MGT 3370 Chapter 7 Study Guide

Which of the following statements about resistance to change is true? a. It is caused by misunderstanding and distrust. b. It increases when employees are educated about the need for change. c. It is minimal in conditions of certainty. d. It increases when those affected by the change participate in its planning and implementation. e. It increases when change efforts receive significant managerial support.

a. It is caused by misunderstanding and distrust.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the inaction stage of organizational decline? a. Managers wrongly assume that they can easily correct the problems, so they don't feel the situation is urgent. b. Management announce belt-tightening plans designed to cut costs, increase efficiency, and restore profits. c. Cutbacks and layoffs will have reduced the level of talent among employees. d. The company is dissolved through bankruptcy proceedings or by selling assets in order to pay suppliers, banks, and creditors. e. Key managers fail to recognize the internal or external changes that will harm their organizations.

a. Managers wrongly assume that they can easily correct the problems, so they don't feel the situation is urgent.

Over the long run, the best way for a company to sustain competitive advantage is to create _____ year after year. a. innovation streams b. slack resources c. innovation maps d. cognitive dissonances e. entropies

a. innovation streams

A technology can become a dominant design if: a. it solves a practical problem. b. it is extensively used by a small number of people. c. it resembles an old technology. d. it is the most expensive technology in the market. e. it is not considered as a market standard.

a. it solves a practical problem.

The three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin are ____. a. unfreezing, change intervention, and refreezing b. synthesizing, motivating, and rewarding c. organizational change, departmental change, and individual change d. change definition, change motivation, and change e. change control, change mobilization, and change acceptance

a. unfreezing, change intervention, and refreezing

Which of the following is NOT a part of the experiential approach to innovation? a. Multifunctional teams b. Design lockout c. Testing d. Hands-on experience to reduce uncertainty e. Design iterations

b. Design lockout

_____ is defined as the knowledge, tools, and techniques used to transform inputs into outputs. a. Deskilling b. Technology c. Creativity d. Synergy e. Entropy

b. Technology

In _____, the old technology and several different new technologies fight to establish a new technological standard or dominant design. a. incremental change b. design competition c. modular management d. technological lockout e. design substitution

b. design competition

When the first cell phone was released, only a few people could afford to buy it. Over the years, mobile manufacturers improved the phone designs and features and also reduced their cost to make them more affordable. This signaled the shift to the _____ stage of the technology cycle. a. dominant design b. incremental change c. technological discontinuity d. discontinuous change e. technological continuity

b. incremental change

Organizational _____ is the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations. a. change b. innovation c. development d. creativity e. deployment

b. innovation

The phases of a technology cycle within an innovation stream begins with: a. incremental change. b. technological discontinuity. c. discontinuous change. d. design iteration. e. dominant design.

b. technological discontinuity.

_____ are defined as workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged. a. Bureaucratic work teams b. Homogeneous work environments c. Creative work environments d. Hierarchical work stations e. Centralized work environments

c. Creative work environments

____ is the phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological substitution and design competition. a. Change substitution b. Technological lockout c. Discontinuous change d. The technological growth stage e. Technological adaptation

c. Discontinuous change

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of creative work environments? a. Supervisory encouragement b. Freedom c. Organizational impediments d. Challenging work e. Organizational encouragement

c. Organizational impediments

Nearly all technology cycles follow the typical _____ pattern of innovation. a. W-curve b. bell-shaped c. S-curve d. contingency e. lockout

c. S-curve

According to social psychologist Kurt Lewin, _____ lead to differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time. a. freezing forces b. inertia forces c. change forces d. generational changes e. resistance forces

c. change forces

When companies don't anticipate, recognize, neutralize, or adapt to the internal or external pressures that threaten their survival, it results in _____. a. resistance to change b. discontinuous change c. organizational decline d. generational change e. design competition

c. organizational decline

Which of the following is a characteristic of discontinuous change? a. Innovative reciprocity b. Entropy c. Incremental change d. Design competition e. Synergy

d. Design competition

_____ occurs when customers purchase new technologies to replace older technologies. a. Entropy b. Incremental environmental change c. Organizational synergy d. Technological substitution e. Transition management

d. Technological substitution

It is appropriate to use a(n) _____ approach to manage innovation in more certain environments, in which the goals are lower costs and incremental improvements in the performance and function of an existing technological design. a. prototypical b. milestones c. experiential d. compression e. reinforcement

d. compression

The _____ approach to innovation assumes that innovation is occurring within a highly uncertain environment. a. technological substitution b. technological disruption c. generational change d. experiential e. compression

d. experiential

The first step in the compression approach to innovation is _____. a. overlapping of the individual steps b. supplier involvement c. granting autonomy d. planning e. creating multifunctional teams

d. planning

The _____ approach to managing innovation assumes that innovation is a predictable process made up of a series of steps and that reducing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation. a. dialectical b. milestones c. prototypical d. generational e. compression

e. compression

A technology _____ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies as it is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology. a. continuum b. hierarchy c. lockout d. process e. cycle

e. cycle

Organizational development _____. a. takes a short-range approach to change b. emphasizes resistance forces c. assumes that top management support is only optional for change d. creates change by coercing workers and managers to change ideas, beliefs, and behaviors e. emphasizes employee participation in diagnosing, solving, and evaluating problems

e. emphasizes employee participation in diagnosing, solving, and evaluating problems