MGT 340 Final

27) According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, a person's needs for self-respect, autonomy, achievement, status, recognition, and attention constitute his ________ needs. A) safety B) physical C) social D) esteem

D

28) According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, a person's needs for growth, achieving one's potential, and self-fulfillment, and the drive to become what one is capable of becoming constitute his or her ________ needs. A) physiological B) safety C) social D) self-actualization

D

36) Irene, CEO of a small company, strongly believes in Douglas McGregor's assumptions about human nature. Which of the following management practices is Irene most likely to favor to maximize employee motivation? A) a top-down decision-making structure B) a stringent system of monitoring and controlling employees C) making jobs narrower in scope and shallow in depth D) participatory management

D

37) The two-factor theory—also known as the motivation-hygiene theory—was proposed by ________. A) David McClelland B) Abraham Maslow C) Douglas McGregor D) Frederick Herzberg

D

46) According to the three-needs theory, the need for ________ is the drive to succeed and excel in relation to a set of standards. A) control B) affiliation C) power D) achievement

D

16) According to the job characteristics model, combining fragmented tasks will help increase skill variety and task identity.

TRUE

17) Recent research shows that distributive justice has a greater influence on employee satisfaction than procedural justice.

TRUE

18) Research indicates that the desire for interesting work is important to almost all workers, regardless of national culture.

TRUE

19) When considering how to motivate employees, it must be kept in mind that professionals tend to be focused on their work as their central life interest, whereas nonprofessionals typically have other interests outside of work that can compensate for needs not met on the job.

TRUE

20) Research indicates that, for the most part, pay-for-performance programs show positive results.

TRUE

24) According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, when an employer provides his employees health insurance, he is taking care of their ________ needs. A) safety B) social C) self-actualization D) esteem

A

31) Which of the following needs is a lower-order need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory? A) physiological B) esteem C) social D) self-actualization

A

34) McGregor's Theory X assumes that employees ________. A) need to be closely controlled to work effectively B) enjoy work C) seek out and accept responsibility D) exercise self-direction

A

23) In Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, ________ needs form the lowest or foundational step in the hierarchy. A) social B) physiological C) esteem D) safety

B

29) Which of the following needs is the highest in Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory? A) safety needs B) self-actualization needs C) esteem needs D) social needs

B

32) According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, ________ needs are predominantly satisfied externally while ________ needs are satisfied internally. A) social; physiological B) safety; self-actualization C) self-actualization; physiological D) social; safety

B

33) Theory X and Theory Y—two assumptions about human nature—were proposed by ________. A) Frederick Herzberg B) Douglas McGregor C) Abraham Maslow D) David McClelland

B

41) Herzberg called the factors that create job dissatisfaction ________ factors; when these factors are adequate, people won't be dissatisfied, but they won't be satisfied either. A) intrinsic B) hygiene C) motivating D) neutral

B

44) The three-needs theory of motivation states that there are three ________ needs that are major motives in work. A) physical B) acquired C) safety D) innate

B

45) Which of the following are the three needs identified in the three-needs theory of motivation? A) need for affiliation, need for security, need for power B) need for achievement, need for power, need for affiliation C) need for power, need for achievement, need for safety D) need for power, need for safety, need for affiliation

B

21) The ________ element in the definition of motivation is a measure of intensity, drive, and vigor. A) persistence B) conformance C) energy D) direction

C

22) The hierarchy of needs theory of motivation was proposed by ________, a psychologist who proposed that within every person is a hierarchy of five needs. A) Douglas McGregor B) Frederick Herzberg C) Abraham Maslow D) David McClelland

C

25) In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, when a company has a space where employees can meet during breaks and catch up with each other, the company is taking care of the employees' ________ needs. A) safety B) self-actualization C) social D) physiological

C

26) In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, when a company names an "Employee of the Month" and "Employee of the Quarter," the company is addressing employees' ________ needs. A) safety B) self-actualization C) esteem D) physiological

C

30) Which of the following needs is a lower-order need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory? A) social B) esteem C) safety D) self-actualization

C

35) McGregor's Theory Y assumes that employees ________. A) have little ambition B) want to avoid responsibility C) enjoy work D) need to be closely controlled to work effectively

C

38) Frederick Herzberg's two-factor theory proposes that ________. A) intrinsic factors cause job dissatisfaction B) extrinsic factors have the maximum effect on job satisfaction C) extrinsic factors are associated with job dissatisfaction D) intrinsic factors have little effect on job satisfaction

C

39) According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, which of the following is a hygiene factor? A) recognition B) advancement C) working conditions D) responsibility

C

40) According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, which of the following is a motivator? A) working conditions B) salary C) responsibility D) security

C

42) Which of the following is true about Herzberg's two-factor theory? A) Herzberg believed that the factors that led to job satisfaction were the same as those that led to job dissatisfaction. B) To motivate people, Herzberg suggested emphasizing the hygiene factors of a job. C) Herzberg's theory has influenced how we currently design jobs. D) According to Herzberg, removing dissatisfying characteristics from a job will invariably make that job more satisfying and motivating.

C

43) ________ and his associates proposed the three-needs theory. A) Frederick Herzberg B) Abraham Maslow C) David McClelland D) Douglas McGregor

C

12) Making jobs smaller and more specialized is the most effective way of motivating employees.

False

15) In the job characteristics model, task significance refers to the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work.

False

2) According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, lower-order needs are predominantly satisfied internally while higher-order needs are satisfied externally.

False

4) Joseph, a line manager at a plant, believes that his workers have little drive and will not work unless pushed by him. Therefore, he closely monitors and controls their work and pulls up those who do not meet his standards. Joseph is a Theory Y manager.

False

5) Research clearly indicates that the Theory Y manager is more effective in motivating employees than the Theory X manager.

False

7) People with a high need for achievement strive for the trappings and rewards of success rather than for personal achievement.

False

8) According to the goal-setting theory, a generalized goal of "do your best" will produce a higher output than specific, challenging goals.

False

9) Due to its emphasis on objectivity and specificity, the goal-setting theory holds across cultures.

False

1) The definition of motivation has three key elements: energy, direction, and persistence.

True

10) Managers using reinforcement theory to motivate employees should ignore, not punish, undesirable behavior.

True

11) The term job design refers to the way tasks are combined to form complete jobs.

True

13) Job enlargement refers to the horizontal expansion of a job by increasing job scope.

True

14) An enriched job allows workers to do an entire activity with increased freedom, independence, and responsibility.

True

3) According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, once a need is substantially satisfied, an individual is no longer motivated to satisfy that need.

True

6) Frederick Herzberg found that when employees were dissatisfied, they tended to cite extrinsic factors arising from the job context such as company policy and administration, supervision, interpersonal relationships, and working conditions.

True