MGT Study Set OG

57. _____ results when a leader uses the force of personal abilities and talents to have profound and extraordinary effects on followers.

Charismatic leadership

58. _____ carries with it not only great potential for high levels of achievement and performance on the part of followers but also shadowy risks of destructive courses of action that might harm followers or other people.

Charismatic leadership

_____ results when a leader uses the force of personal abilities and talents to have profound and extraordinary effects on followers.

Charismatic leadership

Conflict Management Styles

Classified by assertiveness and cooperativeness. Avoiding, Accommodating, Competing, Compromising, Collaborating

In which of the following communication situations can nonverbal communication be utilized?​

Committee meeting

69. Which of the following styles of conflict management should be used to achieve temporary settlements to complex issues?

Compromising

Which of the following styles of conflict management is used to achieve temporary settlements to complex issues? (A) Negotiating (B) Avoiding (C) Accommodating (D) Compromising

Compromising

In the context of power networks, which of the following is true of an equal versus equal relationship? (A) Conflict in this network can lead to job dissatisfaction. (B) Conflict in this network can lead to low organizational commitment. (C) Conflict in this network can lead to low turnover. (D) Conflict in this network can lead to depression

Conflict in this network can lead to depression

52. _____ is a process influenced by individual and organizational factors that results in the production of novel and useful ideas, products, or both.

Creativity

_____ is a process influenced by individual and organizational factors that results in the production of novel and useful ideas, products, or both.

Creativity

_____ are groups in which two or more members represent each of two distinct cultures.

Bicultural groups

12. Which of the following is a structural factor of conflict in an organization?

Differences in goals among work groups

63. Which of the following is a difference between distributive bargaining and integrative negotiation?

Distributive bargaining is a win-lose approach to negotiations, whereas integrative negotiation is a win-win approach to negotiations.

60. _____ refers to the ability to recognize and manage feelings in oneself and in others.

Emotional intelligence

2. _____ is the ability to see life from another person's perspective.

Empathy

_____ is the ability to see life from another person's perspective. (A) Attribution (B) Empathy (C) Displacement (D) Rationalization

Empathy

A guideline for the ethical use of legitimate power is that managers should inform subordinates of rules and penalties. (A) True (B) False

False

A quality circle is a team that is part of an organization's structure and is empowered to act on its decisions regarding product and service quality. (A) True (B) False

False

Dominant defensiveness is characterized by passive or submissive behavior.

False

Healthy stress does not exist.

False

Illumination is conducted to determine if a solution or idea is valid. (A) True (B) False

False

In the context of communication technologies, the term flame refers to one's tendency to multitask.

False

Managers never use their intuition to make decisions. (A) True (B) False

False

Men and women tend to have similar conversational styles.

False

Styles of decision making remain uniform among cultures. (A) True (B) False

False

The stress response is inherently bad and destructive.

False

Whereas psychological intimacy is based more in behavior and activity, integrated involvement is based in emotion.

False

Women's behavioral responses to stress are very similar to men's responses to stress.

False

Which of the following is an example of a maintenance function in a group?

Harmonizing conflict between group members

_____ are shortcuts in decision making that save mental activity.

Heuristics

_____ refers to how much concern the leader displays for each follower's needs and acts as a coach or a mentor. (A) Intellectual stimulation (B) Individualized consideration (C) Individual consultation (D) Emotional intelligence

Individualized consideration

Interdependence

Interdependence requires groups or individuals to depend on one another to accomplish goals. When there is a problem, it becomes very easy to blame the other party, and conflict escalates.

Managing Interpersonal Conflict

Interpersonal conflict= Conflict that occurs between two or more individuals.

Types of Intra-personal conflict

Intrapersonal conflict=conflict that occurs within an individual. Inter-role, intra-role, and person-role

47. _____ is a fast, positive force in decision making that is utilized at a level below consciousness and involves learned patterns of information.

Intuition

60. Which of the following statements is true of group decision making?

It brings more knowledge through the pooling of group member resources.

Which of the following is an advantage of negative feedback?​

It can bring about a closer employee-boss relationship if given in a problem-solving format.​

Which of the following statements is true of group cohesion?

It can enhance job satisfaction for members and improve organizational productivity.

Which of the following statements is true of information power?

It can flow upward from subordinates to managers as well as downward from managers to subordinates.

21. Which of the following statements is true of intragroup conflict?

It can help prevent groupthink.

56. In the context of conflict management techniques, which of the following is true of character assassination?

It can make the individual who uses it appear dishonest and cruel.

64. Which of the following best defines competence?

It is the belief that one has the ability to do a job well.

19. Which of the following is true of expert power?

It is the power that exists when an agent has specialized knowledge or skills that a target needs.

Which of the following is an example of a passive-aggressive defensive tactic?​

Making a hostile joke about someone

_____ are new and complex decisions that require considerable judgment. (A) Programmed decisions (B) Routine decisions (C) Simple decisions (D) Nonprogrammed decisions

Nonprogrammed decisions

_____ is one of the four basic types of nonverbal communication that managers need to understand.​

Paralanguage

_____ refers to actions not officially sanctioned by an organization that are taken to influence others in order to meet one's personal goals.

Political behavior

66. _____ are followers who do not think independently or critically and are passive in their behavior.

Sheep

Identify a benefit of diversity in the workplace. a. It welcomes change. b. It improves cohesiveness. c. It aids marketing efforts. d. It helps in solving interpersonal conflicts.

c. It aids marketing efforts.

Which of the following is true of character theories of ethics? a. They are based on Smith's doctrine of natural liberty. b. They are based on Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative. c. They emphasize the consequences or results of behavior. d. They emphasize the personal virtues and intent of an individual.

c. They emphasize the consequences or results of behavior.

Older employees in an organization _____ than their younger counterparts. a. are less committed to their organization b. require substantially less motivation c. are more satisfied with their jobs d. place more importance on independence and creativity

c. are more satisfied with their jobs

Psychosomatic disorders: a. are a form of burnout. b. are a form of rust-out. c. are physical ailments with mental origins. d. can always be traced to a work situation.

c. are physical ailments with mental origins. The most common symptoms of psychological distress are depression, burnout, and psychosomatic disorders—physical ailments with psychological origins.

Corporations and business enterprises tend to subscribe to _____. a. cultural relativism b. universal moralism c. consequential ethics d. rule-based ethics

c. consequential ethics

Strain is also known as _____. a. stress b. distress c. eustress d. stressor

c. eustress Distress, or strain, refers to the adverse psychological, physical, behavioral, and organizational consequences that may occur as a result of stressful events.

People in cultures with low uncertainty avoidance: a. tend to avoid conflict. b. do not take risks. c. tolerate ambiguity better. d. do not accept dissenting viewpoints.

c. tolerate ambiguity better.

70. A win-win style of conflict management that is high on both assertiveness and cooperativeness is known as _____.

collaborating

The evoking of a shared or common meaning in another person is called:

communication

47. A withdrawal mechanism in which emotional conflicts are expressed in physical symptoms is called _____.

conversion

In the context of empowerment skills, _____ engage in encouraging, helpful behavior to maximize the gains for everyone on a team.

cooperative people Cooperative people engage in encouraging, helpful behavior to maximize the gains for everyone on the team. The alternative orientations to cooperation are competitive, individualistic, and egalitarian approaches.

One way of classifying styles of conflict management is to examine the styles': (A) cooperativeness and assertiveness. (B) resources and negotiation approaches. (C) degree of competition. (D) credibility and integrity

cooperativeness and assertiveness

66. One way of classifying styles of conflict management is to examine the styles':

cooperativeness and assertiveness.

All of the following are included in reflective listening except:

criticism

_____ is a cultural orientation in which assertiveness and materialism are valued. a. Femininity b. Low power distance c. High power distance d. Masculinity

d. Masculinity

Which of the following statements is true of people in cultures with high uncertainty avoidance? a. They are inclined toward accepting individual differences. b. They are inclined to take risks. c. They accept dissenting viewpoints. d. They tend to seek consensus.

d. They tend to seek consensus.

7. The second step of decision making involves:

determining what is to be accomplished by a decision.

Personal factors of conflict in an organization arise from: (A) the nature of organizations. (B) differences among individuals. (C) dependence on other people to get work done. (D) a traditional boss-employee relationship

differences among individuals

Strain is also known as _____. stress distress eustress stressor

distress

Malcolm, a senior editor at a publishing house, often criticizes his subordinates loudly in front of other colleagues even when the subordinates are not at fault. This embarrasses and humiliates them. He also unnecessarily swears and talks at elevated tones while expressing himself. It is evident that Malcolm exhibits _____ at his workplace. subordinate defensiveness passive behavior submissive behavior dominant defensiveness

dominant defensiveness

You witness an incident at work where a supervisor loudly criticizes an employee in front of several other employees. Later, you learn that the employee didn't make any mistake. The supervisor's communication is an example of:

dominant defensiveness

Passive-aggressive behavior eventually becomes: dominant defensiveness. nonassertive behavior. accommodative behavior nondefensive communication.

dominant defensiveness.

A communication medium that is moderate in both information richness and data capacity is:

electronic mail

A balance between head and heart is achieved when a person displays _____.

emotional competence

Personal integrity in positive, healthy communication is achieved through:

emotional competence

NateCare is a public hospital in the city of Greycliff. The hospital has only one specialist for neurology, one for cardiology, and another for orthopedics. The structural cause for conflict among these specialists will be _____. (A) authority relationships (B) status inconsistencies (C) interdependence (D) emotions

emotions

68. Participative decision making is associated with:

employee job satisfaction.

32. In situations characterized by _____, individuals who make decisions that turn out to be poor choices tend to hold fast to those choices, even when substantial costs are incurred.

escalation of commitment

34. Two supermarkets getting involved in a price war and continuing it despite incurring heavy losses is an example of _____.

escalation of commitment

35. Jake, the CEO of WinWest Inc., launches a new product. Despite the product's persistent failure, he is unwilling to withdraw it from the market because he believes that the product will be profitable in the long term. This scenario is an example of _____.

escalation of commitment

Continuing to support a failing course of action is known as _____.

escalation of commitment

Jake, the CEO of WinWest Inc., decided to launch a high-risk product. Despite the product's persistent failure, he was unwilling to withdraw it from the market. This scenario is an example of _____. (A) path dependency (B) risk aversion (C) escalation of commitment (D) participative decision making

escalation of commitment

52. In the context of influence tactics, offering to do favors for someone in an effort to create a favorable impression is a(n) _____ tactic.

exchange

In the context of influence tactics, offering to do favors for someone in an effort to create a favorable impression is a(n) _____ tactic.

exchange

In the context of interpersonal power, _____ has been called the power of the future.

expert power

In the context of interpersonal power, _____ is called the power of future. (A) legitimate power (B) referent power (C) expert power (D) social power

expert power

Women tend to view political behavior more favorably than do men.​

false

28. In the context of information power, _____ is the spin that managers put on information.

framing

In the context of information power, _____ is the spin that managers put on information.

framing

In the context of information power, _____ is the spin that managers put on information. (A) ingratiation (B) altruism (C) networking (D) framing

framing

In the context of reflective listening, a certain amount of silence: ensures the accuracy of the message being delivered by the speaker. enables the listener to shift the speaker's focus from the main problem. enables the speaker and the listener to build greater empathy and openness in their relationship. gives the listener time to sort his or her own thoughts and feelings from those of the speaker.

gives the listener time to sort his or her own thoughts and feelings from those of the speaker.

In the context of preventive stress management, _____ are designed to increase task motivation while reducing role conflict and ambiguity.

goal-setting activities

In the context of preventive stress management, _____ are designed to increase task motivation while reducing role conflict and ambiguity. role negotiations goal-setting activities social support systems team building sessions

goal-setting activities

The advantages of culturally diverse groups appear to include the generation of more and better ideas while limiting the risk of _____.

groupthink​

For integrative negotiation to be successful, parties should: (A) change the structure of an organization. (B) have a common goal. (C) determine whether a conflict will have a positive outcome. (D) achieve superordinate goals

have a common goal

33. In the context of managing intrapersonal conflicts, political skills can:

help buffer the negative effects of stress that stem from role conflicts.

In the context of empowerment, _____ is the belief that one's job makes a difference within an organization. (A) impact (B) competence (C) self-determination (D) meaning

impact

In _____, individuals use influence tactics to control others' impressions of them. (A) impression management (B) zone of indifference (C) organizational politics (D) high degree of centrality

impression management

In the context of leader-member exchange theory, _____ tend to be similar to the leader and are given greater responsibilities, more rewards, and more attention. (A) transactional leaders (B) transformational leaders (C) out-group members (D) in-group members

in-group members

33. Clara, a supervisor at Shoesion, installed audio surveillance microphones in the workplace to monitor discussions among her subordinates. Clara also warned her subordinates of strict action in case of small talk during working hours. In this scenario, Clara's behavior is unethical as it violates the criterion of:

individual rights.

14. According to the first studies of leadership, _____ is identified as an ability of a leader.

insight

18. Conflict that occurs between teams in an organization is known as _____.

intergroup conflict

An employee with a major sales presentation due on Monday and a sick child at home Sunday night is likely to experience _____.​

interrole conflict

51. An assumption of intuition involved in the decision-making process is that:

it appears to be a positive force in decision making.

17. Unclear lines of responsibility within an organization are defined as _____.

jurisdictional ambiguities

A manager comments to her secretary, "How come Nancy (a word processor) is always hard to find when there is a deadline? She is a loafer." This is an example of:

labeling

4. The _____ involves setting a direction for an organization, aligning people with that direction through communication, and motivating people to action, partly through empowerment and partly through basic need gratification.

leadership process

58. One social decision scheme is the _____, in which a group supports whatever position is taken by most of its members.

majority-wins rule

3. The _____ involves planning and budgeting, organizing and staffing, and controlling and problem solving.

management process

50. In the context of conflict management techniques, _____ is doing nothing in hopes that the conflict will disappear.

nonaction

5. Alex, the CEO of WizzWare Inc., is in charge of making the decision about merging WizzWare Inc. with another company. This decision is a _____.

nonprogrammed decision

Many of the communications technologies significantly limit or eliminate _____ forms of communication.

nonverbal

In the context of the Leadership Grid, the _____ is a middle-of-the-road leader who has a medium concern for people and production. (A) impoverished manager (B) organization man manager (C) authority-compliance manager (D) country club manager

organization man manager

28. Person-role conflict occurs when an individual in a particular role is expected to perform behaviors that clash with his or her _____.

personal values

An important secondary stress prevention activity for individuals is:

physical exercise.

6. Enlarging an individual's zone of indifference is best accomplished with _____.

power

Because of increasing reports of stress among its employees, the management of ZenZin Inc. decides to reduce the working hours of its employees from 45 to 40 hours per week. In the context of preventive stress management, the management's decision is an example of _____. individual prevention secondary prevention primary prevention tertiary prevention

primary prevention

In the context of empowerment skills, the most critical _____ include negotiating skills, especially with allies, opponents, and adversaries.

process skills

23. A leader following a(n) _____ uses direct, close supervision or many written and unwritten rules and regulations to control behavior.

production-oriented leadership style

Seating arrangements and dynamics can be examined in a/an _____ study.

proxemics

53. In the context of influence tactics, _____ is used most often to get support from peers and superiors to change company policy.

rational persuasion

49. According to leader-member exchange theory, in contrast to in-group members, out-group members:

receive less attention.

In the context of interpersonal forms of power, charismatic individuals are often thought to have _____ power. (A) reward (B) legitimate (C) referent (D) expert

referent

In the context of interpersonal forms of power, charismatic individuals are often thought to have _____.

referent power

45. According to the Situational Leadership model, when a follower is unable but willing and confident to do a task, the leader can use the _____, in which there is high task behavior and high relationship behavior.

selling style

36. Escalation of commitment occurs when managers:

strive to reduce their cognitive dissonance.

69. In the context of followership, _____ are the least disruptive and the lowest-risk followers in an organization.

survivors

Richness in a communication message refers to:

the ability of the medium to convey the meaning

10. To diagnose a conflict as functional or dysfunctional, a manager must look at:

the issue, the context of the conflict, and the parties involved.

Hersey & Blanchard's Situational Leadership model suggests that: (A) leaders determine the appropriate level of employee participation in decision making. (B) leaders adapt their behavior to fit the characteristics of the environment in which they work. (C) the leader's behavior style helps followers achieve their goals. (D) the leader's behavior should be adjusted to the maturity level of the followers

the leader's behavior should be adjusted to the maturity level of the followers

When employees perceive that there are dominant interest groups or cliques at work, they are less satisfied with pay and promotions.​

true

Which of the following is a task demand that causes stress?

​Dramatic changes at work

Why does role negotiation have value as a stress-management method?

​It allows individuals to modify their work roles.

Which of the following statements is true about paralanguage?​

​It enables people to make assumptions about a communicator.

_____ is an interpersonal communication skill identified by the Department of Labor as necessary for success in the workplace.

​Reading

Which of the following is an early warning sign of workaholism?​​

​The inability to enjoy vacations and respites from work

Which of the following approaches would a supervisor follow to effectively manage an employee who has Type A behavior pattern?​

​The supervisor would provide some training to the employee on working harmoniously in a team.

Which of the following is true of people who use referent power?​

​They are most often individualistic and respected by a target.

Which of the following statements is true of work teams?

​They emphasize collective work products.

In the norming stage, a group's focus will turn from interpersonal relations to:

​decision making and task accomplishment.

A(n) _____ is an example of computer-mediated communication.

​e-mail

Information overload for employees is most likely caused when supervisors:

​fail to filter and disseminate information selectively to them.

The person-environment fit approach to stress emphasized the:​

​idea that confusing and conflicting expectations of a person in a social role create stress for that person.

In contrast with two-way communication, one-way communication:

​is faster but often less accurate

Learned optimism is:

​is one of the five dimensions of positive organizational behavior.

In the context of empowerment, _____ consists of the tasks and procedures necessary for doing a particular job.​

​job content

According to the group development model proposed by Warren Bennis and Herbert Shepard, the task issues that are addressed by a group include:

​the mission of the group.

Managers using coercive power may:​

​verbally abuse employees or withhold support from them.

10. Identify an assumption of the rational model of decision making.

The decision maker has a consistent system of preferences.

70. Which of the following is an individual prerequisite for participative decision making?

The motivation to act autonomously

Which of the following is an individual prerequisite for participative decision making?

The motivation to act autonomously

Role incumbent

The person occupying the focal role

18. Which of the following is true of people who use referent power?

They are most often individualistic and respected by their targets.

Which of the following is true of Kanter's symbols of power? (A) They can only identify weak people in organizations. (B) They have an active, other-directed element. (C) They are used for budget cutting. (D) They are used to create motivation

They have an active, other-directed element

Which of the following is true of Kanter's symbols of power?​

They have an active, other-directed element.​

Which of the following statements is true of teams?

They make the most significant contributions to organizations when team members put aside individual interests in favor of unity.

39. According to Rosabeth Moss Kanter, which of the following is a characteristic of powerful people in organizations?

They procure above-average raises for employees.

According to Rosabeth Moss Kanter, which of the following is a characteristic of powerful people in organizations?

They procure above-average raises for employees.

54. In the context of inspirational leadership theories, which of the following is true of transformational leaders?

They rely on their personal attributes instead of their official position to manage followers.

30. Which of the following is a guideline for managers for the ethical use of expert power?

They should avoid threatening subordinates' self-esteem.

31. Which of the following is a guideline for managers for the ethical use of legitimate power?

They should exercise power consistently.

67. In the context of followership, which of the following is true of yes people?

They uncritically reinforce the thinking and ideas of their leaders with enthusiasm.

In the context of followership, which of the following is true of yes people?

They uncritically reinforce the thinking and ideas of their leaders with enthusiasm.

According to Kanter, which of the following is true of executives feeling powerless? (A) They exceed budget limitations. (B) They use dictatorial, top-down communication. (C) They have access to early information. (D) They procure above-average raises for employees

They use dictatorial, top-down communication

45. According to Michael Korda's tangible symbols of power, which of the following is true of managers who are really secure in their time power?

They wear no watch at all.

Which of the following is an example of primary prevention activities that helps prevent distress and enhance positive well-being of employees in the workplace? Time-management session Physical exercise Meditation Counseling session

Time-management session

Which of the following statements is true of using eye contact in reflective listening? Too much direct eye contact during a dialogue can have an intimidating effect. Rules of appropriate eye contact are almost the same in all cultures. Direct eye contact initiated by women and children is encouraged in India. Even a periodic aversion of the eyes during a dialogue can be a barrier to effective communication.

Too much direct eye contact during a dialogue can have an intimidating effect.

A key to recognizing functional conflict is that it is often cognitive in origin. (A) True (B) False

True

According to the homeostatic/medical approach to stress, stress occurs when deep emotions or environmental demands upset an individual's natural steadystate balance.

True

Clara has always been very competitive. She finds it important to be popular and well liked and always wishes to achieve more. She gets aggressive when disturbed and hates being late in general. Due to these personality characteristics, Clara is likely to be at risk for coronary heart disease.

True

Communicative disease refers to loneliness and social isolation resulting from the absence of heartfelt communication in relationships.

True

Corporate leaders play a central role in setting the ethical tone and moral values for their organizations. (A) True (B) False

True

Cross-cultural negotiations can be more effective if each party learns as much about the other cultures as possible. (A) True (B) False

True

Developing trust within a group can prevent the misattribution of task conflict for personal conflict. (A) True (B) False

True

Dramatic changes at work and lack of control are some of the major causes of work stress.

True

Effective followers practice self-management and self-responsibility. (A) True (B) False

True

Expert power has the strongest relationship with performance and satisfaction in comparison to the other forms of power. (A) True (B) False

True

Flexibility training is an important type of exercise because muscular contractions are associated with the stress response.

True

From an organizational health standpoint, diversity and depth in the top management team enhance a CEO's well-being.

True

In the context of the stress response, adrenaline activates the sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine (hormone) system.

True

Individual differences, such as gender and Type A behavior pattern, enhance vulnerability to strain under stressful conditions.

True

Lisa and Mark work for the same company, have the same designation, and report to the same manager. Unfortunately, both Lisa and Mark experienced sexual harassment at the work place. This caused them a significant amount of stress. Research indicates that Mark is more likely than Lisa to abuse alcohol as a coping method.

True

Managers should work to stimulate functional conflict when they suspect their group is suffering from groupthink. (A) True (B) False

True

Nonwork demands may broadly be identified as impositions from an individual's personal life environment and self-imposed restrictions.

True

Primary prevention is a stage in preventive stress management designed to reduce, modify, or eliminate the demand or stressor causing stress.

True

Problem-focused coping emphasizes managing the stressor.

True

Professional jargon may serve only to confuse and derail any attempt at clear understanding of a message by those unfamiliar with the profession.

True

Psychological counseling, career counseling, physical therapy, medical treatment, surgical intervention, and other therapeutic techniques are available to people who need help.

True

Strategic decision making in firms can vary widely by culture. (A) True (B) False

True

22. For expert power to work, a target's perception of an agent as an expert is crucial. Which of the following helps increase a target's trust in an expert?

Using easy-to-understand language by an agent

Competing

Very assertive and uncooperative. Emergency or in situations where you know you are right, it may be best to use.

43. The _____ recognizes the benefits of authoritative, democratic, and consultive styles of leader behavior.

Vroom-Yetton-Jago normative decision model

_____ recognizes the benefits of authoritative, democratic, and consultive styles of leader behavior. (A) The situational decision making model (B) Vroom-Yetton-Jago normative decision model (C) The rational decision making model (D) Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership

Vroom-Yetton-Jago normative decision model

Who among the following is most closely associated with the homeostatic/medical approach to stress?​

Walter B. Cannon

67. In which of the following situations should the avoiding style of conflict management be used?

When an issue is trivial or more important issues are pressing

In which of the following situations should the avoiding style of conflict management be used? (A) When an issue is trivial or more important issues are pressing (B) When quick, decisive action is vital (C) When the objective is to learn (D) When opponents with equal power are committed to mutually exclusive goals

When an issue is trivial or more important issues are pressing

Which of the following is true of gender and leadership?

Women managers excel in positions that demand strong interpersonal skills.

_____ issues include goals and objectives, operating guidelines, performance measures, and role specification.

Work team structure

When a child gets sick at school, the parent often must leave work to care for the child. This would be an example of: a. interrole conflict. b. intrarole conflict. c. intersender conflict. d. intrasender conflict.

a

_______is a tendency to display behavior inconsistent with, or even opposite of, a conventionally held concept. a. Stereotype reactance b. Displacement c. Role conflict d. Suboptimization

a

A defensive tactic where an individual attempts to manipulate and control others is:

a power play

Which of the following is a similarity between prejudice and discrimination? a. Both diminish organizational productivity. b. Both help in minimizing inequality. c. Both value assertiveness and materialism. d. Both are characterized by traditional masculinity.

a. Both diminish organizational productivity.

_____ of ethics emphasize the results of behavior. a. Consequential theories b. Rule-based theories c. Character theories d. Fact-based theories

a. Consequential theories

_____ is defined as all forms of difference among individuals, including culture, gender, age, ability, religion, personality, social status, and sexual orientation. a. Diversity b. Power distance c. Guanxi d. Kibbutzim

a. Diversity

_____ are managers who work in a country other than their home country. a. Expatriate managers b. Repatriate managers c. Pitchfork managers d. Pontificating managers

a. Expatriate managers

The key elements in a person's work and nonwork social support system provide _____. a. evaluative feedback b. self-disclosure c. organizational wellness d. relaxation training

a. evaluative feedback The key elements in a person's work and nonwork social support system are organizational relationships, family, church/synagogue/mosque, clubs, and professional relationships. These relationships provide emotional caring, information, evaluative feedback, modeling, and instrumental support.

John is from a culture in which the social framework is loose. Instead of being loyal to his organization, he solely focuses on his own goals and his family's well-being. It is evident that John belongs to a culture where _____ predominates. a. individualism b. collectivism c. communalism d. socialism

a. individualism

52. In the context of ineffective techniques for dealing with conflict, _____ is delaying action on a conflict by buying time, usually by telling the individuals involved that the problem is being worked on.

administrative orbiting

In the context of ineffective techniques for dealing with conflict, _____ is delaying action on a conflict by buying time, usually by telling the individuals involved that the problem is being worked on. (A) administrative orbiting (B) jurisdictional ambiguity (C) due process nonaction (D) character assassination

administrative orbiting

1. In the context of power, the person using the power is known as the _____.

agent

In the context of power, the person using power is known as a(n) _____. (A) agent (B) target (C) philanthropist (D) altruist

agent

Positive, healthy communication is achieved when:

all of these

20. For expert power to work, _____.

an agent's knowledge must be relevant and useful to a target

For expert power to work, _____.

an agent's knowledge must be relevant and useful to a target

18. The bounded rationality model assumes that managers:

are comfortable making decisions without determining all the alternatives.

Which of the following is NOT considered a result or outcome of defensive communication?

assertive but accurate message sending

16. As organizations move toward the team approach and empowerment, there should be less potential for conflict from _____.

authority relationships

As organizations move toward the team approach and empowerment, there should be less potential for conflict from _____. (A) cultural differences (B) goal differences (C) authority relationships (D) status inconsistencies

authority relationships

26. In the context of the Leadership Grid, the _____ desires tight control in order to get tasks done efficiently and considers creativity and human relations unnecessary.

authority-compliance manager

In the context of the Leadership Grid, the _____ desires tight control in order to get tasks done efficiently and considers creativity and human relations unnecessary.

authority-compliance manager

47. In the context of political behavior in organizations, _____ encourages political activity.

autocratic decision making

In the context of political behavior in organizations, _____ encourages political activity. (A) clear goals (B) definitive lines of authority (C) abundant resources (D) autocratic decision making

autocratic decision making

Your company specializes in manufacturing precast concrete products and has collaborated with another company for the ironworks. You receive a complaint on a building's door jams, which had in fact been installed by the company you have collaborated with. This situation illustrates a conflict based on: a. authority relationships. b. jurisdictional ambiguity. c. interdependence. d. status inconsistencies.

b

Which of the following is a task demand that causes stress? a. Globalization b. Dramatic changes at work c. Outdated technologies d. Organizational commitment

b. Dramatic changes at work Dramatic changes at work lead to uncertainty in a person's daily tasks and activities, provoking on-the-job pressure and stress. Globalization and large-scale business trends lead to change, as do smaller-scale shifts in company policy.

In cultures characterized by traditional femininity, assertiveness and materialism are valued. a. True b. False

b. False

In societies with low power distance, bosses are afforded more authority, which is seldom bypassed, titles are used, and formality is the rule. a. True b. False

b. False

6. _____ is the Chinese practice of building networks for social exchange. a. Taguchi b. Guanxi c. Kanban d. Kibbutzim

b. Guanxi

Which of the following is the last step of the GP3 method of time management? a. Prioritizing goals in terms of their relative importance b. Praising oneself for specific achievements along the way c. Setting goals that are challenging yet attainable d. Planning for goal attainment through specific tasks

b. Praising oneself for specific achievements along the way The last step of the GP3 method of time management is praising oneself for specific achievements along the way. Effective time managers employ the macro-level GP3 method of time management.

Which of the following involves repeated pressures for dates? a. Sexual coercion b. Unwanted sexual attention c. Gender harassment d. Sexual abuse

b. Unwanted sexual attention

Males are more vulnerable at an earlier age to: a. sexual harassment in the workplace. b. fatal health problems such as cardiovascular disorders. c. nonfatal but long-term health issues. d. post-traumatic stress disorder.

b. fatal health problems such as cardiovascular disorders. Males are more vulnerable at an earlier age to fatal health problems such as cardiovascular disorders, whereas women report more nonfatal but long-term and disabling health problems.

Most organizational prevention is _____, including job redesign, goal setting, role negotiation, and career management. a. tertiary prevention b. primary prevention c. reduction prevention d. secondary prevention

b. primary prevention Most organizational prevention is primary prevention, including job redesign, goal setting, role negotiation, and career management. Primary prevention is intended to reduce, modify, or eliminate the stress-causing demand or stressor.

In the context of the U.S. workforce, minority workers are less likely to be prepared to face severe economic difficulties and high crime rates in large cities because: a. their share of authority and compensation does not increase. b. they are less likely to have had satisfactory schooling. c. they only have on-the-job training skills. d. they are the underutilized talents of the workforce.

b. they are less likely to have had satisfactory schooling.

By using the Z problem-solving model, managers can use only their preferences to make decisions. (A) True (B) False

False

Good leaders never make good followers. (A) True (B) False

False

Referent power is the power that exists when an agent has specialized knowledge or skills that a target needs. (A) True (B) False

False

Time orientation does not affect the frame of reference of a decision. (A) True (B) False

False

50. In the context of decision making, which of the following is an assumption of intuition?

It involves learned patterns of information.

In the context of decision making, which of the following is an assumption of intuition?

It involves learned patterns of information.

In the context of the Situational Leadership model, which of the following is true of a telling style? (A) It involves providing instructions and closely monitoring performance. (B) It helps leaders determine the appropriate level of employee participation in decision making. (C) It determines the team's effectiveness in work accomplishment. (D) It attempts to balance a concern for people and production without a commitment to either

It involves providing instructions and closely monitoring performance

Due process nonaction

A procedure set up to address conflicts that is so costly, time consuming, or personally risky that no one will use it.

Role

A set of expectations placed on an individual by others

Accomodating

A style in which you are concerned that he other party;'s goals be met but relatively unconcerned about getting your own way. Cooperative but unassertive.

Authority Relationships

A traditional boss-employee relationship is hierarchical in nature, with a boss who is superior to the employee. For many employees such a relationship is not comfortable. As organizations move toward the team approach and empowerment there should be less potential for conflict from authority relationships

Collaborating

A win-win style that is high on both assertiveness and cooperativeness.

Which of the following best defines competence? (A) It is a fit between work roles and employees' values and beliefs. (B) It is the belief that one has the ability to do a job well. (C) It is the belief that one's job makes a difference within an organization. (D) It is having control over the way one does work

It is the belief that one has the ability to do a job well

Which of the following statements is true of information power?​

It may flow upward from subordinates to managers as well as downward from managers to subordinates.​

Which of the following is a difference between power and authority?

Power is the ability to influence while authority is the right to influence another person.

27. In the context of the Leadership Grid, which of the following is true of the country club manager?

The leader's goal is to keep people happy through good interpersonal relations, which are more important to him or her than the task.

7. Which of the following is true of managers?

They view work as an enabling process that combines people, ideas, and things.

1. A memo from a company's president to all employees is an example of one-way communication.

True

Because task activities build tension within teams or groups, tension-reduction activities are important to drain off negative or destructive feelings.

True

Communication gatekeepers within a group ensure balanced contributions from all members.

True

Communicative disease is not a physiological disease and, hence, has no adverse effects on the heart.

True

Over optimism is one of the reasons for escalation of commitment. (A) True (B) False

True

Participation buffers employees from the negative experiences of organizational politics. (A) True (B) False

True

Role ambiguity and role conflict are two major categories of role stress at work.

True

Team creativity and divergent thinking can be enhanced through greater diversity in teams, electronic brainstorming, training facilitators, and building a playground.

True

The final result of the role negotiation process should be a clear, well-defined focal role with which the incumbent and organizational members are all comfortable.

True

The high versus middle versus low power network illustrates the conflict felt by middle managers. (A) True (B) False

True

The task of seeking information involves asking for ideas, suggestions, information, or facts.

True

When employees perceive that there are dominant interest groups or cliques at work, they are less satisfied with pay and promotions. (A) True (B) False

True

Which of the following diminishes creativity in decision making?

Trying to be logical

_____ combine the stability of managers with the visionary abilities of leaders in a synergistic way.

Strategic leaders

Which of the following organizational stress prevention methods is a type of secondary prevention? Role negotiation Goal setting Team building Job redesign

Team building

Which of the following is an example of task function in a work group?

Testing ideas presented in the group

In which of the following situations should the competing style of conflict management be used? a. When quick, decisive action is vital b. When others can resolve the conflict more effectively c. When issues seem tangential or symptomatic of other issues d. When issues are more important to others than to oneself

a

Interventions such as activating central authority and clarifying common interests are most appropriate for interpersonal conflicts in which of the following power networks? a. Equal versus equal b. High versus low c. High versus middle versus low d. Control versus autonomy

a

A wild turkey in a top management team is:

a devil's advocate who challenges the thinking of the CEO and other top executives. the presence of a wild turkey in the top management team can be a particularly positive force. The wild turkey is a devil's advocate who challenges the thinking of the CEO and other top executives and provides a counterpoint during debates. If not shouted down or inhibited, the wild turkey helps the CEO and the team sustain peak performance and retard the CEO's dysfunction and decline

Ethical theories help us understand, evaluate, and classify moral arguments. a. True b. False

a. True

In corporations that shatter the glass ceiling, upper managers demonstrate support for the advancement of women. a. True b. False

a. True

Mr. Okazaki has been born and brought up in Japan. However, he is employed as a manager at Honda plant in Marysville, Ohio. It can be said that Mr. Okazaki is an expatriate manager. a. True b. False

a. True

In countries with a high power distance, _____. a. formality is the rule b. titles are not used c. people trust one another d. employees judge each other on a basis of equality

a. formality is the rule

41. According to Rosabeth Moss Kanter, a symptom of powerlessness that first-line managers often display is:

an overly close supervision of employees.

A symptom of powerlessness that a first-line manager displays is:​

an overly close supervision of employees.

Psychosomatic disorders:

are physical ailments with mental origins.

_________ challenge individuals to choose between two or more things in which they believe. a. Moral dilemmas b. Defining moments c. Approach-avoidance conflicts d. Suboptimization situations

b

_________ is a personality trait in which a person ignores the interpersonal aspects of work and the feelings of colleagues. a. Conscientiousness b. Abrasiveness c. Extraversion d. Stereotype reactance

b

Which of the following is true of positive thinking? a. The power of positive thinking is often appreciated. b. When one cultivates an optimistic frame of mind, bad life events are bathed in a positive light. c. An optimistic style of thought does not have to be practiced habitually in order to be effective. d. No person is predisposed to an optimistic style of thought.

b. When one cultivates an optimistic frame of mind, bad life events are bathed in a positive light. When one cultivates an optimistic frame of mind, bad life events are bathed in a positive light, preventing future and healing past distress. Positive thinking enhances physical health and achievement and decreases susceptibility to depression.

In the context of ethical dilemmas facing the modern organization, whistle-blowing is: a. an example of white-collar crime. b. a powerful influence on corporate America. c. an illustration of distributive justice. d. an unethical act.

b. a powerful influence on corporate America.

Martha is from a culture that has a tightly knit social framework. She is a part of a non-governmental organization in which the members strongly depend on each other and value group decisions. It is evident that Martha belongs to a culture that is characterized by _____. a. individualism b. collectivism c. communalism d. socialism

b. collectivism

Many Chinese use guanxi, or personal connections, to: a. reward employees at work. b. conduct business or obtain jobs. c. evaluate the performance of individual group members. d. understand the global work environment.

b. conduct business or obtain jobs.

Aerobic exercise: a. increases adrenaline levels in the blood, while at rest. b. enhances a person's ability to manage stressful demands. c. improves a person's time management skills. d. slows down a person's recovery from stressful events.

b. enhances a person's ability to manage stressful demands. Specific stressful activities, including aerobic exercise, weight training, and flexibility training, improve health and enhance a person's ability to manage stressful demands or situations. Cannon argued that the stress response better prepares soldiers for combat.

The two major categories of role stress at work include: a. temporal pressure and career progress. b. role conflict and role ambiguity. c. lack of control and emotional toxins. d. person-role conflict and ethics violations.

b. role conflict and role ambiguity. People encounter two major categories of role stress at work: role conflict and role ambiguity. Role conflict results from inconsistent or incompatible expectations.

People born from 1946 through 1964 are called _____. a. Generation X b. the baby boomlets c. the baby boomers d. Generation Y

c. the baby boomers

Procedural justice concerns: a. creativity and innovation. b. organizational flexibility. c. the fairness of the process by which outcomes are allocated. d. the fairness of outcomes individuals receive.

c. the fairness of the process by which outcomes are allocated.

55. In the context of conflict management techniques, _____ is an attempt to label or discredit an opponent.

character assassination

6. Unlike managers, leaders:

believe goals arise from desire and imagination.

Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic rules Catherine Crier (news anchor for a major television network) uses to prevent defensive communication?

bring the focus back to the person

A conflict felt by middle managers where conflicting expectations are placed on the managers from their bosses and employees is termed as . a. suboptimization conflict b. control-autonomy conflict c. role conflict d. resource dependency conflict

c

A customer confronts a sales manager about a faulty product his organization sold to her. The sales manager tells her to file a complaint formally. She learns that she has to fill a complaint form which will be reviewed by the frontline staff and then passed on to the necessary authorities and that the whole procedure will take about 20-30 business days. In this scenario the company is using the technique of addressing conflicts. a. distributive bargaining b. administrative orbiting c. due process nonaction d. confrontation

c

An ineffective technique for dealing with conflicts where an attempt is made to label or discredit an opponent is referred to as: a. abusive competition. b. stereotype reactance. c. character assassination. d. administrative orbiting.

c

Conflict that occurs between teams in an organization is referred to as: a. intraorganizational conflict. b. interorganizational conflict. c. intergroup conflict. d. intragroup conflict.

c

Disagreements over wages and working conditions between a union and an employer are usually resolved through: a. strikes. b. changing union leaders and management personnel. c. negotiations. d. expending resources and giving everybody what they want.

c

Healthy, normal stress is known as _____.​

eustress

21. In the context of interpersonal power, _____ has been called the power of the future.

expert power

57. Males are more vulnerable at an earlier age to:​

fatal health problems such as cardiovascular disorders.

The FAME model of leadership communication is based upon which of the following message characteristics?

focus, articulate, model, engage

At the core of personal integrity as displayed by executives is:

healthy communication

46. In the context of the Situational Leadership model, a participating style involves:

high relationship behavior and low task behavior.

In a study of managers' communication skills and performance,:

higher performing managers are better and less apprehensive communicators than lower performing managers

As a manager, your ability to diagnose conflict as good or bad is contingent upon your looking at all of the following except: a. the issue. b. the parties involved. c. the context of the conflict. d. the occurrence of groupthink.

d

_____ was one of the first people to identify the relaxation response as the natural counterresponse to stress. a. Kenneth Cooper b. Dean Ornish c. Joyce Adkins d. Herbert Benson

d. Herbert Benson Herbert Benson was one of the first people to identify the relaxation response as the natural counterresponse to stress. In studying Western and Eastern peoples, Benson found that Jews and Christians have elicited this response through their time-honored traditions of prayer, whereas those with backgrounds in Eastern religions have elicited it through meditation.

54. In the context of creativity, _____ occurs when an individual senses an insight for solving a problem.

illumination

47. In the context of the Situational Leadership model, a delegating style is characterized by:

low task behavior and low relationship behavior.

If one of your employees was in the early stages of expressing thoughts and feelings about a problem, especially when there may be some associated anxiety or discomfort, it would be most appropriate for you to:

make affirming contact

Self-managed teams are teams that:

make decisions that were once reserved for managers.

9. To use reward power effectively, a manager should:

make the connection clear between the behavior being rewarded and the reward.

51. In the context of influence tactics, flattery, opinion conformity, and subservient behavior are examples of _____.

ingratiation

Leader _____ characteristics that have been examined include originality, adaptability, introversion-extroversion, dominance, self-confidence, integrity, and conviction. (A) personality (B) ability (C) insight (D) speech fluency

personality

In the context of intergroup conflict, managers should encourage social interactions across groups so that: (A) trust can be developed. (B) resources can be shared. (C) employees can perform better. human resource activities can be held

trust can be developed

Emotional intelligence is: (A) an aggressive mechanism in which an individual directs his or her anger toward someone who is not the source of the conflict. (B) a compromise mechanism whereby an individual patterns her behavior after another's. (C) the emotion of love, cooperation and the common good. (D) the power to control one's emotions and perceive emotions in others

the power to control one's emotions and perceive emotions in others

20. The bounded rationality model assumes that managers _____ because the costs of optimizing in terms of time and effort are too great.

satisfice

Bounded rationality assumes that managers _____ because the costs of optimizing in terms of time and effort are too great. (A) satisfice (B) optimize (C) examine facts and details (D) reject heuristics

satisfice

To facilitate direct and open communication, which of the following seating arrangements would be most appropriate?

seat the other party across a corner of your desk from you or in a place where you will be a right angles

46. To develop the left half of the brain, one can:

set goals to complete a task.

In the context of groups and work teams, work teams emphasize:​

shared leadership.

Providing the time to identify and isolate the listener's personal responses and exclude them from the dialogue is one of the purposes of:

silence

44. The left half of the brain is the center for _____.

planning

45. Jake, a store keeper at Triscent Hypermarket, is accused of stealing food products from the store. When confronted by his manager, Jake justifies his act by claiming that his monthly pay is not sufficient to support his family of five members. In this scenario, the defense mechanism used by Jake is _____.

rationalization

17. In the context of interpersonal forms of power, charismatic individuals are often thought to have _____.

referent power

In the context of interpersonal forms of power, charismatic individuals are often thought to have _____ power.​

referent​

10. Jenny, a manager at ThetaLearn, offers her employees an incentive of $15 for every blog post on the company's website. This helps the company display new blog posts every day on their website. In the context of interpersonal forms of power, Jenny is using _____.

reward power

22. In the context of intrapersonal conflicts, individuals who place expectations on the person occupying the focal role are termed as _____.

role senders

In the context of intrapersonal conflicts, the individuals who place expectations on a person are _____. (A) role producers (B) role delegators (C) role incumbents (D) role senders

role senders

59. In the context of political skill, _____ refers to an individual's ability to portray forthrightness and authenticity in all of his or her dealings.

sincerity

In the context of territorial space, a four-foot-wide desk pushes business interactions into the _____. intimate space zone personal distance zone social distance zone public distance zone

social distance zone

38. According to David McClelland, _____ is used to create motivation or to accomplish group goals.

social power

A barrier to effective communication is:

status difference

3. In organizations, the key to conflict management is:

to resolve dysfunctional conflict.

Because task activities build tension within teams or groups, tension-reduction activities are important to drain off negative or destructive feelings.

true Communication gatekeepers within a group ensure balanced contributions from all members. Because task activities build tension within teams or groups, tension-reduction activities are important to drain off negative or destructive feelings.

Which of the following is true of individuals who possess Type A personality?

​They are aggressive, hostile, and demonstrate a quest for achievements.

Which of the following is a self-imposed personal demand?​

​Workaholism

In the context of power, the person using power is known as a(n) _____.​

​agent

Defensive communication includes messages that are:​

​aggressive.

Passive-aggressive behavior ends up as:​

​dominant defensiveness.

In the context of Bruce Tuckman's five-stage model of group development, dependence on guidance and direction is the defining characteristic of the _____ stage of group development.

​forming

A manager says to her secretary, "Nancy is a slacker. She is always hard to find when there is a deadline." In this scenario, the manager is indulging in _____.​

​labeling

Friends typically interact within the:

​personal distance zone.

In the context of influence tactics, _____ is used most often to get support from peers and superiors to change company policy.​

​rational persuasion

The two major categories of role stress at work include:

​role conflict and role ambiguity.

RAtionalizarion

A compromise mechanism characterized by trying to justify one's behavior by constructing bogus reasons for it.

Compensation

A compromise mechanism in which an individual attempts to make up for a negative situation by devoting himself or herself to another pursuit with increased vigor.

Identification

A compromise mechanism whereby an individual patterns his or her behavior after another's

Flight/Withdrawal

A withdrawal mechanism hat entails physically escaping (flight) or psychologically escaping (withdrawal) a conflict

Conversion

A withdrawal mechanism in which emotional conflicts are expressed in physical symptoms

Fantasy

A withdrawal mechanism that provides an escape from a conflict through daydreaming

Which of the following is true of the laissez-faire leadership style? (A) It requires a hands-on approach. (B) It helps leaders clearly define goals and outcomes. (C) It leads to lower interpersonal conflicts at work. (D) It causes role ambiguity for followers

It causes role ambiguity for followers

Which of the following statements is incorrect concerning reflective listening?

Reflective listening emphasizes more strongly the role of the communicator.

_____ is the set of authority and task relations among a group's members.

Status structure

10. _____ combine the stability of managers with the visionary abilities of leaders in a synergistic way.

Strategic leaders

In the context of defensive tactics, restricting the choices of employees is an example of _____

a power play

For expert power to work, _____. (A) a target must trust that the expertise given is accurate. (B) the knowledge involved must be relevant and useful to an agent. (C) an agent and a target must agree that the agent has the right to influence the target. (D) an agent's perception of a target as an expert is crucial

a target must trust that the expertise given is accurate

A gateway through the gender barrier to communication is to:​

actively seek clarification of a person's meaning.

In the context of political behavior in organizations, _____ encourages political activity.​

autocratic decision making​

The power not only to control emotions but also to perceive them is termed: a. self-awareness. b. emotional intelligence. c. disciplined empathy. d. perfunctoriness.

b

An organization in which the national issues supersede the global viewpoint is a transnational organization. a. True b. False

b. False

Unlike managers, leaders:

believe goals arise from desire and imagination.

In the context of the Vroom-Yetton-Jago normative decision model, the term _____ means that a manager makes the decision alone and either announces it or "sells" it to the group. (A) decide (B) facilitate (C) consult (D) delegate

decide

A guideline for the ethical use of legitimate power is that managers should inform subordinates of rules and penalties.​

false

Coercive power is power based on an agent's ability to control rewards that a target wants, such as salary increases, bonuses, and promotions.​

false

63. In the context of empowerment, _____ is a fit between a work role and an employee's values and beliefs.

meaning

In the context of empowerment, _____ is a fit between a work role and an employee's values and beliefs.

meaning

13. In the rational model of decision making, the decision maker strives to:

optimize.

Seating arrangements and dynamics can be examined in a _____ study.​

proxemics

8. Unlike leaders, managers:

seek moderate risk through coordination and balance.

_____ issues include goals and objectives, operating guidelines, performance measures, and role specification.

*Work team structure* (Work team structure issues include goals and objectives, operating guidelines, performance measures, and role specification. A work team's goals and objectives specify what must be achieved, while the operating guidelines set the organizational boundaries and decision-making limits within which the team must function.)

A wild turkey in a top management team is:

*a devil's advocate who challenges the thinking of the CEO and other top executives.* (The presence of a wild turkey in the top management team can be a particularly positive force. The wild turkey is a devil's advocate who challenges the thinking of the CEO and other top executives and provides a counterpoint during debates. If not shouted down or inhibited, the wild turkey helps the CEO and the team sustain peak performance and retard the CEO's dysfunction and decline.)

Two of the important process issues in work teams are the managing of cooperative behaviors and the managing of _____.​

*competitive behaviors* (Two of the important process issues in work teams are the managing of cooperative behaviors and the managing of competitive behaviors. Both sets of behaviors are helpful in task accomplishment, and they should be viewed as complementary.)

The advantages of culturally diverse groups appear to include the generation of more and better ideas while limiting the risk of _____.

*groupthink​* (A recent study found that the performance of top management teams was greatly increased when the CEO had numerous shared experiences with executives from other companies and cultures. The advantages of culturally diverse groups appear to include the generation of more and better ideas while limiting the risk of groupthink.)

According to the group development model proposed by Warren Bennis and Herbert Shepard, the task issues that are addressed by a group include:

*the mission of the group.* (The task issues include the mission or purpose of the group, the methods the group employs, and the outcomes expected of the group. One logical group development model proposed by Warren Bennis and Herbert Shepard delineates four stages following the group's formation: mutual acceptance, decision making, motivation and commitment, and control and sanctions)

According to the group development model proposed by Warren Bennis and Herbert Shepard, which of the following issues does a group address?​

*​Interpersonal issues, task issues, and authority issues* (According to the group development model, a group addresses three issues: interpersonal issues, task issues, and authority issues. The interpersonal issues include matters of trust, personal comfort, and security. The task issues include the mission or purpose of the group, the methods the group employs, and the outcomes expected of the group. The authority issues include decisions about who is in charge, how power and influence are managed, and who has the right to tell whom to do what)

Which of the following statements is true of teams?

*​They make the most significant contributions to organizations when members can put aside individual interests in favor of unity.* (Teams make the most significant contributions to organizations when members can put aside individual interests in favor of unity. This joint action is called teamwork. When knowledge, talent, and abilities are dispersed across numerous workers and require an integrated effort for task accomplishment, teamwork is often the only solution)

In the context of work team processes, cooperative teamwork skills:

*​include open communication, trust, personal integrity, positive interdependence, and mutual support.* (Cooperative teamwork skills include open communication, trust, personal integrity, positive interdependence, and mutual support. On the other hand, positive competitive teamwork skills include the ability to enjoy competition, play fair, and be a good winner or loser; to have access to information for monitoring where the team and members are in the competition; and not to overgeneralize or exaggerate the results of any specific competition.)

In the context of diversity, a challenger is a team member who:

*​is the devil's advocate who questions everything from the group's mission, purpose, and methods to its ethics.* (The challenger is the devil's advocate who questions everything from the group's mission, purpose, and methods to its ethics. Members may exhibit one or more of these four basic styles over a period of time)

Social loafing:​

*​may create a drag on a group's efforts and achievements.* (Social loafing may create a real drag on the group's efforts and achievements. Some scholars argue that social loafing, also known as free riding, is a rational response to feelings of inequity or situations in which individual efforts are hard to observe.)

Which of the following approaches to stress is the fight-or-flight response most closely associated with?

The homeostatic/medical approach

Role senders

The individuals who place expectations on the person

In the context of the Leadership Grid, which of the following is true of the country club manager?

The leader's goal is to keep people happy through good interpersonal relations, which are more important to him or her than the task.

In the context of interpersonal communication, which of the following is the conceptual component of a message? The message's content The message's affect The receiver's attitude toward the message The communicator's gestures

The message's content

Jurisdictional Ambiguities

The presence of unclear lines of responsibility within an organization. Classic situation involves the hardware/software dilemma.

What percent of the meaning in a message can be conveyed by nonverbal communication?

65 to 90

In the context of decision making, which of the following is a limitation that is shared by the rational model, the bounded rationality model, and the Z problem-solving model?

A decision maker's unwillingness to abandon a bad decision.

A person or event that triggers the stress response is known as _____.​

A demand

Functional Conflict

A healthy, constructive disagreement between two or more people. Can provide new ideas, learning and growth among individuals; improve working relationships; improve morale. ENCOURAGES CREATIVITY- translates into increased productivity. Key to recognizing:is often cognitive in origin; arises from someone challenging old policies or thinking of new ways to approach problems. Stimulate this when groupthink occurs

Barbra has a meeting with a coworker about a project. She wants to encourage cooperation from her coworker so that he, too, feels committed to the project. Given this information, which of the following seating arrangements will most likely help Barbra achieve her purpose? Barbra must sit directly across from her coworker. Barbra must seat her coworker at a right angle to herself. Barbra must seat her coworker within her zone of intimate space. Barbra must sit beside her coworker, facing the same direction.

Barbra must sit beside her coworker, facing the same direction.

Barbra has a meeting with a coworker about a project. She wants to encourage cooperation from her coworker so that he, too, feels committed to the project. Given this information, which of the following seating arrangements will most likely help Barbra achieve her purpose?

Barbra must sit next to her coworker, facing the same direction.

____ are groups in which two or more members represent each of two distinct cultures.

Bicultural groups Bicultural groups are groups in which two or more members represent each of two distinct cultures. On the negative side, diversity within a group may increase the uncertainty, complexity, and inherent confusion in group processes, making it more difficult for the group to achieve its full productivity.

Which of the following is a communication medium that is moderate in both information richness and data capacity?

Blog

Which of the following is a communication medium that is moderate in both information richness and data capacity? Telephones Blogs Face-to-face discussions Formal numeric reports

Blogs

Defense Mechanisms

Common response to interpersonal conflict

42. In the context of defense mechanisms, which of the following is an example of a compromise mechanism?

Compensation

Compromise mehanisms

Compensation, identification, rationalization Used by individuals to make the best of a conflict situation

_____ are the first set of skills required for empowerment in an organization.

Competence skills

Strategies to deal with Conflict

Competitive=founded on assumptions of win-lose and entails dishonest communication, mistrust, and a rigid position form both parties Cooperative=founded on different assumptions: the potential for win-win outcomes, honest communication, trust, openness to risk and vulnerability, and the notion that the whole may be greater than the sum of the parts.

Intergroup Conflict

Conflict that occurs between groups or teams in an organization. Conflict can have positive effects. "Us against them mentality" Competition between groups much be managed carefully so that it does not escalate into dysfunctional conflict.

Administrative orbiting

Delaying action on a conflict by buying time, usually by telling the individuals involved that the problem is being worked on or that the boss is still thinking about the issue.

Emotions

Emotions of the parties involved in conflict play a pivotal role in how they perceive any type of negotiation and therefore how they respond to one another.

Seek & Swipe, a website for online shopping, decides to inform its ten most loyal customers about discounts offered on its latest product offerings. In order to maximize information richness in its message, which of the following communication media will Seek and Swipe most likely use?

Face-to-face discussions

A tenet of charismatic leadership is that work exists for the person as much as the person exists for work and that charismatic leaders try to find out the will of the group and lead based on that. (A) True (B) False

False

All groups are work teams.

False

Coercive power is power based on an agent's ability to control rewards that a target wants, such as salary increases, bonuses, and promotions. (A) True (B) False

False

Early evidence shows that men tend to use a more people-oriented style that is inclusive and empowering than do women. (A) True (B) False

False

Effective followers need close supervision. (A) True (B) False

False

Effective supervisors refrain from voicing their opinions in meetings

False

Empowerment should begin with job context and proceed to job content. (A) True (B) False

False

Every person has the same threshold as to the amount of stress he or she can take before they break down.

False

From the perspective of the Situational Leadership model, the basic role of the leader is to clear the follower's path to the goal. (A) True (B) False

False

George, a line cook at a fast-food restaurant, has been flipping burgers for more than 5 years at the same place. The management does not wish to change his position or give him a promotion. Due to this, George begins to experience apathy, and his job performance suffers. In this scenario, George is experiencing a psychological response to job stress called burnout.

False

Groups emphasize shared leadership, mutual accountability, and collective work products.

False

Incubation means seeking out new experiences and opportunities to learn because creativity grows from a base of knowledge. (A) True (B) False

False

Individual dissimilarity in age and performance, as well as functional diversity within a team, negatively affects individual employees' creative behavior.

False

Individuals with higher self-esteem and those who are given an opportunity to affirm an important value are less likely to de-escalate. (A) True (B) False

False

People who have hardy personalities resist strain reactions when subjected to stressful events more effectively than do people who are not hardy.

False

Those prone to making risky decisions are less likely to take the lead in group discussions. (A) True (B) False

False

To use reward power effectively, employees must believe that a manager has the right to tell them what to do. (A) True (B) False

False

Transactional leaders inspire and excite followers to high levels of performance. (A) True (B) False

False

Transformational leadership results when a leader uses the force of personal abilities and talents to have profound and extraordinary effects on followers. (A) True (B) False

False

Two-way communication is faster than one-way communication and should be used in an emergency situation.

False

Type B behavior pattern includes social status insecurity and aggression.

False

Upper echelon theory argues that the background characteristics of the top management team cannot predict organizational characteristics and unique characteristics throughout an organization.

False

When both men and women witness political behavior, they view it negatively if the agent is of their gender and the target is of the opposite gender. (A) True (B) False

False

When individuals in a group are racially dissimilar, they engage in less open information sharing. (A) True (B) False

False

48. _____ is a withdrawal mechanism for managing interpersonal conflict that provides an escape from the conflict through daydreaming.

Fantasy

29. Which of the following preferences is used in the final step of the Z problem-solving model to determine how the people involved will be affected?

Feeling

Which of the following preferences is used in the final step of the Z problem-solving model to determine how the people involved will be affected? (A) Feeling (B) Sensing (C) Intuiting (D) Thinking

Feeling

32. _____ proposes that the fit between a leader's need structure and the favorableness of the leader's situation determines the team's effectiveness in work accomplishment.

Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership

_____ is at the core of personal integrity and managerial success, as is evident in the lives of most successful executives.

Healthy communication

_____ was one of the first people to identify the relaxation response as the natural counterresponse to stress.

Herbert Benson

22. _____ are shortcuts in decision making that save mental activity.

Heuristics

49. _____ is the process of affecting the thoughts, behavior, or feelings of another person.

Influence

55. Which of the following influence tactics is often used on bosses to get them to evaluate employees more favorably?

Ingratiation

56. _____ is the extent to which a leader is able to articulate a vision that is appealing to followers.

Inspirational motivation

64. _____ is an approach in which the goals of the parties involved in a conflict are not seen as mutually exclusive, but the focus is on both sides achieving their objectives.

Integrative negotiation

23. _____ occurs when a person experiences conflict among the multiple roles in his or her life.

Intrarole conflict

26. _____ arises when a person receives conflicting messages from role senders about how to perform a certain role.

Intrarole conflict

27. In the context of the Z problem-solving model, which of the following preferences is used to generate alternatives?

Intuiting

_____ has been described as the ability to know or recognize quickly and readily the possibilities of a situation. (A) Preparation (B) Intuition (C) Verification (D) Illumination

Intuition

_____ is a fast, positive force in decision making that is utilized at a level below consciousness and involves learned patterns of information.

Intuition

Which of the following is a negative consequence of conflict in an organization? (A) It breaks down group cohesion. (B) It translates into increased productivity. (C) It is cognitive in origin. (D) It motivates change

It breaks down group cohesion

6. Which of the following is a negative consequence of conflict in an organization?

It breaks down group cohesion.

Which of the following statements is true of reward power? (A) It is effective when managers are not explicit about the behavior being rewarded and do not make the connection clear between the behavior and the reward. (B) It is based on interpersonal interaction. (C) It can lead to better performance, but only as long as an employee sees a clear and strong link between performance and rewards. (D) It has the strongest relationship with performance and satisfaction.

It can lead to better performance, but only as long as an employee sees a clear and strong link between performance and rewards

Which of the following statements is true of reward power?​

It can lead to better performance, but only as long as an employee sees a clear and strong link between performance and rewards.​

20. Which of the following is true of the laissez-faire leadership style?

It causes role ambiguity for followers.

Which of the following statements is true of reflective listening? It emphasizes the personal elements of the communication process. It requires the receiver to influence the speaker with his or her personal opinion. It stresses more strongly on the role of the speaker rather than the receiver. It ignores the feelings communicated in the message.

It emphasizes the personal elements of the communication process.

Which of the following statements is true of functional conflict? (A) It can often lead to aggressive acts specifically directed at peers. (B) It is emotional and behavioral in origin. (C) It helps individuals develop a better awareness of themselves. (D) It takes the focus away from the work to be done

It helps individuals develop a better awareness of themselves

7. Which of the following statements is true of functional conflict?

It helps individuals develop a better awareness of themselves.

25. In the context of decision making, which of the following is true of Z problem-solving model?

It helps managers use both preferences and nonpreferences to make decisions more effectively.

32. In the context of managing intrapersonal conflicts, which of the following is true of role analysis?

It helps to reduce role ambiguity.

Which of the following is true of transformational coping? It provides only a short-term solution to stress. It helps to reduce stress by modifying one's perception of an event. It helps to reduce stress through decreased interaction with the environment. It leads to unhealthy, long-term life adjustments.

It helps to reduce stress by modifying one's perception of an event.

Which of the following statements is true of negotiation? (A) It is a way of opening dialogue between groups that have difficulty communicating. (B) It helps groups realize their similarities rather than their differences. (C) It involves an open discussion of problem solutions. (D) It is delaying action on a conflict by buying time

It involves an open discussion of problem solutions

60. In the context of conflict management, which of the following statements is true of negotiation?

It involves an open discussion of problem solutions.

Which of the following is an assumption of intuition? (A) It involves learned patterns of information. (B) It is used at a level above consciousness. (C) It is a negative force in decision making. (D) It is slow

It involves learned patterns of information

Which of the following is true of distributive bargaining? (A) It causes negotiators to focus on their similarities. (B) It is a competitive, win-lose approach to negotiations. (C) It allows members from different departments to work together. (D) It is a style low on both assertiveness and cooperativeness

It is a competitive, win-lose approach to negotiations

61. In the context of conflict management, which of the following is true of distributive bargaining?

It is a competitive, win-lose approach to negotiations.

Which of the following best defines emotional exhaustion? It is a physical response to job stress. It is a form of psychological fatigue caused by energy depletion. It is a physical ailment with psychological origins. It is a psychological distress caused by a lack of challenge on the job.

It is a form of psychological fatigue caused by energy depletion.

53. Which of the following best defines due process nonaction?

It is a procedure set up to address conflicts that is so costly, time-consuming, or personally risky that no one will use it.

Which of the following is true of coercive power?

It is based on an agent's ability to cause a target to have an unpleasant experience.

14. Which of the following is true of legitimate power?

It is based on an agent's position and mutual agreement with a target.

65. In the context of empowerment, which of the following best defines self-determination?

It is having control over the way one does work.

In the context of role stress at work, which of the following is true of role ambiguity? It is caused by opposing expectations related to a single role. It is the result of inconsistent or incompatible expectations. It is concerned with one's decision-making ability that influences work outcomes. It is the confusion a person experiences in relation to the expectations of others.

It is the confusion a person experiences in relation to the expectations of others.

62. Which of the following is most likely to be true of negative feedback in a problem-solving format?

It tends to bring about a closer employee-boss relationship.

Which of the following is most likely to be true of negative feedback in a problem-solving format?

It tends to bring about a closer employee-boss relationship.

Which of the following is a possible drawback of diversity within a work group?

Lack of certainty

_____, the quality of interpersonal relationships among a leader and the group members, is measured by the Group-Atmosphere Scale. (A) Nonprogrammed decisions (B) Reality-distortion fields (C) Programmed decisions (D) Leader-member relations

Leader-member relations

5. Which of the following is a difference between leaders and managers?

Leaders agitate for change and new approaches, whereas managers advocate stability and the status quo.

1. _____ in organizations is the process of guiding and directing the behavior of people in the work environment.

Leadership

_____ enhance togetherness, cooperation, and teamwork, enabling members to achieve psychological intimacy while furthering the success of a team.

Maintenance functions Maintenance functions enhance togetherness, cooperation, and teamwork, enabling members to achieve psychological intimacy while furthering the success of the team. Maintenance functions are those activities essential to the effective, satisfying interpersonal relationships within a group or team.

Which of the following is an assumption of the bounded rationality model? (A) Managers are aware of all the possible alternatives. (B) Managers have a consistent system of preferences, which is used to choose the best alternative. (C) Managers can calculate the probability of success for each alternative. (D) Managers develop shortcuts, called heuristics, to make decisions in order to save mental activity

Managers develop shortcuts, called heuristics, to make decisions in order to save mental activity

Which of the following is an assumption of the bounded rationality model?

Managers develop shortcuts, called heuristics, to make decisions in order to save mental activity.

19. Identify an assumption of the bounded rationality model of decision making.

Managers make decisions by rules of thumb, or heuristics.

Identify an assumption of the bounded rationality model of decision making.

Managers make decisions by rules of thumb, or heuristics.

17. Which of the following is an assumption of the bounded rationality model?

Managers select the first alternative that is satisfactory.

Which of the following is an assumption of the bounded rationality model?

Managers select the first alternative that is satisfactory.

68. According to Jay Conger, which of the following is a guideline on how managers can empower employees in an organization?

Managers should encourage employees to take responsibility for goals.

According to Jay Conger, which of the following is a guideline on how managers can empower employees in an organization?​

Managers should set inspirational or meaningful goals.

_____ are groups in which members represent three or more ethnic backgrounds.

Multicultural groups Multicultural groups are groups in which members represent three or more ethnic backgrounds. On the negative side, diversity within a group may increase the uncertainty, complexity, and inherent confusion in group processes, making it more difficult for the group to achieve its full productivity.

Confronting and Negotiating

Negotiation=joint process of finding a mutually acceptable solution to a complex conflict. 2 major approaches: distributive bargaining and integrative negotiation.

63. Which of the following is a symptom of groupthink?

Peer pressure

_____ is an important secondary stress prevention activity for individuals. Time management Leisure time activities Learned optimism Physical exercise

Physical exercise

Communication Barriers

Physical separation and language can create distortions in messages and those can lead to conflict. Another example=judgement

_____ are a form of written communication that establish guidelines for decision making and codes of conduct in organizations. Memorandums Subpoenas Policy manuals Legal notices

Policy manuals

46. _____ refers to actions not officially sanctioned by an organization that are taken to influence others in order to meet one's personal goals.

Political behavior

57. _____ refers to the ability to get things done through favorable interpersonal relationships outside formally prescribed organizational mechanisms.

Political skill

_____ refers to the ability to get things done through favorable interpersonal relationships outside formally prescribed organizational mechanisms.

Political skill

_____ include the ability to be a good winner or loser and to have access to information for monitoring where the team and members are in the competition.

Positive competitive teamwork skills

3. Which of the following is a difference between power and authority?

Power is the ability to influence while authority is the right to influence another person.

Which of the following is the last step of the GP3 method of time management? Praising oneself for specific achievements along the way Prioritizing goals in terms of their relative importance Setting goals that are challenging yet attainable Planning for goal attainment through specific tasks

Praising oneself for specific achievements along the way

MaxSpeed, a car accessories company, sees an increase in demand for its seat covers. To cater to the rising demand, Steve, the manager at the tailoring department of MaxSpeed, demands that all the employees must complete 150 products per day as opposed to the previous target of 100 products per day. He also threatens to reduce the salaries of employees who fail to meet the new target. In this scenario, which of the following influence tactics does Steve use?

Pressure tactic

_____ is characterized by a passive avoidance of events and decreased interaction with the environment. Transformational coping Interrole conflict Regressive coping Intrarole conflict

Regressive coping

40. _____ is the tendency to choose options that entail fewer risks and less uncertainty.

Risk aversion

_____ is the tendency to choose options that entail fewer risks and less uncertainty.

Risk aversion

37. _____ is a conflict evident for middle managers in which conflicting expectations are placed on the manager from bosses and employees.

Role conflict

Personal Factors

Skills and Abilities, Personalities, Perceptions, Values and Ethics, Emotions, Communication Barriers, Cultural Differences

57. _____ are simple rules used to determine final group decisions.

Social decision schemes

Status Inconsistencies

Some organizations have a strong status difference between management and non-management workers. Managers may enjoy privileges that are not available to non-management employees and that may result in resentment and conflict.

Structural factors

Specialization, Interdependence, Common resources, Goal differences, authority relationships, status inconsistencies, jurisdictional ambiguities.

38. Which of the following is a method of reducing escalation of commitment?

Splitting the responsibility for project decisions

Which of the following statements is true of the person-environment fit approach to stress?​

Stress occurs when the role expectations are confusing and/or conflict with one's skills and abilities.

Identify the term used to define disconnections between members within a work team.

Structural holes

_____ is a positive force that occurs in groups when group members are stimulated to produce new solutions to problems through the process of mutual influence and encouragement within the group.

Synergy

Which of the following is true of people who use referent power?

They are most often individualistic and respected by their targets.

Which of the following is true of norms of behavior in a group?

They are the standards that a work group uses to evaluate the behavior of its members.

40. Which of the following is true of Rosabeth Moss Kanter's symbols of power?

They are useful in helping people in trouble.

Which of the following is true of optimistic people?

They avoid distress by framing the difficult times in their lives as temporary.

Which of the following is true of optimistic people? They are unlikely to face adversity with hope. They refuse to take credit for the good events in their lives. They are less likely to use proactive coping skills to achieve goals. They avoid distress by framing the difficult times in their lives as temporary.

They avoid distress by framing the difficult times in their lives as temporary.

According to Korda, which of the following is true of managers who are really secure in their power? (A) They believe that nothing important can happen without them. (B) They have a fairly free calendar. (C) They take a favorable view of political behavior. (D) They are dissatisfied with their jobs

They believe that nothing important can happen without them

According to Korda, which of the following is true of managers who are really secure in their power?​

They believe that nothing important can happen without them.

In the context of positive versus negative power, which of the following is true of dissenters? (A) They can serve as checks on powerful people outside an organization. (B) They can prevent the exposure of wrongdoings within an organization. (C) They can sway employees in favor of an organization. (D) They can create a climate conducive to the ethical use of power

They can create a climate conducive to the ethical use of power

37. In the context of positive versus negative power, which of the following is true of dissenters?

They can create a climate conducive to the ethical use of power within an organization.

In the context of positive versus negative power, which of the following is true of dissenters?​

They can create a climate conducive to the ethical use of power.​

Which of the following is true of individuals with Type B personality? They do not appear to recover from heart attacks as well as those with Type A personalities. They exhibit behavioral characteristics such as competitiveness, time urgency, and social status insecurity. They are aggressive and hostile and demonstrate a quest for achievements. They fail to recognize individuals with Type A personality.

They do not appear to recover from heart attacks as well as those with Type A personalities.

Which of the following statements is true of work teams?

They emphasize collective work products. Work teams emphasize shared leadership, mutual accountability, and collective work products. Groups emphasize individual leadership, personal accountability, and exclusive work products.

Which of the following statements is true of groups?

They emphasize personal accountability.

9. Which of the following is true of leaders?

They engage in a struggle for a sense of order in life.

Which of the following is true of quality circles? (A) They extend participative decision making into teams. (B) They are included in total quality management. (C) They are empowered to act on their own recommendations. (D) They are generated from the top down

They extend participative decision making into teams

Which of the following is true of quality circles?

They extend participative decision making into teams.

Which of the following is true of heuristics?

They help managers make decisions based on what has worked in past experiences.

Which of the following statements is true of defining moments? (A) They help people crystallize their values and serve as opportunities for personal growth. (B) They reduce the potential for conflict within a role or between roles. (C) They create healthy, constructive disagreements between two or more people. (D) They can arise from many individual differences, including personalities and perceptions

They help people crystallize their values and serve as opportunities for personal growth

30. Which of the following statements is true of defining moments?

They help people crystallize their values and serve as opportunities for personal growth.

Which of the following statements is true of leaders with high emotional intelligence? (A) They look for challenges and ways in which to add to their talents. (B) They use a more people-oriented style that is empowering. (C) They lose their effectiveness. (D) They make better decisions under high stress

They make better decisions under high stress

Which of the following is true of quality teams? (A) They emphasize the generation of ideas. (B) They operate in parallel fashion to an organization's structure. (C) They extend participative decision making into teams. (D) They make data-based decisions about improving product and service quality

They make data-based decisions about improving product and service quality

66. Which of the following is true of quality teams?

They make data-based decisions about improving product and service quality.

Which of the following statements is true of teams

They make the most significant contributions to organizations when members can put aside individual interests in favor of unity.

Which of the following is a guideline for managers for the ethical use of legitimate power?

They should exercise power consistently.

Which of the following is the first step that employees should take in managing their relationship with their boss? (A) They should try to understand as much as they can about their boss. (B) They should assess their own needs differently from the way they analyze their boss's needs. (C) They should not be dependent on their boss. (D) They should remember that their boss is not on the same team they are

They should try to understand as much as they can about their boss

61. Which of the following is the first step that employees should take in managing their relationships with their boss?

They should try to understand as much as they can about their boss.

Which of the following is true of self-managed teams? (A) They take on decisions and activities that traditionally belong to managers. (B) They have the ability to control rewards that a target wants. (C) They believe that the institution is important and that its authority system is valid. (D) They are comfortable influencing and being influenced

They take on decisions and activities that traditionally belong to managers

67. Which of the following is true of self-managed teams?

They take on decisions and activities that traditionally belong to managers.

Which of the following is true of self-managed teams?

They take on decisions and activities that traditionally belong to managers.

Which of the following is true of self-managed teams?​

They take on decisions and activities that traditionally belong to managers.

Which of the following is true of women managers? (A) They are less likely to use a people-oriented style. (B) They are dependent on position power to be effective leaders. (C) They make poor decisions and lose their effectiveness in stressful situations. (D) They tend to use a more people-oriented style that is inclusive and empowering

They tend to use a more people-oriented style that is inclusive and empowering

65. Which of the following is true of alienated followers?

They think independently and critically, yet are very passive in their behavior.

Team members might exercise care in timing the insertion of their novel ideas into the team process so as to maximize the positive impact and benefits.

True

The first studies of leadership attempted to identify what physical attributes, personality characteristics, and abilities distinguished leaders from other members of a group. (A) True (B) False

True

The glass cliff represents a trend in organizations wherein more women are placed in difficult leadership situations. (A) True (B) False

True

The sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine (hormone) system work together to trigger four mind-body changes that prepare a person for fight or flight.

True

Transparency in supervisors leads to increased trust among employees, which in turn, results in increased employee engagement.

True

Type B people often recognize Type A behavior and can help Type A individuals judge situations realistically.

True

When a person from one culture views people from another culture through the lens of a stereotype, he or she discounts the individual differences that exist within that foreign culture.

True

When negotiators begin to act based on emotions rather than on cognitions, they are less likely to resolve a conflict. (A) True (B) False

True

61. _____ refers to the willingness to be vulnerable to the actions of another and is an essential element in leadership.

Trust

____ refers to the willingness to be vulnerable to the actions of another and is an essential element in leadership.

Trust

All of the following are positive consequences of intergroup conflict except: a. decreased communication. b. decreased member detachment. c. increased task focus. d. increased group loyalty.

a

Conflict can be functional, or a positive force, in all of the following situations except: a. when it places the focus on the conflict itself and the parties involved. b. when it stimulates creativity out of a friendly rivalry. c. when it causes individuals or groups to better understand their contribution to the organization. d. when it motivates people to change.

a

In the context of negotiation,__________ is the approach in which the parties' goals are not seen as mutually exclusive, but the focus is on both sides achieving their objectives. a. integrative negotiation b. distributive bargaining c. resource expansion d. compromising

a

In which of the following situations can the avoiding style of conflict management be used? a. When an issue is trivial or more important issues are pressing b. When the benefits of resolution outweighs potential disruption c. When one perceives a chance of satisfying one's concerns d. When unpopular actions need to be implemented on important issues

a

A wild turkey in a top management team is:

a devil's advocate who challenges the thinking of the CEO and other top executives.

For expert power to work, _____.​

a target must trust that the expertise given is accurate.

Which of the following statements is true of cultures characterized by traditional masculinity? a. Achievement is admired. b. Quality of life is very important. c. People and the environment are emphasized. d. Relationships are valued.

a. Achievement is admired.

Which of the following is an early warning sign of workaholism? a. The inability to enjoy vacations and respites from work b. Choosing to work an extra job to earn more money c. Disinterest in home and family life d. A preference to be in the presence of co-workers instead of family

a. The inability to enjoy vacations and respites from work Some of the early warning signs of workaholism include overcommitment to work, inability to enjoy vacations and respites from work, preoccupation with work problems when away from the workplace, and insistence on working at home over weekends.

Which of the following is true of the women in the U.S. labor force? a. Their participation rate, as for men, has declined since 1999. b. They were not affected by the Great Recession. c. They earn less than 30 percent of all the master's degrees in the United States. d. Their share of authority has increased commensurately with their education.

a. Their participation rate, as for men, has declined since 1999.

In the context of ethnic diversity, which of the following statements is true of African American workers and Hispanic American workers in the United States? a. They are overrepresented in declining occupations. b. They are not likely to face economic difficulties. c. A majority of them have had schooling. d. They collectively constitute more than 25 percent of the total U.S. population.

a. They are overrepresented in declining occupations.

Which of the following is true of optimistic people? a. They avoid distress by framing the difficult times in their lives as temporary. b. They are unable to face adversity with hope. c. They refuse to take credit for the good events in their lives. d. They are less likely to use proactive coping skills to achieve goals.

a. They avoid distress by framing the difficult times in their lives as temporary. Optimistic people avoid distress by framing the difficult times in their lives as temporary, limited in scope, and often unavoidable. They see the good events in their lives as more pervasive and generalized.

In the context of age diversity, which of the following statements is true of younger workers? a. They may view older workers as resistant to change. b. They are more satisfied with their jobs than older workers. c. They are more committed to their organization than older workers. d. They strive for moral rights in the workplace.

a. They may view older workers as resistant to change.

Which of the following is a leading cause of work stress? a. Work-family conflicts b. Technological innovation c. Productive capacity d. Personal beliefs

a. Work-family conflicts Poor leadership, work-family conflicts, and sexual harassment are among the leading causes of work stress. Although experts do not always agree on its definition, stress, or the stress response, can be described as the unconscious preparation to fight or flee that a person experiences when faced with any demand.

An employee assistance program is: a. an individual prevention approach to stress reduction. b. a self-reliance approach to combating stress. c. an organizational approach to stress reduction. d. used by organizations to encourage Type A behavior pattern among employees.

a. an individual prevention approach to stress reduction. An employee assistance program (EAP) is an individual prevention approach to stress reduction. Employee assistance programs may be very helpful in referring employees to appropriate caregivers.

The person-environment fit approach to stress emphasized the: a. idea that confusing and conflicting expectations of a person in a social role create stress for that person. b. belief that effort will lead to performance. c. idea that stress is mostly determined by perception. d. idea that the fit between a person's self-image or concept and his ideal generates a huge amount of stress.

a. idea that confusing and conflicting expectations of a person in a social role create stress for that person. The person-environment fit approach to stress emphasized the idea that confusing and conflicting expectations of a person in a social role create stress for that person. Robert Kahn extended the approach to consider a person's fit in the environment.

According to Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative, _____. a. individuals should not be used as a means to an end b. individuals need not be treated with respect all the time c. people should be allowed to pursue what is in their economic self-interest d. the self-interest of human beings is the government's providence

a. individuals should not be used as a means to an end

An employee with a major sales presentation due on Monday and a sick child at home Sunday night is likely to experience _____. a. interrole conflict b. intrarole conflict c. person-role conflict d. role ambiguity

a. interrole conflict An employee with a major sales presentation due on Monday and a sick child at home Sunday night is likely to experience interrole conflict. Interrole conflict is caused by opposing expectations related to two separate roles assumed by the same individual, such as employee and parent.

According to Walter B. Cannon's _____ to stress, the body is designed with natural defense mechanisms to keep it in homeostasis. a. medical approach b. psychoanalytic approach c. cognitive appraisal approach d. person-environment fit approach

a. medical approach According to Walter B. Cannon's medical approach to stress, the body is designed with natural defense mechanisms to keep it in homeostasis. He was especially interested in the role of the sympathetic nervous system in activating a person under stressful conditions.

Managers feel that dealing with diversity is a paramount concern because of the need to: a. motivate varied work groups. b. increase power distance. c. decrease uncertainty avoidance. d. introduce competitive inertia.

a. motivate varied work groups.

Three major costs of organizational distress are: a. participation problems, performance decrements, and compensation awards. b. functional turnover, high performance, and compensation awards. c. functional turnover, increased production quality, and compensation awards. d. performance variation, participation problems, and compensation awards.

a. participation problems, performance decrements, and compensation awards. Three major costs of organizational distress are participation problems, performance decrements, and compensation awards. For instance, compensation awards are the organizational costs resulting from court awards for job distress.

Unlike people in cultures with high uncertainty avoidance, people in cultures with a low uncertainty avoidance _____. a. see conflict as constructive b. are not willing to take risks c. are concerned with security and tend to avoid conflict d. favor consensus instead of dissenting viewpoints

a. see conflict as constructive

People in cultures with high uncertainty avoidance: a. tend to avoid conflict. b. tolerate ambiguity better. c. tend to accept dissenting viewpoints. d. are more willing to take risks.

a. tend to avoid conflict.

In the context of the aging U.S. workforce, baby boomers: a. tend to regard the silent generation as complacent. b. are currently holding most leadership positions. c. are the most informed people in terms of technology. d. refrain from taking activist position regarding employee rights.

a. tend to regard the silent generation as complacent.

What were once called multinational organizations are now referred to as _____, indicating that the global viewpoint supersedes national issues. a. transnational organizations b. conventional organizations c. domestic organizations d. modern organizations

a. transnational organizations

Cultural differences between _____ are perceived as microcultural differences. a. two generations of Japanese people b. the people of two different continents c. two people from the same age group but from different countries d. a millennial from the United States and a baby boomer from Mexico

a. two generations of Japanese people

In the context of communication skills, good supervisors: are able to hear the emotional dimensions of messages. inhibit reflective listening. tend toward introversion. do not lay emphasis on psychological defenses of their employees.

are able to hear the emotional dimensions of messages.

The bounded rationality model assumes that managers:

are comfortable making decisions without determining all the alternatives.

In the context of followership, effective followers: (A) are courageous and credible. (B) are self-aggrandizing. (C) uncritically reinforce leaders' ideas. (D) require close supervision

are courageous and credible

A doctor asks a nurse to administer medication to a patient in a way that conflicts with the guidelines laid down by the hospital. This is an example of: a. interrole conflict. b. intrarole conflict. c. person-role conflict. d. social role conflict.

b

A negotiation approach where each party seeks to maximize its resources is called: a. recursive bargaining. b. distributive bargaining. c. spiral bargaining. d. collective bargaining.

b

A withdrawal mechanism that provides an escape from a conflict through daydreaming is known as: a. flight. b. fantasy. c. conversion. d. displacement.

b

Two machine operators disagree over the cause of an equipment breakdown. One thinks that the machine was overworked, while the other thinks that the machine was being manhandled. This conflict is based on differences in: a. authority relationships. b. perception. c. values and ethics. d. needs.

b

When one's values conflict with his/her job demands, this is _________conflict. a. intersender b. person-role c. work-home d. intrasender

b

_______ is the ability to see life from another person's perspective. a. Jurisdiction b. Empathy c. Incumbence d. Suboptimization

b

Consequential theories of ethics emphasize the character of the act itself, not its effects, in arriving at universal moral rights and wrongs. a. True b. False

b. False

Cultures characterized by individualism are tightly knit social frameworks in which individual members depend strongly on others and group decisions are valued and accepted. a. True b. False

b. False

In countries with a high power distance, people believe in minimizing inequality. a. True b. False

b. False

The glass ceiling is the degree to which a culture tolerates ambiguity and uncertainty. a. True b. False

b. False

_____ is a cultural orientation in which people belong to loose social frameworks and their primary concern is for themselves and their families. a. Collectivism b. Individualism c. Communitarianism d. Socialism

b. Individualism

Why does role negotiation have value as a stress-management method? a. It lets individuals negotiate for a much higher salary. b. It allows individuals to modify their work roles. c. It gives individuals the illusion of control over their roles. d. It ensures there is no discrimination between men and women.

b. It allows individuals to modify their work roles. The organizational development technique of role negotiation has value as a stress-management method because it allows individuals to modify their work roles. Role negotiation begins with the definition of a focal role within the organizational context.

Which of the following is a benefit of diversity management in the workplace? a. It leads to better communication. b. It enhances organizational flexibility. c. It leads to faster decision making. d. It helps in solving interpersonal conflicts.

b. It enhances organizational flexibility.

Which of the following is a potential problem of diversity in the workplace? a. It reduces organizational flexibility. b. It leads to lack of cohesiveness. c. It fails to aid marketing efforts. d. It inhibits innovation.

b. It leads to lack of cohesiveness.

Which of the following statements is true of Smith's doctrine of natural liberty? a. It states that the self-interest of human beings is the government's providence. b. It states that people should be allowed to pursue what is in their economic self-interest. c. An individual's inner character is the focus of this ethical concept. d. The character of an act is the focus of this ethical concept.

b. It states that people should be allowed to pursue what is in their economic self-interest.

Which of the following is true in societies with low power distance? a. Bosses are afforded more authority. b. People believe in minimizing inequality. c. People are highly threatened by one another. d. Titles are used and formality is the rule.

b. People believe in minimizing inequality.

Devon was in a plane crash and suffered quite a few injuries. For months afterward, he had nightmares about the event, and he was too scared to fly again. He avoided air travel after the accident as well as any discussions about flying or plane crashes. This helped him cope with the incident and prevent panic attacks. In the context of personality hardiness, which of the following characterizes Devon's behavior? a. Transformational coping b. Regressive coping c. Preventive stress management d. Self-reliance

b. Regressive coping In the context of personality hardiness, Devon's behavior can be characterized as regressive coping. It is characterized by a passive avoidance of events and decreased interaction with the environment.

_____ of ethics emphasize the character of an act itself, not its effects, in arriving at universal moral rights and wrongs. a. Consequential theories b. Rule-based theories c. Character theories d. Fact-based theories

b. Rule-based theories

Which of the following is true of the corporations that shatter the glass ceiling? a. They give men more importance than women. b. Their upper managers show support for the advancement of women. c. They incorporate systems to identify men with high potential for advancement. d. Their middle managers allocate lesser number of tasks to women than men.

b. Their upper managers show support for the advancement of women.

Which of the following statements is true of people in cultures with low uncertainty avoidance? a. They are not willing to take risks. b. They are comfortable with individual differences. c. They are concerned with security and tend to avoid conflict. d. They tend to seek consensus in an effort to moderate the threat of life's inherent uncertainty.

b. They are comfortable with individual differences.

Which of the following is most likely true of transnational organizations? a. They inhibit globalization. b. They employ a multicultural mix of workers. c. They are also called multidomestic organizations. d. They operate exclusively in their respective home countries.

b. They employ a multicultural mix of workers.

Which of the following is true of collectivistic managers? a. They focus on their individual goals. b. They seek to fit harmoniously within a group. c. They discourage employees from collaborating. d. They keep their families' best interests above their organizations'.

b. They seek to fit harmoniously within a group.

In the context of age diversity, which of the following statements is true of the baby boomers? a. They are also called the silent generation. b. They tend to strive for moral rights in the workplace. c. They are people born between 1965 and 1976. d. They struggle to integrate into a cohesive group.

b. They tend to strive for moral rights in the workplace.

Which of the following is true in countries with high power distance? a. Formality is not an obligation. b. Titles are used. c. People are less threatened by one another. d. People believe in minimizing inequality.

b. Titles are used.

Which of the following is a self-imposed personal demand? a. Child rearing b. Workaholism c. Civic duties d. Parental care

b. Workaholism Workaholism, a form of addiction, may be the most notable of stress-inducing demands. Some of the early warning signs of workaholism include overcommitment to work, inability to enjoy vacations and respites from work, preoccupation with work problems when away from the workplace, and insistence on working at home over weekends.

In the context of preventive stress management, _____ are designed to increase task motivation while reducing role conflict and ambiguity. a. role negotiations b. goal-setting activities c. social support systems d. team building sessions

b. goal-setting activities In the context of preventive stress management, goal-setting activities are designed to increase task motivation while reducing role conflict and ambiguity. Goal setting focuses a person's attention while directing energy into a productive channel.

A manager who presses employees for both very fast and high-quality work would likely cause: a. interrole conflict. b. intrarole conflict. c. person-role conflict. d. role ambiguity.

b. intrarole conflict. A manager who presses employees for both very fast and high-quality work would likely cause intrarole conflict. Intrarole conflict is caused by opposing expectations related to a single role.

According to the chief executive officers of U.S. corporations, _____ is a major challenge that managers must overcome to remain competitive. a. managing employees' personal finances b. leading a diverse workforce c. localizing a firm's operations d. anticipating changes in foreign currency valuations

b. leading a diverse workforce

Cultural relativism refers to the idea that: a. people should not be allowed to pursue what is in their economic self-interest. b. local standards guide ethical behavior. c. good is the ultimate moral value. d. good consequences do not always follow right actions.

b. local standards guide ethical behavior.

In societies with low power distance, _____. a. bosses are afforded more authority b. managers and employees judge each other on a basis of equality c. managers and employees see one another as fundamentally different kinds of people d. titles are used and formality is the rule

b. managers and employees judge each other on a basis of equality

In the context of the cognitive appraisal approach to stress, problem-focused coping emphasizes: a. managing the gap between the ego-ideal and the real self-image. b. managing the stressor. c. managing the response to stress. d. managing the set of role expectations.

b. managing the stressor. In the context of the cognitive appraisal approach to stress, problem-focused coping emphasizes managing the stressor. For example, students planning and preparing for exams would more likely use problem-focused coping.

Secondary prevention is intended to: a. reduce, modify, or eliminate the demand that is causing stress. b. modify an individual's or an organization's response to a demand. c. heal individual or organizational symptoms of distress and strain. d. eliminate key environmental sources of stress or provide direct intervention to reduce the source of stress.

b. modify an individual's or an organization's response to a demand. Secondary prevention is intended to modify an individual's or an organization's response to a demand or a stressor. Employees must learn to manage the inevitable, unalterable work stressors and demands to avert distress and strain while improving health and well-being.

Costs of organizational distress such as absenteeism, tardiness, strikes, work stoppages, and turnover are known as _____. a. performance decrements b. participation problems c. interrole problems d. intrarole conflicts

b. participation problems Costs of organizational distress such as absenteeism, tardiness, strikes, work stoppages, and turnover are known as participation problems. In the case of absenteeism, an organization may compensate by hiring temporary personnel who take the place of the absentee, possibly elevating personnel costs.

A manager instructs an employee to ship an item with a minor defect to a customer in violation of the employee's personal values. This is an example of: a. role ambiguity. b. person-role conflict. c. interrole conflict. d. non-role conflict.

b. person-role conflict. This is an example of person-role conflict. Employees expected to behave in ways that violate personal values, beliefs, or principles experience this type of conflict.

Which of the following defense mechanisms takes the form of aggressive behavior directed at someone else who is not the source of a conflict? a. Conversion b. Identification c. Displacement d. Fixation

c

_____ includes crude comments or sexual jokes and behaviors that convey hostility toward a particular gender. a. Gender coercion b. Sexual exploitation c. Gender harassment d. Sexual abuse

c. Gender harassment

Which of the following statements is true of corporate social responsibility? a. Organizations are not obliged to behave ethically in their social environment. b. Ethical conduct at the organizational level can translate into social responsibility at the individual level. c. Multiple stakeholders expect organizations to engage in socially responsible actions. d. Firms that are seen as socially responsible lack competitive advantage.

c. Multiple stakeholders expect organizations to engage in socially responsible actions.

The _____ eliminated the heavy tariffs placed by Mexico on U.S. exports and provided that the remaining tariffs be phased out over time. a. G-3 Free Trade Agreement b. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade c. North American Free Trade Agreement d. ASEAN Free Trade Area

c. North American Free Trade Agreement

_____, a way of managing stressful events, may lead to short-term stress reduction at the cost of healthy, long-term life adjustment. a. Transformational coping b. Counterdependence c. Regressive coping d. Stress avoidance

c. Regressive coping Regressive coping, a way of managing stressful events, may lead to short-term stress reduction at the cost of healthy, long-term life adjustment.

Which of the following is true of individuals who possess Type A personality? a. They are socially secure. b. They are less prone than Type B personalities to heart attacks. c. They are aggressive, hostile, and demonstrate a quest for achievements. d. They tend to be relatively calm when faced with difficult situations at work.

c. They are aggressive, hostile, and demonstrate a quest for achievements. Type A behavior pattern is a combination of personality and behavioral characteristics that include competitiveness, time urgency, social status insecurity, aggression, hostility, and a quest for achievements.

_____ is the degree to which a culture tolerates ambiguity. a. Power distance b. Guanxi c. Uncertainty avoidance d. Kibbutzim

c. Uncertainty avoidance

Who among the following is most closely associated with the homeostatic/medical approach to stress? a. Richard Lazarus b. Harry Levinson c. Walter B. Cannon d. Robert Kahn

c. Walter B. Cannon Walter B. Cannon is most closely associated with the homeostatic/medical approach to stress. He believed the body was designed with natural defense mechanisms to keep it in homeostasis.

Which of the following is a difference between counterdependence and overdependence? a. Counterdependence is as a desperate attempt to achieve a sense of security through relationships, whereas overdependence is a rigid, dismissing denial of the need for other people. b. Counterdependence is an unhealthy, insecure pattern of behavior in relationships, whereas overdependence can be healthy for a relationship. c. When faced with stressful situations, counterdependent people withdraw, whereas overdependent people cling to other people in any way possible. d. Counterdependence is more common among women, whereas overdependence is seen most often in men.

c. When faced with stressful situations, counterdependent people withdraw, whereas overdependent people cling to other people in any way possible. When faced with stressful and threatening situations, counterdependent people withdraw. Overdependent people respond to stressful and threatening situations by clinging to other people in any way possible. Overdependence may be characterized as a desperate, preoccupied attempt to achieve a sense of security through relationships.

A person or event that triggers the stress response is known as _____. a. the Type A personality b. the Achilles' heel c. a demand d. a workaholic

c. a demand A person, or event that triggers the stress response is known as a demand. Stress itself can be described as the unconscious preparation to fight or flee that a person experiences when faced with any demand.

Healthy, normal stress is known as _____. a. distress b. strain c. eustress d. acute stress

c. eustress Healthy, normal stress is known as eustress. Eustress is a characteristic of healthy people; distress is not.

The _____ appears to use commitment, control, and challenge actively to engage in transformational coping when faced with stressful events. a. Type A personality b. overdependent personality c. hardy personality d. Type B personality

c. hardy personality The hardy personality appears to use commitment, control, and challenge actively to engage in transformational coping when faced with stressful events. Transformational coping is the active process of modifying one's perception of an event in order to reduce stress.

Learned optimism is: a. a secondary individual stress prevention method. b. the planning and prioritizing of tasks. c. is one of the five dimensions of positive organizational behavior. d. a strong Type A personality characteristic.

c. is one of the five dimensions of positive organizational behavior. Learned optimism is one of the five dimensions of positive organizational behavior. The other four dimensions are confidence/self-efficacy, hope, subjective well-being/happiness, and emotional intelligence.

Unlike in societies with a high power distance, in societies with a low power distance, _____. a. people believe in maximizing inequality b. employees refrain from bypassing the boss c. managers are given authority only if they have expertise d. managers and employees see one another as fundamentally different kinds of people

c. managers are given authority only if they have expertise

In cultures characterized by traditional femininity, _____. a. the quality of life is not considered important b. money and possessions are of paramount importance c. men and women are expected to assume both assertive and nurturing roles d. men are assumed to be tender and modest, whereas women are assumed to be tough and decisive

c. men and women are expected to assume both assertive and nurturing roles

Managers feel that dealing with diversity is a paramount concern because managers: a. have low uncertainty avoidance. b. must disregard customs and traditions. c. must communicate with employees who have different values. d. are given authority only if they have expertise.

c. must communicate with employees who have different values.

A manager's decision to increase worker control in a given task is an example of: a. individual prevention. b. secondary prevention. c. primary prevention. d. tertiary prevention.

c. primary prevention. A manager's decision to increase worker control in a given task is an example of primary prevention. True organizational stress prevention is largely primary in nature because it reduces the demands the organization places on the employee.

The stage in preventive stress management designed to heal individual or organizational symptoms of distress and strain is called: a. primary prevention. b. secondary prevention. c. tertiary prevention. d. job redesign.

c. tertiary prevention. The stage in preventive stress management designed to heal individual or organizational symptoms of distress and strain is called tertiary prevention. The symptoms may range from early warning signs (such as headaches or absenteeism) to more severe forms of distress (such as hypertension, work stoppages, and strikes).

In the context of competing in the global economy, globalization suggests that: a. the world's cultural diversity is of no significance to transnational organizations. b. the world is divided by borders and diverse cultures. c. the world is free from national boundaries and is borderless. d. an organization's nationality is held strongly in consciousness.

c. the world is free from national boundaries and is borderless.

African American workers and Hispanic American workers in the United States are less likely to be prepared to face severe economic difficulties and high crime rates in large cities because: a. their get paid drastically less than other ethnic groups. b. they have a lower population density than other ethnic groups. c. they have not had satisfactory on-the-job training. d. they are the most underutilized talents of the workforce.

c. they have not had satisfactory on-the-job training.

The globalization of business and changing demographic trends present organizations with a culturally diverse workforce, creating the challenge: a. to prepare women to contribute in organizations. b. to hire workers exclusively from one country. c. to harness the wealth of differences provided by cultural diversity. d. to take a more activist position regarding employee rights.

c. to harness the wealth of differences provided by cultural diversity.

A win-win style that is high on both assertiveness and cooperativeness is known as _____. (A) competing (B) accommodating (C) compromising (D) collaborating

collaborating

Nonverbal communication can be utilized in which of the following communication situations?

committee meeting

14. One of the causes of conflict related to an organization's structure is _____.

common resources

One of the causes of conflict related to an organization's structure is _____. (A) personalities (B) perceptions (C) cultural differences (D) common resources

common resources

49. In the context of conflict management strategies, the _____ is founded on assumptions like the potential for win-win outcomes, honest communication, trust, openness to risk and vulnerability, and the notion that the whole may be greater than the sum of the parts.

cooperative strategy

In the context of conflict management strategies, the _____ is founded on different assumptions: the potential for win-win outcomes, honest communication, trust, openness to risk and vulnerability, and the notion that the whole may be greater than the sum of the parts. (A) competitive strategy (B) cooperative strategy (C) compensating strategy (D) complaisant strategy

cooperative strategy

60. Managers can prevent negative consequences of political behavior by:

creating an atmosphere of open communication within organizations.

59. Using a _____ made up of members from different departments improves coordination and reduces delays by allowing many activities to be performed at the same time rather than sequentially.

cross-functional team

A problem associated with the equal versus equal power networks is: a. control versus autonomy. b. role conflict. c. role ambiguity. d. covert fighting for positions.

d

At a public hospital there is one doctor for neurology, one for cardiology, and another for orthopedics. The structural cause for conflict between these individuals would be: a. authority relationships. b. status inconsistencies. c. job interdependence. d. specialization.

d

EI is defined as: a. any situation in which incompatibility leads to disagreement or opposition between two or more parties. b. constructive agreement between two or more people. c. the negative side of emotional quality. d. the power to control one's emotions and perceive emotions in others.

d

One occasion in which managers should work to stimulate functional conflict is when: a. there has been a tendency to overuse the devil's advocate perspective. b. group members are not cohesive. c. there is only one source of conflict. d. there is an occurrence of groupthink.

d

Person-role conflicts: a. arise when a role sender requires an individual to perform contradictory or inconsistent roles. b. occur when individuals experience conflicts among the multiple roles in their lives. c. arise when a person feels similar degrees of attraction and repulsion towards two alternative courses of action. d. occur when individuals are expected to perform behaviors that clash with their beliefs or values.

d

The _________ style of conflict management is intermediate in both assertiveness and cooperativeness a. competing b. cooperating c. collaborating d. compromising

d

The key to managing conflict in a multicultural workforce is: a. to address the power distance issue. b. to bring each employee's skills and abilities at par with everyone else. c. to reduce interdependence among teams. d. to incorporate diversity training.

d

The________ strategy of conflict management is founded on the potential for win-win outcomes, honest communication, trust, openness to risk and vulnerability, and the notion that the whole may be greater than the sum of the parts. a. task-focused b. dual-concern c. competitive d. cooperative

d

To avoid dysfunctional conflicts in virtual teams, a manager should: a. make sure that face-to-face interactions are kept to a minimum. b. find out a good fit between the values of the individuals and the organization. c. make sure virtual team members have threaded discussions. d. ensure that the tasks of the virtual teams fit their methods of interacting.

d

Two departments in a university are engaged in a conflict because one had its budget cut. This is an example of conflict based on: a. jurisdictional ambiguity. b. interdependence. c. authority relationships. d. common resources.

d

When a person continually responds pessimistically to attempts at solving a problem, the person is displaying a defense mechanism called: a. identification. b. displacement. c. fixation. d. negativism.

d

When two departments are in conflict but are also facing a common threat, the ______ style of conflict management is most appropriate. A.competing b. accomodation c. compromising d. collaborating

d

Which of the following styles of conflict management results in both parties (persons or groups) to the dispute giving something up to reach an understanding? a. Collaborating b. Avoiding c. Accommodating d. Compromising

d

___________ is a competitive, or win-lose, approach to negotiations, in which the goals of one party are in direct conflict with the goals of the other party. a. Administrative orbiting b. Expanding resources c. Integrative negotiation d. Distributive bargaining

d

Which of the following statements is true of managing workplace diversity? a. It makes companies less competitive. b. It decreases intergenerational contact at work. c. It impairs employees' problem-solving abilities. d. It requires a thorough examination of employees' hidden assumptions.

d. It requires a thorough examination of employees' hidden assumptions.

_____ is the degree to which a culture accepts unequal distribution of power. a. Power ceiling b. Power deck c. Power norm d. Power distance

d. Power distance

Which of the following statements is true of the person-environment fit approach to stress? a. The stress response is ineffective in preparing a person to handle legitimate emergencies through peak performance. b. Students planning and preparing for exams would more likely use emotion-focused coping. c. The human body is designed with natural defense mechanisms to keep it in homeostasis. d. Stress occurs when the role expectations are confusing and/or conflict with one's skills and abilities.

d. Stress occurs when the role expectations are confusing and/or conflict with one's skills and abilities. According to the person-environment fit approach to stress, stress occurs when the role expectations are confusing and/or conflict with one's skills and abilities. After a period of this type of stress, one can expect to experience symptoms of strain such as depression.

Which of the following organizational stress prevention methods is a type of secondary prevention? a. Job redesign b. Role negotiation c. Goal setting d. Team building

d. Team building Two organizational stress prevention methods—team building and social support at work—are secondary prevention. Secondary prevention is intended to modify an individual's or an organization's response to a demand or stressor.

_____ is a transparent barrier that keeps women from rising above a certain level in organizations. a. Femininity b. A pitch deck c. Guanxi d. The glass ceiling

d. The glass ceiling

Which of the following approaches would a supervisor follow to effectively manage an employee who has Type A behavior pattern? a. The supervisor would frequently remind the employee about schedules and deadlines. b. The supervisor would try to maintain a certain level of conflict with the employee because this will stimulate higher performance. c. The supervisor would keep the employee very busy by adding tasks and projects to the person's workload. d. The supervisor would provide some training to the employee on working harmoniously in a team.

d. The supervisor would provide some training to the employee on working harmoniously in a team. The supervisor would provide some training about working harmoniously in a team in order to effectively manage an employee who has a Type A behavior pattern. There are two primary hypotheses concerning which part of the Type A behavior pattern is lethal. One suggests that the problem is time urgency, while the other suggests that it is hostility and aggression.

Which of the following statements is true of women in the workforce? a. They are not represented on standing committees. b. Their share of authority is increasing commensurately with their education. c. A majority of them occupy line positions in business. d. They receive fewer benefits than their male counterparts.

d. They receive fewer benefits than their male counterparts.

People who have _____ resist strain reactions when subjected to stressful events more effectively than do people who are not sturdy. a. overdependent personalities b. Type A personalities c. counterdependent personalities d. hardy personalities

d. hardy personalities People who have hardy personalities resist strain reactions when subjected to stressful events more effectively than do people who are not hardy. The components of personality hardiness are commitment, control, and challenge.

Role conflict results from: a. lack of control and poor leadership b. emotional toxins and role ambiguity. c. civic and volunteer work overload. d. inconsistent or incompatible expectations.

d. inconsistent or incompatible expectations. Role conflict results from inconsistent or incompatible expectations. The conflict may be an interrole, intrarole, or person-role conflict.

Self-reliance is a healthy, secure _____ pattern of behavior. a. overdependent b. counterdependent c. self-dependent d. interdependent

d. interdependent Self-reliance is a healthy, secure interdependent pattern of behavior. The concept of self-reliance was originally based on attachment theory.

In cultures characterized by traditional masculinity, _____. a. women should be assertive b. men should be modest c. women should be tough d. men should be decisive

d. men should be decisive

Diversity has garnered increasing attention in recent years largely because: a. understanding diversity results in more profits. b. the national issues are superseding global viewpoint. c. the practice of building networks for social exchange. d. of demographic changes in the working population.

d. of demographic changes in the working population.

An important secondary stress prevention activity for individuals is: a. time management. b. leisure time pursuits. c. learned optimism. d. physical exercise.

d. physical exercise. Different types of physical exercise are important secondary stress prevention activities for individuals. Colleges and universities often implement physical exercise through physical education classes, while military organizations implement it through fitness standards and regulated training.

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA): a. took effect in 1984. b. inhibited globalization after it came into effect. c. added new tariffs to the existing tariffs on U.S. exports. d. reduced trade barriers among United States, Canada, and Mexico.

d. reduced trade barriers among United States, Canada, and Mexico.

The job strain model suggests that: a. people participate in determining their work goals. b. low self-determination and self-reliance lead to a low-strain job. c. points of confusion and conflict become opportunities for clarification and resolution. d. the combination of stringent demands and restricted control leads to a high-strain job.

d. the combination of stringent demands and restricted control leads to a high-strain job. The job strain model suggests that the combination of stringent demands and restricted control leads to a high-strain job. A major goal in job redesign should be to increase worker control. In many cases, this reduces distress and strain without reducing productivity.

Role ambiguity is: a. caused by opposing expectations related to a single role. b. results from inconsistent or incompatible expectations. c. concerned with the social psychology of stress. d. the confusion a person experiences in relation to the expectations of others.

d. the confusion a person experiences in relation to the expectations of others. The second major cause of role stress is role ambiguity, which is the confusion a person experiences in relation to the expectations of others. Role ambiguity may be caused by misunderstanding what is expected, not knowing how to do it, or not knowing the result of failure to do it.

In the context of valuing diversity, which of the following is a difference between prejudice and discrimination? a.Prejudice is a cultural orientation in which people belong to loose social frameworks, whereas discrimination is a cultural orientation in which individuals belong to tightly knit social frameworks. b.Prejudice relates to the acceptance of the unequal distribution of power, whereas discrimination relates to the tolerance of ambiguity and uncertainty. c.Prejudice emphasizes results of behavior, whereas discrimination emphasizes the character of an individual. d.Prejudice is an attitude, whereas discrimination describes behavior.

d.Prejudice is an attitude, whereas discrimination describes behavior.

The rational model of decision making assumes that the: (A) decision maker has an inconsistent system of preferences. (B) decision maker is not aware of all the possible alternatives. (C) outcomes will be completely irrational. (D) decision maker can calculate the probability of success for each alternative

decision maker can calculate the probability of success for each alternative

According to a group development model, the authority issues that are addressed by a group include:

decisions about who is in charge.

29. When individuals have to choose between two or more things in which they believe, these decisions pose what may be thought of as _____.

defining moments

When intrapersonal conflicts challenge individuals to choose between right and right, the decision presents _____. (A) bending moments (B) defining moments (C) functional conflicts (D) dysfunctional conflicts

defining moments

62. In the context of conflict management techniques, sometimes _____ causes negotiators to focus so much on their differences that they ignore their common ground.

distributive bargaining

In the context of confronting and negotiating, sometimes _____ causes negotiators to focus so much on their differences that they ignore their common ground. (A) distributive bargaining (B) nonaction (C) integrative negotiation (D) secrecy

distributive bargaining

Anne, a manager, increases the salary of Susan, one of her employees, by 30 percent because she likes Susan. But for the others, she increases the salary by only 20 percent. In this scenario, Anne's behavior is unethical as it violates the criteria of: (A) individual rights. (B) utilitarian outcomes. (C) distributive justice. (D) principled dissent

distributive justice

12. According to the first studies of leadership, one of the leader personality characteristics is _____.

dominance

Passive-aggressive communication and behavior frequently end up as:

dominant defensive behavior

Malcolm, a senior editor at a publishing house, often loudly criticizes his subordinates in front of the other colleagues even when the subordinates are not at fault. This leaves them embarrassed and humiliated. He also unnecessarily swears and talks at elevated tones while expressing himself. It is evident that Malcolm exhibits _____ at his workplace.

dominant defensiveness

Jake, the CEO of WinWest Inc., launches a new product. Despite the product's persistent failure, he is unwilling to withdraw it from the market because he believes that the product will be profitable in the long term. This scenario is an example of _____.

escalation of commitment

The use of intuition may lead to more _____ as intuition allows an individual to take on another's role with ease. (A) effective decisions (B) heuristics (C) creativity (D) ethical decisions

ethical decisions

In contrast to groups with low levels of cohesion, groups with high levels of cohesion:

experience more work-related tensions and anxieties.

In the context of interpersonal power, _____ is called the power of future.​

expert power​

Integrated involvement is emotional and psychological closeness to other team or group members.

false . Integrated involvement is closeness achieved through tasks and activities. It results in enjoyment of work, social identity and self-definition, being valued for one's skills and abilities, opportunities for power and influence, conditional positive regard, and support for one's beliefs and values.

In the context of reflective listening, the practice of silence:

gives the listener time to sort his or her own thoughts and feelings from those of the speaker.

In the context of creativity, _____ occurs when an individual senses an insight for solving a problem. (A) incubation (B) illumination (C) verification (D) preparation

illumination

37. One of the reasons that escalation of commitment occurs is the:

illusion of having control on the future.

66. In the context of empowerment, _____ is the belief that one's job makes a difference within an organization.

impact

In the context of empowerment, _____ is the belief that one's job makes a difference within an organization.​

impact

36. In the context of power networks, conflict in high versus low power network can be managed by:

implementing a coaching and counseling style of leadership.

50. In _____, individuals use influence tactics to control others' opinions of them.

impression management

In _____, individuals use influence tactics to control others' impressions of them.​

impression management

27. Tess, a real estate broker, has access to details regarding houses for sale in her locality. Prospective buyers can approach Tess to inquire about the availability of houses and their rates. In this scenario, Tess exercises _____.

information power

In the context of social benefits to individuals, _____ is closeness achieved through tasks and activities

integrated involvement

16. Referent power is an elusive power that is based on _____.

interpersonal attraction between an agent and a target

24. Aaron, a student of Kellearn Elementary School, falls sick during school hours. Aaron's father, Martin, is immediately called to take Aaron home. Martin has an important meeting to attend at work and there is no one else available to take Aaron home. In this scenario, Martin most likely experiences _____.

interrole conflict

Aaron is studying in elementary school. He falls sick, and Martin, Aaron's father is immediately called to take Aaron home. Martin has an important meeting to attend at work and there is no one else available to take Aaron home. This is an example of _____. (A) interrole conflict (B) intrarole conflict (C) person-role conflict (D) interpersonal conflict

interrole conflict

Martha, an employee at Sunshillings, has been working on a project for the last two months. The project is going well and nearing completion. However, just the day before its delivery, her son falls sick. In this scenario, when dealing with both the situations, Martha is most likely to experience _____. interrole conflict person-role conflict role ambiguity intrarole conflict

interrole conflict

Persons from many other countries prefer to interact (in face-to-face situations) at a/an _____ distance.

intimate

Friends typically interact within the:

intimate zone

27. Priya, a software developer at SkillThink, is instructed by her team leader to minimize interaction with other team members. However, her project manager says that interacting with other team members can provide new insights for her projects. In this scenario, Priya most likely experiences _____.

intrarole conflict

Ben, a supervisor at Sensus Cars, urges his assembly line workers to build 100 cars in a month as opposed to the company's target of 80 cars a month. He also demands that the cars must be free from any manufacturing flaws. Ben's demands are likely to cause _____. interrole conflict intrarole conflict person-role conflict role ambiguity

intrarole conflict

Uma's department head asks her to socialize less with nonmanagement employees. Uma is also told by her project manager that she can be a better team member by socializing more with other nonmanagement team members. This is an example of _____. (A) interrole conflict (B) intrarole conflict (C) person-role conflict (D) interpersonal conflict

intrarole conflict

48. In the context of decision making, _____ has been described as the ability to know or recognize quickly and readily the possibilities of a situation.

intuition

In the context of decision making, _____ has been described as the ability to know or recognize quickly and readily the possibilities of a situation.

intuition

One-way communication in contrast to two-way communication:

is more efficient

Managers should stimulate functional conflict when their group: (A) is acting aggressively with peers. (B) exceeds any potential gain from the conflict. (C) relies on threats and verbal abuse to communicate. (D) is suspected to be suffering from groupthink

is suspected to be suffering from groupthink

In the context of diversity, a challenger is a team member who:

is the devil's advocate who questions everything from the group's mission, purpose, and methods to its ethics. The challenger is the devil's advocate who questions everything from the group's mission, purpose, and methods to its ethics. Members may exhibit one or more of these four basic styles over a period of time

The use of new information technologies reduces status differences as a barrier to communication because:

it encourages the formation of nonhierarchical working relationships

A key to recognizing a dysfunctional conflict is that: (A) it arises from thinking of new ways to approach problems. (B) it arises from someone challenging old policies. (C) it is often cognitive in origin. (D) it is often emotional or behavioral in origin

it is often emotional or behavioral in origin

8. A key to recognizing a dysfunctional conflict is that:

it is often emotional or behavioral in origin.

One social decision scheme is the _____, in which a group supports whatever position is taken by most of its members.

majority-wins rule

One social decision scheme is the _____, in which a group supports whatever position is taken by most of its members. (A) majority-wins rule (B) truth-wins rule (C) two-thirds-majority rule (D) first-shift rule

majority-wins rule

According to Walter B. Cannon's _____ to stress, the body is designed with natural defense mechanisms to keep it in homeostasis.

medical approach

The element of the communication model that contains the thoughts and feelings the communicator is attempting to elicit in the receiver is the:

message

Joseph speaks very rapidly. Even when he is normal, his colleagues mistake him to be nervous. In this scenario, Joseph's colleagues evidently make assumptions about him based on _____. metalanguage cues verbal cues facial expressions paralanguage cues

metalanguage cues

In the context of preventive stress management, secondary prevention is intended to: reduce or modify the demand that is causing stress. modify an individual's or an organization's response to a demand or stressor. heal individual or organizational symptoms of distress and strain. eliminate key environmental sources of stress.

modify an individual's or an organization's response to a demand or stressor.

In the context of the decision-making process, after a solution is implemented, the next step is to: (A) monitor the situation. (B) calculate the probability of success. (C) evaluate alternatives. (D) evaluate data

monitor the situation

In _____, the leader always chooses the leader behavior style that helps followers achieve their goals. (A) trait theory (B) inspirational leadership theory (C) path-goal theory (D) leader-member exchange theory

path-goal theory

The _____ assumes that leaders adapt their behavior and style to fit the characteristics of the followers and the environment in which they work.

path-goal theory

The _____ assumes that leaders adapt their behavior and style to fit the characteristics of the followers and the environment in which they work. (A) path-goal theory (B) trait theory (C) inspirational leadership theory (D) leader-member exchange theory

path-goal theory

According to McClelland, people who approach relationships with an exchange orientation often use _____ to ensure that they get at least their fair share-and often more-in the relationship. (A) personal power (B) social power (C) legitimate power (D) expert power

personal power

35. According to David McClelland, the two faces of power are:

personal power and social power.

In the context of personality, attitudes, and values, the left side of the brain is the center for _____. (A) creative functions (B) planning (C) incubation (D) innovative ideas

planning

In the context of situational favorableness, _____ refers to the authority associated with a leader's formal post in an organization.

position power

Enlarging an individual's zone of indifference is best accomplished with _____.

power

Enlarging an individual's zone of indifference is best accomplished with _____.​

power​

Cognitive style is defined as an individual's: (A) preferred method for gathering information and evaluating alternatives. (B) tendency to choose options that entail fewer risks and less uncertainty. (C) tendency to continue to support a failing course of action. (D) new, complex decision that requires a creative solution.

preferred method for gathering information and evaluating alternatives

39. Cognitive style is defined as an individual's:

preferred method for gathering information and evaluating alternatives.

Cognitive style is defined as an individual's:

preferred method for gathering information and evaluating alternatives.

In the context of influence tactics, _____ is used most often to get support from peers and superiors to change company policy. (A) rational persuasion (B) consultation (C) inspirational appeal (D) pressure

rational persuasion

37. In the context of contingency theories, recent research has shown that _____ encourage team learning and innovation, which helps products get to market faster.

relationship-oriented leaders

In the context of Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership, _____ are primarily gratified by developing good, comfortable interpersonal associations.

relationship-oriented leaders

In the context of Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership, _____ are primarily gratified by developing good, comfortable interpersonal relationships. (A) task-oriented leaders (B) relationship-oriented leaders (C) achievement-oriented leaders (D) laissez-faire leaders

relationship-oriented leaders

When a follower is unable but willing and confident to do a task, the leader can use the _____, in which there is high task behavior and high relationship behavior. (A) telling style (B) selling style (C) delegating style (D) participating style

selling style

A tenet of _____ is that work exists for the person as much as the person exists for work. (A) transactional leadership (B) abusive leadership (C) servant leadership (D) charismatic leadership

servant leadership

The Department of Labor has identified which interpersonal communication skill as being necessary for successful functioning in the workplace?

serving clients

In the context of political skill, _____ refers to an individual's ability to portray forthrightness and authenticity in all of his or her dealings.

sincerity

A four-foot-wide desk pushes business interactions into the _____.

social distance zone.

When compared to females, males are more likely to ____ at an earlier age. suffer from fatal health problems such as cardiovascular disorders overwork at the expense of personal life satisfaction acquire nonfatal but long-term health issues abuse alcohol as a coping mechanism

suffer from fatal health problems such as cardiovascular disorders

9. Managers should stimulate functional conflict when their group:

suffers from groupthink.

57. An organizational goal that is more important to both parties in a conflict than their individual or group goals is called a(n) _____.

superordinate goal

42. Jim, a manager at FocusConc, was under pressure from the company's management as his project was running behind schedule. As a result, Jim subjected his employees to close supervision. He also initiated a reduction in pay for employees who took leaves until the completion of the project. According to Rosabeth Moss Kanter, Jim's action displays:

symptoms of powerlessness

35. In the context of situational favorableness, _____ refers to the degree of clarity, or ambiguity, in the work activities assigned to a group.

task structure

In the context of Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership, _____ are primarily gratified by accomplishing tasks and getting work done. (A) task-oriented leaders (B) relationship-oriented leaders (C) achievement-oriented leaders (D) task structure-oriented leaders

task-oriented leaders

28. In the context of the Leadership Grid, the _____ works to motivate employees to reach their highest levels of accomplishment, is flexible, is responsive to change, and understands the need for change.

team manager

In the context of the Leadership Grid, the _____ works to motivate employees to reach their highest levels of accomplishment, is flexible, is responsive to change, and understands the need for change.

team manager

Molly, the store manager of a bakery, never fails to voice her opinions to her employees on various matters of the store. It's likely that Molly: tends toward introversion. tends toward extroversion. does not support interpersonal communication. lacks perceptual screens.

tends toward extroversion.

The stage in preventive stress management designed to heal individual or organizational symptoms of distress and strain is called _____. primary prevention secondary prevention tertiary prevention quaternary prevention

tertiary prevention

An employee-oriented leadership style leads to a work environment: (A) that focuses on relationships. (B) that focuses on getting things done. (C) that uses strong, directive actions to control the rules. (D) that is characterized by low task behavior and low relationship behavior

that focuses on relationships

Expert power has the strongest relationship with performance and satisfaction in comparison to the other forms of power.​

true

If a manager makes a request to his or her employee and the employee thinks that the manager has no right to make that request, then the request falls outside the employee's:​

zone of indifference.​

According to the group development model proposed by Warren Bennis and Herbert Shepard, which of the following issues does a group address?​

​Interpersonal issues, task issues, and authority issues

Which of the following statements is true of group cohesion?

​It can enhance job satisfaction for members and improve organizational productivity.

Which of the following statements is true of kinesics?

​It is the study of body movement and posture.

_____ are a form of written communication that establish guidelines for decision making and codes of conduct.

​Policy manuals

Which of the following is the last step of the GP3 method of time management?

​Praising oneself for specific achievements along the way

Devon was in a plane crash and suffered quite a few injuries. For months afterward, he had nightmares about the event, and he was too scared to fly again. He avoided air travel after the accident as well as any discussions about flying or plane crashes. This helped him cope with the incident and prevent panic attacks. In the context of personality hardiness, which of the following characterizes Devon's behavior?

​Regressive coping

Which of the following organizational stress prevention methods is a type of secondary prevention?

​Team building

Which of the following media is considered high in information richness?

​Telephone

Identify a true statement about perceptual screens.

​They influence the quality, accuracy, and clarity of a message.

Which of the following is the first step that employees should take in managing their relationship with their boss?​

​They should try to understand as much as they can about their boss.

Which of the following is true of positive thinking?

​When one cultivates an optimistic frame of mind, bad life events are bathed in a positive light.

In the context of barriers to communication, which of the following statements is true of gender differences?

​Women often prefer to converse face to face.

In the context of empowerment skills, _____ engage in encouraging, helpful behavior to maximize the gains for everyone on a team.

​cooperative people

In the context of factors that influence group effectiveness, _____ is often thought of in an individual context rather than a team context.

​creativity

In the context of diversity, the effect of _____ within a team is often studied in relation to social identity theory and self-categorization theory.

​dissimilarity

In the context of Bruce Tuckman's five-stage model of group development, moving from the _____ stage requires that team members feel they are part of the team.

​forming

The _____ appears to use commitment, control, and challenge actively to engage in transformational coping when faced with stressful events.

​hardy personality

In the context of work team processes, cooperative teamwork skills:

​include open communication, trust, personal integrity, positive interdependence, and mutual support.

Role conflict results from:​

​inconsistent or incompatible expectations.

One gateway through the communication barrier of diversity is:​

​increasing cultural awareness and sensitivity.

In the context of groups and work teams, groups emphasize:

​individual leadership.

To use reward power effectively, a manager should

​make the connection clear between the behavior being rewarded and the reward.

A manager instructs an employee to ship an item with a minor defect to a customer in violation of the employee's personal values. This is an example of:​

​person-role conflict.

Most organizational prevention is _____, including job redesign, goal setting, role negotiation, and career management.

​primary prevention

A manager's decision to increase worker control in a given task is an example of:

​primary prevention.

In the context of power, the recipient of the attempt to use power is known as a(n) _____

​target

Cultural Differences

Conflict stems from a lack of understanding of another culture

The study of an individual's perception and use of space, including territorial space, is called:

proxemics

Which of the following is appropriate channel etiquette when using YouTube?

Avoid reacting defensively to inappropriate comments as it will only make it worse.

45. Which of the following techniques can be used to develop the right half of the brain?

Asking what-if questions.

Secrecy

Attempting to hide a conflict or an issue that has the potential to create conflict. Only creates suspicion

59. _____ includes transformational, charismatic, or transactional leadership as the situation might demand but only in accordance with the leader's conscious and well-developed sense of values.

Authentic leadership

_____ are benchmarks against which team members are evaluated by other team members.

Behavioral norms

2. According to John Kotter, which of the following is true of leadership and management?

Both are complementary systems of action in organizations.

70. _____ play a central role in setting the ethical tone and values for organizations.

Corporate leaders

Strain is also known as _____.

Distress

43. _____ is a compromise mechanism whereby an individual patterns his or her behavior after another's.

Identification

_____ is a compromise mechanism whereby an individual patterns his or her behavior after another's. (A) Rationalization (B) Fantasy (C) Fixation (D) Identification

Identification

Which of the following counters social loafing in a work group?

Identifying individual contributions to the group

Which of the following is a guideline for the ethical use of legitimate power?​

Managers should enforce compliance.​

_____ are groups in which members represent three or more ethnic backgrounds.

Multicultural groups

Personalities

One personality trait that many people find difficult to deal with is abrasiveness.

11. According to the first studies of leadership, which of the following is a leader personality characteristic?

Originality

_____ is a barrier to communication.

Physical separation

Expanding Resources

Providing more resources when scarce resources is causing conflict

The task of seeking information involves asking for ideas, suggestions, information, or facts.

TRUE the task of seeking information involves asking for ideas, suggestions, information, or facts. Task functions are those activities directly related to the effective completion of the team's work.

6. _____ is the first step in the decision-making process.

Recognizing the real problem

Which of the following is a method of reducing escalation of commitment?

Splitting the responsibility for project decisions

9. _____ refers to a logical, step-by-step approach to decision making with a thorough analysis of alternatives and their consequences.

Rationality

3. Which of the following is a programmed decision?

Scheduling shifts for a group of workers.

13. According to the first studies of leadership, which of the following is identified as an ability of a leader?

Scholarship

According to the first studies of leadership, which of the following is identified as an ability of a leader?

Scholarship

26. Which of the following preferences is used in the first step of the Z problem-solving model to gather information about a problem?

Sensing

Which of the following is a gender-related source of stress for working women?​

Sexual harassment

56. _____ is a positive force that occurs in groups when group members are stimulated to produce new solutions to problems through the process of mutual influence and encouragement within the group.

Synergy

28. In the context of the preferences in the Z problem-solving model, _____ is used to analyze the alternatives objectively.

Thinking

62. Which of the following encourages groupthink?

Time constraints

13. Managers who use coercive power are most likely to:

verbally abuse employees or withhold support from them.

26. Which of the following helps a work group gain control over a strategic contingency within an organization?

Ability to perform a function that is indispensable to the organization

_____ are potentially disruptive and a threat to the health of the organization. (A) Alienated followers (B) The yes people (C) Sheep (D) Survivors

Alienated followers

Negativism

An aggressive mechanism in which a person responds with pessimism to attempt at solving a problem.

Displacement

An aggressive mechanism in which an individual directs his or her anger toward someone who is not the source of the conflict.

Fixation

An aggressive mechanism in which an individual keeps up a dysfunctional behavior that obviously will not solve the conflict.

Character assassination

An attempt to label or discredit an opponent

Superordinate Goals

An organizational goal that is more important to both parties in conflict than their individual or group goals. Require cooperation by both parties

Dysfunctional conflict

An unhealthy, destructive disagreement between two or more people. Takes focus away from work to be done and places it on the conflict itself and the parties involved. Drains energy that could be used more productively. Key to recognizing: origin is often emotional or behavioral. Losses to both parties may exceed any potential gain from the conflict.

Which of the following media is considered high in information richness? Formal written reports Formal numeric reports Answer Telephones Flyers

Answer Telephones

Rita has a naturally loud voice. Even when she is happy, her colleagues mistake her to be angry or upset. In this scenario, Rita's colleagues evidently make assumptions about her based on _____. verbal cues facial expressions Answer paralanguage cues metalanguage cues

Answer paralanguage cues

Conflict

Any situation in which incompatible goals, attitudes, emotions, or behaviors lead to disagreement or opposition between two or more parties Marketplace with increasing competition and globalization, magnifies differences among people in terms of personality, values, attitudes, perceptions, languages, culture, and backgrounds. Greater diversity=greater likelihood of conflict

Common Resources

Any time multiple parties must share resources, there is potential for conflict. Is enhanced when the shared resources become scarce.

Effective techniques of Conflict Management

Appealing to superordinate goals, expanding resources, changing personnel, changing structure, and confronting and negotiating

4. _____ is the right to influence another person.

Authority

Which of the following is a cause of conflict related to an organization's structure? (A) Authority relations (B) Skills and abilities (C) Values and ethics (D) Perceptions

Authority relations

When a supervisor sends a message to his/her employees who comprise a diverse workgroup, both parties to the message should be sensitive to:

perceptual screens

33. In the context of Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership, _____ are primarily gratified by developing good, comfortable interpersonal associations.

relationship-oriented leaders

34. In the context of Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership, leaders who describe their least preferred coworker (LPC) in positive terms are classified as _____.

relationship-oriented leaders

According to the Situational Leadership model, when a follower is unable but willing and confident to do a task, the leader can use the _____, in which there is high task behavior and high relationship behavior.

selling style

Aerobic exercise:​

​enhances a person's ability to manage stressful demands.

In the context of empowerment skills, _____ are motivated to act autonomously, though not necessarily to maximize their personal gains.

​individualistic people

E-mail, teleconferencing, and Wi-Fi are all classified as _____.​

​information communication technology

Self-reliance is a healthy, secure _____ pattern of behavior.

​interdependent

A manager who presses employees for both very fast and high-quality work would likely cause:​

​intrarole conflict.

In the context of diversity, a challenger is a team member who:

​is the devil's advocate who questions everything from the group's mission, purpose, and methods to its ethics.

Social loafing

​may create a drag on a group's efforts and achievements.

Secondary prevention is intended to:

​modify an individual's or an organization's response to a demand.

To facilitate direct and open communication with another person, _____.

​one should seat the other person at right angles to oneself

Roberta, the supervisor of a fund-raising project, needs to discuss with her teammates about their unsatisfactory performance in the project. In order to maximize information richness in her message, Roberta will most likely:

​organize face-to-face meetings with each teammate

Rita has a naturally loud voice. Even when she is happy, her colleagues mistake her to be angry or upset. In this scenario, Rita's colleagues evidently make assumptions about her based on _____ cues.​

​paralanguage

Molly, the store manager of a bakery, never fails to voice her opinions to her employees on various matters of the store. Expressive supervisors like Molly:

​tend toward extroversion.

The stage in preventive stress management designed to heal individual or organizational symptoms of distress and strain is called:

​tertiary prevention.

The job strain model suggests that:

​the combination of stringent demands and restricted control leads to a high-strain job.

The Yerkes-Dodson law indicates that:​

​the greatest performance benefits from stress are achieved in the mid-range of the Yerkes- Dodson curve.

An effect of computer-mediated communication is that:

​the likelihood to flame, or make rude comments, is increased.

Interrole conflict is caused by opposing expectations related to a single role.

False

Kinesics is the study of an individual's perception and use of space, including territorial space.

False

Kotter believes that effective leadership controls complexity in the organization and its environment. (A) True (B) False

False

Maintenance functions are those activities directly related to the effective completion of a team's work.​

False

Martina, an employee at a tailor shop, can stitch up to 2 good-quality shirts per day. However, her employer insists that she complete a bulk order within a very short period of time without error or delay. In this scenario, Martina is stressed due to an interrole conflict at work.

False

One gateway through the communication barrier of diversity is to frequently use jargon or technical language in a message.

False

Organizational performance of a CEO peaks toward the end of his or her tenure.

False

Power distance does not affect decision making. (A) True (B) False

False

Proxemics consists of variations in speech, such as pitch, loudness, tempo, tone, duration, laughing, and crying.​

False

Psychological intimacy is closeness achieved through tasks and activities.

False

Research indicates that men are more risk averse than women and that younger, less experienced managers are more risk averse than older managers. (A) True (B) False

False

Task functions are those activities essential to the effective, satisfying interpersonal relationships within a group or team.

False

Task functions enhance togetherness, cooperation, and teamwork, enabling members to achieve psychological intimacy while furthering the success of the team.

False

An employee assistance program is:

​an individual prevention approach to stress reduction.

The United States is a culture with high uncertainty avoidance. (A) True (B) False

False

The capability to become physically involved in participative activities is an individual prerequisite for participative decision making. (A) True (B) False

False

The cognitive appraisal approach to stress emphasized the idea that confusing and conflicting expectations of a person in a social role create stress for that person.

False

The interpersonal glue that makes the members of a group stick together is social loafing.

False

The major behavioral tendency associated with the high versus middle versus low power relationship is suboptimization. (A) True (B) False

False

The path-goal theory suggests that the leader's behavior should be adjusted to the maturity level of the followers. (A) True (B) False

False

The positive face of power is personal power. (A) True (B) False

False

The positive face of power is personal power.​

False

The presence of a wild turkey in the upper echelons is always a negative force.

False

The use of new communication technologies discourages polyphasic activity.

False

Women tend to view political behavior more favorably than do men. (A) True (B) False

False

Which of the following statements is true of reflective listening?

It emphasizes the personal elements of the communication process.

Which of the following best defines due process nonaction? (A) It is the delaying of action on a conflict by buying time, usually by telling the individuals involved that the problem is being worked on or that the boss is still thinking about the issue. (B) It is an attempt to label or discredit an opponent. (C) It is a procedure set up to address conflicts that is so costly, time-consuming, or personally risky that no one will use it. (D) It is an attempt to hide a conflict or an issue that has the potential to create conflict

It is a procedure set up to address conflicts that is so costly, time-consuming, or personally risky that no one will use it

11. Which of the following is true of coercive power?

It is based on an agent's ability to cause a target to have an unpleasant experience.

Which of the following best defines competence?​

It is the belief that one has the ability to do a job well.​

Which of the following statements is true of kinesics? It is the study of body movement and posture. It is the study of an individual's use of space. It is the study of the distribution of sound systems in human languages. It is a form of verbal communication.

It is the study of body movement and posture.

49. Identify an assumption of intuition involved in decision making.

It is used at a level below consciousness.

42. According to research findings, _____.

more experienced managers are more risk averse than younger managers

In the context of empowerment skills, _____ include self-expression skills and skills in reflective listening.

​communication skills

Two of the important process issues in work teams are the managing of cooperative behaviors and the managing of _____.​

​competitive behaviors

A software engineer has just discovered a major problem, which is not yet fully defined, in a large information system she is building for a very difficult customer. Her supervisor is listening to the engineer as she begins to talk through the problem. Which of the following responses would best exemplify the "reflecting of core feelings"?

"I hear that you are feeling very upset about the problem and may be worried about the customer's reaction when you inform him".

Which of the following statements is an example of nondefensive communication?

"I received the report from Dan yesterday and have briefly reviewed it. It looks good but I need to talk to him about one recommendation before I approve it."

Which of the following statements is true of self-managed teams?

* They have a positive impact on employee attitudes.* (A one-year study of self-managed teams suggests that they have a positive impact on employee attitudes but not on absenteeism or turnover. Evaluative research is helpful in achieving a better understanding of this relatively new way of approaching teamwork and the design of work.)

Which of the following statements is true of group cohesion?

*It can enhance job satisfaction for members and improve organizational productivity.* (Group cohesion can enhance job satisfaction for members and improve organizational productivity. Highly cohesive groups are able to manage their membership better than work groups low in cohesion.)

_____ enhance togetherness, cooperation, and teamwork, enabling members to achieve psychological intimacy while furthering the success of a team.

*Maintenance functions* (Maintenance functions enhance togetherness, cooperation, and teamwork, enabling members to achieve psychological intimacy while furthering the success of the team. Maintenance functions are those activities essential to the effective, satisfying interpersonal relationships within a group or team)

Which of the following statements is true of work teams?

*They emphasize collective work products.* (Work teams emphasize shared leadership, mutual accountability, and collective work products. Groups emphasize individual leadership, personal accountability, and exclusive work products.)

Which of the following statements is true of groups?

*They emphasize personal accountability.* (Groups emphasize individual leadership, personal accountability, and exclusive work products. Work teams emphasize shared leadership, mutual accountability, and collective work products)

In the norming stage, a group's focus will turn from interpersonal relations to:

*decision making and task accomplishment.* (In the norming stage, the group's focus will turn from interpersonal relations to decision making and task accomplishment. Insignificant decisions may be delegated to individuals or small teams, while larger decisions will be discussed and decided by the entire group)

In the context of Bruce Tuckman's five-stage model of group development, moving from the _____ stage requires that team members feel they are part of the team.

*forming* (Dependence on guidance and direction is the defining characteristic of the forming stage. At this point, team members are unclear about individual roles and responsibilities and tend to rely heavily on the leader to answer questions about the team's purpose, objectives, and external relationships. Moving on from the forming stage requires that team members feel they are part of the team.)

In the context of groups and work teams, groups emphasize:

*individual leadership.* (Groups emphasize individual leadership, personal accountability, and exclusive work products. Work teams emphasize shared leadership, mutual accountability, and collective work products)

Self-managed teams are teams that:

*make decisions that were once reserved for managers.* (Self-managed teams, also called self-directed teams or autonomous work groups, are teams that make decisions that were once reserved for managers. Self-managed teams are one way to implement empowerment in organizations.)

In the context of groups and work teams, work teams emphasize:​

*shared leadership.* (Work teams emphasize shared leadership, mutual accountability, and collective work products. Groups emphasize individual leadership, personal accountability, and exclusive work products)

46. Which of the following is an example of a withdrawal mechanism for managing interpersonal conflict?

Conversion

43. According to Rosabeth Moss Kanter, which of the following behaviors is displayed by top executives as a symptom of powerlessness?

They use dictatorial, top-down communication.

According to Rosabeth Moss Kanter, which of the following behaviors is displayed by top executives as a symptom of powerlessness?

They use dictatorial, top-down communication.

According to Kanter, which of the following is true of executives feeling powerless?​

They use dictatorial, top-down communication.​

Whether activated by an ego-ideal/self-image discrepancy, a poorly defined social role, a cognitive appraisal suggesting threat, or a lack of balance, the resulting stress response is characterized by a predictable sequence of mind and body events.

True

Managing Intra-personal conflict

1. When seeking a new job, you should find out as much as possible about the values of the organization 2. ROLE ANALYSIS= The individual asks the various role senders when they expect of him. 3. Political skills can help buffer the negative effects of stress that stem from role conflicts.

Emotional Intelligence

A critical indicator of a manager's ability to manage conflict =power to control one's emotions and perceive emotions in others, adapt to change, and mange adversity

33. In the context of decision making, which of the following is a limitation that is shared by the rational model, the bounded rationality model, and the Z problem-solving model?

A decision maker's unwillingness to abandon a bad decision.

Distributive bargaining

A negotiation approach in which the goals of the parties are in conflict, and each party seeks to maximize its resources.

Integrative Negotiation

A negotiation approach in which the parties' goals are not seen as mutually exclusive, but the focus is on both sides achieving their objectives.

Inter-role Conflict

A person's experience of conflict among the multiple roles in his or her life. Ex: Work-Home conflict.

According to John Kotter, which of the following is true of leadership and management? (A) Both involve planning and budgeting. (B) Both involve setting organizational direction. (C) Both deal with problem solving. (D) Both are complementary systems of action in organizations

Both are complementary systems of action in organizations

4. Which of the following is a nonprogrammed decision?

Buying a new car.

Which of the following is a nonprogrammed decision?

Buying a new car.

With regard to leader abilities, attention has been devoted to such constructs as social skills, intelligence, scholarship, speech fluency, cooperativeness, and insight. (A) True (B) False

True

Work stress is caused by factors in the work environment as well as by nonwork (external) pressures that spill over into the workplace.

True

_____ refers to the willingness to be vulnerable to the actions of another and is an essential element in leadership. (A) Facilitation (B) Supervision (C) Patience (D) Trust

Trust

55. Which of the following diminishes creativity in decision making?

Trying to be logical

Inter-organizational Conflict

Conflict that occurs between two or more organizations. Competition can heighten it. Corporate takeovers, mergers, and acquisitions can produce it.

Person-Role Conflict

Conflict that occurs when an individual in a particular role is expected to perform behaviors that clash with his or her personal values.

Intra-role Conflict

Conflict that occurs within a single role, such as when a person receives conflicting messages from role senders about how to perform a certain role.

Intra-group Conflict

Conflict that occurs within groups or teams. Some is functional, as it can help prevent group think

22. _____ is leader behavior aimed at nurturing friendly, warm working relationships, as well as encouraging mutual trust and interpersonal respect within the work unit.

Consideration

In the context of insecure patterns of attachment, which of the following is a difference between counterdependence and overdependence? Counterdependence is a quality that limits individuals from developing healthy relationships, whereas overdependence is a quality that helps individual to organize and maintain healthy relationships. Counterdependence is an unhealthy, insecure pattern of behavior in relationships, whereas overdependence is a healthy pattern of behavior in relationships. Counterdependence is a rigid, dismissing denial of the need for other people in difficult times, whereas overdependence is a preoccupied attempt to achieve a sense of security through relationships. Counterdependence is more common among women, whereas overdependence is seen most often in men.

Counterdependence is a rigid, dismissing denial of the need for other people in difficult times, whereas overdependence is a preoccupied attempt to achieve a sense of security through relationships.

Which of the following statements is true about paralanguage? It enables people to make assumptions about a communicator. It is a form of verbal communication. It consists of the use of jargons or technical language in a message. It is the study of body movement and posture.

It enables people to make assumptions about a communicator.

Which of the following statements is an example of nondefensive communication? Mary is always late to meetings! She lacks professionalism! I sent the memo through intracompany mail. The postman must have lost it. Dan's report is good, but I need to make one recommendation before I approve it. The check is in the mail. Don't call me again!

Dan's report is good, but I need to make one recommendation before I approve it.

Which of the following statements is an example of nondefensive communication?​

Dan's report is good, but I need to make one recommendation before I approve it.

Values and Ethics

Different ages can have different company loyalties. Most people have their own sets of values and ethics although the extent to which they apply these ethics in the workplace varies.

40. Teena, a teacher at Brooksfield High School, was denied her request for a sabbatical. As a result, Teena took out her frustration on her students and implemented severe punishment for students who failed to submit their assignments on time. In this scenario, identify the defense mechanism exhibited by Teena.

Displacement

Which of the following is a difference between distributive bargaining and integrative negotiation? (A) Distributive bargaining is a win-lose approach to negotiations, whereas integrative negotiation is a win-win approach to negotiations. (B) Distributive bargaining is collaborative in nature, whereas integrative negotiation is competitive in nature. (C) Distributive bargaining works as a conflict management tool, whereas integrative negotiation intensifies a conflict. (D) Distributive bargaining requires all the parties to act as allies to one another, whereas integrative negotiation requires that every party views every other party as a competitor

Distributive bargaining is a win-lose approach to negotiations, whereas integrative negotiation is a win-win approach to negotiations

Skills and Abilities

Diversity in skills and abilities holds potential for conflict, especially when jobs are interdependent. Workers of different skills working alongside each other can promote conflict

According to the guidelines for leadership, which of the following influence organizational performance? (A) Consideration and initiating structure (B) Concern for people and concern for products (C) Position power and task structure (D) Environmental factors and technological factors

Environmental factors and technological factors

Nonaction

Doing nothing in hopes that a conflict will disappear; Generally not a good technique because most conflicts do not go away, and the individuals involved in the conflict act with frustration.

54. Jack, a sales manager, is confronted by Jessica, a dissatisfied customer. Jessica claims that she has received a defective piece of merchandise and wants to make a complaint. Jack tells her that she needs to fill out a complaint form, which will be reviewed by the frontline staff and recorded into the complaint-handling system. After that, the senior management would conduct an investigation on her complaint and give her a response within 20 working days. Jessica finds the entire process tedious and time-consuming and withdraws from making the complaint. In the scenario, which of the following techniques was used by Jack to address conflicts?

Due process nonaction

Which of the following statements is true of different media of communication? E-mail is the preferred method of workplace communication. Face-to-face discussions have the highest data capacity. Personalized letters have the highest data capacity. Text messaging is the preferred method of workplace communication.

E-mail is the preferred method of workplace communication.

Influence is only exercised upward within an organization. (A) True (B) False

False

In the context of empowerment skills, which of the following is an alternative orientation to cooperative approach?

Egalitarian approach

Which of the following practices must a supervisor avoid in order to reduce communication barriers in the workplace?

Encouraging men and women to interact the same way

Power Networks

Equal vs. Equal= Horizontal balance of power among the parties (Ex= Conflict between Individuals from two different project teams) Results in SUBOPTIMIZATION where the focus is on a win-lose approach to problems. High vs. Low= Powerful party vs. Less powerful party High vs. Middle vs. Low= Classic conflicts felt by middle managers. Role conflict= conflicting expectations from bosses and employees, Role ambiguity= expectations of the boss are unclear

Withdrawal Mechanisms

Exhibited when frustrated individuals try to flee from a conflict using either physical or psychological means. Ex. Flight, conversion, and fantasy

23. Which of the following powers has the strongest relationship with performance and satisfaction?

Expert power

Which of the following powers has the strongest relationship with performance and satisfaction? (A) Reward power (B) Legitimate power (C) Referent power (D) Expert power

Expert power

Which of the following powers has the strongest relationship with performance and satisfaction?​

Expert power

Integrated involvement is emotional and psychological closeness to other team or group members.

False

Seek & Swipe, an e-commerce website, plans to offer discounts on its latest product offerings to ten of its most loyal customers. To maximize its ability to convey the message clearly, which of the following communication media will Seek and Swipe most likely use? Bulletins Telephones Face-to-face discussions Formal numeric reports

Face-to-face discussions

According to Harry Levinson, self-image is the embodiment of a person's perfect self.

False

According to the Z model, Intuiting is used to gather information about a problem. (A) True (B) False

False

Administrative orbiting and secrecy are very effective conflict reduction techniques. (A) True (B) False

False

Alienated followers do not think independently or critically, yet are very active in their behavior. (A) True (B) False

False

Alienated followers perpetually sample the wind, and their motto is "better safe than sorry." (A) True (B) False

False

As an economy becomes increasingly based on knowledge work, participative decision making decreases. (A) True (B) False

False

Competence norms are more important than morality norms when it comes to making decisions about improving the status of one's work group.

False

Conflict between groups leads to decreased competition. (A) True (B) False

False

Counterdependence, a healthy, secure interdependent pattern of behavior, is a personality attribute strongly related to social relationships

False

Damian is a professional gymnast and ranks number 5 in his country. However, he considers his short temper to be a terrible flaw and thinks it makes him a bad person. He believes the only way to be considered successful is to be the number 1 gymnast in the country. This makes Damian feel very stressed. According to one of the four approaches to stress, Damian is feeling stressed due to factors such as perception and cognitive appraisal.

False

Devil's advocacy or dialectical inquiry facilitates groupthink. (A) True (B) False

False

Feminine cultures value quick, assertive decisions. (A) True (B) False

False

For an agent to have referent power over a target, the agent should be superior to the target. (A) True (B) False

False

For an agent to have referent power over a target, the agent should be superior to the target.​

False

38. _____ is an aggressive mechanism in which an individual keeps up a dysfunctional behavior that obviously will not solve a conflict.

Fixation

Agressive mechanisms

Fixation, displacement, and negativism Aimed at attacking the source of the conflict

_____ is a withdrawal mechanism that provides an escape from a conflict through daydreaming. (A) Flight (B) Fantasy (C) Withdrawal (D) Displacement

Flight

18. Which of the following is true of followers of a leader with a democratic style?

Followers have a high degree of discretionary influence.

Which of the following statements is true of a democratic leadership style? (A) Leaders do not have ultimate authority and responsibility. (B) Leaders fail to clearly define goals, responsibilities, and outcomes. (C) Followers have a high degree of discretionary influence. (D) Followers have little discretionary influence over the nature of the work

Followers have a high degree of discretionary influence.

16. Which of the following is true of followers of a leader with an autocratic style?

Followers have little discretionary influence over the nature of the work.

Which of the following is true of followers of a leader with an autocratic style?

Followers have little discretionary influence over the nature of the work.

64. _____ is the process of being guided and directed by a leader in the work environment.

Followership

_____ is the process of being guided and directed by a leader in the work environment.

Followership

15. Identify a true statement about the rational model of decision making.

It fails to reflect the reality of managerial decision making.

_____ argues that the background characteristics of the top management team can predict organizational characteristics and set standards for values, competence, ethics, and unique characteristics throughout an organization.

Upper echelon theory

4. _____ is a healthy, constructive disagreement between two or more people.

Functional conflict

15. Which of the following structural conflicts occurs when individuals do not have knowledge of another department's objectives?

Goal differences

Which of the following structural conflicts occurs when individuals do not have knowledge of another department's objectives? (A) Interdependence (B) Goal differences (C) Status inconsistency (D) Jurisdictional ambiguity

Goal differences

Changing Personnel

Hiring an individual who is a long running source of conflict

The behavioral tendency associated with an equal versus equal power relationship is: a. negotiation. b. focussing on a win-win approach. c. suboptimization. d. making concessions.

c

14. Which of the following is true of the rational model of decision making?

In this model, the decision maker strives to select the best possible alternative.

In the context of preventive stress management, which of the following is true of goal setting? It focuses a person's attention while directing energy into a productive channel. It decreases task motivation. It increases role conflict and role ambiguity. It helps a person to become independent without maintaining a host of supportive attachments.

It focuses a person's attention while directing energy into a productive channel.

19. Which of the following is true of intergroup conflicts?

It increases group cohesiveness.

The conflict that occurs between a company and a union during a strike is an example of: a. horizontal conflict. b. intragroup conflict. c. interorganizational conflict. d. line-staff conflict.

c

21. _____ is leader behavior aimed at defining and organizing work relationships and roles, as well as establishing clear patterns of organization, communication, and ways of getting things done.

Initiating structure

_____ is leader behavior aimed at defining and organizing work relationships and roles, as well as establishing clear patterns of organization, communication, and ways of getting things done.

Initiating structure

_____ is an approach in which the parties' goals are not seen as mutually exclusive, but the focus is on both sides achieving their objectives. (A) Distributive bargaining (B) Accommodating (C) Integrative negotiation (D) Compromising

Integrative negotiation

Which of the following is a structural factor of conflict in an organization? (A) Skills and abilities (B) Personalities (C) Interdependence (D) Perception

Interdependence

Compromising

Intermediate in both assertiveness and cooperativeness, because both parties must give up something to reach a solution to the conflict. Not optimal solutions.

Which of the following is an advantage of negative feedback? (A) It is the engine of empowerment through which employees become energized about their jobs. (B) It can bring about a closer employee-boss relationship if given in a problem-solving format. (C) It boosts the morale of employees by drawing attention to their work. (D) It has the strongest relationship with performance and satisfaction

It can bring about a closer employee-boss relationship if given in a problem-solving format

29. Which of the following statements is true of information power?

It can flow upward from subordinates to managers as well as downward from managers to subordinates.

8. Which of the following statements is true of reward power?

It can lead to better performance, but only as long as an employee sees a clear and strong link between performance and rewards.

Which of the following is a positive consequence of conflict in an organization? (A) It provides a healthy distraction from work. (B) It is emotional or behavioral in origin. (C) It breaks down group cohesion. (D) It leads to the generation of new ideas

It leads to the generation of new ideas

5. Which of the following is a positive consequence of conflict in an organization?

It leads to the generation of new ideas.

Which of the following statements is true of information power? (A) It has the strongest relationship with performance and satisfaction. (B) It is the power that exists when an agent has specialized knowledge or skills that a target needs. (C) It may flow upward from subordinates to managers as well as downward from managers to subordinates. (D) It can lead to better performance, but only as long as an employee sees a clear and strong link between performance and rewards

It may flow upward from subordinates to managers as well as downward from managers to subordinates

Which of the following is true of functional turnover? It occurs when a large number of newly hired employees fail to produce positive result. It occurs when an organization loses employees who have little or no value to the organization. It occurs when low-level employees are terminated due to unethical practices. It occurs when high-level employees are dismissed due to unethical practices.

It occurs when an organization loses employees who have little or no value to the organization.

Which of the following is a difference between leaders and managers?

Leaders agitate for change and new approaches, whereas managers advocate stability and the status quo.

___________ in organizations is the process of guiding and directing the behavior of people in the work environment. (A) Principled dissent (B) Strategic contingency (C) Management (D) Leadership

Leadership

Diagnosing a Conflict

Look at issue, context of the conflict, parties involved. Then resolve or stimulate it. Developing trust within the workgroup can keep from misattribution.

Which of the following group behaviors has potentially explosive effects?

Loss of individuality

Avoiding

Low on both assertiveness and cooperativeness. Deliberate decision to take no action.

_____ enhance togetherness, cooperation, and teamwork, enabling members to achieve psychological intimacy while furthering the success of a team.

Maintenance functions

21. Which of the following is an assumption of the bounded rationality model?

Managers develop shortcuts, called heuristics, to make decisions in order to save mental activity.

Which of the following is a guideline for the ethical use of legitimate power? (A) Managers should act confident and decisive. (B) Managers should fit punishment to the infraction. (C) Managers should enforce compliance. (D) Managers should be oblivious to subordinates' concerns

Managers should enforce compliance

According to Jay Conger, which of the following is a guideline on how managers can empower employees in an organization? (A) Managers should set low performance expectations. (B) Managers should exclude employees from decision-making processes. (C) Managers should reinstate bureaucratic constraints in the organization. (D) Managers should set inspirational or meaningful goals

Managers should set inspirational or meaningful goals

In the context of Bruce Tuckman's five-stage model of group development, which of the following is true of the performing stage?

Members in the group can stand on its own with little interference from the leader.

A(n) _____ of behavior is used when a leader must set challenging goals for followers and show strong confidence in those followers. (A) supportive style (B) directive style (C) participative style (D) achievement-oriented style

achievement-oriented style

Changing structure

One way= CREATING INTEGRATOR ROLE= a liaison between groups with very different interests. USING CROSS-FUNCTIONAL TEAMS= teams made up from members from different departments, improves coordination and reduces delays by allowing many activities to be performed at the same time rather than sequentially.

According to the first studies of leadership, which of the following is a leader personality characteristic?

Originality

_____ is an unhealthy, insecure pattern of behavior that leads to preoccupied attempts to achieve security through relationships. Counterdependence Overdependence Self-reliance Personality hardiness

Overdependence

Which of the following is a symptom of groupthink? (A) Illusions of group immorality (B) Illusions of vulnerability (C) Low cohesiveness (D) Peer pressure

Peer pressure

_____ include the ability to enjoy competition, play fair, and be a good winner or loser; and to have access to information for monitoring where the team and members are in the competition.

Positive competitive teamwork skills

The mechanisms used by individuals to make the best of a conflict situation are considered: a. conversion mechanisms. b. cooperative mechanisms. c. compromise mechanisms. d. withdrawal mechanisms.

c

56. MaxSpeed, a car accessories company, sees an increase in demand for its seat covers. To cater to the rising demand, Steve, the manager at the tailoring department of MaxSpeed, demands that all the employees must complete 150 products per day as opposed to the previous target of 100 products per day. He also threatens to reduce the salaries of employees who fail to meet the new target. In this scenario, which of the following influence tactics does Steve use?

Pressure tactic

_____, a way of managing stressful events, may lead to short-term stress reduction at the cost of healthy, long-term life adjustment.

Regressive coping

_____ is a conflict evident for middle managers in which conflicting expectations are placed on the manager from bosses and employees. (A) Negativism (B) Functional conflict (C) Role conflict (D) Displacement

Role conflict

Which of the following statements about communication technologies is not true?

Significant disparities in participation levels of persons within the group.

_____ are simple rules used to determine final group decisions. (A) Heuristics (B) Social decision schemes (C) Nominal group techniques (D) Mindguards

Social decision schemes

_____ occurs when one group member comes to rely on the efforts of other group members and fails to contribute her own time, effort, thoughts, or other resources to a group.

Social loafing

Which of the following is true according to the cognitive appraisal approach to stress? Emotions such as fear and rage cause the fight-or-flight response in individuals. Stress is mostly determined by an individual's perception. Confusing and conflicting expectations of a person in a social role create stress for that person. The discrepancy between the idealized self and the self-image creates stress in individuals.

Stress is mostly determined by an individual's perception.

Causes of Conflict

Structural factors= stem from the nature of the organization and the way in which work is organized Personal factors= arise from differences among individuals

Identify an assumption of the rational model of decision making.

The decision maker has a consistent system of preferences.

Which of the following are NOT structural factors in causing conflict? a. Goal differences b. Status inconsistencies c. Values and ethics d. Authority relationships

c

Which of the following is an assumption of the rational model of decision making? (A) The outcome will be completely irrational. (B) The decision maker is aware of all the possible alternatives. (C) The decision maker cannot calculate the probability of success for each alternative. (D) The decision maker has an inconsistent system of preferences, which is used to choose alternatives.

The decision maker is aware of all the possible alternatives

11. Which of the following is an assumption of the rational model of decision making?

The decision maker is aware of all the possible alternatives.

Which of the following is an individual prerequisite for participative decision making? (A) The capability to prevent critical analysis of decisions (B) The motivation to act autonomously (C) The motivation to protect a group from negative feedback (D) The capability to become psychologically detached in participative activities

The motivation to act autonomously

Perceptions

The reward system can create conflicts if managers provide what they think their employees want rather than what they actually want.

65. Which of the following is true of quality circles?

They extend participative decision making into teams.

Which of the following is true of individuals with Type A personality? They are socially secure and focus on only one thing at a time. They recognize Type B behavior and can help them judge situations realistically. They are aggressive, hostile, and demonstrate a quest for achievements. They tend to be relatively calm when faced with difficult situations at work.

They are aggressive, hostile, and demonstrate a quest for achievements.

In the context of interpersonal communication, which of the following is true of perceptual screens? They do not cause static or distortion. They do not influence the accuracy of a message. They are the uninterpreted, unanalyzed elements of a message. They are built upon the sender's and receiver's individual attributes.

They are built upon the sender's and receiver's individual attributes.

58. In the context of political skill, which of the following is true of individuals with interpersonal influence?

They are flexible in adapting their behavior to differing contexts in order to achieve one's goals.

50. In the context of the leader-member exchange theory, which of the following is true of in-group members?

They are more likely to engage in organizational citizenship behavior.

51. In the context of the leader-member exchange theory, which of the following is true of out-group members?

They are more likely to retaliate against the organization.

Which of the following is true of people who use referent power? (A) They are most often individualistic and respected by a target. (B) They internalize what they observe. (C) They learn from managers they perceive to be experts. (D) They influence their top management teams in ways that are profitable for their firm

They are most often individualistic and respected by a target

In the context of empowerment skills, which of the following is true of egalitarian people?

They are motivated to equalize the outcomes for each team member.

2. Which of the following is true of nonprogrammed decisions?

They are new and complex decisions.

Which of the following statements is true of self-managed teams?

They have a positive impact on employee attitudes.

Which of the following is true of programmed decisions? (A) They are new and complex decisions. (B) They require creative solutions. (C) They have an established decision rule. (D) They require detailed judgement.

They have an established decision rule

1. Which of the following is true of programmed decisions?

They have an established decision rule.

44. According to Michael Korda's tangible symbols of power, which of the following is a sign of powerful managers?

They have locked file cabinets in office.

According to Michael Korda's tangible symbols of power, which of the following is a sign of powerful managers?

They have locked file cabinets in office.

23. Which of the following is true of heuristics?

They help managers make decisions based on what has worked in past experiences.

Which of the following encourages groupthink?

Time constraints

Which of the following encourages groupthink? (A) Low cohesiveness (B) Diversity among group members (C) Domination of the group by one forceful member (D) Time constraints

Time constraints

Which of the following statements is true of intragroup conflict? (A) Conflicts within a team can never be functional. (B) Face-to-face interactions hinder the development of trust. (C) Virtual teams are not immune to conflict. (D) Telephone conversations early on cannot eliminate later conflicts in virtual teams

Virtual teams are not immune to conflict

Which of the following statements is true of using eye contact in reflective listening?

Too much direct eye contact can have an intimidating effect.

52. _____ are those who use rewards and punishment to strike deals with followers and shape their behavior.

Transactional leaders

_____ are those who use rewards and punishment to strike deals with followers and shape their behavior.

Transactional leaders

53. _____ inspire and excite followers to high levels of performance.

Transformational leaders

Different task functions vary in importance throughout the life cycle of a group.

True

Diversity within a group may increase the uncertainty, complexity, and inherent confusion in group processes, making it more difficult for the group to achieve its full productivity.

True

Reward power leads to better performance, but only as long as the employee sees a clear and strong link between performance and rewards. (A) True (B) False

True

Reward power leads to better performance, but only as long as the employee sees a clear and strong link between performance and rewards.​

True

Sean, a manager, threatens Will, his employee, with a decrement in salary if Will reveals the embezzling habits of Sean to the auditor. In this scenario, Sean is using his coercive power. (A) True (B) False

True

Stress is a great asset in managing legitimate emergencies and achieving peak performance.

True

Which of the following is a difference between counterdependence and overdependence?

When faced with stressful situations, counterdependent people withdraw, whereas overdependent people cling to other people in any way possible.

Goal Differences

When groups have different goals, these goals may be incompatible. Often occur because individuals do not have knowledge of another department's objectives

Specialization

When jobs are specialized employees become experts at certain tasks. Occurs because people have little awareness of the tasks that others perform. Classic conflict that occurs is between salespeople and engineers. Salespeople are often accused of making delivery promises to customers that engineers cannot keep because salesforce lacks technical knowledge.

44. _____ is a compromise mechanism characterized by trying to justify one's behavior by constructing bogus reasons for it.

Withdrawal

Which of the following statements is true in the context of risk aversion? (A) Women are more risk averse than men. (B) Younger managers are more risk averse than more experienced managers. (C) Successful managers are more risk averse than unsuccessful managers. (D) Men are more risk averse than women

Women are more risk averse than men

62. Which of the following is true of gender and leadership?

Women managers excel in positions that demand strong interpersonal skills.

Which of the following is a leading cause of work stress?​Work-family conflicts

Work-family conflictsStrain is also known as _____.

Which of the following is a self-imposed personal demand? Child rearing Workaholism Temporal pressure Parental care

Workaholism

In the context of communication barriers, which of the following statements is true of civility and incivility? Civility creates communication barrier and jars people's emotions. Workplace incivility is low-intensity deviant workplace behavior. Incivility cannot have positive effect in any circumstances. Workplace civility is the avoidance of difficult or complicated issues.

Workplace incivility is low-intensity deviant workplace behavior.

_____ are the most dangerous to a leader because they are the most likely to give a false positive reaction and give no warning of potential pitfalls. (A) Yes people (B) Survivors (C) Alienated followers (D) Sheep

Yes people

With regard to leader _____, attention has been devoted to such constructs as social skills, intelligence, scholarship, speech fluency, cooperativeness, and insight. (A) personalities (B) abilities (C) relationships (D) attitudes

abilities

30. In the context of decision making, using the _____ can help an individual develop his or her nonpreferences.

Z problem-solving model

Using the _____ can help an individual develop his nonpreferences. (A) truth-wins rule (B) two-thirds-majority rule (C) bounded rationality model (D) Z problem-solving model

Z problem-solving model

5. _____ is the range in which attempts to influence a person will be perceived as legitimate and will be acted on without a great deal of thought.

Zone of indifference

_____ is the range in which attempts to influence a person will be perceived as legitimate and will be acted on without a great deal of thought.

Zone of indifference

A technique that is effective in managing intrapersonal conflict is: a. role analysis. b. identification of natural conflict resolution style. c. personality inventory identification. d. understanding power networks.

a

In the context of conflict resolution,__________is delaying action on a conflict by buying time, usually by telling theindividuals involved that the problem is being worked on. a. administrative orbiting b. nonaction c. due process nonaction d. secrecy

a

Which of the following is true of defining moments? a. They help people crystallize their values and serve as opportunities for personal growth. b. They create differences in values and ethics and can be a source of disagreement. c. They create healthy, constructive disagreements between two or more people. d. They occur when a person feels similar degrees of attraction and repulsion.

a

_________ is a withdrawal mechanism in which an individual's emotional conflicts are expressed in physical symptoms. a. Conversion b. Compensation c. Identification d. Displacement

a

41. A(n) _____ of behavior is used when a leader must set challenging goals for followers and show strong confidence in those followers.

achievement-oriented style

The window through which we interact with people and influences the quality, accuracy, and clarity of the communication is called:

a perceptual screen

_____ is a cultural orientation in which individuals belong to tightly knit social frameworks and depend strongly on extended families or clans. a. Collectivism b. Individualism c. Behaviorism d. Socialism

a. Collectivism

According to the chief executive officers of U.S. corporations, which of the following is a major challenge that managers must overcome to remain competitive? a. Globalizing their firm's operations b. Managing personal finances c. Managing a uniform workforce d. Anticipating changes in foreign currency valuations

a. Globalizing their firm's operations

Identify a potential problem of workforce diversity. a. It poses resistance to change. b. It fails to retain the best available human talent. c. It fails to aid marketing efforts. d. It inhibits creativity.

a. It poses resistance to change.

Which of the following is a gender-related source of stress for working women? a. Sexual harassment b. Time pressure c. Alcohol abuse d. Type A personality

a. Sexual harassment Sexual harassment is a gender-related source of stress for many working women. Men sometimes experience sexual harassment as well, though, and are more likely than women to abuse alcohol as a coping mechanism. This may be because harassment is not a normative occurrence for men.

Which of the following is a risk created by the changing demographic trends that present organizations with a culturally diverse workforce? a. Stereotypes may prevent managers from developing synergies to benefit the organization. b. Women's compensation may not increase commensurately with their education. c. The aging workforce may decrease intergenerational contact at work. d. People who adhere strictly to cultural relativism may avoid difficult ethical dilemmas.

a. Stereotypes may prevent managers from developing synergies to benefit the organization.

Which of the following approaches to stress is the fight-or-flight response most closely associated with? a. The homeostatic/medical approach b. The cognitive appraisal approach c. The person-environment fit approach d. The psychoanalytic approach

a. The homeostatic/medical approach The fight-or-flight response is most closely associated with the homeostatic/medical approach to stress. The stress response was discovered by Walter B. Cannon, a medical physiologist, early in the twentieth century.

A gateway through the gender barrier to communication is to: frequently use metaphors. avoid the use of jargon or technical language. actively seek clarification of a person's meaning. avoid face-to-face communication.

actively seek clarification of a person's meaning.

A symptom of powerlessness that a first-line manager displays is: (A) an overly close supervision of employees. (B) a focus on budget expansion. (C) the ability to intercede for someone in trouble. (D) flexible adherence to the rules

an overly close supervision of employees

The bounded rationality model assumes that managers: (A) select the alternative that is rational. (B) always select the best possible alternative. (C) recognize that their conception of the world is complex. (D) are comfortable making decisions without identifying all the options

are comfortable making decisions without identifying all the options

A defense mechanism in which an individual continues dysfunctional behavior that will clearly not solve a conflict is known as: a. negativism. b. rationalization. c. displacement. d. fixation.

d

15. A leader with a(n) _____ uses strong, directive actions to control the rules, regulations, activities, and relationships in the work environment.

autocratic style

A leader with a(n) _____ uses strong, directive actions to control the rules, regulations, activities, and relationships in the work environment.

autocratic style

29. In the context of the Leadership Grid, the impoverished manager:

avoids taking sides and stays out of conflicts.

A dissatisfied customer feels that she has been defrauded by an individual salesperson. As a result, she confronts this salesperson angrily and demands a refund. Which form of conflict has occurred in this situation? a. Interorganizational conflict b. Interpersonal conflict c. Intergroup conflict d. Interrole conflict

b

The Yerkes-Dodson law indicates that: a. initial stress (or the onset of stress) causes performance to drop significantly. b. the greatest performance benefits from stress are achieved in the mid-range of the Yerkes-Dodson curve. c. stress and performance are unrelated. d. stress and performance are inversely related.

b. the greatest performance benefits from stress are achieved in the mid-range of the Yerkes-Dodson curve. The Yerkes-Dodson law indicates that the greatest performance benefits from stress are achieved in the mid-range of the Yerkes-Dodson curve. Stress leads to improved performance up to an optimum point.

In the context of using power ethically, managers should _____ for the ethical use of legitimate power. (A) make only ethical requests (B) be cordial and polite (C) maintain credibility (D) engage in role modeling

be cordial and polite

In the context of using power ethically, managers should _____ for the ethical use of legitimate power.​

be cordial and polite​

16. The _____ of decision making rests on the idea that there are constraints that force a decision maker to be less than completely rational.

bounded rationality model

The _____ of decision making rests on the idea that there are constraints that force a decision maker to be less than completely rational.

bounded rationality model

The _____ rests on the idea that there are constraints that force a decision maker to be less than completely rational. (A) rational model (B) truth-wins rule (C) bounded rationality model (D) two-thirds-majority rule

bounded rationality model

In the context of defense mechanisms, the tendency of an individual to make up for a bad relationship at home by spending more time at the office can be categorized as a(n) . a. aggressive mechanism b. withdrawal mechanism c. compromise mechanism d. cooperative mechanism

c

You are supervising a work crew and you notice that the crew members have a high desire for conformity in the group. This behavior is repeatedly resulting in incorrect decision-making outcomes. In such a situation, you should: a. encourage territoriality in your work crew. b. develop trust within your work crew. c. stimulate functional conflict in your work crew. d. challenge crew members to choose between two or more things in which they believe.

c

In the context of empowerment skills, _____ include self-expression skills and skills in reflective listening.

communication skills In the context of empowerment skills, communication skills include self-expression skills and skills in reflective listening. Empowerment cannot occur in a team unless members are able to express themselves in emotionally intelligent ways as well as listen carefully to one another.

The absence of heartfelt communication in relationships leads to loneliness and social isolation. This condition has been labeled _____ by James Lynch. communicative disease anti-social condition relationship overload emotional competence disease

communicative disease

Two of the important process issues in work teams are the managing of cooperative behaviors and the managing of _____.

competitive behaviors

Two of the important process issues in work teams are the managing of cooperative behaviors and the managing of _____.

competitive behaviors two of the important process issues in work teams are the managing of cooperative behaviors and the managing of competitive behaviors. Both sets of behaviors are helpful in task accomplishment, and they should be viewed as complementary.

44. In the context of the Situational Leadership model, a telling style involves:

considerable task behavior and low relationship behavior.

In the context of the Situational Leadership model, a telling style involves:

considerable task behavior and low relationship behavior.

In the context of the Vroom-Yetton-Jago normative decision model, the term _____ means that a manager presents the problem to the group members individually, gets their input, and then makes the decision. (A) decide individually (B) consult individually (C) facilitate (D) delegate

consult individually

54. In the context of influence tactics, _____ is particularly effective for gaining support and resources for a new project.

consultation

In the context of influence tactics, _____ is particularly effective for gaining support and resources for a new project.​

consultation

In the context of influence tactics, _____ is particularly effective for gaining support and resources for a new project. (A) consultation (B) rational persuasion (C) pressure (D) principled dissent

consultation

43. The right half of the brain is the center for _____.

creativity

Using a _____ made up of members from different departments improves coordination and reduces delays by allowing many activities to be performed at the same time rather than sequentially. (A) functional team (B) cross-functional team (C) resource oriented team (D) self-directed team

cross-functional team

A key to recognizing a dysfunctional conflict is that: a. it arises from thinking of new ways to approach problems. b. it arises from someone challenging old policies. c. it is often cognitive in origin. d. it is often emotional or behavioral in origin.

d

Which of the following is true of individuals with disabilities in the United States? a. Their unemployment rate is less than 10 percent. b. They make up less than 20 million of the U.S. population. c. Their employment conditions are not protected by any law. d. They are an underutilized human resource.

d. They are an underutilized human resource.

17. A leader with a(n) _____ uses interaction and collaboration with followers to direct work and the work environment.

democratic style

A leader with a(n) _____ uses interaction and collaboration with followers to direct work and the work environment.

democratic style

35. Conflicts that emerge as a result of equal versus equal relationships in organizations can lead to _____.

depression

11. Personal factors of conflict in an organization arise from:

differences in individuals' values and ethics.

In an emergency situation, such as a life-threatening trauma in an emergency room, a supervisor must be: sensitive to employees' feelings. an empathetic communicator. an apprehensive communicator. direct and assertive.

direct and assertive.

As a supervisor in an emergency situation, you should be:

directive and assertive

In an emergency situation, like a life-threatening trauma in an emergency room, a supervisor must be:

directive and assertive.

38. In the context of the path-goal theory of leadership, the _____ is used when a leader must give specific guidance about work tasks, schedule work, and let followers know what is expected.

directive style

39. An aggressive mechanism in which an individual directs his or her anger toward someone who is not the source of a conflict is called _____.

displacement

34. Anne, a manager at Punst, increases the salary of Susan, one of her employees, by 30 percent because she likes Susan. But for the other employees, she increases the salary by only 20 percent regardless of their performance. In this scenario, Anne's behavior is unethical as it violates the criterion of:

distributive justice.

Anne, a manager, increases the salary of Susan, one of her employees, by 30 percent because she likes Susan. But for the others, she increases the salary by only 20 percent. In this scenario, Anne's behavior is unethical as it violates the criteria of:​

distributive justice.​

Individuals who are subordinately defensive: are egotistical. do not adequately assert their thoughts. exhibit domineering behavior. do not exhibit submissive behavior.

do not adequately assert their thoughts.

Polyphasic activity is:​

doing more than one thing at a time, or multitasking.

Polyphasic activity is known as:

doing more than one thing at time

People who are egotistical are likely to exhibit:​

dominant defensiveness.

61. The disadvantages of group decision making include:

domination of a group by one forceful member.

Jack, a sales manager, is confronted by Jessica, a dissatisfied customer. Jessica claims that she has received a defective piece of merchandise and wants to make a complaint. Jack tells her that she needs to fill out a complaint form, which will be reviewed by the frontline staff, and recorded into the complaint-handling system. After that, the senior management would conduct an investigation on her complaint and give her a response within 20 working days. The conflict resolution technique used by Jack in this situation is called _____. (A) distributive bargaining (B) administrative orbiting (C) due process nonaction (D) character assassination

due process nonaction

Competition between groups must be managed carefully so that it does not escalate into a(n): (A) intragroup conflict. (B) dysfunctional conflict. (C) functional conflict. (D) interorganizational conflict

dysfunctional conflict

Participative decision making is associated with: (A) the ability to know the possibilities of a situation. (B) less creativity among employees. (C) reduced productivity. (D) employee job satisfaction

employee job satisfaction

15. For legitimate power to be effective:

employees must believe that their manager has the right to tell them what to do.

For legitimate power to be effective:

employees must believe that their manager has the right to tell them what to do.

All of the following except _____ can be used by a supervisor to reduce communication barriers.

encouraging men and women to interact the same way

31. Continuing to support a failing course of action is known as _____.

escalation of commitment

In situations characterized by _____, individuals who make decisions that turn out to be poor choices tend to hold fast to those choices, even when substantial costs are incurred. (A) escalation of commitment (B) path dependency (C) group polarization (D) participative decision making

escalation of commitment

A steady state of bodily functioning and equilibrium is called _____. allostasis burnout homeostasis eustress

eustress

The key elements in a person's work and nonwork social support system provide _____.

evaluative feedback

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of nondefensive communication and behavior?

evasive

24. In the context of forms of interpersonal power, vital skills, abilities, and knowledge are passed on within an organization through _____.

expert power

In the context of forms of interpersonal power, vital skills, abilities, and knowledge are passed on within an organization through _____.

expert power

Empowerment should begin with job context and proceed to job content.​

false

Failure to achieve psychological intimacy may result in social isolation.

false

Influence is only exercised upward within an organization

false

Referent power is the power that exists when an agent has specialized knowledge or skills that a target needs.​

false

To use reward power effectively, employees must believe that a manager has the right to tell them what to do.​

false

When both men and women witness political behavior, they view it negatively if the agent is of their gender and the target is of the opposite gender.​

false

Organizational performance of a CEO peaks toward the end of his or her tenure.

false Organizational performance increases during a CEO's tenure to a peak, after which performance declines. Hambrick and Fukutomi found five seasons in a CEO's tenure: (1) response to a mandate, (2) experimentation, (3) selection of an enduring theme, (4) convergence, and (5) dysfunction.

Task functions are those activities essential to the effective, satisfying interpersonal relationships within a group or team.

false Task functions are those activities directly related to the effective completion of the team's work. For example, the task of initiating activity involves suggesting ideas, defining problems, and proposing approaches and/or solutions to problems.

The presence of a wild turkey in the upper echelons is always a negative force.

false The presence of a wild turkey in the top management team can be a particularly positive force. The wild turkey is a devil's advocate who challenges the thinking of the CEO and other top executives and provides a counterpoint during debates.

24. An employee-oriented leadership style leads to a work environment that:

focuses on relationships.

An employee-oriented leadership style leads to a work environment that:

focuses on relationships.

To coerce someone into doing something means to: (A) engage in role modeling. (B) exercise power consistently. (C) threaten his or her selfesteem. (D) force the person to do it

force the person to do it

12. To coerce someone into doing something means to:

force the person to do it.

To coerce someone into doing something means to:

force the person to do it.

To coerce someone into doing something means to:

force the person to do it.​

In the context of information power, _____ is the spin that managers put on information.​

framing​

63. The _____ represents a trend in organizations wherein more women are placed in difficult leadership situations.

glass cliff

People who have _____ resist strain reactions when subjected to stressful events more effectively than do people who are not sturdy.

hardy personalities

65. For integrative negotiation to be successful, parties involved in a conflict should:

have a common goal.

One of the reasons managers face limits to their rationality is that they: (A) are aware of all the possible alternatives. (B) must make decisions under risk and time pressure. (C) have a consistent system of preferences. (D) do not calculate the probability of success for each alternative

have a consistent system of preferences

48. According to leader-member exchange theory, in contrast to out-group members, in-group members:

have higher organizational commitment.

In the context of managing intrapersonal conflicts, political skills can: (A) help people crystallize their values and serve as opportunities for personal growth. (B) help understand power networks in organizations. (C) help resolve conflicts by enabling an individual to direct anger toward someone who is not the source of the conflict. (D) help buffer the negative effects of stress that stem from role conflicts

help buffer the negative effects of stress that stem from role conflicts

31. Actions that are effective in preventing or resolving intrapersonal conflict include:

identifying values of an organization, role analysis, and political skills.

53. In the context of creativity, _____ is a process of reflective thought and is often conducted subconsciously.

incubation

58. In the context of changing structure of an organization, a(n) _____ is a liaison between groups with very different interests.

integrator

An effective group must have a(n) _____, especially when the group is a cross-functional one, where different perspectives carry the seeds of conflict.

integrator

In the context of changing structure of an organization, a(n) _____ is a liaison between groups with very different interests. (A) integrator (B) role incumbent (C) team sender (D) investigator

integrator

An effective group must have a(n) _____, especially when the group is a cross-functional one, where different perspectives carry the seeds of conflict.

integrator An effective group must have an integrator, especially when the group is a cross-functional one, where different perspectives carry the seeds of conflict. However, cross-functional teams are not necessarily a problem.

34. Sheela, an employee at CurryMart, confronts her manager, Ben, after realizing that her monthly pay has been reduced. Ben justifies this act by saying that the company incurred huge losses in the previous year and the employees must contribute to minimize the overall loss. However, Sheela is not happy about it, and she does not think that it is fair for the employees to pay for the company's losses. In the given scenario, it is likely that a(n) _____ would emerge within the organization.

interpersonal conflict

Shayla is a dissatisfied customer who feels she has been cheated by Martin, a salesman. She confronts him angrily and demands a refund. This scenario is an example of a(n) _____. (A) person-role conflict (B) interpersonal conflict (C) work-role conflict (D) interrole conflict

interpersonal conflict

25. Work-home conflict is an example of _____.

interrole conflict

Americans generally do not like to communicate with one another within their:

intimate distance

69. In the context of empowerment, _____ consists of the tasks and procedures necessary for doing a particular job.

job content

In the context of empowerment, _____ consists of the tasks and procedures necessary for doing a particular job. (A) job content (B) competence (C) job context (D) meaning

job content

70. In the context of empowerment, _____ includes the way a job fits into an organization's mission, goals, and objectives.

job context

In nonverbal communication, the study of body movements, including posture, is known as:

kinesics

Ralph, a secret service agent, interrogates a criminal suspect. Ralph carefully observes the suspect's body movements and notices him clenching his teeth, drumming his fingers, and profusely perspiring. Given this information, it is evident that Ralph is well versed in _____. phonemics proxemics chronemics kinesics

kinesics

Ralph, an FBI agent, interrogates a criminal suspect. Ralph carefully observes the suspect's body movements and notices him clenching his teeth, drumming his fingers, and profusely perspiring. Given this information, it is evident that Ralph is engaging in _____.​

kinesics

19. A(n) _____ abdicates the authority and responsibility of the position, and this style often results in chaos.

laissez-faire leader

The basic idea behind leader-member exchange theory is that: (A) followership is based on member perceptions of equity. (B) leaders form two groups of followers: in-groups and out-groups. (C) leadership effectiveness is determined by the degree of fit between the leader and the situation. (D) leaders adapt their behavior to fit the characteristics of the work environment

leaders form two groups of followers: in-groups and out-groups

In the context of team diversity, a member who contributes to the team's functions through the communicator style:

listens well, facilitates the group's process, and humanizes the collective effort.

1. Emotional intelligence is referred to:

the ability to control one's emotions and perceive emotions in others.

Janice feels uncomfortable working late hours in office every day. She decides to discuss the matter with her boss, Merwyn. Being a recent hire, she is hesitant and nervous to complain so early in her tenure. As she begins to speak, Merwyn notices anxiety and discomfort in her facial expression and body language. Using reflective listening, in response to Janice's concerns, Merwyn should first:

make affirming contact with Janice.

Self-managed teams are teams that:

make decisions that were once reserved for managers. Self-managed teams, also called self-directed teams or autonomous work groups, are teams that make decisions that were once reserved for managers. Self-managed teams are one way to implement empowerment in organizations.

To use reward power effectively, a manager should: (A) make the connection clear between the behavior being rewarded and the reward. (B) not be explicit about the behavior being rewarded. (C) inform subordinates of rules and penalties. (D) not select subordinates similar to himself/herself

make the connection clear between the behavior being rewarded and the reward

The _____ involves planning and budgeting, organizing and staffing, and controlling and problem solving.

management process

The _____ involves planning and budgeting, organizing and staffing, and controlling and problem solving. (A) specialization process (B) management process (C) leadership process (D) functional process

management process

In the context of the cognitive appraisal approach to stress, problem-focused coping emphasizes:

managing the stressor.

8. In the context of the decision-making process, after a solution is implemented, the next step is to:

monitor the situation.

The advantages of group decision making include: (A) no pressure within the group to conform and fit in. (B) more knowledge through the pooling of group member resources. (C) less amount of time required. (D) decreased acceptance of and commitment to the decision

more knowledge through the pooling of group member resources

24. One of the reasons managers face limits to their rationality is that they:

must make decisions under risk and time pressure.

41. A defense mechanism in which a person responds with pessimism to any attempt at solving a problem is known as _____.

negativism

A defense mechanism in which a person responds with pessimism to any attempt at solving a problem is known as _____. (A) negativism (B) rationalization (C) displacement (D) withdrawal

negativism

In the context of empowerment skills, the most critical process skills include _____.

negotiating skills

Alex, a manager at WizzWare Inc., is in charge of making a decision about merging with another company. This decision is a _____. (A) programmed decision (B) simple decision (C) routine decision (D) nonprogrammed decision

nonprogrammed decision

Alex, the CEO of WizzWare Inc., is in charge of making the decision about merging WizzWare Inc. with another company. This decision is a _____.

nonprogrammed decision

As much as 65 to 90 percent of the substance or content of a message sent in person can be through:

nonverbal communication

The key to the _____ is that a manager should use the decision method most appropriate for a given decision situation. (A) situational decision making model (B) normative decision model (C) rational decision making model (D) contingency theory of leadership

normative decision model

Palnoz, an education company, recently launched its animation team. The members of the new team are aware of each other's roles and responsibilities and make decisions on task accomplishment. In the context of Bruce Tuckman's five-stage model of group development, the animation team at Palnoz is in the _____ stage.

norming

In the context of written communication in office, _____ explain how to perform various tasks and resolve problems that may occur at work. policy manuals operations manuals memorandums letters

operations manuals

31. In the context of the Leadership Grid, the _____ uses whichever leadership style will maximize self-benefit.

opportunistic what's-in-it-for-me manager

In the rational model, the decision maker strives to: (A) satisfice. (B) optimize. (C) support a failing course of action. (D) develop shortcuts

optimize

In the rational model of decision making, the decision maker strives to:

optimize.

25. In the context of the Leadership Grid, the _____ is a middle-of-the-road leader who has a medium concern for people and production.

organization man manager

In the context of the Leadership Grid, the _____ is a middle-of-the-road leader who has a medium concern for people and production.

organization man manager

In the context of leader-member exchange theory, _____ are outside the circle and receive less attention and fewer rewards. (A) transactional leaders (B) transformational leaders (C) out-group members (D) in-group members

out-group members

Costs of organizational distress such as absenteeism, tardiness, strikes, work stoppages, and turnover are known as _____.

participation problems

Three major costs of organizational distress are:​

participation problems, performance decrements, and compensation awards.​

Subordinate defensiveness is characterized by _____. passive behavior overtly aggressive behavior domineering behavior verbal harassment

passive behavior

30. In the context of the Leadership Grid, the _____ promises reward for compliance and threatens punishment for noncompliance.

paternalistic father-knows-best manager

42. The _____ assumes that leaders adapt their behavior and style to fit the characteristics of the followers and the environment in which they work.

path-goal theory

Jeff, a café attendant at Tasty bakery, doubts the freshness of the bread in the bakery and requests his manager for fresh stock. However, the manager overlooks Jeff's concern and instructs him to serve the unsold bread first. In this scenario, Jeff is likely to experience _____. role ambiguity person-role conflict interrole conflict non-role conflict

person-role conflict

In the context of territorial space, friends typically interact within the: intimate space zone. personal distance zone. social distance zone. public distance zone.

personal distance zone.

36. According to McClelland, people who approach relationships with an exchange orientation often use _____ to ensure that they get at least their fair share—and often more—in the relations.

personal power

According to McClelland, people who approach relationships with an exchange orientation often use _____ to ensure that they get at least their fair share-and often more-in the relationship.​

personal power

According to McClelland, the two faces of power are: (A) coercive power and reward power. (B) legitimate power and illegitimate power. (C) personal power and social power. (D) interpersonal power and intrapersonal power

personal power and social power

According to David McClelland, the two faces of power are:

personal power and social power.

According to McClelland, the two faces of power are:​

personal power and social power.​

The use of new technologies encourages what kind of activity?

polyphasic

36. In the context of situational favorableness, _____ refers to the authority associated with a leader's formal post in an organization.

position power

In the context of situational favorableness, _____ refers to the authority associated with the leader's formal position in the organization. (A) transactional leadership (B) transformational leadership (C) position power (D) task structure

position power

Enlarging an individual's zone of indifference is best accomplished with _____. (A) authority (B) ingratiation (C) power (D) consultation

power

In the context of empowerment skills, the most critical _____ include negotiating skills, especially with allies, opponents, and adversaries.

process skills In the context of empowerment skills, the most critical process skills include negotiating skills, especially with allies, opponents, and adversaries. Allies are the easiest people to negotiate with because they agree with you about the team's mission and you can trust their actions and behavior.

A leader following a(n) _____ uses direct, close supervision or many written and unwritten rules and regulations to control behavior.

production-oriented leadership style

Sania is conducting a survey to determine the average social distance in corporate offices in her city. By conducting this survey, Sania is engaging in _____.

proxemics

64. A _____ is a small group of employees who work voluntarily on company time, typically one hour per week, to address work-related problems such as quality control, cost reduction, production planning and techniques, and even product design.

quality circle

A _____ is a small group of employees who work voluntarily on company time, typically one hour per week, to address work-related problems such as quality control, cost reduction, production planning and techniques, and even product design. (A) quality circle (B) quality team (C) social group (D) planning team

quality circle

According to leader-member exchange theory, in contrast to in-group members, out-group members:

receive less attention.

In the context of inspirational leadership, transformational leaders: (A) rely on their personal attributes instead of their official position to manage followers. (B) use rewards and punishment to strike deals with followers and shape their behavior. (C) have great concern for people and little concern for production. (D) attempt to balance a concern for people and production without a commitment to either

rely on their personal attributes instead of their official position to manage followers

Jenny, a manager at ThetaLearn, offers her employees an incentive of $15 for every blog post on the company's website. This helps the company display new blog posts every day on their website. In the context of interpersonal forms of power, Jenny is using _____.

reward power

Actions that are effective in managing intrapersonal conflict include: (A) role analysis and identifying values of an organization. (B) identification of the power networks in an organization. (C) field analysis and personality inventory analysis. (D) identification of functional and dysfunctional conflict

role analysis and identifying values of an organization

You are chairing quality circle meetings with your employees and want to maximize opportunities for all to speak and contribute. The seating arrangement and table shape to accomplish this should be:

round

51. In the context of ineffective techniques for dealing with conflict, _____ is attempting to hide a conflict or an issue that has the potential to create conflict.

secrecy

In the context of ineffective techniques for dealing with conflict, _____ is attempting to hide a conflict or an issue that has the potential to create conflict. (A) flight (B) secrecy (C) nonaction (D) fantasy

secrecy

An effective method to reduce or overcome barriers to communication due to gender differences is to:

seek clarification meaning

Unlike leaders, managers:

seek moderate risk through coordination and balance.

Steve, a member of Research and Development team at SourceQuestions, feels that his ideas and suggestions are always dismissed by his manager. As a result, Steve relies on the efforts and suggestions of his teammates and fails to contribute any new ideas to the team. In the context of group behavior, Steve's actions can be described as _____.

social loafing

13. NatePhones is a leading manufacturer of smartphones. The company announces the launch of its new product by the end of 2018. This leads to conflict between the company's marketing and production teams. The production team argues that the new product cannot be completed by the end of 2018, while the marketing team argues that the launch of the new product after 2018 will minimize the company's competitive advantage. In this scenario, the structural factor for conflict among the two teams is _____.

specialization

Defensive communication can lead to:

strained working relationships

25. In the context of intergroup sources of power, _____ are activities that other groups depend on to complete their tasks.

strategic contingencies

In the context of intergroup sources of power, _____ are activities that other groups depend on to complete their tasks.

strategic contingencies

The effects of political behavior in organizations can be negative when the political behavior is: (A) seen as the only means by which to accomplish something. (B) strategically undertaken to maximize self-interest. (C) used for impression management. (D) aligned with organizational goals

strategically undertaken to maximize self-interest

48. The effects of political behavior in organizations can be negative when the political behavior is:

strategically undertaken to maximize self-interest.

The effects of political behavior in organizations can be negative when the political behavior is:

strategically undertaken to maximize self-interest.

The effects of political behavior in organizations can be negative when the political behavior is:

strategically undertaken to maximize self-interest.​

Escalation of commitment occurs when managers:

strive to reduce their cognitive dissonance.

An organizational goal that is more important to both parties in a conflict than their individual or group goals is a(n) _____. (A) superordinate goal (B) strategic goal (C) intermediate goal (D) operational goal

superordinate goal

69. The organizational foundations include a _____ that is essential because of the uncertainty within an organization.

supportive organizational culture

The organizational foundations include a _____ that is essential because of the uncertainty within the organization. (A) nominal group technique (B) social organizational scheme (C) supportive organizational culture (D) social comparison approach

supportive organizational culture

39. In the context of the path-goal theory of leadership, the _____ is used when a leader needs to express concern for followers' well-being and social status.

supportive style

A(n) _____ of behavior is used when a leader needs to express concern for followers' well-being and social status. (A) supportive style (B) directive style (C) participative style (D) achievement-oriented style

supportive style

In the context of the path-goal theory of leadership, the _____ is used when a leader needs to express concern for followers' well-being and social status.

supportive style

2. In the context of power, the recipient of the attempt to use power is known as the _____.

target

In the context of power, the recipient of the attempt to use power is known as a(n) _____. (A) target (B) Machiavellian (C) agent (D) altruist

target

In the context of power, the recipient of the attempt to use power is known as the _____.

target

The job strain model suggests that: employee participation in goal setting increases job strain on managers. low self-determination and counterdependence lead to a low-strain job. points of confusion and conflict in a job become opportunities for clarification and resolution. the combination of stringent demands and restricted control leads to a high-strain job.

the combination of stringent demands and restricted control leads to a high-strain job.

Role ambiguity is:

the confusion a person experiences in relation to the expectations of others.

12. The rational model of decision making assumes that:

the decision maker can calculate the probability of success for each alternative.

The rational model of decision making assumes that:

the decision maker can calculate the probability of success for each alternative.

To diagnose a conflict as functional or dysfunctional, a manager must look at: (A) the employees' ability to adapt to change and manage adversity. (B) the issue, the context of the conflict, and the parties involved. (C) the expenses that will be borne by the company to solve the conflict. (D) the views of the top-level decision takers

the issue, the context of the conflict, and the parties involved

40. In the context of the path-goal theory of leadership, the participative style is used when:

the leader must engage in joint decision-making activities with followers.

According to the group development model proposed by Warren Bennis and Herbert Shepard, the task issues that are addressed by a group include:

the mission of the group. The task issues include the mission or purpose of the group, the methods the group employs, and the outcomes expected of the group. One logical group development model proposed by Warren Bennis and Herbert Shepard delineates four stages following the group's formation: mutual acceptance, decision making, motivation and commitment, and control and sanctions.

How a person sees himself or herself, both positively and negatively, is called _____. the ego-ideal self-esteem self-efficacy the self-image

the self-image

67. Recent research examining the effects of cultural diversity on decision making has found that when individuals in a group are racially dissimilar, _____.

they arrive at better decisions than racially similar groups

Recent research examining the effects of cultural diversity on decision making has found that when individuals in a group are racially dissimilar, _____. (A) they engage in less open information sharing (B) they discourage dissenting perspectives (C) they arrive at better decisions than racially similar groups (D) they tend to make decisions slower than racially similar groups

they arrive at better decisions than racially similar groups

A main method to overcome physical separation as a barrier to communication is:

to increase the use of face-to-face communication

The key to conflict management is: (A) to prevent or resolve dysfunctional conflict. (B) to discourage functional conflict. (C) to enhance creativity in an organization. (D) to improve work relationship between two parties

to prevent or resolve dysfunctional conflict

Selena, the head architect of a government firm, is called for a meeting with her boss. Her boss expresses his concern about a collapsing dam at one of the hydroelectric power plants. Using reflective listening, when responding to her boss, Selena should avoid:

too much direct eye contact with him.

55. In the context of inspirational leadership, _____ consists of the following four subdimensions: charisma, individualized consideration, inspirational motivation, and intellectual stimulation.

transformational leadership

In the context of inspirational leadership, _____ consists of the following four subdimensions: charisma, individualized consideration, inspirational motivation, and intellectual stimulation. (A) autocratic leadership (B) laissez-faire leadership (C) transformational leadership (D) transactional leadership

transformational leadership

32. In the context of using power ethically, managers should _____ for the ethical use of referent power.

treat subordinates fairly

Sean, a manager, threatens Will, his employee, with a decrement in salary if Will reveals the embezzling habits of Sean to the auditor. In this scenario, Sean is using his coercive power.​

true

Team creativity and divergent thinking can be enhanced through greater diversity in teams, electronic brainstorming, training facilitators, and building a playground.

true Leigh Thompson, a management and organizations professor at Northwestern University, thinks differently and suggests that team creativity and divergent thinking can be enhanced through greater diversity in teams, electronic brainstorming, training facilitators, membership change in teams, and building a playground. These practices can overcome social loafing, conformity, and downward norm setting in teams and organizations.

20. In the context of intergroup conflict, managers should encourage social interactions across groups so that:

trust can be developed between members of different groups.

59. In the context of social decision schemes, the _____ predicts that the correct decision will emerge as an increasing number of members realize its appropriateness.

truth-wins rule

Managers using coercive power may: (A) maintain credibility. (B) exercise power consistently or engage in role modeling. (C) verbally abuse employees or withhold support from them. (D) be cordial and polite

verbally abuse employees or withhold support from them

68. The competing style of conflict management should be used:

when quick, decisive action is vital.

41. Research indicates that _____.

women are more risk averse than men

Research indicates that _____.

women are more risk averse than men

Which form of communication has high to moderate data capacity and moderate to low information richness?

written communication

As a supervisor, you decide you need to communicate with several of your employees about below standard or unsatisfactory work. Which of the following would be the best way to send your message?

written memo followed by a face-to-face meeting

68. In the context of followership, _____ are the most dangerous to a leader because they are the most likely to give a false positive reaction and give no warning of potential pitfalls.

yes people

If a manager makes a request to his or her employee and the employee thinks that the manager has no right to make that request, then the request falls outside the employee's: (A) political behavior. (B) zone of indifference. (C) referent power. (D) job content.

zone of indifference

7. If a manager makes a request to his or her employee and the employee thinks that the manager has no right to make that request, then the request falls outside the employee's:

zone of indifference.