MHS Unit 2 Body and Behavior Review

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the neural chain of events set in motion by an environmental stimulus? A. Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectors B. Receptors, efferent neurons, interneurons, afferent neurons, effectors C. Interneurons, effectors, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons D. Effectors, interneurons, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons E. Effectors, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons, interneurons

A. Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectors

Which of the following is true of a neuron in the resting state? A. The inside of the cell membrane is negative compared to the outside. B. The outside of the cell membrane is negative compared to the inside. C. The concentration of sodium ions is equal inside and outside of the cell membrane. D. Both the sodium and the potassium channels are open. E. The neuron is not polarized.

A. The inside of the cell membrane is negative compared to the outside.

Which of the following occurs when a neuron is stimulated to its threshold? A. The movements of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane creates an action potential. B. The neuron hyperpolarizes. C. Neurotransmitters are released from the dendrites. D. The absolute refractory period of the neuron prevents it from responding. E. The neuron's equilibrium potential is reached.

A. The movements of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane creates an action potential.

Curare blocks action at acetylcholine synapses and causes paralysis. This drug is an example of an A. antagonist B. agonist C. inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) D. excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) E. excitatory neurotransmitter

A. antagonist

The primary effect of the myelin sheath is to A. increase the velocity of conduction of the action potential along the axon B. increase the velocity of conduction of the action potential across the synapse C. facilitate the incoming stimulus signals at sensory receptors D. reduce the amount of unused neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft E. protect the terminal buttons of the neuron from destruction by enzymes

A. increase the velocity of conduction of the action potential along the axon

The function of dendrites is to A. receive information from other neurons B. secrete neurotransmitters to the postsynaptic neuron C. provide energy for the synthesis of acetylcholine D. connect the cell body with the terminal branches E. speed up transmission of synaptic neurotransmitters

A. receive information from other neurons

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia? A. Acetylcholine B. Dopamine C. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) D. Norepinephrine E. Serotonin

B. Dopamine

In extreme cases, surgically severing the corpus callosum is a treatment for which of the following conditions? A. Schizophrenia B. Epilepsy C. Narcolepsy D. Obsessive-compulsive disorder E. Major depressive disorder

B. Epilepsy

Juana accidentally touched a hot iron. She immediately drew back her hand. Which of the following is true about the withdrawal of her hand? A. It was initiated in the motor cortex. B. It was initiated in the spinal cord. C. It was a voluntary behavior. D. It was due to instructions from the brain. E. It was an operantly conditioned response.

B. It was initiated in the spinal cord.

Which of the following is brain-imaging technique that produces the most detailed picture of brain structure? A. Electroencephalography (EEG) B. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) C. Positron emission tomography (PET) D. Computerized axial tomography (CAT) E. Electromyography (EMG)

B. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

What hormone seems to be most closely linked with aggressive behavior? A. Estrogen B. Testosterone C. Melatonin D. Insulin E. Leptin

B. Testosterone

A person will most likely develop aphasia as a result of damage to which of the following parts of the brain? A. Occipital lobe B. Wernicke's area C. Auditory cortex D. Parietal lobe E. Basal ganglia

B. Wernicke's area

Painkilling substances produced by the brain are known as A. cortisols B. endorphins C. glucocorticoids D. pheromones E. hormones

B. endorphins

For most people, speech functions are primarily localized in the A. right cerebral hemisphere B. left cerebral hemisphere C. occipital lobe D. corpus callosum E. cerebellum

B. left cerebral hemisphere

The hypothesis that intelligence is in part inherited is best supported by the fact that the IQ correlation for A. pairs of twins reared together is greater than the correlation for pairs of twins reared apart B. pairs of identical twins is greater than for pairs of fraternal twins C. pairs of fraternal twins is greater than the correlation for other pairs of siblings D. adopted children and their adoptive parents is greater than zero E. adopted children and their adoptive parents is greater than the correlation for the same children and their biological parents

B. pairs of identical twins is greater than for pairs of fraternal twins

Which of the following correctly describes the firing of neurons? A. A protoplasmic transfer of ions B. A finely graded response C. An all-or-none response D. An osmotic process E. A symbiotic function

C. An all-or-none response

Which of the following is true of the reticular activating system? A. It is the major system in the brain for controlling emotions. B. It functions primarily in the control of motor responses. C. It regulates levels of arousal. D. It regulates body temperature. E. It controls the uptake of pituitary hormones.

C. It regulates levels of arousal.

In right-handed individuals, which of the following abilities is predominantly a function of the right hemisphere of the brain? A. Speech B. Writing C. Spatial reasoning D. Reading comprehension E. Language comprehension

C. Spatial reasoning

Neurotransmitters are typically stored in which of the following parts of a neuron? A. The nodes of Ranvier B. The myelin sheath C. The terminal buttons D. The soma E. The axon

C. The terminal buttons

The result of the evolutionary process that preserves traits that enhance the adaptation of an organism and suppresses traits that do not is called A. habituation B. accommodation C. natural Selection D. eugenics E. species assimilation

C. natural Selection

Damage to the occipital lobe would most likely affect a person's A. balance B. ability to develop plans C. vision D. fine motor movements E. language processing

C. vision

Electrically stimulating a rat's amygdala would most likely produce which of the following? A. Calmness B. A coma C. Memory loss D. Aggression E. Sleep

D. Aggression

An individual with damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to have difficulty A. identifying an object held in the hand but not seen B. planning what to wear to a party C. remembering the name of a person in a photograph D. comprehending a spoken request for information E. distinguishing between red and green

D. comprehending a spoken request for information

Treating a patient for Parkinson's disease includes administering a chemical that will lead to increases in the patient's A. monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) B. acetylcholine C. norepinephrine D. dopamine E. serotonin

D. dopamine

Immediately after firing, a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation. This condition is referred to as A. the action potential B. the threshold difference C. specific energy of the nerve D. the absolute refractory phase E. depolarization

D. the absolute refractory phase

Researchers looking to create a drug to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease would most likely focus their efforts on which of the following neurotransmitters? A. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B. Serotonin C. Norepinephrine D. Dopamine E. Acetylcholine

E. Acetylcholine

A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms? A. Forgetfulness B. Hearing difficulties C. Difficulty controlling balance and coordination D. Difficulty controlling emotions E. Difficulty with speech production

E. Difficulty with speech production

The nature-nurture issue is best exemplified by which of the following questions? A. Is perception accomplished by passive detection of images in the environment or by active detection of information? B. Is language acquisition fairly complete by the early school years, or are most linguistic forms mastered only in adolescence? C. Is gender identity most influenced by parental upbringing or by interaction with same-sex peers? D. Does development proceed through a series of stages, or is it continuous? E. Is level of intelligence the result of one's environment and specific learning, or is it a result of biological maturation?

E. Is level of intelligence the result of one's environment and specific learning, or is it a result of biological maturation?

Which of the following is a genetic disorder that results in a deficiency of a liver enzyme which, if not treated soon after birth, may eventually lead to profound mental retardation? A. Down syndrome B. Tay-Sachs disease C. Fetal alcohol syndrome D. Toxoplasmosis E. Phenylketonuria (PKU)

E. Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Which of the following provides information regarding brain function by monitoring the brain at work through metabolism of glucose? A. Computed tomography (CT) B. Electrooculography (EOG) C. Electroencephalography (EEG) D. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) E. Positron emission tomography (PET)

E. Positron emission tomography (PET)

The diagram above depicts the human body's A. immune system B. somatic nervous system C. parasympathetic nervous system D. sympathetic nervous system E. endocrine system

E. endocrine system

When people consume large amounts of alcohol, they are often unable to recall what they did and said while they were drinking. This occurs because alcohol interferes with the brain's ability to form new memories in the A. reticular formation B. occipital lobe C. parietal lobe D. thalamus E. hippocampus

E. hippocampus

Dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are all A. hormones excreted by the endocrine glands B. secretions of the exocrine glands C. drugs used in the therapeutic treatment of memory disorders D. enzymes involved with the degradation of interneuron signals E. neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse

E. neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse

The right occipital lobe receives visual information from the A. entire retina of the left eye B. entire retina of the right eye C. entire retina of both eyes D. left half of both retinas E. right half of both retinas

E. right half of both retinas