MGT 300 CH 10 VOCAB & Questions
Culture
- Ethical values (and the rules and norms that embody them) become an important part of the organization's ( ) and influence how its members will behave in challenging situations. - The employment relationship that an organization establishes with its employees through its human resource policies and practices is one factor that helps to shape an organization's ( ).
Matrix
- In a ______ structure, managers group people and resources simultaneously by function and by-product. (Basically into two groups) - Stella is grouped together with other engineers, but she is also grouped with those working specifically on the newest product that her company is developing. Since she is grouped in both ways simultaneously, she has to report to two different bosses. Stella's organization uses a ______ structure.
(Organization) Culture
- Organization ______ is the shared set of beliefs, expectations, values, and norms that influence how the organization's members relate and cooperate with one another to achieve organizational goals. - Organizational ______ is shaped by the interaction of four main factors, including organizational ethics and the nature of the employment relationship - In an organization, employees typically figure out how to relate to one another and cooperate to achieve organizational goals as a result of the shared set of beliefs, expectations, values, and norms that comprise the organizational
- Product Structure - Geographic Structure - Market Structure
3 Forms of Divisional Structure
Divisional
A ______ structure is composed of separate business units representing markets, geographic areas, or products.
Cross-Functional (Team)
A ______ team is comprised of a group of managers from different departments who are gathered to perform organizational tasks. The goal of these teams is to expand the focus from departmental interests to the general interests of the organization for the sake of achieving organizational goals.
Permanent
A cross-functional team is useful in solving recurring problems because they are a(n) ______ integrating mechanism
Decentralizing or decentralization
A high degree of ( ) of authority in an organization may result in managers losing sight of organizational goals and a lack of communication among functions and divisions.
Cross-Functional Team
A permanent integrating mechanism such as a ______ can be used to address recurring problems effectively
Strategy
A plan of action or policy designed to achieve a major or overall aim.
- Skill variety. - Autonomy. - Task significance.
According to the job characteristics model, a manager can increase employee motivation by offering feedback and increasing:
Command
According to the principle of the minimum chain of ______, top managers should always construct a hierarchy with the fewest levels of authority necessary to efficiently and effectively use organizational resources.
Permanently assigned to a cross-functional team that is tasked with redesigning a product or creating a new product to bring to market
An important characteristic of the product team structure is that functional employees are ______.
(Hierarchy of) Authority
An organization's hierarchy of ( ) refers to the relative authority of each manager.
Functional Structure
An organizational structure composed of all the departments that an organization requires to produce its goods or services.
More complex
As an organization's structure becomes ______, its need for coordination among people, functions, and divisions to make the organizational structure work effectively and efficiently becomes more critical. Multiple choice question.
Centralized
Because decisions are supposed to happen at the top in ______ organizations, the cultural values of obeying authority and respecting traditions will support goals of predictability and stability.
Be responsive to customer needs
Decentralizing authority allows low-level managers and non-managers to ______.
Division of labor
Division of work into a number of separate tasks to be performed by different workers
(Matrix) Two-Boss Employees
Each person in a product team reports to two managers: 1.) A FUNCTIONAL boss, who assigns individuals to a team and evaluates their performance from a functional perspective, 2.) The boss of the Product team (PRODUCT TEAM boss), who evaluates their performance on the team.
(Matrix) Functions
Employees are grouped by functions to allow them to learn from one another and become more skilled and productive.
Hierarchy of authority
From the CEO to the middle manager and down to the first-line manager, this chain of command describes an organization's ______.
Structure
Functional, product, geographic, market, matrix, product team, and hybrid are seven options for managers when choosing an organizational ( )
- Advertising - Marketing - Information Technology
Identify examples of staff manager positions.
Adaptive
In a(n) ______ culture, values and norms help it build momentum, change, and grow as needed to achieve its goals and be effective.
Job Enlargement
Increasing the number of different tasks in a given job by changing the division of labor
- Human resources - External environment - Technology - Strategy
Jana is starting her own contracting business. Which of the following factors must she consider when designing the organizational structure and culture?
Human Resources
Maintains policies, plans, and procedures for the effective management of employees
(Span of) Control
Mark has five employees who report directly to him. This number of employees is known as his span of ( )
Its values and norms propel momentum that initiates growth and change, as needed, to achieve organizational goal
One characteristic of an adaptive culture is that ______.
Ethics
Organizational culture ( ) are the moral values and beliefs that help employees establish norms and understand what is acceptable behavior toward each other and with those outside the organization.
Function
People who share the same set of skills and knowledge base and who use the same types of techniques to do their jobs are all part of a ______
(Job) Enrichment
Reginald is designing how his unit's overall task of delivering products to customers will be done (i.e., which jobs will do what) in such a way as to encourage workers to perform at a higher level and be more satisfied. In designing these jobs, Jim's options are (a) job simplification, (b) job enlargement, and (c) job ______.
Highly centralized
Respecting tradition, obeying authority, and being cautious are all characteristics of what type of organizational structure?
1. Job design 2.
Steps of the organizational design
Greater
The (greater/lesser) the complexity of an organization's structure, the greater is the need for coordination.
Organizing
The 4 Managerial Structures
Task Analyzability
The degree to which programmed solutions are available to people or functions to solve the problems they encounter
(Job) Design
The first step in organizational design, the process of determining how to divide jobs into the tasks that must be accomplished in order to provide customers with competitive goods and services, is job ( ).
Organizational Structure
The formal system of task and job reporting relationships that coordinates and motivates organizational members so they work together to achieve organizational goals
Task Variety
The number of new or unexpected problems or situations that a person or function encounters in performing tasks or jobs
Characteristics
To help managers make their employees' jobs more interesting and motivating, J. R. Hackman and G. R. Oldham developed a framework known as the job ______ model.
True
True or False. Regardless of managerial level, all managers have at least one employee reporting to them at all times.
False
True or false. A function is a task that individuals perform to accomplish their jobs
True
True or false. Adaptive cultures control employee attitudes and behaviors
Organizational ethics
What are the principles that emphasize that members of organizations should treat each other and all of those outside of the organization fairly and equitably?
- Nature of the employment relationship - Characteristics of organizational members - Design of the the organizational structure - Organizational ethics
Which of the following are the four main factors that interact to shape organizational culture?
- Organizational structure - Control systems - Organizational culture - Human resource management
Which of the following comprise organizational architecture?
External environment
Which of the following is not a factor that shapes an organization's culture?
- Product team - Matrix
Which two of the following are the most flexible types of organizational structure?
An experienced, senior manager
Who is best suited to serve in the integrating role when trying to achieve synergy in a growing company?
- The personal and professional characteristics of people within the organization - Organizational ethics - The nature of the employment relationship - The design of its organizational structure
4 factors that shape organizational culture
In a flexible structure with a culture that values innovation
A differentiation strategy aimed at increasing the values customers perceive in an organization's goods and services usually succeeds best ______.
Skill variety
According to the job characteristics model, ______ is the extent to which a job requires that an employee use a wide range of different skills, abilities, or knowledge.
Gain more control
By moving to a more flexible structure, managers ______ over their different businesses
- Skills variety - Task identity - Task significance - Autonomy - Feedback
Characteristics of every job (Job Characteristic Model)
Analyzability
Charles Perrow said that task variety and task ______ determine whether or not a particular technology is routine and its level of complexity.
Organizational design
Creating, developing, and maintaining an organization's culture is the second principal issue in ______.
(Matrix) Product Teams
Employees are grouped into product teams in which members of different functions work together to develop a specific product.
Managers from different departments assemble to work together and gain a general interest in the organization's goals.
How do cross-functional teams achieve organizational tasks?
Product
In a ______ team structure, employees are permanently assigned to a cross-functional team and, as a result, retain the flexibility of a matrix structure, but do not have to report to multiple managers.
Product; Function
In a matrix structure people are grouped by ______ and ______.
Less
In a stable external environment, resources are readily available and uncertainty is low; therefore, ______ coordination and communication is necessary.
Unstable
In a(n) ______ environment, it is critical to have increased levels of communication and coordination among people and functions in order to obtain resources. Multiple choice question.
- Technology - Strategy - Human resources - External environment
Jana is starting her own contracting business. Which of the following factors must she consider when designing the organizational structure and culture?
Job Design
Kendra is deciding how to divide into specific jobs the tasks that have to be performed to provide customers with goods and services at her local sporting goods store. What process is Kendra performing?
Technology
Knowledge that people use to make a way of life in their surroundings
Function; organization
Liaisons improve communication within the ______ and the ______.
Culture
Members of an organization relate to each other and work together to achieve organizational goals because they are all part of the same organizational
Architecture
Organizational ______ is the combination of organizational structure, culture, control systems, and human resource management systems that together determine how efficiently and effectively organizational resources are used.
Function
Paige works with a group of people who all possess similar skills and use the same type of technology to do their jobs. This an example of a ______.
(Job) Design
The process by which managers decide how to divide the work into specific jobs tasks is job ____.
Organizing
The process by which managers establish working relationships among employees to allow them to achieve an organization's goals efficiently and effectively.
Organizational Design
The process by which managers make specific organizing choices that result in a particular kind of organizational structure.
Levels of authority
The purpose of the minimum chain of command is to create an organizational architecture that reduces the number of ______ in order to ensure that organizational resources are used most efficiently and effectively.
Organizational Environment
The set of forces and conditions that operate beyond an organization's boundaries but affect a manager's ability to acquire and utilize resources
Organizational Culture
The set of values, ideas, attitudes, and norms of behavior that is learned and shared among the members of an organization
Integrating mechanisms
To prevent problems from occurring within an organization due to a lack of communication among divisions, it is important for managers to include into their organizational structure a variety of ______.
Integrating mechanisms
To prevent problems from occurring within an organization due to a lack of communication among divisions, it is important for managers to include into their organizational structure a variety of ______. Multiple choice question.
False
True or false: Frank is the chief financial officer for a global manufacturing company. As CFO, he is responsible for managing the finance function. Frank is a line manager.
False
True or false: In organizations where employees and jobs are grouped by product, teamwork between product divisions often increases and helps the entire organization.
False
True or false: The divisional structure model describes the likely personal and organizational outcomes that will result from enriched and enlarged jobs.
False
True or false: The goal behind implementing a divisional structure is to create larger, more manageable, units within the organization.
False
True or false: When environments are rapidly changing and highly uncertain, the most flexible type of organizational structure is a market structure.
Decentralized authority
Unlike his previous manager, Blake's new manager gives employees the ability to make decisions about how to best handle customer service issues in individual stores. Blake's new manager has done which of the following?
Cohesiveness or unity
Very high levels of ( ) can actually hinder employees' ability to adapt to a changing environment.
- Job enrichment. - Job enlargement.
Ways in which managers can group tasks into jobs is:
- An organization's ethical values - The employment relationship - The characteristics of organizational members - Organizational structure
What are the four factors that shape organizational culture?
- Liaison Roles - Task Forces - Cross-Functional Teams - Integrating Roles
What are the four types of integrating mechanisms that managers can use to increase communication and coordination among functions and divisions?
Integrating
What is the key role a manager plays when faced with the task of using the resources available to create new synergies and achieve organizational goals?
Liaison
What is the name for the role of managers who coordinate with other functions and form informal relationships to ease tensions between functions and divisions, allowing for relationship building among employees?
Decentralizing
When a company begins to distribute decision making and other forms of authority across the organization, including lower level managers and non-managerial employees, it is in the process of ______ its authority. This helps reduce hierarchy in an organization.
- Geographic - Matrix - Market - Product
When deciding on an organizational structure, managers can choose which of the following to best suit their organizational needs?
- Product - Geographic - Market - Matrix
When deciding on an organizational structure, managers can choose which of the following to best suit their organizational needs?
- General interest in working together to achieve organizational goals - Managers brought together from different departments - Boundaries between departments disappear
Which of the following are characteristics of a cross-functional team?
External environment
Which of the following is a key consideration for managers when designing an organizational structure?
Organizing
Which of the four managerial functions establishes the structure of working relationships among employees allowing them to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively?
- Task variety - Task analyzability
Which two of the following are factors that Charles Perrow said determine (a) whether or not a technology is routine and (b) its level of complexity?
Geographic Structure
- An organizational structure in which each region of a country or area of the world is served by a self-contained division. - When organizations expand quickly at home and abroad, a ( ) structure is most appropriate. - When companies expand, what type of organizational structure do managers often use to ensure that each region of the country or area of the world is served by a self-contained division? - A ______ structure would be best when managers focus on the region or area in which they operate in. Multiple choice question. - In every region of the country in which they operate, Silver Star Productions has divisions that are fully contained (each division has a complete set of all the functions necessary to produce the product). Silver Star Productions uses a ______ structure.
Divisional Structure
- Most leaders of large organizations choose a ______ in order to create smaller, more manageable, units within the organization. - In a(n) ______ structure, grouping can result in decreased teamwork and failure to cooperate and share information or knowledge with other divisions.
Divisional
- Product, market, and geographic structures are the three types of ______ structures. - What type of structure is composed of separate business units within which there are functions that work together to produce a specific product for a targeted customer?
Line manager
- Someone in the direct line or chain of command who has formal authority over people and resources at lower levels - Someone in the direct chain of command with formal authority over people and resources at lower levels is a ______.
Staff manager
- Someone responsible for managing a specialist function, such as finance or marketing. (Reports to someone higher). - Jasper was the sales manager for three of his organization's retail outlets. What type of manager was he?
Authority
- The power vested in a manager to make decisions and use resources to achieve organizational goals by virtue of his or her position in an organization refers to ______. - What power must managers have in order to make decisions about using resources to achieve organizational goals?
Task Force
- What is the integrating mechanism that brings together managers from relevant divisions to share problems to solve and report to their divisions the recommended solutions? - When managers from various functions or divisions have a specific, mutual problem, they might meet to form a ______, also called an ad hoc committee. Multiple choice question.
Decentralization
- When lower-level managers and those who are not in managerial positions are allowed to make important decisions about the use of organizational resources, this is called ______ of authority. - Too much ______ can lead to a decrease in communication across functions and divisions and cause a drop in the organization's performance.
Market Structure
- When managers organize divisions according to the type of customer they focus on. - What is the organizational structure that is created to ensure that it serves the diverse needs of its customers? - The type of company structure that groups divisions according to the diverse needs of the customers that the company serves is a ( ) structure.
Product Structure
- When managers organize groups(divisions) together people and jobs working on a single product or service - An organizational structure in which each product line or business is handled by a self-contained division is called a ______ structure. - A ______ structure is one in which each product line or business is handled by a self-contained division. In such a structure, the divisional manager is responsible for designing an appropriate business-level strategy to allow the division to compete effectively in its industry or market.