MGMT exam 1

For Jim, the No.1 reason he wants to stay at his company is not the pay, but that his best friend Dwight also works there. In this case, we say Jim has ______.

Affective commitment

Although he gets good grades on exams all the time, Luke always thinks of his high scores as the result of being lucky or the professors asking easy questions. In terms of core self evaluation, we say Luke has ______.

An external locus of control

When Harry has a perceived conflict with a co-worker, he will send them e-mails that are taunting or insulting. This is an example of

CWB.

A plumber may say that instead of having a dirty job, he or she sees their job as responding to emergencies, not much different from a police officer or a firefighter. This way, they can feel more positively about their job by doing _______.

Cognitive crafting

Jack likes to procrastinate, has difficulty keeping things organized, and is not considered reliable by his peers. Jack might be low on which one of the Big Five personality traits?

Conscientiousness

Which of the following is NOT a component of job performance?

Job engagement

Which of the following is not one of the recommendations to managers about reducing stereotypes?

Managers should actively ignore stereotypes.

________ is the extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goals.

Organizational commitment.

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of conducting a job analysis?

To find out what jobs do competitor companies have

Imagine we are selecting questions to include in a personality test that tests how extraverted people are. We have two questions to choose from, "I prefer ice cream to pizza," and "I consider myself to be an outgoing person." We say the second one is a better choice because it has higher ________.

Validity

Software engineers at Google quit their jobs after they found out Google was collaborating with the military to develop drones, saying the company betrayed its "don't be evil" motto. Which of the following models of job satisfaction best explains why these engineers no longer like their jobs?

Value attainment

Gina says, "I can type 70 words per minute with no errors." She is expressing

a high self-efficacy.

Which description below is NOT a bias that leads to the forming and maintenance of stereotypes?

a) We group people based on attributes such as race, gender and age b) We assume all people with similar attributes have the same traits (e.g. careless, lazy, bad at math) c) We overestimate the frequency of stereotypic behavior (e.g. how often a Chinese driver crash with other cars) ANSWER: d) None of the above - all contributes to the forming and maintenance of stereotypes

People with __________ often see the causes of events in their lives as due to luck or other environmental factors.

an external locus of control

You are unlikely to say anything to someone smoking in the nonsmoking section of a restaurant if you have no intention of confronting the smoker. Your intention reflects the __________ component of your attitude toward people smoking in restaurants.

behavioral.

Kelley hypothesized that people make causal attributions by observing

consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency.

Andy, the sales manager, is reviewing the performance of his salespeople. He first gives Mike, the person with the least sales, a low review score. Then he gives Emily, the next person he reviewed, a high score, although her numbers are just mediocre. Andy is likely biased by which type of perceptual error?

contrast effect.

_______ are the statistical measurements of populations and their qualities (such as age, race, gender, or income) over time.

demographics.

What kind of a response is a manager completing when he or she eliminates the situation in which the problem occurs?

dissolving.

The _____ model suggests that managers should monitor employees' perceptions of fairness.

equity.

If a person views a situation as having high consensus, high distinctiveness, and low consistency, he or she is likely to make an attribution of

external causes.

The four stages of stereotype formation, in order, are categorization, expectations, inferences, and maintenance.

false

"Individual differences" is a narrow category only used to describe the "Big Five" personality attributes.

false.

Intelligence cannot be modified or altered.

false.

It is always a mistake to use stereotypes.

false.

Job satisfaction has a negative association with OCB and a positive relationship with CWB.

false.

Our tendency to overlook the unethical behavior of another when it's in our interest to remain ignorant is called "the slippery slope."

false.

Self-esteem is a broad personality trait composed of self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability.

false.

The commonsense approach is about knowing which OB tools to use and under what circumstances.

false.

The four skills most desired by employers are critical thinking, technical expertise, problem solving and financial management.

false.

Alanna, a hard-working and productive employee, quit because she couldn't get along with Roger, her new boss. All the other employees agreed and were also looking for new jobs. This would be diagnosed as a(n) _____ level problem.

group.

Which of the following is the most fixed of a person's individual differences?

intelligence.

The perspective that states that behavior is a function of interdependent person and situation factors is called the ______ perspective.

interactional.

Core self-evaluations represent a broad personality trait comprised of all of the following except

interpersonal intelligence.

(Continued from the CSE question) In a recent exam, Luke got a perfect score, while all other students in his class did poorly. Based on this contrast, Luke realized that he was probably a good learner, and started to feel confident in his ability to do well in class. Luke's causal attribution is characterized by _______.

low consensus

The final step of the 3-Step Approach of the Organizing Framework is

make recommendations.

______ is the process of strengthening a behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing.

negative reinforcement.

______ programs help employees to integrate, assimilate, and transition to new jobs.

on boarding.

Which of the following is not a soft skill?

operations.

In the recency perceptual error, a person

over-relies on information from the last portion of the review period.

Jack set himself a goal of shooting a 79 or better on his local golf course before the end of spring. This is a ________ goal.

performance.

Speaking of different levels of diversity, which of the following can be considered a deep-level diversity characteristic?

personality.

The last step in effective performance management is

providing consequences.

Donna works as a project manager for a major consumer products firm. She works with beliefs, perceptions, and informal obligations about what she is entitled to receive in return for what she provides to the organization. Janice's beliefs represent a(n)

psychological contract.

A learning goal involves enhancing knowledge or skill.

true.

Attitudes have three components: affective, cognitive, and behavioral.

true.

Cognitive dissonance is the psychological discomfort a person experiences when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognitions.

true.

Effective managers give employees timely and task-specific feedback about what they are doing right, as well as about what they are doing wrong.

true.

In 360-degree feedback, individuals compare perceptions of their own performance with information from their manager, subordinates, and peers.

true.

In the self-serving bias, employees attribute their success to internal factors and their failures to external factors.

true.

Intrinsic rewards are psychic and self-granted.

true.

Most people have the technical skills to succeed at higher-level jobs. However, as you rise through the hierarchy, your job generally will require a more developed set of soft skills.

true.

People program themselves for success or failure by enacting their self-efficacy expectations.

true.

People with an external locus of control generally earn lower salaries than those with an internal locus of control.

true.

Perception is influenced by three key components: the characteristics of the perceiver, of the target, and of the situation.

true.

Performance management is a set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations.

true.

Research has found that some aspects of an individual's disposition are significantly associated with some aspects of job satisfaction, such as having autonomy or receipt of rewards.

true.

Situations and people are both dynamic—they change.

true.

The potential to learn and use spoken and written languages is known as linguistic intelligence.

true.

When making attributions about a worker's performance, people can assign responsibility to either internal or external factors.

true.

If unpredictable instances of a target behavior are reinforced, a _________ schedule is in effect.

variable.