MGMT Chapter 12 SmartBook

How does McClelland view needs?

Needs are something that we learn from our culture.

What are characteristics of motivating goals according to goal-setting theory? (Choose every correct answer.)

Achievable Specific Challenging

According to self-determination theory, people's behavior and well-being are influenced by what three innate needs?

Competence, autonomy and relatedness

Which are principal perspectives on motivation? (Choose every correct answer.)

Content Reinforcement Process Job design

The concept of fitting jobs to people is based on what ideas? (Choose every correct answer.)

Employees are underutilized. Employees want more responsibility, challenges, and variety.

The model of motivation called equity theory is based on which of the following ideas?

Employees want to see fairness in how they are rewarded for task performance.

Which theories of motivation are characterized as process perspectives? (Choose every correct answer.)

Equity theory Goal-setting theory Expectancy theory

What theory asserts that motivation is essentially a decision about how much effort to exert to get what you want in a particular situation?

Expectancy

Which guidelines should be followed when giving positive reinforcement? (Choose every correct answer.)

Give rewards as soon as possible. Be clear about what behavior is desired.

Which theory suggests that employees can be motivated by objectives that are specific and challenging but achievable and that have rewards tailored to individual needs?

Goal-setting theory

Which theory proposes that work satisfaction originates from motivating factors, and dissatisfaction originates from hygiene factors?

Herzberg's two-factor theory

What theories of motivation would be characterized as content perspectives? (Choose every correct answer.)

Herzberg's two-factor theory Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory McClelland's acquired needs theory

What is the first step in developing career readiness?

Identify your most important long-term goal.

How does self-motivation fit into the career readiness model?

It is an attitude.

Which of the following focuses on five core job characteristics that affect the psychological states of an employee, which in turn affect work outcomes?

Job characteristics model

What are the two means by which jobs are fitted to people? (Choose every correct answer.)

Job enrichment Job enlargement

Equity theory is focused on explaining how people work to achieve which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)

Justice Fairness

Which of the following are levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? (Choose every correct answer.)

Love Esteem Physiological Safety

Which are elements of self-motivation in the career readiness model? (Choose every correct answer.)

Maintaining focus on organizational goals Working consistently on personal development Establishing good work habits

The theory of motivation that asserts that people are motivated by physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs is ______ theory.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

The theory of motivation that asserts that achievement, affiliation, and power are the major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace is called ______.

McClelland's acquired needs theory

Which statements about motivation are true? (Choose every correct answer.)

Motivation can only be inferred from a person's behavior. Multiple contextual and personal factors create motivation.

What are the stages of Victor Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation? (Choose every correct answer.)

Performance to outcomes Effort to performance

Hillary knows she needs a full-time job so she can buy groceries and clothing for her three children. Which level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs does this describe?

Physiological

Which perspectives on motivation are concerned with the thought progression that leads to people deciding how to act?

Process perspectives

What are the three major elements of Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model? (Choose every correct answer.)

Psychological states Work outcomes Core job characteristics

Which types of reinforcement are intended to weaken a behavior? (Choose every correct answer.)

Punishment Extinction

What does the technique called scientific management seek to do? (Choose every correct answer.)

Reduce the number of tasks a worker performs Increase employee efficiency Raise employee productivity

"Consequences influence behavior" best describes which theory of motivation?

Reinforcement theory

What are characteristics of the best incentive compensation plans? (Choose every correct answer.)

They link rewards to performance. They are agreed on by both employees and managers.

What are three types of learning opportunities? (Choose every correct answer.)

Tuition reimbursement Studying co-workers Learning and development

A survey showed that while most employees were pleased with the company's advancement opportunities and merit system, they were dissatisfied with factors such as pay scale and sharing an office with someone they disliked. These results exemplify which theory of motivation?

Two-factor theory

Dividing work among employees and applying motivational theories to increase employee satisfaction are the two components of job ______.

design

What is the modern way of designing jobs?

fitting jobs to people

When rewarding an employee for a behavior, you should ______.

give rewards as soon as possible

The economic or protective potential of employee experience, actions, and knowledge is referred to as ______.

human capital

Liu wants to better understand how to motivate employees at her company. Because she knows there is no single leading theory accepted by everyone on what motivates people, she looks into the top four perspectives: content, process, reinforcement, and ______.

job design

Scientific ______ is the process of reducing the number of tasks a worker performs.

management

To be successful, an incentive compensation plan must be ______.

measurable

The use of reinforcement theory to change human behavior is called behavior ______.

modification

The psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior are collectively called ______.

motivation

Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are called ______.

needs

The theory of motivation that asserts that people are driven to try to grow and attain fulfillment, with their behavior and well-being influenced by the three innate needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness, is known as the ______ theory.

self-determination

One survey found that about half of U.S. adults would be willing to take a 10% pay cut if it meant ______.

working at a job they found meaningful