MGT Chapter 10 SmartBook

What is the first step in organizational development? Diagnosis Intervention Feedback Evaluation

Diagnosis

True or false: Management support has little effect on the success of organizational development.

False

How do organizational consultants carry out a diagnosis? By interviewing the competition By attending meetings and performing direct observation By using surveys and questionnaires By consulting company records

1.) By attending meetings and performing direct observation 2.) By using surveys and questionnaires 3.) By consulting company records

What are supertrends that are currently affecting the future of business? The overall speed of product releases is decreasing. Simple, one-size-fits-all solutions are becoming more popular. Competitive advantage is coming increasingly from knowledge, not information. The way we work is being impacted by offshore suppliers.

1.) Competitive advantage is coming increasingly from knowledge, not information. 2.) The way we work is being impacted by offshore suppliers.

What are two factors that contribute to resistance to change? Market characteristics Competitor characteristics Employee characteristics Change agent characteristics

1.) Employee characteristics 2.) Change agent characteristics

What are common reasons that employees resist change? Fear of the unknown Peer pressure Familiarity with innovation Loss of status or job security

1.) Fear of the unknown 2.) Peer pressure 3.) Loss of status or job security

What are likely to cause resistance to change? Fears about job security Preservation of cultural traditions Reinforcing rewards systems The potential for loss of status

1.) Fears about job security 2.) The potential for loss of status

What are the three parts of a systems model of change? Regulation Target elements of change Inputs Directives Outputs

1.) Input 2.) Target elements of change 3.) Outputs

Which of the following are among the seven methods of fostering innovation? Create a climate of employee complacency Institute the necessary human resource policies, practices, and procedures Establish the required structure and processes Establish a firm hierarchy, with mechanisms of control at all levels Get commitment from top managers Create an innovation strategy

1.) Institute the necessary human resource policies, practices, and procedures 2.) Establish the required structure and processes 3.) Get commitment from top managers 4.) Create an innovation strategy

Which of the following are among the seven methods of fostering innovation? Establish a firm hierarchy, with mechanisms of control at all levels Institute the necessary human resource policies, practices, and procedures Get commitment from top managers Create an innovation strategy Create a climate of employee complacency Establish the required structure and processes

1.) Institute the necessary human resource policies, practices, and procedures 2.) Get commitment from top managers 3.) Create an innovation strategy 4.) Establish the required structure and processes

What is achieved by integration of innovation activities into business strategies? Management is encouraged to dedicate resources to innovation. Human capital resources are drastically increased. Employees feel committed to innovation in the organization. Innovation by the competition becomes irrelevant.

1.) Management is encouraged to dedicate resources to innovation. 2.) Employees feel committed to innovation in the organization.

Which statements about rewards and innovation goals are true? There is no meaningful relationship between rewards and innovation goals. Organization reward systems are rarely at odds with innovation culture. Reward systems should be aligned with innovation goals. Extrinsic reward receipt needs to be tied to creativity and innovation.

1.) Reward systems should be aligned with innovation goals. 2.) Extrinsic reward receipt needs to be tied to creativity and innovation.

What are the four target elements of change? Financial factors Social factors People Outputs Organizational arrangements Methods

1.) Social factors 2.) People 3.) Organizational arrangements 4.) Methods

What are the stages of the Lewin model for change? Changing Refreezing Unfreezing Shattering

1.) Unfreezing 2.) Changing 3.) Refreezing

To promote innovation, organizational structure and internal process should foster ______. interest in the market agility cross-functional communication collaboration

1.) agility 2.) cross-functional communication 3.) collaboration

Which type of change implementation makes employees feel the least threatened? Innovative change Adaptive change Radically innovative change Administrative change

Adaptive change

Which type of change implementation makes employees feel the least threatened? Radically innovative change Adaptive change Administrative change Innovative change

Adaptive change

Which statement about the need for faster speed-to-market is true? Pop-up stores are an ineffective way to increase speed-to-market. Faster speed-to-market is only possible for small companies. Competitors may be in and out of the market within days. Achieving faster speed-to-market requires skipping consumer trials.

Competitors may be in and out of the market within days.

Factors such as the increasing number of women in the workforce and the growing number of older workers exemplify which force for change outside the organization? Supplier practices Demographic characteristics Market changes Customer demands

Demographic characteristics

What is a common cause of employee resistance to change? Disruption of group relationships Reinforcing reward systems Good timing A climate of trust

Disruption of group relationships

Which of the following is a demographic characteristic that is a force for change outside the organization? Job satisfaction Petroleum prices Education Productivity

Education

Ted's company has recently reorganized. He has been reassigned into a new role for which he feels unprepared, and he is not sure that he can handle his new responsibilities. Which of the following best describes the reason why Ted is resisting the change? Peer pressure Fear of failure Climate of mistrust Personality conflict

Fear of failure

Carol is in charge of a meeting to decide what the company should do about the new sales people who don't know how to follow-up with former clients. Which stage of the organizational development process is Carol participating in? Intervention Diagnosis Feedback Evaluation

Intervention

Which is a purpose of organization development? Designing products Providing training Managing conflict Investigating the competition

Managing conflict

What type of structure is best suited to innovation? Nonexistent External Organic Mechanistic

Organic

What is a common cause of employee resistance to change? Reinforcing reward systems A climate of trust Personality agreement Peer pressure

Peer pressure

Which of the following is an adaptive change in an organization? Introduction of a technique that is new to the organization's industry Reintroduction of a practice familiar to the organization Introduction of a method that is new to the organization Introduction of an innovative change by an organization's top management

Reintroduction of a practice familiar to the organization

Which of the following is an adaptive change in an organization? Reintroduction of a practice familiar to the organization Introduction of a technique that is new to the organization's industry Introduction of a method that is new to the organization Introduction of an innovative change by an organization's top management

Reintroduction of a practice familiar to the organization

Which of the following BEST describes "demassification"? Segmenting customer groups into smaller, more specialized groups Offering mainstream products to a broad marketplace Eliminating bottlenecks in distribution Offshoring jobs to countries with cheaper labor and production costs

Segmenting customer groups into smaller, more specialized groups

Which statement about organizational development is true? Single interventions are generally more effective than multiple interventions. Successful organization development usually involves multiple interventions. Training is the most successful type of organizational development intervention. It best to master one intervention and use it in all situations.

Successful organization development usually involves multiple interventions.

True or false: Multiple organizational development interventions have been found to work better than single interventions.

True

What are companies doing to respond effectively to increasing segmentation of the marketplace? Promoting the same product to all potential customers Using more narrowly targeted marketing messages Engaging in conversations with individual consumers Following a traditional sales model

Using more narrowly targeted marketing messages

When is organizational development most likely to succeed? When it utilizes a single intervention When it involves change for the sake of change When it focuses solely on short-term results When it is supported by top managers

When it is supported by top managers

Tonya sees her company eliminating jobs in order to reduce costs, but the CEO was recently given a bonus of several million dollars. The likely cause of her resistance to the current organizational change is ______. fear of failure peer pressure fear of the unknown a climate of mistrust

a climate of mistrust

Laila loves her immediate supervisor, her co-workers, and her job, but she does not like her supervisor's boss, Hamid. When he decides to institute some new policies that impact Laila, she is automatically resistant. This is most likely due to ______. a personality conflict poor timing of the changes a nonreinforcing reward system peer pressure

a personality conflict

An innovative culture is a place where failures are ______ the organization's culture. the ultimate goal of an accepted part of forbidden from existing in ignored by

an accepted part of

Managers can reduce mistrust and resistance to change by ______. breaking up group relationships using a nonreinforcing reward system being open and honest about changes surprising employees with changes

being open and honest about changes

Tom's company is very successful, even though they expect most new ideas to fail. This is likely due to an organizational culture that ______. celebrates failure as vital toward fostering innovation encourages using techniques that were successful in the past views experimentation as a boondoggle makes an example of employees that fail

celebrates failure as vital toward fostering innovation

Organizational development can be used to manage ______ within an organization. diversity conflict promotions profits

conflict

One assumption of a systems approach to change is that change ______. creates a ripple effect through an organization relies on having a culture where failure is not an option should be avoided at any cost can be mitigated through clear management hierarchies

creates a ripple effect through an organization

Organizational _____ is a set of techniques for implementing planned change to make people and organizations more effective. value mission development production

development

The common term used to describe the techniques for implementing planned change to make people and companies more effective is called organizational ______. development diagnosis placement intervention

development

Managers use the four levers of targeting elements of change to ______. create new products diagnose problems release products to consumers learn more about the competition

diagnose problems

Inessa has worked as part of a four-person development team for several years. Recently, however, one of her coworkers transferred to a different office and a replacement was hired. Inessa and her other long-term teammates are having a hard time accepting the new employee. This is most likely due to ______. a nonreinforcing reward system fear of failure disruption of the group relationship loss of job security

disruption of the group relationship

Sometimes changes on the job are intimidating and lead to self-doubt. In this case, employees are most likely to resist change due to _______. personality conflicts poor timing fear of failure peer pressure

fear of failure

Miriam's mother was in the army, so as a child, Miriam moved a lot. It was rare for her to spend more than a year in any location, which meant she was always the new girl in school and had a hard time making friends. She was often lonely and unhappy as a result. Recently, Miriam's company decided to move into a new building and reorganize the different departments. Miriam is likely to be resistant to this change because ______. the company is promoting a climate of mistrust she has a great fear of the unknown and surprises the move will result in disruption of group relationships her childhood predisposed her to dislike change

her childhood predisposed her to dislike change

People's reaction to change depends largely on ______. how long they have been working for the organization how they were taught to handle change as children how much they enjoy their jobs whether or not they are highly educated

how they were taught to handle change as children

The process of creating something new that can be applied profitably is referred to as ______. invention creativity constancy innovation

innovation

A plan for being innovative that requires a company to integrate its innovation activities and business strategies is a(n) ______. human capital plan innovation strategy required structure process resource analysis

innovation strategy

A set of interdependent processes and structures that dictate how a company seeks out problems and solutions, synthesizes ideas into a business concept and product design, and chooses projects for funding is a(n) ______. innovation competition organizational system knowledge process innovation system

innovation system

Andre's company is restructuring, and he is unhappy about it. As a result of the restructuring, Andre will be managing four employees instead of nine. He is most likely resistant to the change because it ______. creates peer pressure lacks a reinforcing reward system is resulting in a loss of status is being done in a climate of mistrust

is resulting in a loss of status

Innovations must be ______. incremental novel disruptive physical

novel

Min's company is implementing a new product approval system that is far more complex and restrictive than the old system. This will not affect Min directly because she is in the marketing department, but it will affect her friend Tyler, who is in the Research and Design department. As a result, Min speaks out against the new system. This is an example of resistance to change due to ______. fear of failure peer pressure poor timing personality conflicts

peer pressure

Changing the appearance or the performance of a product or a service, or the creation of a new one, is called ______ innovation. behavioral product customer market

product

When a change is made to a product or service that changes its appearance or performance, this is known as a(n) ______ innovation. radical incremental process product

product

Carson always feels like he is "putting out fires" at work and does not get an opportunity to figure out where problems might arise before they occur. Carson is dealing with ______ change. anticipatory proactive reactive preemptive

reactive

For organizational development efforts to succeed, human resource policies, procedures, and packages should ______ the other six parts of the innovation system. remove replace contradict reinforce

reinforce

An emotional/behavioral response to real or imagined threats to an established work routine is known as ______. innovative change resistance to change creativity adaptive change

resistance to change

Reactive change is change that ______. creates opposition and controversy results from a consensus anticipates problems or opportunities responds to problems or opportunities as they arise

responds to problems or opportunities as they arise

Although commitment from all members of an organization is important, if ______ in particular are not committed to achievement of the organization's innovation goals, the goals are unlikely to be achieved. mid-level managers consultants senior leaders employees

senior leaders

As more and more companies become proficient at bringing products and services to market, ______ is emerging as a necessary and powerful competitive weapon. speed money raw materials human resources

speed

Increasing segmentation of the marketplace and the need to get products to market faster in light of competitors' specialized solutions are examples of ______ currently influencing the future of business. discontinuous trends supertrends microtrends niche trends

supertrends

Manufacturing automation and office automation are examples of ______ that are forces for change outside the organization. demographic characteristics social and political pressures technological advancements supplier practices

technological advancements

Any machine or process that enables an organization to gain a competitive advantage in changing materials used to produce a finished product qualifies as ______. intelligence technology production automation

technology

Any machine or process that enables an organization to gain a competitive advantage in changing materials used to produce a finished product qualifies as ______. production technology intelligence automation

technology

Achievement of strategic goals through organization development is likely to fail if ______. the organization does not understand the competition top managers are not committed leaders employ an innovation strategy it involves new-direction innovation

top managers are not committed