MGMT ch 13 cengage

imagine you are hanging out on the sofa, enjoying a little tv. as you sit there, you think about your last conversation with your mom. she decided to set up a work schedule for you, your brother, and your sister, and now a "household chores" list hangs in the kitchen. each person in your family will have a specific chore to do every week. pretty soon your sister diana walks into the room. she has a huge smile on her face -according to equity theory, what are you likely to do in this situation?

- compare your chore load with that of your other sister who has been given more work than you. -tell yourself that your mom gave you this specific job because she knew you would be better at it than diana 0ask your mom if the allowance you all get can be different based on the amount of chores you have

job performance = motivation x ability x situational constraints

a person who has high motivation and abilities with low situational constraints is most likely to exhibit high job performance

which of the following is an example of an extrinsic reward

a promotion to a higher position (intrinsic: a sense of accomplisment, a chance to learn something new, a feeling of responsibility)

jennifer baum is a motherly boss- she is always willing to listen when her employees have a problem

affiliation

when a student asks a question, professor smith says, "i'm in charge of this classroom. you'll ask questions when i permit you to!"

describes a person with a high need for power

goal ___ is related to how hard a person has to work to accomplish a goal

difficulty

the employees of a company feel that rewards are fairly allocated. this illustrates ____

distributive justice

which of the following steps can managers take to use expectancy theory to motivate employees?

empower employees to make decisions

kiara, a waitress, receives a salary increment. even though kiara's coworkers received five percent more increment than her, kiara perceives the hike to be in line with her performance and experience. this scenario illustrates

equity theory

alderfer combined the needs for working in a comfortable environment and feeling a sense of job security into the category of ___ needs

existence

richa, an instrumentation engineer, has been assigned a challenging task of designing a specialized device to sterilize medical equipment. richa believes that hard work and perseverance will help her perform well and complete the design on time. her belief turns out to be a factor of motivation for her. as a result, she completes the project by meeting all the requirements on time. according to the expectancy theory, richa is motivated by ___

expectancy

____ says that people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and that they will be offered attractive rewards

expectancy theory

last week, herman overheard one of his employees, davina, bitterly complaining about herman's managerment style. she went on and on about what a terrible manager he was and how much she hated reporting to him. this annoyed herman greatly, and he decided to use reinforcement theory to make sure that davina would stop complaining. herman is considering paying no attention to davina or demoting her. -paying no attention to her is an example of

extinction

the grade that katrina and her team receive from their professor is an ____ reward

extrinsic

emily is motivated to get straight a's since her dad told her she would get $50 for each one; this is an example of an ____

extrinsic reward

-factor 1 effort: i am going to do whatever i can in the next two hours to get this presentation done -factor 2 effort: i want to do a really good job on this presentation, but without overextending myself and getting stressed out. -factor 3 effort: my time would be better spent on payroll, but my boss would rather me want me to work on the presentation. --each of these factors is either an example of initiation of effort, direction of effort, or persistence of effort- the three components of motivation. the factor that is an example of direction of effort is ___, because the person in this scenario is ____

factor 3; choosing to focus his/her efforts on the presentation

suppose a student who was participating in this study set a goal of getting an A in a class. For this student, midterm grades would provide ___

feedback

given a gift card after every month of perfect attendance. is an example of the ____ schedule of reinforcement

fixed ratio: consequences follow a specific number of behaviors

with continuous reinforcement schedules, a consequence:

follows every instance of behavior

he discusses the goals with one of his subordinates who agrees to the specific goals and works toward achieving them. which of the following components of goal-setting theory is illustrated in this scenario?

goal acceptance

according to goal-setting theory, ___ is the extent to which a goal is hard or challenging to accomplish

goal difficulty

shen is reading through his performance goals and while some are definitely challenging, he is motivated to attain them. shen's perception of the challenging goals is an example of __

goal difficulty: the extent to which a goal is hard/challenging to accomplish

problem: vonda is frustrated with her manager, glenda. last week, when vonda asked about glenda's expectations, glenda said "just do your best" but vonda doesn't know exactly what to do, and as a result, she isn't very motivated

goal specificity

under the principles of ___ , employees will be motivated when they receive constructive feedback on their progress toward an accepted, but challenging goal

goal-setting theory

karen is reading about her company's plans to better tie employee performance with compensation, a process that will likely increase her perceptions of ___

instrumentality: the perceived relationship between performance and rewards

each teammate will have achieved an ____ reward upon completion of their assigned task

intrinsic

which of the following defines motivation?

it is the set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal

in industrial psychology, which of the following equations best represents job performance?

job performance = motivation x ability x situational constraints

in the context of goal-setting theory, which of the following measures should managers take to motivate employees?

managers should make sure workers truly accept organizational goals

the servers at Rashad's restaurant became much friendlier to customers after he told them taht the server who has teh best customer service rating every month will be excused from cleaning the bathrooms the following month, which is an example of ____

negative reinforcement

Alex works as an accountant in a pharm company. his job frequently demands that he works overtime. lately his health has been affected because of his workload. alex is eligible for a promotion, but the new position would demand longer working hours with double the current salary. alex values his health over his pay check at the end of the month. in the context of expectancy theory, the promotion has a ____ for alex

negative valence

in the context of equity theory, pay, fringe benefits, status symbols, and job titles and assignments are examples of ____

outcomes

maslow's need category: working in a comfortable environment with enough heat and air

physiological

in an attempt to restore equity in the workplace, managers should make sure decisions-making processes are fair. for example, employees that have experienced recent layoffs and perceive compensation rates to be unfair are more likely to seek constructive ways of restoring equity when ___

procedural justice is high: -restoring equity in the workplace requires managers to be mindful of both distributive and procedural justice. distributive justice involves the degree to which outcomes and rewards are fairly distributed, while procedure justice focuses on the procedures used to make reward allocation decisions. in times of layoffs and low perceptions of distributive justice, employees have been found to seek constructive ways to restore equity when procedual justice is high- the perception that decisions and procedures that led to these unfair compensation outcomes were themselves fair will motivate employees to seek more constructive ways to restore equity, instead of resorting to ore destructive tactics such as withholding effor, absenteeism, or tardiness

last week, herman overheard one of his employees, davina, bitterly complaining about herman's managerment style. she went on and on about what a terrible manager he was and how much she hated reporting to him. this annoyed herman greatly, and he decided to use reinforcement theory to make sure that davina would stop complaining. herman is considering paying no attention to davina or demoting her. -demoting her is an example of

punishment

in the context of theories of motivation, ___ is the process of changing behavior by changing the consequences that follow behavior

reinforcement

sam is a customer service executive at an apparel store. He went beyond his primary job of assisting customers to suggest outfits that would suit the customers. this gensture was well appreciated by the customers. the company's manager immediately rewarded sam with a bous to motivate sam to repeat the behavior. which of the following theories of motivation did the manager adoptin this case?

reinforcement theory

which of the following exemplifies an intrinsic reward?

richard thoroughly enjoys his job (extrinsic: rani receives an annual bonus, dorothy is promoted as a senior executive, samantha receives a cash reward for good job performance)

maslow's need category: feeling a sense of job security and having health benefits

safety

according to maslow, which of the following is on the top of the hierarchy of needs?

self-actualization needs

the professor tells the class that their projects will be graded based on how well they do three things: a) identify the major competitors for their product, b) develop a creative plan for publicizing their product, and c) overcome objections that people may have about their product -which of the following behaviors is the professor rewarding with the project grade?

the team's correct identification of product competitors

which of the following is true of goals

they influence persistence

what do the results of morisano's study graph illustrate

training students in goal seting leads to an increase in their GPAs.

in the context of equity theory, ___ occurs when a referent's outcome/input (O/I) ratio is better than one's own O/I ratio

underreward

in order to better understand what motivates employees, the basic model of work motivation and performance can be expanded to include the concept of needs. it is then the manager's task to identify employee's needs. needs are physical and psychological requirements that are necessary to ensure survival and well-being. it has been identified that effort is exerted after an ____ creates discomfort and a desire to take action

unsatisfied need

in the context of expectancy theory, one of the factors that affects the conscious choices people make about their motivation is ___

valence

leah's boss recently asked her if she would rather have a monetary bonus or extra days of paid vacation as a reward for her hard work. the one she identifies as more attractive has the higher ___ for leah

valence