Micro 3: CH 13

A) They are used for penetration.

3) Which of the following statements about spikes is false? A) They are used for penetration. B) They are used for absorption. C) They may cause hemagglutination. D) They are found only on enveloped viruses. E) They are found only on nonenveloped viruses.

B) Have the same genetic information and ecological niche.

30) A viral species is a group of viruses that A) Have the same morphology and nucleic acid. B) Have the same genetic information and ecological niche. C) Infect the same cells and cause the same disease. D) Can't be defined.

C) Hepadnaviridae and Retroviridae.

31) Viruses that have reverse transcriptase are in the A) Retroviridae and Picornaviridae. B) Herpesviridae and Retroviridae. C) Hepadnaviridae and Retroviridae. D) Bacteriophage families. E) Influenzavirus.

C) Hepadnaviridae.

32) DNA made from an RNA template will be incorporated into the virus capsid of A) Retroviridae. B) Herpesviridae. C) Hepadnaviridae. D) Bacteriophage families. E) Influenzavirus.

D) Viruses use their own catabolic enzymes.

33) Which of the following statements about viruses is false? A) Viruses contain DNA or RNA but never both. B) Viruses contain a protein coat. C) Viruses use the anabolic machinery of the cell. D) Viruses use their own catabolic enzymes. E) Viruses have genes.

D) 20,000

34) Approximately how many virus particles could fit along a 1-millimeter line? A) 2 B) 20 C) 200 D) 20,000 E) 2,000,000

A) Latent viruses.

35) Some viruses, such as human herpesvirus 1, infect a cell without causing symptoms; these are called A) Latent viruses. B) Lytic viruses. C) Phages. D) Slow viruses. E) Unconventional viruses.

E) e

37) Assume a patient had chickenpox (human herpesvirus 3) as a child. Which line on the graph in Figure 13.2 would show the number of viruses present in this person as a 60-year-old with shingles (human herpesvirus 3)? A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e

C) c

37) Assume a patient has influenza. During which time (on the graph in Figure 13.2) would the patient show the symptoms of the illness? A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e

E) Uncoating

38) The following steps occur during multiplication of herpesviruses. What is the third step? A) Attachment B) Biosynthesis C) Penetration D) Release E) Uncoating

A) Synthesis of double-stranded DNA

39) The following steps occur during multiplication of retroviruses. What is the fourth step? A) Synthesis of double-stranded DNA B) Synthesis of + RNA C) Attachment D) Penetration E) Uncoating

A) Biochemical tests

4) Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion to classify viruses? A) Biochemical tests B) Morphology C) Nucleic acid D) Size E) Number of capsomeres

D) Transduction.

40) Nontoxic strains of Vibrio cholerae can become toxic when they are in the human intestine with toxic strains of bacteria. This suggests that the toxin genes are acquired by A) Host enzymes. B) Prions. C) Reverse transcriptase. D) Transduction. E) None of the above

D) Synthesis of DNA

41) Which one of the following steps does NOT occur during multiplication of a picornavirus? A) Synthesis of + strands of RNA B) Synthesis of - strands of RNA C) Synthesis of viral proteins D) Synthesis of DNA E) None of the above

B) DNA polymerase

42) Which of the following is most likely a product of an early gene? A) Capsid proteins B) DNA polymerase C) Envelope proteins D) Spike proteins E) Lysozyme

C) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

43) Most RNA viruses carry which of the following enzymes? A) DNA-dependent DNA polymerase B) Lysozyme C) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase D) Reverse transcriptase E) ATP synthase

C) Synthesis of - strand RNA

44) The following steps occur during biosynthesis of a + strand RNA virus. What is the third step? A) Attachment B) Penetration and uncoating C) Synthesis of - strand RNA D) Synthesis of + strand RNA E) Synthesis of viral proteins

B) Segmented genome

45) What contributes to antigenic shift in influenza viruses? A) Worldwide distribution B) Segmented genome C) Attachment spikes D) Ease of transmission E) Different subtypes

B) In culture media

5) Which of the following is NOT a method of culturing viruses? A) In laboratory animals B) In culture media C) In embryonated eggs D) In cell culture E) None of the above

D) Biosynthesis

6) Bacteriophages and animal viruses do NOT differ significantly in which one of the following steps? A) Adsorption B) Penetration C) Uncoating D) Biosynthesis E) Release

A) Phage DNA is incorporated into host cell DNA.

7) The definition of lysogeny is A) Phage DNA is incorporated into host cell DNA. B) Lysis of the host cell due to a phage. C) The period during replication when virions are not present. D) When the burst time takes an unusually long time. E) Attachment of a phage to a cell.

B) A nonenveloped, infectious piece of RNA.

8) A viroid is A) A complete, infectious virus particle. B) A nonenveloped, infectious piece of RNA. C) A capsid without a nucleic acid. D) A provirus. E) An infectious protein.

B) b Looks like a rocket with legs

9) In Figure 13.1, which structure is a complex virus? A) a B) b C) c D) d E) All of the above

D) Viruses are not composed of cells.

1) In which of the following ways do viruses differ from bacteria? A) Viruses are filterable. B) Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. C) Viruses don't have any nucleic acid. D) Viruses are not composed of cells. E) Viruses don't reproduce.

D) Capsomeres.

10) In Figure 13.1, the structures illustrated are composed of A) DNA. B) RNA. C) DNA or RNA. D) Capsomeres. E) Capsids.

D) Plaque.

11) A clear area against a confluent "lawn" of bacteria is called a A) Phage. B) Pock. C) Cell lysis. D) Plaque. E) Rash.

D) Continuous cell lines can be maintained through an indefinite number of generations.

12) Continuous cell lines differ from primary cell lines in that A) Viruses can be grown in continuous cell lines. B) Continuous cell lines always have to be reisolated from animal tissues. C) Continuous cell lines are derived from primary cell lines. D) Continuous cell lines can be maintained through an indefinite number of generations. E) Continuous cell lines are from human embryos.

D) PSc

13) Which of the following is necessary for replication of a prion? A) DNA B) DNA polymerase C) Lysozyme D) PSc E) RNA

C) The disease process occurs gradually over a long period.

14) A persistent infection is an infection in which A) The virus remains in equilibrium with the host without causing a disease. B) Viral replication is unusually slow. C) The disease process occurs gradually over a long period. D) Host cells are gradually lysed. E) Host cells are transformed.

E) The prophage makes the host cell immune to infection by other phages.

15) Which of the following statements is false? A) A prophage is phage DNA inserted into a bacterial chromosome. B) A prophage can pop out of the chromosome. C) Prophage genes are represented by a repressor protein coded for by the prophage. D) A prophage may result in new properties of the host cell. E) The prophage makes the host cell immune to infection by other phages.

C) Immunity to reinfection by any phage.

16) Lysogeny can result in all of the following EXCEPT A) Immunity to reinfection by the same phage. B) Acquisition of new characteristics by the host cell. C) Immunity to reinfection by any phage. D) Transduction of specific genes. E) None of the above.

B) Synthesis of double-stranded RNA from an RNA template

17) Which of the following would be the first step in biosynthesis of a virus with a - strand of RNA? A) Synthesis of DNA from an RNA template B) Synthesis of double-stranded RNA from an RNA template C) Synthesis of double-stranded RNA from a DNA template D) Transcription of mRNA from DNA E) Synthesis of DNA from a DNA template

B) Prion.

18) An infectious protein is a A) Bacteriophage. B) Prion. C) Retrovirus. D) Viroid. E) Papovavirus.

E) Release

19) An envelope is acquired during which of the following steps? A) Penetration B) Adsorption C) Uncoating D) Biosynthesis E) Release

C) They cannot reproduce themselves outside a host.

2) Which of the following statements provides the most significant support for the idea that viruses are nonliving chemicals? A) They are not composed of cells. B) They are filterable. C) They cannot reproduce themselves outside a host. D) They cause diseases similar to those caused by chemicals. E) They are chemically simple.

E) All of the above.

20) Which of the following contributes to the difficulty in establishing the etiology of cancer? A) Most viral particles can infect cells without inducing cancer. B) Cancer may not develop until long after infection. C) Cancers do not seem to be contagious. D) Viruses are difficult to observe. E) All of the above.

B) Cold sores.

21) An example of a latent viral infection is A) Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. B) Cold sores. C) Influenza. D) Smallpox. E) Mumps.

C) Needlestick.

22) The most common route of accidental AIDS transmission to health care workers is A) Mouth to mouth. B) Fecal-oral. C) Needlestick. D) Aerosol. E) Environmental surface contact.

D) Togavirus

23) Assume you have isolated an unknown virus. It is a single-stranded RNA, enveloped virus. To which group does it most likely belong? A) Herpesvirus B) Picornavirus C) Retrovirus D) Togavirus E) Papovavirus

B) Picornavirus

24) To which group does a small, nonenveloped single-stranded RNA virus most likely belong? A) Herpesvirus B) Picornavirus C) Retrovirus D) Togavirus E) Papovavirus

C) Cancer following injection of cell-free filtrates.

25) The most conclusive evidence that viruses cause cancers is provided by A) Finding oncogenes in viruses. B) The presence of antibodies against viruses in cancer patients. C) Cancer following injection of cell-free filtrates. D) Treating cancer with antibodies. E) Some liver cancer patients having had hepatitis.

A) Lysozyme

26) Bacteriophages derive all of the following from the host cell EXCEPT A) Lysozyme. B) tRNA. C) Amino acids. D) Nucleotides. E) A.T.P.

C) Transfers specific DNA.

27) Generalized transduction differs from specialized transduction in that generalized transduction A) Kills the host. B) Transfers DNA from one cell to another. C) Transfers specific DNA. D) Involves lysogeny. E) Lyses the host cell.

C) DNA polymerase.

28) Generally, in a DNA-containing virus infection, the host animal cell supplies all of the following EXCEPT A) RNA polymerase. B) Nucleotides. C) DNA polymerase. D) tRNA. E) All of the above are supplied by the host animal cell.

B) 2, 3, 4, 1 DNA synthesis, Transcription, Translation, Maturation

29) Put the following in the correct order for DNA-virus replication: 1-Maturation; 2-DNA synthesis; 3-Transcription; 4-Translation. A) 1, 2, 3, 4 B) 2, 3, 4, 1 C) 3, 4, 1, 2 D) 4, 1, 2, 3 E) 4, 3, 2, 1