micro 14 -17

Which of the following statements is NOT true for the figure shown?

The space between the villi contains fetal blood.

Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are examples of

probiotics.

Which of the structures shown is most likely to harbor anaerobic bacteria?

tonsil

This figure illustrates the sensitization and subsequent degranulation associated with a

type I hypersensitivity.

According to the figure shown,

the presence of methanogens promotes bacterial fermentation.

When a protein is denatured, as this illustration shows, what is affected?

three-dimensional, or conformational, epitopes

Which of the following structures is part of the endothelial membrane shown?

tight junctions

Which of the areas shown in this figure are considered sterile?

. ureter and kidney

As information about the microbiome grows, treatments such as ___________ will become increasingly more important.

fecal transplant

The rash seen in this picture is indicative of

systemic lupus erythematosus.

Which of the following statements describes the appearance of a plasma cell?

Plasma cells have much more endoplasmic reticulum than naïve B cells to support the increased need for protein synthesis.

How does the presentation of superantigens differ from the presentation of normal antigens?

Superantigens do not require processing by antigen-presenting cells.

Based on the figure shown, the cell at the top of the figure must be a

TC cell

Antibodies are a part of

adaptive immunity. Adaptive immunity is an immune response activated by a specific antigen and mediated by B cells and T cells. Antibodies are secreted by mature B cells, called plasma cells. Therefore, antibodies are part of adaptive immunity.

Which of the materials below can freely cross the blood-brain barrier?

alcohol

The hairlike cilia shown at the top right of this figure are NOT found within the

alveoli. The trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles are lined by a ciliated mucous membrane. The ciliated mucous membrane forms the mucociliary escalator, which is designed to trap inhaled particles and move them superiorly to the pharynx. The mucociliary escalator plays an important role in preventing respiratory infections

A child receives her first diphtheria vaccine when she is 5 years old. Four weeks later, she receives a booster dose. One week after receiving the booster vaccine, her physician checks her serum titer to see if she is responding normally. Which of the following would indicate a normal response?

elevated levels of both IgM and IgG

The antigen shown at the bottom of this figure is capable of eliciting a response from the immune system. Which of the following terms best fills in the blank on the figure?

epitopes

This figure illustrates the concept of

herd immunity

Opsonization facilitates

phagocytosis.