworkers for weeks, but she doesn't know exactly why she has this feeling. What type of mood is she experiencing?
Unpleasant
_________blank is the anticipated value of the outcomes associated with performance.
Valence
Which of the following theories argues that job satisfaction depends on whether employees perceive that their job supplies the things that they value?
Value-percept theory
Several people in the marketing department were contacted by a manager at headquarters to ask about their coworker Elena's performance on the job. The manager explained that the company was seeking each person's honest assessment of Elena's strengths and weaknesses and assured them that they would remain anonymous. Most likely the company is applying the _________blank approach to managing employee performance.
360-degree feedback
Which of the following statements is true regarding coworker satisfaction?
Coworker satisfaction is important because employees spend considerable time with coworkers.
Which of the following statements concerning stress is not true?
Different people experience the same levels of stress when confronted with the exact same situation.
Which of the following is an example of a Type A Behavior Pattern?
During weekly meetings, Sharona talks over other people and is always in a hurry to get back to her desk and get back to work.
Evaluating an employee's performance based on results alone provides the best picture of which employees are worth more to an organization.
False
Mara met Eboni at her apartment pool and agreed to go out on a date that same evening. Mara has often gone out with people she has just met. Her agreement to go out with Eboni after just meeting demonstrates cognition-based trust.
False
Research shows that employees with low job satisfaction experience strong positive feelings when they think about their duties or take part in their task activities.
False
The need to perform tasks that one cares about and that appeal to one's ideals and sense of purpose is known as self-efficacy.
False
Which of the following situations demonstrates the connection between hindrance stressors and organizational commitment?
Hilary's manager constantly makes unreasonable demands that force her to work long hours, and as a result she is looking for another job.
Employees at Carpet Lot were given a survey about the workplace. One of the questions asked them about their wages. Which of the following respondents gave a response that shows a belief in a high level of instrumentality at Carpet Lot?
Irvin, who said wages are determined by employee job performance
Lethabo is the marketing manager at BlueSky Concepts, a management consulting firm. His calendar is filled with meetings with heads of companies, phone calls with prospective employees, interviews with business magazines, presentations and seminars in different countries, and the like. Lethabo feels that every workday he has something different to do, and he is rarely bored with his job. According to the job characteristics theory, which of the following is true about Lethabo's job?
It has high variety.
Which of the following is an example of instrumental support?
Jenny offers to answer phones to give the receptionist a chance to get caught up on his filing.
When Rivka and Juana worked together on a project last year, both did more than their share and earned a nice bonus from their boss. Juana was then sent to another state to help set up a new office, and from her messages on social media, Rivka could tell that she was working harder than ever. When Juana returned to her home office, Rivka suggested that they work together on a new project. This time, however, things did not go well: Juana seemed to lose interest quickly, and Rivka began to feel resentful when she realized that she was doing most of the work. What most likely happened?
Juana began suffering from citizenship fatigue.
People often describe flow as being "in the zone" and report heightened states of clarity, control, and concentration. In which of the following scenarios would the person involved most likely experience a flow state?
Leslie has been using her skills to write a proposal for a project that will be challenging.
Which of the following scenarios deals with satisfaction with the work itself?
Piotr enjoys his job because he regularly faces new challenges.
_________blankare the negative consequences that occur when demands tax or exceed one's capacity or resources.
Strains
Which of the following is true with regard to trust propensity?
The nation in which we live affects our trust propensity.
First, the network went down, then the person in the next cubicle would not stop clearing their throat, and now Delia cannot find a sticky note when she needs one. Delia's head hurts, her shoulders are tense, and her back aches. Which of the following statements is true?
The network going down represents a stressor, while Delia's backache is a strain.
You want a job that is creative and pays well, but you are also concerned with the work environment. Based on the concept of supervision satisfaction, which of the following supervisor descriptions would likely result in the most desirable job?
The supervisor encourages innovative ideas and has a friendly attitude.
Out of the five facets of the value-percept theory, which facet focuses on what employees actually do?
The work itself
Which of the following is an example of problem-focused coping?
To meet a pending deadline, Ava puts on noise-canceling headphones and sets her phone to ring through to voicemail while she focuses on achieving her goal.
Trini worked in a small office with one colleague and one supervisor. Each day, someone from the office had to walk a block to the courthouse to pick up registration forms. None of the three liked to make the trip to the courthouse because it always took longer than expected and each thought they could be more productive in the office. The three randomly decided who would go each day depending on their workload. However, Trini began to feel angry that her turns were always on bad-weather days, either raining, snowing, or windy. According to equity theory, which of the following scenarios is the most productive way for Trini to correct the anger she is beginning to feel?
Trini can talk to her supervisor about instituting a set rotation schedule for daily pickups at the courthouse.
Darien has just started a new job. His coworkers tell him that their manager, Jean, is unselfish and always keeps her promises. Jean also is the leading expert in the company on product development. As a result of this information, Darien is likely to develop cognition-based trust in Jean.
True
Efforts to improve the quality of life in the communities in which organizations work is typically an effort that comes under the citizenship component of corporate social responsibility.
True
Employees who feel a sense of equity on the job are more likely to engage in citizenship behaviors, particularly when those behaviors aid the organization.
True
Forced ranking systems can force managers to give bad evaluations to good performers.
True
Hannah has been asked to give the opening speech at her global company's annual sales convention. She has successfully given speeches in the past, and her friends have all told her she would be great. These have resulted in a high sense of self-efficacy, and she accepts the assignment.
True
In general, relaxation techniques to reduce strain attempt to teach people how to counteract the effects of stressors by engaging in activities that slow the heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure.
True
Role ambiguity is an example of a work hindrance stressor.
True
Social support refers to the help that people receive when they are confronted with stressful demands.
True
Stressors can cause gastrointestinal system problems.
True
The legal component of corporate social responsibility argues that the law represents society's codification of right and wrong and must, therefore, be followed.
True
Trust is defined as the willingness to be vulnerable to a trustee based on positive expectations about the trustee's actions and intentions.
True
_________blank is the willingness to be vulnerable to an authority based on positive expectations about the authority's actions and intentions.
Trust
Sasha is ready to buy her first home and is interested in working with a real estate broker. Her friend Marvin tells her to avoid Rosemont Real Estate. Marvin says he tried to purchase a condo through Rosemont and found the brokers dishonest and unethical and willing to say almost anything to close a sale. Sasha talks to several other friends who agree with Marvin. Their judgment reflects the fact that Rosemont Real Estate has
a poor reputation.
According to the job characteristics theory, the degree to which carrying out the activities required by a job provides employees with clear information about how well they are performing is known as
feedback.
In _________blank, a performance evaluation system, managers differentiate employees relative to one another.
forced ranking
In job characteristics theory, the degree to which employees have a strong need for personal accomplishment or developing themselves beyond their current level is known as
growth need strength.
When employees are subjected to unwanted physical contact or verbal remarks from a colleague, that is known as
harassment.
Mehmet was recently hired at Brainstorm Incorporated, an advertising firm. Part of his training involves moving through all of the departments and learning what each one does. Every day is something new for him and requires him to use different skills and knowledge. He truly enjoys the challenge of facing something new every workday. Mehmet's job is characterized by
high variety.
The employee's perception that the authority adheres to a set of values and principles that the trustor finds acceptable is the _________blank dimension of trustworthiness.
integrity
Marco just got a new batch of company logos to design. He is enthused about starting something new. He decides to put all other distractions aside and clear his schedule for the day. He starts off strong, but after about three hours, he starts checking his Instagram and returning phone calls. Getting distracted by other activities demonstrates the effect of Marco's motivation on his _________blank of effort.
intensity
Which of the following is an organization-focused compensation plan element?
profit sharing
Today was a tough day at Yarmouth Real Estate. City hall announced new zoning requirements that will make it harder to convert apartment buildings to condominiums, the type of property Yarmouth specializes in selling. Sonja, the head broker, called a meeting in the conference room. Just as Sonja was starting the meeting, the fire alarm went off, forcing everyone into the parking lot until the fire department was able to check the building and determine that the alarm had been triggered accidentally. Despite the disturbing events, Sonja managed to smile and even joke about the situation, cheering others up in the process. Her behavior is an example of
sportsmanship.
Karl considers applying for an advertisement for a staff accountant at a local hospital. The ad mentions handling accounts payable and accounts receivable, payroll, worker's compensation and unemployment insurance, and other financial matters related to the operation of the hospital. These items in the job description are all examples of
task performance.
Expectancy theory focuses on describing
the cognitive process that employees go through to make choices among different voluntary responses.
Each month Lara's supervisor conducts a contest among staff, and the monthly winner is awarded the best parking spot in the lot. This month's winner will be the staff member who solicits the best proposal for increasing cost-saving "green" initiatives in the workspace. Lara has knowledge of the subject, as she has incorporated many such initiatives into her own home. However, Lara rarely enters the monthly contests and has never been interested in having the closest parking spot. She prefers to park far away so she gets some exercise walking to and from her car each day. According to expectancy theory, which belief does Lara consider a "zero," making her motivational force to enter a proposal for the contest a "zero"?
valence
