MGT Concepts test 3
what are 3 types of selection tools in the selection process?
1. background information (application forms, resumes, and reference checks) 2. interviewing (unstructured, situational, and behavioral-description. has three forms: unstructured interviews and two types of structured interviews) 3. employment tests (ability, personality, performance, integrity, and others)
what is the order of the steps in the performance management process?
1. define performance 2. monitor and evaluate performance 3. review performance 4. provide consequences
managers taking a contingency approach must consider what in designing the best kind of structure for their particular organization at that particular time:
1. environment-mechanistic vs. organic 2. environment- differentiation vs. integration 3. link between strategy, culture, and structure
what is process innovation?
a change in the way a product of service is conceived, manufactured, or disseminated.
what is a grievance?
a complaint by an employee that management has violated the terms of the labor management agreement. if its not successful, the two sides may decide to resolve difference by mediation or arbitration
what is unity of command?
a principle stressed by early management scholars, in which an employee should report to no more than one manager in order to avoid conflicting priorities and demands. (example: Liam is frustrated at work. he not only has to report to his supervisor, noreen, but he also has to report to her manager because noreen works at home 3 days each week. liam would prefer to report to just one person. he would like a company that stresses the unity of command)
what is a performance test?
aka skill tests, measure performance on actual jobs--so called job tryouts--as when computer programmers take a test on a particular programming language such as C++ or middle managers work on a small project
what is the span of control?
aka: span of management, refers to the number of people reporting directly to a given manager. there are two kinds: narrow (tall) and wide (flat).
what is a virtual organization?
an organization whose members are geographically apart, usually working with e-mail, collaborative competing, and other computer connections.
what is an integrity test?
assess attitudes and experiences related to a person's honesty, dependability, trustworthiness, reliability, and prosocial behavior.
a performance appraisal is likely to contain what two things of information?
assessing an employees performance and providing him or her with feedback
what are the steps of the training process? in order!
assessment objectives selection implementation evaluation
___________ refers to the rights inherent in a managerial position to make decisions, give orders, and utilize resources.
authority
another type of structured interview is the _____________, the interviewer explores what applicants have actually done in the past. this is designed to assess the applicants ability to influence others.
behavioral-description interview
an example of behavioral appraisal is ______________, which rates employee gradations in performance according to scales or specific behaviors.
behaviorally-anchored rating scale (BARS)
insurance, retirement plans, employee cafeterias, and education reimbursement are just a few examples of compensation in the form of _____________.
benefits
additional non monetary forms of compensation such as health insurance, vacation and retirement plans are what?
benefits (aka: fringe benefits)
what type of authority is when important decisions are made by higher level managers?
centralized authority example: john works at an organization where he supervises three people in the department. the important decisions are made by the company president.
often OD is put into practice by a person known as a _____________, a consultant with a background in behavioral sciences who can be a catalyst in helping organizations deal with old problems in new ways.
change agent
what is sexual harassment?
consist of unwanted sexual attention that creates an adverse work environment
the process of fitting the organization to its environment is called
contingency design
a ______________, in contrast to a transformational innovation, involves optimizing of products or services for existing customers
core innovations
because the cost of living is always going up, unions often try to negotiate a ____________________, which during the period of the contract ties future wage increases to increase in the cost of living. (an alternate is the wage reopened clause page 296).
cost of living adjustment (COLA) clause
what is an invention?
creating or making up something new
what type of authority is when important decisions are made by middle level and supervisory level managers? power is also delegated throughout the organization
decentralized authority
__________ is the process of assigning managerial authority and responsibility to managers and employees lower in the hierarchy.
delegation
organizational ________________ is concerned with structuring accountability and responsibility within an organization so that it can execute its strategies.
design
what is responsible for the enforcement of anti discrimination and other employment-related laws?
equal employment opportunity (EEO) commission
________________ means attracting job applicants from outside the organization. one type of the two types of recruiting, hiring from the outside.
external recruiting
to increase employee performance, a manager can use two kinds of appraisals:
formal and informal appraisals
what is a for profit organization?
formed to make money, or profits, by offering products or services
what is a non profit organization?
formed to offer services to some clients, not to make a profit (example: hospitals, colleges)
in a __________________ structure, people with similar occupational specialities are put together in formal groups.
functional
when a nonprofit educational institution groups people by work speciality such as faculty or administration, this is called a _________ structure.
functional
during tough economic times, when a company is fighting for its very survival, management and labor may negotiate ______________, in which the union agrees to give up previous wage or benefit gains in return for something else. usually the union seeks job security, as in a no-lay off policy
givebacks
what are the characteristics of a hierarchy culture?
has an internal focus and values stability and control over flexibility. companies with this kind of culture are apt to have a formalized, structured work environment aimed at achieving effectiveness though a variety of control mechanisms that measure efficiency, timeliness, and reliability in the creation and delivery of products.
an organizational _________ is someone whose accomplishments embody the values of the organization and whose accomplishments are put forth to motivate other employees to do the right thing.
hero
what are the types of structures categorized as organizational designs with open boundaries?
hollow (aka network structure, the organization has a central core of key functions and outsources other functions to vendors who can do them cheaper or faster), modular (a firm assembles product chunks, or modules, provided by outside contractors), and virtual structures (a company outside a company that is created "specifically to respond to an exceptional market opportunity that is often temporary).
what is an organic organization?
in this, authority is decentralized, there are fewer rules and procedures, and networks of employees are encouraged to cooperate and respond quickly to unexpected tasks. sometimes called "adhocracies" because they operate on an ad hoc basis, improvising as they go along.
inducements to attract and retain top performers or induce employees to be more productive is what?
incentives
organizations use ________ such as compensation, profit sharing, bonuses, and stock options to attract and retain top performers.
incentives
what are the two primary myths about innovations?
innovation can be systemized and innovation happens in a "Eureka" moment
_____________ is the introduction of a practice that is new to the organization
innovative change
__________ is the tendency of the parts of an organization to draw together to achieve a common purpose.
integration
what are two types of recruiting?
internal and external
_______________ means making people already employed by the organization aware of job openings. most vacant positions in organizations are filled through internal recruitment, mainly through job postings. means hiring people from the inside. (one of the two types of recruiting)
internal recruiting
_____________ have authority to make decisions and usually have people reporting to them. they are indicated on the organization chart by a solid line (usually vertical)
line managers
what are two key aspects of turning a problem into an opportunity?
looking for solutions and new business ideas as a response to a problem and finding better ways to conduct business as a response to a problem
what are the matters that can be addressed by organizational development (OD)?
managing conflict, revitalizing organizations, and adapting to mergers
demand for organic foods has increased dramatically as Americans become aware of the effects of pesticides and other harmful chemicals in food. this exemplifies which force for change outside the organization?
market changes
what kind of culture has a strong external focus and values stability and control?
market culture
an organizational structure that combines functional and divisional chains of command in a grid so that there are both horizontal and vertical command structures is known as a ___________ structure.
matrix
in a ____________ structure, an organization combines functional and divisional chains of command in a grid so that there are two command structures--vertical and horizontal.
matrix
____________________ are based on facts that are often numerical. there are two good reasons for having objective appraisals: the measure results and they are harder to challenge legally.
objective appraisals, also called results appraisals
what actions would qualify as sexual harassment?
obscene gestures, sexual propositions, unwanted dating pressure or touching
in Chester Barnard's classic definition, a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people is known as a _______________.
organization
a box-and-lines illustration is showing the formal lines of authority and the organizations work specializations is called a _________________.
organization chart
according to scholar, Edgar Schein, ______________ is defined as the set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments.
organizational culture (corporate)
___________ is concerned with designing the optimal structures of accountability and responsibility that an organization uses to execute its strategies.
organizational design
_______________ is a set of techniques for implementing planned change to make people and organizations more effective.
organizational development (OD)
_________ is a formal system of task and reporting relationships that coordinates and motivates and organization's members so that they can work together to achieve the organization's goals.
organizational structure
what are labor unions?
organizations of employees formed to protect and advance their members' interests by bargaining with management over job-realted issues.
helping the newcomer fit smoothly into the job and organization is known as?
orientation
the means for helping employees perform their jobs are:
orientation, training, and development
advantages and disadvantages of internal and external recruiting?
page 266 table 9.1
important US Federal Laws and Regulations protecting employees
page 288 table 9.3
what is divisional structure and what are the 3 different types?
people with diverse occupational specialities are put together in formal groups by similar products or services, customers, or clients, or geographic regions. 1. product divisions 2. customer division 3. geographic divisions
__________________ reflects the extent to which your personality and values match the climate and culture in an organization.
person-organization fit
if research shows that a particular test measures the same thing consistently, the test has high ______________.
reliability
what is bullying?
repeated mistreatment of one or more persons by one or more perpetrators; it is abusive physical, psychological, verbal, or nonverbal behavior that is threatening, humiliating, or intimidating
what are enacted values?
represent the values and norms actually exhibited in the organization.
_____________________ is an emotional/behavioral response to real or imagined threats to an established work routine.
resistance to change
___________ are the activities and ceremonies, planned and unplanned, that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in the organization's life.
rites and rituals
when the recruitment process turns up a handful or thousands of applicants, you next turn to the _________________. which is the screening of job applicants to hire the best candidate. essentially this become an exercise in prediction: how well will the candidate perform the job and how long will he or she stay?
selection process
grievance procedures are often handled initially by the unions ________________, an official elected by the union membership who works at the company and represents the interests of unionized employees on a daily basis to the employees' immediate supervisors.
shop steward
an organization with a _______________ structure has authority centralized in a single person, a flat hierarchy, and low work specialization.
simple
what are the four traditional designs for an organization?
simple, functional, divisional, and matrix structures
one type of structured interview is the ______________, the interviewer focuses on hypothetical situations. the idea is to find out if the applicant can handle difficult situations that may arise on the job.
situational interview
the economic or productive potential of strong, trusting, and cooperative relationships is referred to as __________
social capital
____________have authority functions; they provide advice, recommendations, and research to line managers. they are indicted on the organization chart by a dotted line (usually horizontal)
staff personnel
the formal system of task and reporting relationships that coordinates and motivates an organization's members is called the organizational __________.
structure
_____________ involves asking each applicant the same questions and comparing their responses to a standardized set or answers.
structured interview
in terms of organizational culture, a _______________ is an artifact, act, quality, or event that conveys meaning to others.
symbol
what is creativity?
the act of developing new and imaginative ideas into reality
what is the hierarchy of authority for organizations, described by Schien?
the chain of command, is a control mechanism for making sure the right people do the rights things at the right time.
what is the common purpose for organizations, described by Schien?
the means for unifying members. this unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organizations reason for being. ex: Toms gives a pair of shoes for every shoe purchased, the employees are there to sell shoes and to help those in need.
what is hostile environment?
the person being harassed does not risk economic harm, but experiences an offensive or intimidating workplace
what is quid pro quo?
the person being harassed is in jeopardy of not being hired for a job, obtaining benefits or opportunities unless he or she acquiesces.
what is arbitration?
the process in which a neutral third party, an arbitrator, listens to both parties in a dispute and makes a decision that the parties have agreed will be binding on them. often retired judges.
what characterizes a highly-integrated organization?
the specialists work together to achieve a common goal. the means for achieving this are a formal chain of command, standardization of rules and procedures, and the use of cross-functional teams and computer networks so that there is a frequent communication and coordination of the parts.
____________ organizational designed tend to favor structures that rely on a vertical management hierarchy, with clear departmental boundaries and reporting arrangements.
traditional
what are the 3 types of organizational designs?
traditional designs, horizontal designs, and designs boundaries between organizations.
__________ is movement of an employee to a different job with similar responsibility
transfer
what are two key aspects of execution?
using questioning analysis and discussing hows and whats
what kind of hierarchy of authority is the chain of command?
vertical
_____________ occurs when people are hired or promoted--or denied hiring or promotion--for reasons to relevant to the job. example: race, gender, religion.
workplace discrimination
the opposite of a bureaucracy, with its numerous barriers and divisions, a _________________ is a fluid, highly adaptive organization whose members, linked by information technology, come together to collaborate on common tasks. the collaborators may include not only coworkers but also suppliers, customers, and even competitors. this means that the form of business is ever-changing and business relationships are informal.
boundaryless organization
in the _____________ stage of Lewin's change model, employees are introduced to new information, new perspectives and new models of behavior.
changing stage
what are the 4 types of organizational cultures according to one common methodology known as the competing values framework?
clan, adhocracy, market, and hierarchy
the process of negotiation between labor unions and management to resolve disputes concerning benefits, compensation, working conditions, and job security is known as ________________________.
collective bargaining
what are methods of internal recruiting?
college job placement offices , newspapers, employment agencies, executive recruitment firms, union hiring halls and word of mouth. BUT today, most companies are using social media to recruit.
organizational psychologist Edgar Schien proposed four common elements for organizations, what are they?
common purpose, coordinated effort, division of labor, and hierarchy of authority.
what is an important aspect of the marketplace's becoming more segmented and moving toward more niche products?
companies are not restrained by shelf space because of the power of internet marketing.
what is an assessment center?
companies have this in which management candidates participate in activities for a few days while being assessed by evaluators.
________________ has three parts: wage salaries, incentives, and benefits. money is only one form.
compensation
lots of off the job training consists of ________________ in which computers are used to provide additional help or to reduce instructional time.
computer assisted instruction (CAI)
what are informal appraisals?
conducted on an unscheduled basis and consist of less rigorous indications of employee performance
_________________ is the optimizing of products or services for existing customers
core innovations
what is a flat organization?
defined as one with an organizational structure with few or no levels of middle management between top managers and those reporting to them.
____________ refers to educating professionals and managers in the skills they need to do their jobs in the future. ( upgrading skills of professionals and managers) example: accountants, nurses, lawyers, managers of all levels
development
organizational ___________ is a set of techniques for implementing planned change to make people and organizations more effective.
development
the first step in the organization development is ______________
diagnosis
__________ is the tendency of the parts of an organization to disperse and fragment.
differentiation
Clayton M. Christensen calls _____________ a process by which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then relentlessly moves up market, eventually displacing established competitors.
disruptive innovation
what are three types of dismissals?
downsizing: permanent dismissal, often related to a company wide reorganization layoff: temporary dismissal from an organization, likely due to economic conditions firing: permanent dismissal for cause
what contributes to resistance to change?
employee characteristics, change agent characteristics, and the change agent employee relationship
what are methods of external recruiting?
employee referrals, say human resource professionals, because they protect their own reputations. e-recruitment tools are also good such as "dot-job" websites; membership directories for associations and trade groups; social networking sites; and industry-specific blogs, forums, and newsgroups.
_______________ are legally considered to consist of any procedure used in the employment selection decision process, even application forms, interviews, and educational requirements. the most common types today are: ability test, performance tests, and personality test and integrity tests.
employment tests
what are two practices managers can utilize in order to implement "refreezing", the third stage in lewin's change model?
encourage employees to exhibit the new change and reinforce desired change in the employees
salaried executives, administrative, and professional employees are exempt from over time rules as outlined in the _______________.
fair labor standards act
the passage of the ______________ of 1938 established minimum living standards for workers engaged in interstate commerce, including provision of a federal minimum wage.
fair labor standards act
what are two concerns that a manager should consider when an employee is promoted?
fairness and nondiscrimination
_______________ all employees within a business unit are ranked against one another and grades are distributed along some sort of bell curve.
forced ranking performance review systems
_____________ are conducted at specific times throughout the year and are based on performance measures that have been established in advance.
formal appraisals
how can you settle labor management disputes? (3 ways)
grievance procedures and mediation or arbitration
what is geographic divisions?
group activities around defined regional locations
what is product divisions?
grouping by similar products or services
in a _______________ teams or workgroups, either temporary or permanent, are used to improve collaboration and work on shared tasks by breaking down internal boundaries.
horizontal designs (aka team-based design)
the economic or productive potential of employee knowledge, experiences, and actions is referred to as __________________ .
human capital
______________ management consists of the activities managers perform to plan for, attract, develop, and retain an effective workplace.
human resource (HR)
a device for organizing the likely sources for staffing information is a _________________, a report listing your organization's employees by name, education, training, languages, and other important information.
human resource inventory
job dissatisfaction, high absenteeism, and reduced productivity are examples of what for for change inside the organization?
human resources concerns
a clan culture has what kind of characteristics?
internal, focus, flexibility rather than stability and control
the second step in the organizational development (OD) process, ____________ is the attempt to correct the diagnosed problems.
intervention
a human resources ____________ is a listing of the organization's employees by name, education, training, languages, and other important information needed to identify qualified individuals for openings within the organization.
inventory
what is a mediation?
is the process in which a neutral third party, a mediator, listens to both sides in a dispute, makes suggestions, and encourages them to agree on a solution. may be lawyers, retired judges, or specialists in various fields.
the purpose of ______________ is to determine, by observation and analysis, the basic elements of a job. they interview job occupants about what they do, observe the flow of work, and learn how results are accomplished.
job analysis
once the fundamentals of a job are understand, then you can write a ________________, which summarizes what the holder of the job does and how and why he or she does it. next you can write a __________________, which describes the minimum qualifications a person must have to perform the job successfully. this process can help you avoid hiring people who are overqualified or under qualified for a particular job.
job description, job specification
main way of filling a vacant spot in internal recruitment, ________________, placing information about job vacancies and qualifications on bulletin boards, in newsletters, and on the organization's intranet.
job posting
"using the brains instead of their brawn" BEST describes ________________ workers.
knowledge
a _____________ is someone whose occupation is principally concerned with generating or interpreting information, as opposed to manual labor. they add value to the organization by using their brains rather than their muscle and sweat.
knowledge worker
what are four laws the government has to protect employees?
labor relations, compensation and benefits, health & safety, and equal employment opportunity page 288
dismissals have 3 kinds:
layoffs, downsizing, and firings. page 286
what is a narrow span of control?
means the manager has a limited number of people reporting, said to be tall when there are many levels with marrow spans of control. example: 3 vice presidents reporting to a president, instead of 9 VPs.
what is a wide span of control?
means the manager has several people reporting--a first line supervisor may have 40 or more subordinates, if little hands-on supervision is required, as is the case in some assembly-line workplaces. an organization is said to be flat when there are only a few levels with wide spans of control.
what is a personality test?
measure such personality traits as adjustment, energy, sociability, independence, and need for achievement.
what is an ability test?
measures physical abilities, strength and stamina, mechanical ability, mental abilities, and clerical abilities.
an organization where authority is centralized, tasks and rules are clearly specified, and employees are closely supervised is called _________________.
mechanistic
under what circumstances is organizational development (OD) most likely to be successful?
multiple interventions, management support, goals geared to both short and long term results, OD is affected by culture
what kinds of things can you find in artifacts?
myths, dress, awards, stories about the company, rituals and ceremonies, and decorations, as well as visible behavior exhibited by managers and employees.
Legislation passed in 1935 (the Wagner Act) resulted in the ________________, which enforces procedures whereby the employees may vote to have a union for collective bargaining.
national labor relations board
two kinds of performance appraisals:
objective and subjective
there are 3 levels of organizational culture what are they?
observable artifacts (expressed in physical manifestations of the organization's culture such as symbols, myths, rituals, and ceremonies-the most visible level), espoused values (the explicitly stated values and norms preferred by an organization), and basic assumptions (not observable, represent the core values of an organizations culture, taken for granted, core beliefs and philosophies that employees have about the organization).
Burns and Stalker's ideas were extended in the United States by Harvard University researchers Paul R. Lawrence and Jay W. Lorsch.91 Instead of a mechanistic-organic dimension, however, they proposed a differentiation-integration dimension—forces that impelled the parts of an organization to move apart or to come together. The stability of the environment confronting the parts of the organization, according to Lawrence and Lorsch, determines the degree of differentiation or integration that is appropriate.
page 254
___________ involves making carefully thought out changes in anticipation of possible or expected problems or opportunities
proactive change (aka planned change)
changing the appearance or the performance of a product or a service, or the creation of a new one, is called ___________________.
product innovation
what are the four types of innovation?
product or process and core or transformational
_________ moving an employee to a higher level position.
promotion
what are the two types of sexual harassment?
quid pro quo, and hostile environment
change involving a practice that is new to the industry is referred to as ________________________.
radically innovative change
making changes in response to problems or opportunities as they arise, rather than attempting to force them, is referred to as _________________.
reactive change
________________ gives a candidate a picture of both positive and negative features of the job and the organization before he or she is hired. this recruiting technique is very effective at reducing turnover within 30-90 days of employment. places like AT&T, Hilton, the Idaho State Police, and Assess Systems use this!
realistic job preview (RJP)
the process of locating and attracting qualified applicants either outside or inside an organization for jobs open in the organization is called- (the word qualified is important: you want to find people whose skills, abilities, and characteristics are best suited to your organization.
recruiting
an important legal consideration for any kind of test is the test's _________________. which is the degree to which a test measures the same thing consistently. so the individuals score remains about the same over time, assuming the characteristics being measured also remain the same.
reliability
with more authority comes more _______. the obligation you have to perform the tasks assigned to you.
responsibility
individual states are allowed (under the 1947 Taft-Hartley Act) to pass legislation outlawing union and agency shops. as a result, 22 states have passed _____________, statutes that prohibit employees from being required to join a union as a condition of employment.
right to work laws
as more and more companies become proficient at bringing products and services to market, _______________ is emerging as a powerful competitive weapon.
speed
a _______________ is a narrative based on true events, which is repeated to emphasize a particular value.
story
_______________ which are based on a manager's perceptions of an employee's traits or behaviors.
subjective appraisals
what are the four ways employees learn culture?
symbols, stories, heroes, and rites and rituals
___________ is any machine or process that enables an organization to gain a competitive advantage in changing materials used to produce a finished product.
technology
what is customer divisions?
tend to group activities around common customers or clients
predicting future employee needs means you have to become knowledgeable about what two things?
the staffing the organization might need and the likely sources for staffing
what is seeds of innovation?
the starting point for organizational innovation. (former microsoft employee Scott Berkun, author of The Myths of Innovation, came up with this-there are 6 of them)
______________ refers to educating technical and operational employees in how to better do their current jobs. ( upgrading skills of technical and operational employees) example: electronic technicians, computer work administrators, Xray techs
training
________________ is the invention of breakthrough products or services that don't exist yet and that are aimed at creating brand new markets and customers
transformational innovations (example is iTunes revolutionizing the way people purchase music and created a brand new market.)
the pressure of competition abroad and deregulation at home has forced many unions to negotiate _________________, in which new employees are paid less or receive lesser benefits than veteran employees have.
two tier wage contracts
strategic human resource planning is focused on what two initiatives?
understanding current employee needs and predicting future employee needs
according to the Lewin's change model, in the first stage, called ___________, managers need to instill in employees the motivation to change by encouraging them to let go of attitudes and behaviors that are resistant to motivation.
unfreezing
what are the stages of Lewin's Change model? in correct order.
unfreezing, changing, refreezing
the basic undermining of union security is the _____________, the part of the labor management agreement that states that employees who receive union benefits must join the union, or at least pay dues to it. (closed shop agreement page 295)
union security clause
________________ involves asking probing questions to find out what the applicant is like. no fixed questions or systematic scoring procedure.
unstructured interview
another legal consideration is the test's ______________. which is the test measures what it purports to measure and is free of bias. if the test is supposed to predict performance, then the individuals actual performance should reflect his or her score on the test.
validity
what is a mutual benefit organization?
voluntary collectives whose purpose is to advance member's interests (example: unions, trade associations)
what are 3 elements of compensation?
wages or salary, incentives, and benefits.
monetary payments to employees in exchange for doing their jobs is what?
wages or salarys
what is the division of labor for organizations, described by Schien?
work specialization for greater efficiency. also known as work specialization, it is the arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people. (example: in the manufacturing plant that devon works at, there are 15 different work stations that make individual parts. these parts are then forwarded to four additional stations for final production. devon's manufacturing plant demonstrates division of labor).
what is the coordinated effort for organizations, described by Schien?
working together for common purpose, realized through the coordination of individual efforts into a group or organization wide effect. individuals can't do everything by themselves.
what are ways to overcome employee resistance to innovative change?
1. defining tasks for employees that contribute to innovation 2. celebrating employee accomplishments 3. handing out rewards for employee accomplishments
what are the steps of Kotter's 8 steps for leading organizational change? in order.
1. establish a sense of urgency 2. create the guiding coalition 3. develop a vision and a strategy 4. communicate the change vision 5. empower broad-based action 6. generate short term wins 7. consolidate gains and produce more change 8. anchor new approaches in the culture
what are the steps in the strategic resource process? in order
1. establish the mission and the vision 2. establish the grand strategy 3. formulate the strategic plans 4. plan human resources needed 5. recruit and select people 6. orient, train, and develop 7. perform appraisals or people
Scott Berkun, author of The Myths of Innovation, identified six starting points for organization innovation, including what?
1. hard work in a specific direction 2. hard work with direction change 3.curiousity 4. wealth and money 5.necessity 6. combination of seeds
following orientation, the employee should emerge with information about 3 matters:
1. the job routine 2. the organizations mission and operations 3. the organizations work rules and employee benefits
what are 4 reasons employees might be transfers?
1. to solve organizational problems by using their skills at another location 2. to broaden their experience in being assigned to a different position 3. t retain their interest and motivation by being presented with a new challenge 4. to solve some employee problems, such as personal difference with their bosses
two kinds of subjective appraisals are what?
1. trait appraisals: are ratings of such subjective attributes as "attitude," "initiative," and "leadership" 2. behavioral appraisals: measure specific, observable aspects of performance
__________________ in which employees are appraised not only by their managerial superiors but also by peers, subordinates, and sometimes clients.
360-degree assessment
the social security act in 1935 established the _________.
US retirement system
what is performance management?
a set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations.
what are different types of employee tests?
ability test performance tests personality tests integrity tests
authority means ____________. managers must report and justify work results to the managers above them.
accountability
____________ is reintroduction of a familiar place-- the implementation of a change that has already been experienced within the same organization. the lowest in complexity and cost. it is the least threatening.
adaptive change
what kind of culture has an external focus and values flexibility?
adhocracy culture (risk taking culture)
what are two types of workplace discrimination?
adverse impact: an organization uses employment practice or procedure that results in unfavorable outcomes to a protected class (such as hispanics) over another group of people (such as non hispanic whites) disparate treatment: results when employees from protected groups (such as disabled individuals) are intentionally treated differently.
_____________ focuses on achieving equality or opportunity within an organization.
affirmative action
_______________ consists of the basic wage or salary paid employees in exchange for doing their jobs. the basic compensation is determined by all kinds of economic factors.
base pay