mgt 301 midterm

synergy

When organizational parts interact to produce a joint effect that is greater than the sum of the parts acting alone. can create additional value with existing resources and provide a big boost to the bottom line.

Tom tends to consider the personal development of others when making decisions.

behavioral style

The _____ tells managers that what works in one organizational situation might not work in others.

contingency view

Which of the following stakeholders are primarily concerned with profitability?

investors

sunk cost effect/justifying past decisions

when a manager continues to pour money into a failing project, hoping to turn things around.

The corporate environmental performance rating is a measure of sustainability. Select the best definition for a sustainable organization.

An organization that meets the needs of current and future generations by protecting the environment

compensatory justice

Argues that individuals should be compensated for the cost of their injuries by the party responsible.

If you work in a complex organization in which you see the political model of decision making at work, which of the following is likely true about your organization?

Managers have different interests and are pursuing different goals

plan

a blueprint for goal achievement and specifies the necessary resource allocations, schedules, tasks, and other actions

goal

a desired future circumstance or condition that the organization attempts to realize.

Management by Objectives (MBO)

a system whereby managers and employees define goals for every department, project, and person and use them to monitor subsequent performance

symbol

an object, act, or event that conveys meaning to others. Symbols can be considered a rich, nonverbal language that vibrantly conveys the organization's important values concerning how people relate to one another and interact with the environment

Which of the following is an assumption underlying the political model of decision making?

b. It assumes that decisions are the result of bargaining and discussion among coalition members.

Human Relations Movement

based on the idea that truly effective control comes from within the individual worker rather than from strict, authoritarian control

decision styles

differences among people with respect to how they perceive problems and make choices.

If your manager is honest, fair, and kind and enforces that behavior in others, then you have an ______________ manager.

ethical

SMART guideline

goals should be Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Time-bound.

Which of the following is one of the three necessary skills for managing a department or an organization?

human skills

joint ventures

involves a strategic alliance or program by two or more organizations

An organization's _____ is at the top of its goal hierarchy.

mission statement

Goals that are precise and measurable and carried out by departments, work groups, and individuals are called _____.

operational goals

Making eye contact because this conveys honesty in the other culture

physical

In India, people tend to value high ___________________ , because they are comfortable with inequality among people and organizations.

power distance

Ethnocentrism

refers to a natural tendency of people to regard their own culture as superior and to downgrade or dismiss other cultural values.

Sustainability

refers to the ability to generate wealth without compromising environmental responsibility and social stewardship, thus meeting the current and future needs of stakeholders while preserving the environment and society so that future generations can meet their needs as well.

culture

set of key values, beliefs, understandings, and norms shared by members of an organization

Trux Inc. is a Wisconsin-based manufacturer of engineered wood building products such as beams and panels. They source wood from a local supplier and ships products to customers all over the United States. In the given scenario, the local supplier is a(n) _____ of Trux.

stakeholder

Customers, creditors, suppliers, and regulatory authorities are all examples of an organization's _________________ if they have an interest in that organization.

stakeholders

Making decisions and taking actions to achieve a superior fit between the organization and its environment is

strategic management

Kia, a top-level manager in a software firm, is allocating the company's resources to meet the organization's long-term goals. She is also defining the organization's activities for the next five years. In this scenario, Kia is most likely contributing to developing the company's _____.

strategic plan

theory x

theory of motivation holding that people are naturally lazy and uncooperative

Companies that succeed in a turbulent world are those in which managers are evaluated and rewarded for paying attention to both cultural values and business performance.

true

dialectical inquiry

uses qualitative data to find the truth in a situation by investigating competitive ideas.

In the context of the different types of corporate culture, the achievement culture is different from the other types in that it mainly:

values competitiveness and willingness to work long and hard to attain results.

political instability

which includes riots, revolutions, civil disorders, and frequent changes in government.

mission statememt

broadly stated definition of purpose that distinguishes the organization from others of a similar type.

global mindset

an be defined as the ability of managers to appreciate and influence individuals, groups, organizations, and systems that represent different social, cultural, political, institutional, intellectual, and psychological characteristics.

coalation

an informal alliance among managers who support a specific goal.

In the context of Porter's competitive strategies, which of the following is an organizational characteristic typically associated with differentiation?

c. It involves rewarding employee innovation.

You might be charged with writing a _________________ for your company that outlines the organization's values and general principles.

code of ethics

ethical managers

display honesty and integrity, act in a way that communicates and enforces ethical standards, are fair in their decisions and the distribution of rewards, and show kindness and concern for others.

As part of thinking about the __________________ , managers track the Consumer Price Index, manufacturing and retail inventory levels, and consumer confidence measures.

economic dimension

In an organization, _____ pertains to the degree to which the organization achieves a stated goal or succeeds in accomplishing what it tries to do.

effectiveness

adaptability culture

emerges in an environment that requires fast response and high-risk decision making. responsiveness to customers

In an effort to justify a prior decision, managers may be prone to _____________________ , in which they "put good money after bad." It is important to avoid this tendency by being willing to ________________ when the evidence shows it is failing.

escalating commitment; end a project

opportunity

exists when managers see a potential accomplishment that exceeds specified current goals. Managers see the possibility of enhancing performance beyond current levels

At the preconventional level of moral development, individuals are guided by an internal set of values based on universal principles of justice.

false

Hawthorne Studies

important in shaping ideas concerning how managers should treat workers.

natural dimension

includes all elements that occur naturally on Earth, including plants, animals, rocks, and resources such as air, water, and climate.

scenario building

involves looking at current trends and discontinuities and visualizing future possibilities. Rather than looking only at history and thinking about what has been, managers think about what could be.

_____ is a system whereby managers and employees define goals for every department, project, and person and use them to monitor subsequent performance.

management-by-objectives

Managers with high cultural intelligence will be __________ effective when assigned to work in another country.

more

story

narrative based on true events that is repeated frequently and shared among organizational employees. Stories paint pictures that help symbolize the firm's vision and values and help employees personalize and absorb them

subsystems

parts of a system, such as an organization, that depend on one another

employee engagement

people are emotionally involved in their jobs and are satisfied with their work conditions, contribute enthusiastically to meeting team and organizational goals, and feel a sense of belonging and commitment to the organization and its mission

If a company differentiates its operating style for the different countries in which it operates, it is a _________________ organization. It is likely to staff key positions in foreign countries with local nationals.

polycentric

strategic goal

sometimes called official goals, are broad statements describing where the organization wants to be in the future. These goals pertain to the organization as a whole rather than to specific divisions or departments.

First and foremost, goals need to be _______.

specific and measurable

Which of the following goals applies primarily to middle management?

tactical goals

behavioral science appproach

uses scientific methods and draws from sociology, psychology, anthropology, economics, and other disciplines to develop theories about human behavior and interaction in an organizational setting

planning

usually incorporates both ideas; it means determining the organization's goals and defining the means for achieving them.

tactical goals

which are the results that major divisions and departments within the organization intend to achieve. These goals apply to middle management and describe what major subunits must do for the organization to achieve its overall goals

whistle-blowing

Employee disclosure of illegal, unethical, or illegitimate practices on the employer's part

Which of the following firms has a high-performance culture?

Gwen Tech, a marketing firm that emphasizes both culture and performance by aligning corporate values with its day-to-day operations

strategic issues

events or forces either inside or outside an organization that are likely to alter its ability to achieve its objectives.

code of ethics

formal statement of a company's values concerning ethics and social issues; it communicates to employees what the company stands for.

In the country Blestonia, people value relationships over business. They use communication as a means of building social relationships rather than to merely exchange information. Given this information, it can be concluded that Blestonia has a _____.

high-context culture

justice approach

holds that moral decisions must be based on standards of equity, fairness, and impartiality.

NAFTA

merged the United States, Canada, and Mexico into a single market

Jarden, which owns brands such as Mr. Coffee and Oster, announced a _____________ with Waddington Group, a maker of disposable plastic ware, which it would acquire for $1.3 billion.

merger

If a decision is deemed immoral because it violates someone's right to freedom of speech or freedom of movement, the _______________ approach to ethics has been used.

moral-rights

Which of the following statements is true of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)?

b. It intended to spur investment.

One result of globalization is that countries, businesses, and people become increasingly interdependent.

true

Quasirationality

basically means combining intuitive and analytical thought.

competitive advantage

refers to what sets the organization apart from others and provides it with a distinctive edge for meeting customer or client needs in the marketplace.

strategic goals

reflect a commitment to both organizational efficiency and effectiveness,

individualism

reflects a value for a loosely knit social framework in which individuals are expected to take care of themselves

intuition

represents a quick apprehension of a decision situation based on past experience but without conscious thought

labor market

represents people in the environment who can be hired to work for the organization.

economic dimension

represents the general economic health of the country or region in which the organization operates.

The _______ is a set of key values, beliefs, understandings, and norms shared by the employees of an organization.

organizational culture

The _______ includes all elements existing outside the boundary of the organization that have the potential to affect it.

organizational environment

In an example of __________________ , many companies lobby the U.S. federal government through the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, an interorganizational partnership.

boundary spanning

electronic brainstorming

brings people together in an interactive group over a computer network. One member writes an idea, another reads it and adds other ideas, and so on.

The VP of marketing knows that the organization wants to increase sales by 10% and knows there are two ways to do this. In this decision involving _____________ , either option might fail, but the VP can estimate their chance of failure.

risk

stakeholder

any group or person within or outside the organization that has some type of investment or interest in the organization's performance and is affected by the organization's actions (employees, customers, shareholders, and so forth).

During _____________________ , managers determine the organization's goals and develop a specific strategic plan.

strategy formulation

differentiation strategy

strategy with which managers seek to distinguish the organization's products and services from those of others in the industry

Ron, the general manager of a chain of fitness accessories, gave his employees the task of creating a breakthrough fitness device. This task was challenging yet clear, and it motivated his employees to innovate. This is most likely an example of a _____.

stretch goal

achievement culture

suited to organizations concerned with serving specific customers in the external environment but without the intense need for flexibility and rapid change. values competitiveness, aggressiveness, personal initiative, cost cutting, and willingness to work long and hard to achieve results.

contingency view

tells us that what works in one setting might not work in another

TRUE OR FALSE: The ability of employees to create innovative products is critical for companies that adopt a low-cost leadership strategy.

false

TRUE OR FASLE Businesses that do not adopt a differentiation, low-cost leadership, or focus strategy tend to be more successful than businesses that do adopt these strategies.

false

The concept of synergy says that the whole is equal to the sum of its parts.

false

The triple bottom line provides a systematic way to identify the expectations, needs, importance, and relative power of various stakeholders.

false

Management by means (MBM)

focuses attention on the methods and processes used to achieve goals. A term coined by H. Thomas Johnson and his coauthors

Starbucks elected to pay higher prices to coffee growers who meet a list of quality standards that impact social, environmental, and economic standards. Which part of the triple bottom line does this impact?

financial performance

green movement

increasing as more consumers are concerned about climate change and are looking for ways to use less energy, reduce pollution, and create less waste.

evidence-based decision making

means a commitment to make more informed and intelligent decisions based on the best available facts and evidence. It means being alert to potential biases and seeking and examining the evidence with rigor.

certainty

means that all the information the decision maker needs is fully available.

supply chain management

refers to managing the sequence of suppliers and purchasers and covers all stages of processing, from obtaining raw materials to distributing finished goods to consumers

triple bottom line

refers to measuring an organization's social performance, its environmental performance, and its financial performance

big data analytics

refers to technologies, skills, and processes for searching and examining massive, complex sets of data that traditional data processing applications cannot handle to uncover hidden patterns and correlations

diagnosis

the step in the decision-making process in which managers analyze underlying causal factors associated with the decision situation.

Diversification

the strategy of moving into new lines of business, as Amazon did by acquiring Twitch Interactive, or as UnitedHealth Group did by purchasing medical groups

If managers are talking about the performance aspects of People, Planet, and Profit, they are most likely discussing what?

the triple bottom line

synergy

the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

risk propensity

the willingness to undertake risk with the opportunity of gaining an increased payoff.

Brazil's economic growth slowed over the past few years, but it is still one of the fastest-growing emerging economies in the world.

true

TRUE OR FASLE: Companies that use a focus strategy have narrow buyer groups.

true

During the diagnosis step of the decision-making process, managers might ___________________ to uncover the root cause of a problem.

use the 5 whys method

directive style

used by people who prefer simple, clear-cut solutions to problems. Managers who use this style often make decisions quickly because they do not like to deal with a lot of information and may consider only one or two alternatives.

Brainstorming

uses a face-to-face interactive group to spontaneously suggest as many ideas as possible for solving a problem. has drawbacks

consistency culture

uses an internal focus and a consistency orientation for a stable environment. Following the rules and being thrifty are valued, and the culture supports and rewards a methodical, rational, and orderly way of doing things

Being Overconfident/decision making

Overconfidence can be particularly dangerous when making risky decisions.

long-term orientation

found in China and other Asian countries, includes a greater concern for the future and highly values thrift and perseverance

SWOT analysis

(in which "SWOT" stands for "strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats") includes a careful assessment of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that affect organizational performance.

Cultural leaders influence culture in two key areas:

1. The cultural leader articulates a vision for the organizational culture that employees can believe in. 2. The cultural leader heeds the day-to-day activities that reinforce the cultural vision.

boundary spanning

links to and coordinates the organization with key elements in the external environment

Shipments of compact digital cameras dropped by 42% due to the industry being unable to adjust to changes in the ________.

technological dimension

general environment

Effects organizations indirectly. It includes social, economic, legal-political, international, natural, and technological factors that influence all organizations about equally.

In the context of the types of corporate culture, which of the following scenarios illustrates the adaptability culture?

Employees at Bilton Associates have to be flexible and responsive in meeting the changing consumer needs and have the liberty to make decisions.

partnerships

Partnerships represent a higher level of involvement in international trade. joint ventures

Abigail's first response to a problem is to request data reports from the management information system and then study the data carefully.

analytical style

Innovative Decision Making

The ability to make fast, widely supported, high-quality decisions on a frequent basis is a critical skill in today's fast-moving organizations.

theory y

The assumption that employees like work, are creative, seek responsibility, and can exercise self-direction.

In _____________________ , employees generate a wide range of alternatives. Organizations may use electronic ________________ to encourage participation from people with social inhibitions, reduce a tendency to conform, and increase the diversity of participants.

brainstorming, electronic brainstorming

Goals and plans may have drawbacks such as:

create a false sense of certainty; and •may cause rigidity in a turbulent environment.

system

interrelated parts that function as a whole to achieve a common purpose

merger

occurs when two or more organizations combine to become one.

organizational ecosystem

system formed by the interaction among a community of organizations in the environment

Strategic Thinking

to take the long-term view and to see the big picture, including the organization and the competitive environment, and consider how they fit together.

Alyson is an employee at Who'd of Thunk It Games, a company that was just purchased by a competitor. The goals set forth by the new management team are extremely ambitious and are placing seemingly insurmountable goals for the employees. Alyson and some other employees have resorted to stealing some ideas from another company and passing them off as their own. Which best describes how the company's approach is affecting the employees? a. Stifling intuition and creativity b. Creating too much pressure c. Rigidity in a turbulent environment

???

Which of the following conditions most favors use of the classical model of decision making?

A large amount of data stored in a computer system that can be used to support quantitative decision techniques

political risk

is defined as the risk of loss of assets, earning power, or managerial control due to politically based events or actions by host governments

Typically set by frontline managers, _______________________ are the precise, measurable outcomes expected from departments, work groups, and individuals.

operational goals

high performance culture

Managers emphasize both values and business results

Perpetuating the status quo./decision making

Managers may base decisions on what has worked in the past and may fail to explore new options, dig for additional information, or investigate new technologies.

Starbucks expanded into the European market with packed stores in Germany and the United Kingdom, but its sales and profits in its French stores were disappointing. Some of the reasons for this were a sluggish economy, more expensive rent, and higher labor costs in France; furthermore, Starbucks did not adapt to the café culture of France. Identify a reason that most likely affected Starbucks's ability to thrive in France.

Starbucks did not factor in the international dimension of its external environment.

The hotel chain Ritz-Carlton uses the phrase "Ladies and gentlemen taking care of ladies and gentlemen" to demonstrate the company's cultural commitment to take care of both employees and customers. Which of the following is the Ritz-Carlton using to express its corporate culture?

The company is expressing a key corporate value with a slogan.

Conscious Capitalism

also been referred to as a shared value approach, refers to following organizational policies and practices that both enhance the economic success of a company and advance the economic and social conditions of the communities in which the company operates.

Implementation

stage involves the use of managerial, administrative, and persuasive abilities to ensure that the chosen alternative is carried out.

benefit corporation

a for-profit organization that has a stated purpose that includes creating a material that has a positive impact on society; is required to consider the impact of all decisions not only on shareholders but also on employees, the community, and the environment; and voluntarily holds itself to high standards of accountability and transparency

trans-pacific partnership

a trade agreement among 12 countries, including the United States, Canada, Japan, and Malaysia. The agreement is designed to reduce trade barriers, promote economic growth and job creation, promote transparency, and enhance labor and environmental protections in the participating countries.

_______ refers to the natural tendency of people to regard their own culture as superior and to downgrade or dismiss other cultural values.

a. Ethnocentrism

What is the top reason managers fail in their role?

a. Ineffective communication skills and practices

Which of the following is the first step in the managerial decision-making process?

a. Recognition of a decision requirement

Management is the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through ______, ______, ______, and ______ organizational resources.

a. planning, organizing, leading, and controlling

The _____ provided a way to address the massive and complicated problems associated with modern global warfare that presented managerial decision makers with the need for sophisticated tools.

a. quantitative perspective

Being influenced by emotions./decision making

decision when you were angry, upset, or extremely happy,

Key performance indicators (KPIs)

assess what is important to the organization and how well the organization is progressing toward attaining its strategic goal; these indicators help managers establish lower-level goals that drive performance toward the overall strategic objective.

Companies should view whistleblowers as:

assets to be valued

Examine the following companies and their decisions. Which of them is most likely to have faced an ethical dilemma during the decision-making process?

b. A company that wants to lower its costs and, hence, outsources its production to a foreign company that uses child labor

Allison, a manager, must make decisions about a problem she is facing in her current project. She has identified the decision requirement and has analyzed the causes of the problem. Which of the following actions should she take next?

b. Generate possible alternative solutions to the problem

What does it mean to think strategically?

b. Take the long-term view and to see the big picture, including the organization and the competitive environment, and consider how they fit together

task environment

closer to the organization and includes the sectors that conduct day-to-day transactions with the organization and directly influence its basic operations and performance. It is generally considered to include competitors, suppliers, customers, and the labor market

______ is a category of human behavior in which values and standards are written into the legal system and are enforceable in the courts.

codified law

Benjamin has accepted a management position overseas in Japan. He is excited about this opportunity and has been learning about Japanese culture and how his current environment will change. In the context of the dimensions of a global mind-set, Benjamin is most likely using the _____.

cognitive dimension

human resources perspective

combines prescriptions for design of job tasks with theories of motivation, allows workers to use their full potential

If you sue your company because you should have been paid overtime and were not, and the court awards you back pay, this is an example of ____________________ .

compensatory justice

contingency plans

define company responses to be taken in the case of emergencies, setbacks, or unexpected conditions. To develop contingency plans, managers identify important factors in the environment, such as possible economic downturns, declining markets, increases in cost of supplies, new technological developments, or safety accidents.

strategic plans

define the action steps by which the company intends to attain strategic goals. The strategic plan is the blueprint that defines the organizational activities and resource allocations—in the form of cash, personnel, space, and facilities—required for meeting these targets

the Delphi technique

defines a system to gather expert opinions needed to understand the situation and make an informed decision that objectively has the best chance of success

cultural leader

defines and uses signals and symbols to influence corporate culture. The leader clarifies what the new culture should be and crafts a story that inspires people to change.

principle-based statements

designed to affect corporate culture; they define fundamental values and contain general language about company responsibilities, quality of products, and treatment of employees.

after-action review

disciplined procedure whereby managers invest time in reviewing the results of decisions on a regular basis and learn from them

In the context of the BCG (Boston Consulting Group) matrix, the _____ is a poor performer that has only a small share of a slow-growth market.

dog

The management of Axil Inc., an investment firm, believes in providing the best facilities to its employees. It decides to provide the employees with expensive Colombian coffee and free lunch. In the context of human action, the firm's decisions and beliefs pertain to the domain of _____.

free choice

Ropalique is a popular clothing brand in the country Wesabania. The company wants to expand its market and decides to establish itself in the country Tristonville. To accomplish this, Ropalique collaborates with a local clothing brand called Vestinx in Tristonville and provides resources and trademark rights to Vestinx. This enables Vestinx to produce and market Ropalique's products. In the context of strategies for entering the international arena, Ropalique is most likely using _____.

joint ventures

analytical style

like to consider complex solutions based on as much data as they can gather.

BCG matrix

organizes businesses along two dimensions—business growth rate and market share. Business growth rate pertains to how rapidly the entire industry is increasing. Market share defines whether a business unit has a larger or smaller share than competitors

GM's decision to continue to manage eight brands, despite flagging sales and customer loss, is most strongly an example of ________.

perpetuating the status quo

stakeholder mapping

provides a systematic way to identify the expectations, needs, importance, and relative power of various stakeholders, which may change over time. Stakeholder mapping helps managers identify or prioritize the key stakeholders related to a specific issue or project

Hannah has invested in a business unit in a new and rapidly growing industry that has a small market share. In the context of the BCG (Boston Consulting Group) matrix, Hannah has most likely invested in a _____.

question mark

decision

choice made from available alternatives.

collectivism

means a preference for a tightly knit social framework in which individuals look after one another and organizations protect their members' interests

Which of the following is a difference between programmed decisions and nonprogrammed decisions?

b. Unlike nonprogrammed decisions, programmed decisions are made in response to recurring organizational problems.

cognitive dimension

means knowing about the global environment and global business, mentally understanding how cultures differ, and having the ability to interpret complex global changes.

Which of the following is a difference between principle-based statements and policy-based statements?

b. Unlike principle-based statements, policy-based statements generally outline the procedures to be used in specific ethical situations.

risk

means that a decision has clear-cut goals and that good information is available, but the future outcomes associated with each alternative are subject to some chance of loss or failure

satisficing

means that decision makers choose the first solution alternative that satisfies minimal decision criteria.

normative

means that it defines how a decision maker should make decisions. It does not describe how managers actually make decisions so much as it provides guidelines on how to reach an ideal outcome for the organization.

In the context of the perspectives on management, the _____ is a subfield of the classical perspective that focuses on the total organization rather than the individual worker and delineates the management functions of planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling.

b. administrative principles approach

uncertainty

means that managers know which goals they wish to achieve, but information about alternatives and future events is incomplete. Factors that may affect a decision, such as price, production costs, volume, or future interest rates, are difficult to analyze and predict.

bounded rationality

means that people have limits, or boundaries, on how rational they can be. Organizations are incredibly complex, and managers have the time and ability to process only a limited amount of information with which to make decisions

implicit communication

means that people send and receive unspoken cues, such as tone of voice or body language, in addition to the explicit spoken words when talking with others.

supply chain

network of multiple businesses and individuals that are connected through the flow of products or services

Boeing's decision to build the 707 after World War II would be considered a _______.

non-programmed decisions

confirmation bias/seeing what you want to see

occurs when a manager puts too much value on evidence that is consistent with a favored belief or viewpoint and discounts evidence that contradicts it.

Rachel is the managing director of LivviPro Inc., a life insurance agency. She believes in using various disciplines such as sociology, psychology, anthropology, and economics to understand the employees in the organization. The agency uses employee profiles in its hiring process. This practice is most consistent with the _____.

behavioral sciences approach

Playyonic is a gaming console manufacturer that manufactures compact high-end gaming devices. None of Playyonic's competitors have been able to meet its standard. This is most likely an example of Playyonic's _____.

core competence

problem

occurs when organizational accomplishment is less than established goals. Some aspect of performance is unsatisfactory.

anchoring bias

occurs when we allow initial impressions, statistics, and estimates to act as anchors to our subsequent thoughts and judgments. Being influenced by initial impressions.

classical model

of decision making is based on rational economic assumptions and managers' beliefs about what ideal decision making should be.

A broad statement of where an organization wants to be in the future and pertains to the organization as a whole, rather than to specific divisions or departments, is referred to as ________.

strategic goals

A CEO says, "Our company needs to be profitable so we can continue to employ people and deliver a return on investment to our shareholders. Our company also needs to obey the law, and it needs to treat all its stakeholders fairly." This CEO is describing a _________________________ policy.

corporate social responsibility

At a company located in California, the management team engages in ____________________ to develop detailed plans in case of a devastating earthquake.

crisis planning

Managers work in an internal environment, which includes ____________

culture

By acquiring a technology company that develops smartphone apps, a video-streaming business hopes to achieve ____________ , combining its video rights with mobile technology to increase profits.

synergy

At MultiMarkets, a chain of retail stores, top management decided to respond to the growing challenge of online retail websites with __________________________ , using planning experts to help store managers develop their own plans.

decentralized planning

Victoria is a top executive working with the managers in the major divisions of a multinational corporation to develop their own goals. This is most likely an example of _____.

decentralized planning

In the context of competitive advantage, when an organization's parts interact to produce a joint effect that is greater than the sum of the parts acting alone, it is referred to as _____.

synergy

In an example of _______, Vladimir is a manager at Auttowort Inc., an automotive plant in the United States. Auttowort has started expanding to other countries and is now sourcing 25 percent of its parts at a discounted rate from an automotive supplier in Brazil. It has also outsourced some of its operations to India.

globalization

tactical plans

are designed to help execute the major strategic plans and to accomplish a specific part of the company's strategy. Tactical plans typically have a shorter time horizon than strategic plans—that is, over the next year or so.

moral rights approach

asserts that human beings have fundamental rights and liberties that cannot be taken away by an individual's decision. Thus, an ethically correct decision is one that best maintains the rights of those affected by i

The ______________________ has rapidly become part of the culture in the United States and elsewhere, as people increasingly consider the impact that an organization has on the environment when deciding whether to buy its products and services.

green movement

ethics committee

group of executives (and sometimes lower-level employees as well) appointed to oversee company ethics.

devil's advocate

has the role of challenging the assumptions and assertions made by the group. The devil's advocate may force the group to rethink its approach to the problem and avoid reaching premature conclusions.

exporting

he company maintains its production facilities within the home nation and transfers its products for sale in foreign countries

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

management's obligation to make choices and take actions that will contribute to the welfare and interests of society, not just the organization. As our planet is going through changes in the environment, more people take into consideration a product or a company's effect on the natural environment.

Which of these is an example of "serving the bottom of the pyramid"?

b. Radical Computer Corp. is a multinational computer company that acquires resources from all over the world. They found that in many of the countries they get their materials, the citizens have little to no internet access and cannot afford computers. They decided to build highly affordable computers and install a wireless infrastructure to assist the poorest in these countries in getting online.

Bob is a student at Fresno State University who recently got his first F. Now he has to make a decision about how to get his grades back up. Having recently taken a class on decision making, Bob decides to follow the six-step process for deciding what to do. What problem is Bob most likely to face during the recognition of decision requirement step in the decision-making process?

Not being aware enough of things going on around him to see where problems and opportunities exist

escalating committment

Research has found that managers and organizations often continue to invest time and money in a solution even when there is strong evidence that it is not appropriate.Managers might block or distort negative information because they don't want to be responsible for a bad decision, or they might simply refuse to accept that their solution is wrong

global outsourcing

also called offshoring, means engaging in the international division of labor so that work activities can be done in countries with the cheapest sources of labor and supplies

Anastasia, a regional manager, started a project three years ago while riding high on the success of several other projects that had earned her a name within the company and accelerated her career path. Using her early successes as free rein to move forward with some risky decisions, she found after three years that her decisions were not paying off and the project was in jeopardy. Which of the following biases does Anastasia exhibit in this scenario?

being overconfident

Proposed by Herbert A. Simon, _______________________ means that managers are limited in the extent to which they can use the classical model of decision making, because they only have so much time and ability to process information.

bounded rationality

Dean owns a bakery that creates customized cakes for business events and weddings. When he faced a problem with the execution of the design for a wedding cake, he assembled his team members in a room, explained the problem to them, and asked them to spontaneously suggest ways to resolve the problem. Dean was surprised by the number of innovative solutions he received from his team members. In the given scenario, Dean used a technique called _____.

brainstorming

point-counterpoint

breaks a decision-making group into two subgroups and assigns them different, often competing, responsibilities. The groups then develop and exchange proposals and discuss and debate the various options until they arrive at a common set of understandings and recommendations

Which of the following is a difference between the classical model of decision making and the administrative model of decision making?

c. The classical model defines how managers should make decisions, whereas the administrative model defines how managers actually make decisions.

In the context of the BCG (Boston Consulting Group) matrix, the _____ exists in a mature, slow-growth industry but is a dominant business in the industry, with a large market share.

cash cow

The study of modern management began in the late nineteenth century with the _______ and is centered around scientific management, bureaucratic organizations, administrative principles, and management science.

classical perspective

_____ refers to what sets an organization apart from others and provides it with a distinctive edge for meeting customer or client needs in the marketplace.

competitive advantage

The management at Joy, a local jewelry store in London, has hired a comparison shopper to visit other local jewelry stores to gain product pricing information. This scenario most likely illustrates the concept of _____.

competitive intelligence

Steve likes to discuss a number of different alternatives with his team before choosing one.

conceptual style

social dimension

concerns the ability to behave in ways that build trusting relationships with people who are different from oneself.

administrative model

considered to be descriptive, meaning that it describes how managers actually make decisions in complex situations rather than dictating how they should make decisions according to a theoretical ideal. The administrative model recognizes the human and environmental limitations that affect the degree to which managers can pursue a rational decision-making process.

_______ culture uses an internal focus for a stable environment and supports a rational and orderly way of doing business.

consistency

individualism approach

contends that acts are moral when they promote the individual's best long-term interests. In theory, with everyone pursuing self-direction, the greater good is ultimately served because people learn to accommodate each other in their own long-term interest. Individualism is believed to lead to honesty and integrity because that works best in the long run.

Quinn is a high-level manager with Juiciest Juices brand juice drinks. The company wants to introduce their product to the Italian market. Their preference is to use mainly local Italian crops to produce the juice. This will help boost the Italian economy, along with benefitting their advertising plan. However, there is doubt that a specific variety of berry will grow well in Italy. Quinn has taken it upon herself to sample native berries and has found one with a similar flavor profile that could work as a replacement. What kind of planning is Quinn demonstrating?

contingency planning

Which of the following involves monitoring activities and making corrections?

controlling

Zach's reaction to this scenario is: "That's not a good decision. She'll probably wind up needing one, if not several, of her friends to cover for her. How do you think that's going to make them feel?" Which of Kohlberg's levels of development does this response represent?

conventional

Amanda, the CEO of a company, knows that constructive conflict can help bring problems to the forefront and develop innovative solutions for them. When she faced the conflict of whether or not to merge with a rival company, she brought the issue to the notice of a select group of employees and encouraged them to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the merger. She assigned Steve, the vice president of the company, the task of challenging each and every assumption and assertion made by the group. In the given scenario, Steve played the role of a _____.

devil's advocate

Taking pleasure in meeting people who speak a different language and have different viewpoints on the world

emotional

involvement culture

emphasizes an internal focus on the participation of employees to adapt rapidly to changing needs from the environment

involvement culture

emphasizes an internal focus on the participation of employees to adapt rapidly to changing needs from the environment. This culture places a high value on meeting the needs of employees, and the organization may be characterized by a caring, family-like atmosphere.

The phrase to "design the rules of the game without specifying the actions of the players" refers to what type of manager?

enablers

Mike, a manager at a graphic design firm, spends his time initiating improvement projects, identifying new ideas, and delegating idea responsibility to others. Mike is most likely a(n) _______.

entrepreneur

utilitarian approach

espoused by the nineteenth-century philosophers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, holds that moral behavior produces the greatest good for the greatest number. Under this approach, a decision maker is expected to consider the effect of each decision alternative on all parties and select the one that optimizes the benefits for the greatest number of people.

The CEO of your company asks you to hire her nephew, Dave, who has been struggling to find a job. This is an _____________ because Dave is not the most qualified person the company could hire for the position.

ethical issue

Jerzy wants to keep his overall costs down and to enter into the international marketplace slowly and carefully. He is considering the use of countertrade, where he would send his shoes to Spain in return for high-quality Spanish cowhides.

exporting

herp

figure who exemplifies the deeds, character, and attributes of a strong culture. Heroes are role models for employees to follow. Heroes with strong legacies may continue to influence a culture even after they are gone.

short-term orientation

found in Russia and West Africa, is more concerned with the past and the present and places a high value on tradition and meeting social obligations.

policy-based statements

generally outline the procedures to be used in specific ethical situations.

tactical goals and plans

ghe responsibility of middle managers, such as the heads of major divisions or functional units

Somebody who has extensive experience interacting with people different from themselves is an example of a(n) _______.

global leader

A manager with a ______ can perceive and respond to many different perspectives at the same time.

global mind-set

Jerzy knows that he will have to expand his operations if he wants to produce enough shoes for an international market. He has heard that there are shoe dyers in the Ukraine who will work for much lower prices than the dyers in his town charge. Jerzy is considering sending some of his work out to a Ukrainian shoe dying factory as a way to keep his costs down while he determines exactly how much demand exists for his product.

global outsourcing

power distance

high power distance means that people accept inequality in power among institutions, organizations, and people. Low power distance means that people expect equality in power. Countries that value high power distance include Malaysia, India, and the Philippines.

uncertainty avoidance

high uncertainty avoidance means that members of a society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity and thus support beliefs that promise certainty and conformity. Low uncertainty avoidance means that people have great tolerance for the unstructured, the unclear, and the unpredictable. High uncertainty avoidance countries include Greece, Portugal, and Uruguay. Countries with low uncertainty avoidance values include Sweden, Singapore, and Jamaica.

Arron, the CEO of a multinational corporation, believes that effective control in an organization comes from each employee's internal motivation rather than from authoritarian control from the top levels of management. In this scenario, Arron's beliefs are most consistent with the _____.

human relations movement

operational plans

identify the specific procedures or processes needed at lower levels of the organization, such as individual departments and employees.

social media programs

include company online community pages, wikis for virtual collaboration, social media sites such as Facebook or LinkedIn, video channels such as YouTube, microblogging platforms such as Twitter, and company online forums.

legal-political dimension

includes government regulations at the local, state, and federal levels, as well as political activities designed to influence company behavior.

At the social media company NetApp, the culture emphasizes teamwork, and managers and employees have rooftop meetings. All of these are elements of the ______________________

internal environment

programmed decisions

involve situations that have occurred often enough to enable decision rules to be developed and applied in the future. Programmed decisions are made in response to recurring organizational problems.

Devon owns a real estate company. He is aware of a decline in the housing market and realizes the need to encourage the realtors working for him to adapt to this change in the company's external environment. Devon decides to hold bimonthly meetings with all his employees to discuss their concerns and ideas, thereby showing how highly he values meeting his employees' needs and creating a family-like atmosphere. In the given scenario, Devon is using the _____.

involvement culture

slogan

is a phrase or sentence that succinctly expresses a key corporate value. Many companies use slogans or sayings to convey special meaning to employees.

cost leadership strategy

is a strategy with which managers aggressively seek efficient facilities, cut costs, and use tight cost controls to be more efficient than others in the industry

multinational corporation (MNC)

is an organization that receives more than 25 percent of its total sales revenues from operations outside the parent company's home country and has a number of distinctive managerial characteristics.

strategy formulation

is the stage of strategic management that includes the planning and decision making that lead to the establishment of the organization's goals and a specific strategic plan.

The Japan-based multinational Sony engaged in a __________________ when it partnered with Shanghai Oriental Pearl Group. Together, the two companies would make and market PlayStation consoles and games in China.

joint-venture

An MNC is __________ vulnerable to an economic downturn in a given national or regional economy, such as the United States or the European Union.

less

conceptual style

like to consider a broad amount of information. However, they are more socially oriented than those with an analytical style and like to talk to others about the problem and possible alternatives for solving it.

In a _____, people use communication primarily to exchange facts and information.

low-context culture

nonprogrammed decisions

made in response to situations that are unique, are poorly defined and largely unstructured, and have important consequences for the organization.

focus strategy

managers use either a differentiation or a cost leadership approach, but they concentrate on a specific regional market or buyer group.

behavioral style

often the style adopted by managers who have a deep concern for others as individuals. Managers using this style like to talk to people one on one, understand their feelings about the problem, and consider the effect of a given decision on them.

Raj, a lower-level manager at a content writing firm, instructed his subordinate to complete 12 articles by the end of the week. This is most likely an example of a(n) _____.

operational goal

The team members of the technical team in Wescrult Inc. are working on a crucial project. Their manager, Wendy, is thinking about her team and deciding what tasks have to be done next week, and which tasks to give to which employees. Their previous manager assigned responsibilities to each of them and directed them on how to accomplish these tasks. Their previous manager was most likely _______.

organizing

high-context culture

people are sensitive to circumstances surrounding social exchanges. People use communication primarily to build personal social relationships; meaning is derived from context—setting, status, and nonverbal behavior—more than from explicit words; relationships and trust are more important than business; and the welfare and harmony of the group are valued

low-context culture

people use communication primarily to exchange facts and information; meaning is derived primarily from words; business transactions are more important than building relationships and trust; and individual welfare and achievement are more important than the group

When Google created its China-based search engine www.google.cn, they did not foresee eventually abandoning it because of censorship issues with the Chinese government. Google created www.google.cn because country-based search engines, such as France-based www.google.fr and Greece-based www.google.gr, had been profitable for the company in the past. Which of the following biases could have been in effect when Google made the initial decision to launch www.google.cn?

perpetuating the status quo

cultural intelligence

person's ability to use reasoning and observation skills to interpret unfamiliar gestures and situations and devise appropriate behavioral responses. Cultural intelligence includes three components that work together: cognitive, emotional, and physical.

ceremony

planned activities at special events, to reinforce company values.

Sergio, the manager of a software firm, has a new project for his team. He is preparing a set of targets and making decisions on how to attain these targets before assigning the tasks to his team members. In the context of the functions of management, Sergio is most likely _____.

planning

decentralized planning

planning experts work with managers in major divisions or departments to develop their own goals and plans.

_____ is defined as the risk of loss of assets, earning power, or managerial control due to actions by host governments.

political risk

Delwazic Inc. is a multinational corporation (MNC) that creates products specialized for a few host countries. It manufactures berets in France, cowboy hats in the United States, bowlers in the United Kingdom, and bush hats in Australia. In this scenario, Delwazic Inc. is most likely a(n) _____.

polycentric company

A lifeguard in Florida was fired for leaving his assigned zone because he opted to help a drowning man, even though his supervisor had ordered him not to leave his zone and to call 911 for help instead. The actions of the lifeguard were motivated by his internal values. In the given scenario, the lifeguard is at the _____ of moral development.

postconventional level

I'm interviewed by news organizations like The New York Times all the time, and I'm completely comfortable explaining Facebook's policies to them and to their readers.

practical approach

In the context of the approaches that help managers in ethical decision making, the _____ sidesteps debates about what is right, good, or just and bases decisions on prevailing standards of the profession and the larger society, taking the interests of all stakeholders into account.

practical approach

Crisis Planning

prepare the organization, its managers, and its employees to cope with sudden catastrophic events that could destroy the firm if a crisis-response plan were not in place.

After several years with the publishing house that Jessica started at after college, she has been promoted to manager of the fiction team. In her new role, Jessica is open to new ideas and bucks company trends and sometimes policy to create a welcoming environment for both the employees and the writers who work with the publishing house. While this approach was frowned upon at first, the results she achieved in such a short period of time put her on the map as somebody to watch. Jessica is demonstrating what stage of moral development?

principled level

In a food manufacturing company, the decision to reorder raw materials when inventories drop to a certain level is an example of a(n) _____.

programmed decision

bottom of the pyramid (BOP)

proposes that corporations can alleviate poverty and other social ills, as well as make significant profits, by selling to the world's poorest people

5 whys

question-asking method used to explore the root cause underlying a particular problem.

stretch goals

reasonable yet highly ambitious goals that are so clear, compelling, and imaginative that they fire up employees and engender excellence. Stretch goals are typically so far beyond the current levels that people must innovate to find ways to reach them.

globalization

refers to the extent to which trade and investments, information, social and cultural ideas, and political cooperation flow between countries.

groupthink

refers to the tendency of people in groups to suppress contrary opinions. When people slip into groupthink, the desire for harmony outweighs concerns over decision quality. Group members emphasize maintaining unity rather than realistically challenging problems and alternatives. People censor their personal opinions and are reluctant to criticize the opinions of others.

social business

refers to using social media technologies for interacting with and facilitating communication and collaboration among employees, customers, and other stakeholders

distributive approach

requires that different treatment of people not be based on arbitrary characteristics. For example, men and women should not receive different salaries if they have the same qualifications and are performing the same job.

procedural justice

requires that rules be administered fairly. Rules should be clearly stated and consistently and impartially enforced.

operational goals

results expected from departments, work groups, and individuals. precise and measurable

ethical dilemma

rises in a situation concerning right or wrong when values are in conflict. Right and wrong cannot be clearly identified

Javier is the manager at a software company. His team has been tasked with finding a solution for some annoying bugs found in their new spreadsheet software. Javier knows that there is an elegant solution, but the time and effort it will take to implement would push back the software release significantly, so he works with his team to come up with a faster, less elegant solution that can be implemented in time for the software to be released on schedule. What type of decision is Javier making?

satisficing

When managers look at current trends, visualize the future, and think about what could be, rather than looking only at history and thinking about what has been, they are most likely using _____.

scenario building

nominal group technique

sets guidelines for brainstorming and decision making to include all members of the group through setting processes and norms for group behavior.

The people in the country Bleusville focus on the past and the present rather than on the future. In Bleusville, tradition and social obligation are considered important. This scenario best illustrates a(n) _____.

short-term orientation

practical approach

sidesteps debates about what is right, good, or just and bases decisions on prevailing standards of the profession and the larger society, taking the interests of all stakeholders into account.

Julia, the manager of a software firm, considers multiple perspectives before making crucial decisions. She specializes in the ability to behave in ways that build a trusting relationship with people who are different than her. In the context of the dimensions of a global mind-set, Julia is most likely using the _____.

social dimension

core competence

something that the organization does especially well in comparison to its competitors. A core competence represents a competitive advantage because the company acquires expertise that competitors do not have.

chief ethics officer

sometimes called a chief ethics and compliance officer, a company executive who oversees all aspects of ethics and legal compliance, including establishing and broadly communicating standards, conducting ethics training programs, dealing with exceptions or problems, and advising senior managers in the ethical and compliance aspects of decisions

strategy execution

stage of strategic management that involves the use of managerial and organizational tools to direct resources toward achieving strategic outcomes.

A narrative based on true events that is repeated frequently and shared among organizational employees is called a ______.

story

David, a middle-level manager in a graphic design firm, presents a detailed estimate of his team's budget and the approximate number of resources required for the next year. In this scenario, David has most likely contributed to developing the company's _____.

tactical goal

Snapchat markets itself to women below the age of 25 (18-24), most of which are still in high school and college. This helps Snapchat create a competitive advantage by

targeting customers

Werkley Inc. is a product manufacturing company. It relies on its suppliers for raw materials, on the labor market for its personnel needs, and on its customers for profits. In the given scenario, the suppliers, the labor market, and the customers make up the _____ of Werkley Inc.

task environment

ambiguity

that the goals to be achieved or the problem to be solved is unclear, alternatives are difficult to define, and information about outcomes is unavailable. most difficult decision situation

systems thinking

the ability to see both the distinct elements of a system or situation and the complex and changing interaction among those elements.

Emmanuel, a manager, takes a deep interest in the personal development of his team members. Therefore, whenever a problem arises, he talks to them one on one, understands their feelings about the problem, and considers the impact of a particular decision on them. Which of the following decision styles does Emmanuel use?

the behavioral style

Reema is the manager of a high end restaurant. She likes to gather a broad amount of information, discuss the problems and potential solutions with her staff and other managers, and come up with creative ways to solve problems that keep her restaurant on the cutting edge of the food service industry. Which of the following decision styles does Reema use?

the conceptual style

psychological dimension

the emotional and affective aspect. This includes a liking for diverse ways of thinking and acting, a willingness to take risks, and the energy and self-confidence to deal with the unpredictable and uncertain.

international dimension

the external environment, which includes events originating in foreign countries, as well as new opportunities for U.S. companies in other countries.

technological dimension

the general environment includes scientific and technological advancements in a specific industry, as well as in society at large.

sociocultural dimension

the general environment represents the demographic characteristics, norms, customs, and values of the general population.

mission

the organization's reason for existence. The mission describes the organization's values, aspirations, and reason for being.

strategy

the plan of action that describes resource allocation and activities for dealing with the environment, achieving a competitive advantage, and attaining the organization's goals.

decision making

the process of identifying problems and opportunities and then resolving them. Decision making involves effort both before and after the actual choice

Strategic Management

the set of decisions and actions used to formulate and execute strategies that will provide a competitively superior fit between the organization and its environment to achieve organizational goals.

A cultural leader articulates a vision for the organizational culture that employees can believe in.

true

Hannah is an HR specialist at an investment firm, and she is responsible for conflict management. She believes that conflicts should be resolved in a way that is beneficial to all involved. Therefore, when a conflict arose between the heads of the finance department and the legal department over the shared use of an employee, she came up with a schedule that allowed both the departments to use the expertise of the employee without hindering each other's schedules. In the context of the various ethical decision-making approaches, Hannah's beliefs and actions are consistent with those asserted by the ___.

utilitarian approach

Henry & David Inc. is a law firm in the United States. Recently, a female employee of the firm filed a sexual harassment complaint against her supervisor. To maintain the firm's internal and external reputation, the CEO of the firm directed the HR manager to turn a deaf ear to the complaint and suppress any rumors related to it. However, Seth, an employee at the firm, discovered this and reported the actions of the CEO to the concerned authorities. In this scenario, Seth is a(n) ____.

whistle-blower