MGT 3200 final
77) Which is NOT an aspect of an effective goal setting program in all situations?
"do your best" goals
86) Which of the following characteristics identified in trait theory reliably tells you who is going to be a leader?
behavioral flexibility
3) Which power base exemplifies supervision? a) Expert power b) Coercive power c) Referent power d) Legitimate power e) Reward power
d
38) Hygiene factors are equivalent to what needs in Maslow's hierarchy? a) Safety needs b) Physiological needs c) social needs d) all of the above e) only physiological and safety needs
d
50) Fielder's cognitive resource model predicts that a) in high stress situation, intelligent.... b) In low stress situations, intelligent.... c) Blah d) Both A and B
d
Leaders who use coercive power to gain compliance with their requests are using what type of consequence to gain compliance? a) Punishment b) Negative reinforcement c) Positive reinforcement d) All of the above e) Both A and B
e
90) Which of the following does not occur as the size of the work group increases?
fewer cliques form
79) ______ occurs when workers withhold their efforts and/or fail to perform their share of the workload in a team
social loafing
65) Maslow believed
the lowest unsatisfied need in the hierarchy motivates your behavior
71) ______ is to Theory X as _______ is to Theory Y.
"leave alone zap" management; "catch people doing it right" mgmnt
58) When a manger asks individual subordinates, one at a time, for information and then makes the decision alone, the manager is using the ______ method of decision-making.
Consultative I
11) Which of the following is a characteristic of a formal group? a) It has specialized roles and duties b) It may not support the organization's goals c) It develops naturally d) It helps to satisfy an employee's social needs e) It emphasizes personal and social relations
a
15) The fact that groups allow us to verify our perceptions of our jobs, an organization's reward system, a supervisor' behavior, etc., reflects the facts that groups: a) Satisfy our reality needs b) Acts a leveling agent to keep us on an even plane c) Satisfy our social needs d) Socialize us e) Act as linking pins
a
22) The more a manager uses coercive power, the lower his/her ____ will be. a) Referent powers b) Expert powers c) Reward power d) Legitimate power
a
25) Although Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership has been heavily criticized, it has some interesting implications for leadership. Which of the following is not one of the implications from Fiedler's theory? a) Leadership training can be very beneficial to leaders, in that it will help them adapt better to different situations b) Work group performance can be enhanced by changing the situation to fit the leader c) Anyone can be a leader if you find the right situation that matches your leadership style d) There is no such thing as a perfect leader for all situations
a
26) The overall research on the five power bases and their relationships to productivity revealed that this power base had no significant effect on productivity in the workplace. However, when this power base is used properly it does increase productivity. What power base it is? a) Reward power b) Referent power c) Expert power d) Legitimate power e) Coercive power
a
27) At Pat's project team meeting, instead of achieving any progress towards completing the project, team members spent the whole time arguing about the overall approach to take and who should lead the project. This group is experience what stage of development? a) Storming b) Performing c) Adjourning d) Norming e) Forming
a
35) Which is not an aspect of an effective goal setting program in all situations? a) Subordinate participation in goal-setting. b) Rewards for goal attainment c) Periodic feedback sessions d) Specific, challenging goals e) All of the above are aspects of an effective goal setting program in all situations
a
36) Suppose that you do something the way your boss asks you to do it because you believe that your boss knows the best way to do it. What power base would your boss be relying on? a) Expert power b) Coercive power c) Reward power d) Referent power e) Legitimate power
a
43) Which of the following is an example of initiating structure leadership behavior? a) Providing emotional support and encouragement to subordinates b) Showing respect for the subordinates' ideas c) Showing concern for subordinates's feelings d) Listening to subordinates e) None of the above
a
45) Maslow believed a) the lowest need in the hierarchy motivates your behavior b) satisfied needs can motivate your behavior c) the strength of a need is highest at the highest levels of the hierarcy d) all of the above e) A and B
a
You are an assembly- line supervisor at a large automobile manufacturer. One of your assembly-line employees is unable to do his job and furthermore he is lazy and unwilling to put forth much effort. Which combination of leadership behaviors should you choose in leading this assembly- line worker? a. High IS and High C b. Low IS and Low C c. High IS and Low C d. Low IS and High C
a
which of the following would an employee NOT do when faced with unfavorable inequity, according to equity theory predictions? a) be more likely to work harder so as to make more money b) be more likely to quit his/her job c) be more likely to steal d) " " to ask his/her boss for a raise e) " " to take longer work breaks
a
10) Which power base best exemplifies leadership? a) Expert power b) Referent power c) Coercive power d) Reward power e) Legitimate power
b
12) All of the following are true concerning the leave-alone zap trap except a) The leave-alone zap trap manager fails to use rewards to motivate employees b) Good performance is punished and poor performance is ignored c) It may increase high performance initially due to the extinction spikes d) It's overcome by delivering 4 positive consequences to every negative consequence e) It causes employees to fear and avoid the manager
b
14) As a business owner, you deliberately under-reward your employees for the work they do to keep them "hungry and motived." In this situation, your benevolent employees will perceive ________, your equity sensitive employees will perceive _______, and your entitled employed will perceive ________. a) Equity; equity; equity b) Unfavorable inequity; equity; favorable inequity c) Equity; unfavorable inequity; unfavorable inequity d) Equality; unfavorable inequity; favorable inequity e) Favorable inequity; equity; unfavorable inequity
b
16) According to Herzberg's 2-factor theory, which of the following is a motivator? a) Excellent benefits b) Feelings of achievement on the job c) Good leadership d) Comfortable working conditions e) All of the above are motivators in Herzberg's 2-factor theory
b
21) You are running for a political office and believe that projecting the right leadership image is the key to getting elected. As a result, you have hired an image consultant to help you craft a leadership image that will connect with voters. What leadership theory would suggest that your money be well spent? a) Reciprocal theory b) Implicit theory c) Trait theory d) None of the above e) Substitutes for leadership
b
24) You mange the radiology group at the Baton Rouge General Hospital. One of your employees is a young x-ray technician who is well-trained and able to do his job, but suffers from a lack of confidence. Which combination of leadership behaviors would you choose in leading this young technician? a) High initiating structure and high consideration b) Low initiating structure and high consideration c) High initiating structure and low consideration d) Low initiation structure and low consideration
b
37) A manager who holds a Theory X view likely to exhibit which type of leadership? a) High consideration and low initiating structure b) Low consideration and high initiating structure c) High consideration and high initiating structure d) Low consideration and low initiating structure
b
4) Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement? a) An individual who increases her sales by 40% is given a brand new Lexus b) An individual who files his reports on time is no longer harassed by his manager c) An individual who make suggestions in meetings is ignored by his manager d) An individual who arrives late to work for the 10th time this month is fired by her boss
b
57) Which of the following is not a benefit of a highly cohesive work group? a) less turnover b) greater creativity c) higher member self-esteem d) better teamwork e) less absenteeism
b
Jelly-bean motivators create an atmosphere/culture that encourages the development of this type of individual? a. Equity sensitive b. Entitled c. Benevolent d. All of the above are encouraged given the jelly-bean motivators management style.
b
Which leadership theory suggest that there may be situational factors that make it "unnecessary" for the leader to "lead"? a) substitutes for leadership b) fielder's contingency theory c) implicit theory d) trait theory e) reciprocal theory
b
91) Which of the following would an employees do when faced with favorable inequity, according to equity theory research?
be more likely to believe that he/she is better than what he/she actually is
2) Out of the following group situations, which is the best case scenario for a manager in terms of the productivity that results? a) High cohesiveness with low productivity norm (worst case) b) Low cohesiveness with low productivity norm c) High cohesiveness with high productivity norm d) Low cohesiveness with high productivity norm e) Any group with a high productivity norm regardless of its cohesiveness
c
34) All of the following are true concerning the jelly-bean motivation trap except a) it can cause the best performers to either "quit and stay" or "quit and leave" b) rewards are provided to employees regardless of their performance c) it can cause the poor performers to want to work harder d) it reduces the meaningfulness of rewards e) it fosters the development of more entitled
c
41) A company has to lay off employees. The offering of outplacement services to help them find another job is one way for the company to meet the employee's _____ needs. a) Social b) Esteem c) Safety d) Self-actualization e) None of the above
c
42) Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement? a) An individual who increases her sales by 40% is given a brand new lexus b) An individual who arrives late to work for the 10th time this month is fired by her boss c) An individual who files his reports on time is no longer harassed by his manager d) An individual who makes suggestions in meetings is ignored by his manager
c
44) Maslow believed a) The highest unsatisfied need in the hierarchy motivates your behavior b) The strength of a need is lowest at the lower levels of the hierarchy c) Satisfied needs cannot motivate your behavior d) The strength of a need is determined by genetics and environment e) All of the above
c
6) Which of the following is hygiene factor in Herzberg's 2-factor theory? a) greater autonomy in decision making b) having a job high on skill variety c) pay d) performing a task that is significant e) feeling of achievement
c
9) When middle LPC leaders encounter very favorable situation (i.e., good leader-member relations, high task structure, and strong position power), they will engage in a) Task-oriented leadership b) Relationship-oriented leadership c) A blend of task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership d) Democratic leadership e) Laissez-faire leadership
c
According to the textbook, leaders who inspire followers to transcend their own self-interest for the good of the organization and are capable of having a profound and extraordinary effect on followers are ______________ leaders. a. Visionary b. transactional c. transformational d. Democratic
c
One of your employees is in the habit of taking excessively long lunch breaks. The more you talk with him about the problem, the worse his behavior becomes. Even written reprimands and disciplinary layoffs fail to produce improvement. Based on this information only, what kind of reinforcement are you apparent using? a) Exteinction b) Avoidance c) Punishment d) Positive reinforcement e) Distortion
c
Which of the following is NOT true concerning equity theory? a. Individuals more readily notice unfavorable inequity than favorable inequity. b. When individuals are treated unfairly they can restore equity through their behavior through their perceptions. c. Favorable inequity creates more problems for management than does unfavorable inequity d. We determine if we're being treated fairly or not by our employers by comparing ourselves to others in similar positions e. Perceived equity is more important that actual equity.
c
17) Which of the following combinations of leadership behaviors would suggest that the leader had been "substituted for" the most? a) High-initiating structure and high consideration b) Low initiating structure and high consideration c) High initiating structure and low consideration d) Low initiating structure and low consideration
d
18) Which of the following is not true concerning self-actualization? a) Self-actualization is the need to maximize your potential as a human being b) Self-actualization is the highest level of personal motivation according to Maslow c) Many people reach self actualization momentarily d) Self-actualization can be fully satisfied e) Momentary self-actualization is called a peak experience
d
28) You and your co-worker work as waiters at a local restaurant. You worked thirty hours last week and were paid $150 where your co-worker worked 20 hours and was also paid $150. This situation represents ___________. a) Equity and inequity b) Inequity and inequity c) Equity and equity d) Inequity and equality e) None of the above
d
29) Which of the following factors determines the feasible set in Vroom & Yetton's normative theory of leadership? a) Quality of decisions b) Time to make the decision c) Subordinate acceptance of the decisions d) All of the above e) Only decision quality and subordinate acceptance
d
40) Which of the following factors would increase a group's cohesiveness? a) History of winning b) External threat to the group ← this one if not all the above c) Severe initiation d) All of the above e) Only A and B
d
46) Which of the following is true concerning reciprocal theory of leadership? a) In-group members are lead whereas out-group members are supervised b) When both groups are lead the performance differences between the in-group and out-group disappear c) Performance of the subordinates at times may have no impact on determining in-group or out-group membership d) All of the above are true e) Only A and B are true
d
47) When a manager falls into the rewarding on assumed needs trap, the manager reward could be considered by the employee as? a) Punishment b) Extinction c) Positive reinforcement d) All of the above e) Only A and B
d
48) Modeling behavior with the intention that others will observe the successful outcomes of the behavior is a primary component of which of the following motivation theories? a) reinforcement theory b) social learning theory c) equity theory d) goal-setting theory e) expectancy theory
d
49) When a manager treats a worker as replaceable, lacking intelligence and skills, the worker is likely to end up behaving that way, the mangaer is experiencing _____. a) selective perception b) the expectancy to performance outcome c) the frame of reference effect. d) The pygamalion effect e) The fundamental attribution error
d
7) All of the following are true concerning the autocratic tell and sell method of goal-setting except a) It's a better choice than participation in goal setting by subordinates in low trust environments, in terms of improving performance b) It is similar to the leadership combination of high initiaing structure and high consideration c) The manager sets the goals for the employee without any employee input d) It is, in general, inferior to participation in goal-setting by the subordinate in terms of improving performance e) It increases productivity by increasing acceptance of the goals by the employee
d
76) Which of the following could be considered a substitute for a relationship-oriented leadership behavior? a) a work group that is highly cohesive b) an employee who is job satisfied and a self-starter c) technology d) all of the above e) only a and b
d
8) Given the following situation and its accompanying feasible set which leadership style would you select if you were to use the minimum-man hours rule? Situation 4: AII, CI, CII, & G a) G b) CI c) CII d) AII Situation 1=AI
d
80) The more a jelly-bean motivator uses reward power the lower his/her _____ goes. a) expert power b) referent power c) legitmate power d) coercive power
d
87) Which of the following is a motivator factor in Herzberg's 2-factor theory? a) performing a task that is significant b) feelings of accomplishment c) greater autonomy in making decisions d) all of the above
d
13) Which of the following bases of power would a manager typically use in "supervising" his/her employees? a) Coercive power b) Legitimate power c) Expert power d) All of the above e) Only legitimate and coercive power
e
23) Which of the following is false with respect to punishment? a) It tells employees what they need to do in order to do the job right b) It can lead to lowered self-confidence in the punishee c) It can lead to one bad behavior replacing another bad behavior d) It can lead to aggression against the punisher e) It replaces bad behavior with good behavior
e
5) Which of the following is not true concerning equity theory? a) People desire fairness in the distribution of rewards at work b) When we're treated unfairly, it creates tension that we are motivated to reduce or eliminate c) We determine if we're being treated fairly or not by our employers by comparing ourselves to others in similar positions d) Individuals more readily notice unfavorable inequity then favorable inequity e) If you give individuals the rewards they deserve based on their performance, then these individuals will certainly perceive fairness
e
64) Which of the following is an example of Consideration leadership behavior? a) listening to subordinates b) showing respect for the subordinates' ideas c) providing emotional support and encourgamnet to subordinates d) showing concern for subordinates' feelings e) all of the above
e
85) When there is a mismatch between leader style and the favorableness of the situation which leaders find themselves, what does Fiedler suggest should be done? a) change the type of rewards given to employees b) change the leader's style c) change the type of goals set for employee d) change either the leader's style or the situation e) change the situation
e
88) Which of the following factors should determine in-group or out-group membership in reciprocal theory of leadership? a) likeability b) performance c) manager biases d) intelligence e) all of the above
e
39) Which of the following is not a valid criticism of Herzberg's 2-factor theory? a) Everyone isn't motivated by the job enrichment b) The same on which it's bases is not representative of the entire work force c) Hygiene factors can motivate people d) The interview data suffered from self-serving bias e) What causes individuals to be satisfied is different from what causes them to be dissatisfied f) Its assumption that everyone has an instrumental motivation is incorrect.
e, f
74) Jelly-bean motivators create an atmosphere/culture that encourages the development of this type of individual
equity sensitive
72) You and your co-worker work as waiters at a local restaurant. You worked forty hours last week and were paid $300 whereas your co-worker worked 20 hours and was paid $150. This situation represents ________.
equity; inequality
83) In a(n) _____ reinforcement schedule, a positive consequence is delivered, for example, after every 5th occurrence of behavior
fixed ratio
63) Which of the following is not a method of communicating a group norm?
formal organizational policy
62) Vic Ferrari enjoys many good friendships... What concept from ERG theory would explain Vic's renewed interest in friendships with his co-workers?
frustration regression cycle
84) this theory believes that individuals who hold specialized jobs cannot be motivated
herzberg's 2-factor theory
53) A manager who holds a theory Y view likely to exhibit which type of leadership?
high consideration and low initiating structure
78) Under the leave-alone zap manager, one can expect high performance to______.
increase then decrease
67) As the size of the work group increases,
individual members participate less
89) All of the following are true concerning the participation in goal-setting by the employee except
it works well for employees who have an instrumental motivation toward work
52) Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership believes that leaders:
leaders should be trained to change the situation to fit their leadership style
92) Which of the following would NOT be considered a substitute for a leadership?
low cohesive work group
56) If a manager describes their least preferred co-worker mainly in positive terms, they obtain a ______ LPC score, which indicates a ______ leader.
low; task oriented
69) Which of the following applies to a Theory X individual?
must be manipulated or threatened to work hard
81) Which consequence does the leave-alone zap manager use most frequently in managing performance, assuming that most of the time things are going well in the work group?
no consequence
jane is an employee at a fast food restaurant where her only job is to take food orders... According to Herzberg's 2-factor theory, Jane will experience
no job satisfaction job dissatisfaction
61) In the end, the behavioral theory of leadership (the Ohio States Studies) thought which combination of leadership behaviors was best
none of the above; the best combination of leadership behaviors depend on the situation (or all of the above)
60) During this stage of group development, the group has high cohesiveness and develops unwritten rules to prevent future conflict. This stage is referred to as:
norming
54) Which of the following bases of power would a manager typically use in "leading" his/her employees?
only expert and referent power
55) Suppose that you comply with your boss' request because you admire the boss' personal qualities and desire her approval. What power base would your boss be relying on?
referent power
82) Transactional leaders _____.
reward followers for good behavior and punish followers for bad behavior
93) The fact that groups allow us to verify our perception of our jobs, an organization's reward system, a supervisor's behavior, etc., reflects the fact that groups
satisfy our reality needs
70) In ERG theory, relatedness needs are similar to Maslow's ______.
social and esteem needs
68) This leadership theory states that leaders receive credit and blame when they don't deserve it because sometimes the situation is beyond their control?
substitutes for leadership
59) Which of the following is not true concerning Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership?
there are only effective and ineffective leaders not effective or ineffective situations
75) People with Machiavellian personalities believe that any type of behavior is acceptable if it helps them achieve their goals. Add this "skill" with the ability to create strong bonds with followers and according to the textbook, you have described a leader who is a(n)
unethical charismatic leader
