Micro Bio 215

Which of the following describes a viroid?

-It consist of RNA -It can infect plants

In microscopy, immersion oil must be used for viewing a specimen using with which lens?

100x

A sterile medium is characterized by which of the following?

An absence of viable microbes

The domains________ and ________are made up of prokaryotes.

Archaea, Bacteria

Procedures that minimize the chance of contaminating a pure culture are called _________ ___________.

Aseptic Technique.

Peptidoglycan provides strength to the cell walls of ____________.

Bacteria

Which of the following is a difference between archaea and bacteria?

Bacteria possess peptidoglycan in their cell walls whereas archaea do not

The use of Microorganisms to solve practical problems is the definition of...

Biotechnology

Eukaryotic organisms can be....

Multi-celled, Single-celled

The total magnification of an image seen using a light microscope is the product of the magnifying powers of the _________.

Objective lens and the ocular lens

Louis Pasteur helped disprove

Spontaneous generation

Members of the genus Staphylococcus are often referred to by the informal name...

Staphylococci

The_________ phase of the bacterial growth curve is when there are an equal number of cells dividing as there are dying.

Stationary

The plate shown was inoculated by the ________ plate method

Streak

Prions are misfolded proteins that cause_______.

The normal version of the protein to also misfold

In research bacteria often serve as _______,meaning that they are studied as a means to better understand processes fundamental to higher life forms.

model organisms

All of the following are commonly found in the algae EXCEPT....

peptidoglycan

The species name of Escherichia coli and Escherichia vulneris reflect the_________

site where the organism may be found

Which of the following are required for proper isolation of microorganisms?

- An agar plate - Inoculation tools

Which of the following are groupings of cells resulting from the division process?

- Chains - Cubical packets - Diplococci - Grape-like clusters

Which Eukaryotic cell types have a cell wall?

- Plant - Fungal

Which of the following describes aseptic techniques used in the laboratory?

- They are important to minimize the chance of contaminating pure cultures. - They are used to keep containers, media, and instruments sterile prior to use.

Members of which domains can be infected by viruses?

-Archaea -Bacteria -Eukarya

Match the type of magnifying lens in a compound microscope to the appropriate description.

-Objective Lens: series of lenses housed in a tube immediately above the object being viewed -Ocular lens: lens closest to the eye

Which of the following are classified as a acellular infectious agents?

-Prions -Viroids -Viruses

Why are cells sometimes difficult to see in a wet mount?

-Some move quickly -Some are transparent.

Which of the following is/are correct way(s) to write an organism's binomial name?

-Staphylococcus aureus -S. aureus

Which of the following is /are true regarding viruses?

-Viruses can only multiply within host cells -Outside of host cells, viruses are inactive

Put the phases in order for a normal bacterial growth curve, starting with the first phase of growth and ending with the last phase of growth.

1. Lag 2. Exponential 3. Stationary 4. Death

Identify the first four stages of the growth curve that corresponds to the numbers 1-4 on the figure

1. Lag 2. Exponential 3. Stationary 4. Death

Scientific Process

1. Make an observation about something and ask a question about the situation 2. Develop an explanation and then devise an experiment to test this explanation 3. Collect data from this experiment and draw a conclusion 4. Communicate the methods, results, and conclusions

If you were asked to buy the type of microscope most commonly used in microbiology laboratories for routine purposes (such as observing cell shape), which one would you select?

Light Microscope

Which of the following bacteria components is/are referred to as endotoxin?

Lipopolysaccharide

The outside layer of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is made up of ______________, which contains both lipid A and O antigen.

Lipopolysaccharides

Why do microorganisms serve as important models for study of higher organisms?

Microorganisms have the same fundamental metabolic and genetic properties as other organisms

In general, disease-causing organisms are referred to as which of the following ?

Pathogens

A flat covered container made from plastic or glass in which a solid culture medium can be added is called a ___________.

Petri dish

A microbiologist obtained two pure isolated.... What type of molecule would she be looking for to differentiate between the two?

Protein

The periplasm is filled with ________ important in many cellular activities.

Proteins

_______ power, also known as resolution, is the ability to show detail in an enlarged image.

Resolving

Compounds that interfere with the synthesis or structural integrity of peptidoglycan can __________.

Result in bursting of a bacterial cell

What is the method of choice to view surface details of cells?

Scanning electron microscopy

As important decomposers, fungi obtain nutrients by_______.

Secreting enzymes to degrade organic material in the environment.

Which of the following are characteristics of protozoa?

Single-celled eukaryotes

Although stocks of the causative agent still exist, humans have eradicated (eliminated) which of the following diseases?

Smallpox

The method of using a sterile loop to spread a small culture sample over a medium in a pattern that gradually thins out the sample, resulting in isolated colonies, is called which of the following ?

Streak plate method

Symptoms associated with small amounts of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the body tissue (such as muscle tissue) are due to __________.

The body's defense systems trying to remove the perceived invader

When bacteria or archaea are grown on agar plates or in tubes or flasks of broth, these closed systems are a ______ culture. By contrast, cells can also be grown in an open system, or a continuous culture.

batch

Using microorganisms to degrade toxic chemical spills is an example of....

biodegration

In algae, photosynthesis takes place in_____, which have chlorophyll, a green pigment.

chloroplasts

Fungi, algae, protozoa, and helminths are all...

eukaryotes

The work of Tyndall and Cohn

explained why some spontaneous generation investigators got different results from those of Pasteur.

The log phase of a normal growth curve is also referred to as the _________ phase.

exponential

In binary fission, the doubling time of a particular microbial species is also known as its_________time.

generation

For the name Streptococcus pyogenes, the first part (Streptococcus) indicates the _________ and gives information about the shape of the organism

genus

Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are in the same.....

genus

The term________refers to a multicellular parasite such as a roundworm or tapeworm.

helminth

Viruses may only be grown

in living cells.

The idea of spontaneous generation postulated that

living organisms could spontaneously arise from non-living material.

In the laboratory, a liquid or solid _________ provides nutrients for microbial growth.

medium

Spongiform encephalopathies are caused by infectious proteins. This information indicates that the infectious agent is a....

prion

Characteristics of archaea that are similar to bacteria include all of the following except their ...

ribosomal RNA sequences

Bacteria are good research models because they

share many biochemical and physiological properties with more complex organisms.

To indicate slight differences, members of the same species may be given_______designations.

strain

When an extensive amount of experimental advise supports a hypothesis, the explanation may become a scientific...

theory

Which is usually NOT true of archaea?

they reproduce by mitosis

Bioremediation refers to

using bacteria to clean up pollutants

Cervical cancer caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) can be prevented by a(n)...

vaccine

The scientist usually considered the first to see microorganisms, which he called "animalcules", was________.

van Leeuwenhoek

_________ electron microscopes are used to observe fine details of internal cell structure.

Transmission

T/F: Over the last 100 years, improvement in health have been in part due to using antibiotics to treat infectious diseases and vaccines to prevent them.

True

T/F: Some scientist could not reproduce the results of Pasteur's swan-necked flask experiment.

True: When scientist used hay instead of sugar or yeast to make the broth, growth occurred even after boiling.

When observing live organisms, the specimen is prepared with a drop of liquid on which a coverslip has been placed. This is called a____________.

Wet Mount

Which of the following is a single celled fungus?

Yeast

The polysaccharide found in marine algae that is commonly used to solidify culture media is called _________.

agar

A scientist discovers a new species... Given this information, this new species is most-likely a(n) ___________ cell in the ____________ domain.

algal; Eukarya

Peptidoglycan is found in the cell wall of....

bacteria

The two most common examples of endospore forming genera are_________ and _________.

Clostridium, Bacillus

A colorless microorganism against a colorless background is difficult to see in the bright-field microscope because of the low _________.

Contrast

When using a bright-field microscope, stained cells are usually easier to see than unstained cells because of increased___________.

Contrast

Which type of microscope makes unstained cells stand out as bright objects against a dark background?

Dark-field

In which phase of the growth curve are more cells dying than reproducing?

Death

An outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in England was controlled by_______.

Destroying million of pig, sheep, and cattle

If you discover a single celled organism that is 50 micrometers wide and has a nucleus and organelles, it belongs to which domain?

Eukarya

Ten cells of a pathogen may give rise to over 40,000 cells in only a matter of hours as a result of ___________.

Exponential multiplication

T/F: Chemicals that interfere with a process essential for all eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells can be used to selectively destroy fungi without harming human cells.

False

T/F: The Gram-negative cell wall has thicker peptidoglycan than the Gram-positive cell wall.

False

What long protein structures are responsible for most types of prokaryotic motility?

Flagella

The principle that microorganisms cause certain diseases is called the________Theory of Disease.

Germ

An endospore can survive harsh conditions and ___________, or exit the dormant stage.

Germinate

The disproving of spontaneous generation led to an era referred to as the_______.

Golden Age of Microbiology

The ______ stain technique allows a microbiologist to differentiate bacteria based on their cell wall composition/structure.

Gram

Which of the following infectious diseases killed more people in 1918-1919 than died in World Wars I and II combined?

Influenza

How does a bright-field microscope form its image?

It transmits light through a specimen.

_____ phase describes the initial phase after bacterial cells are placed into a new environment and are gearing up for cell division,but their numbers have not yet increased.

Lag

A regular light microscope has sufficient resolving power to distinguish________.

The general morphology of a prokaryotic cell

The streak plate technique works by using an inoculating loop to spread a bacterial sample in a pattern that thins it out, but this only works if ___________.

The inoculation loop is re-sterilized at each thinning step of the pattern.

If Pasteur had done his experiments investigation spontaneous generation in a horse stable using hay broths

The results would probably have supported the idea of spontaneous generation

Imagine you are a microbiologist trying to isolate new species of prokaryotes. You collect numerous samples and return to your lab, where you proceed to encourage any prokaryotes present to grow. Disappointingly, you are not successful. Which is the LEAST likely explanation for this outcome?

There were no prokaryotes present where you sampled.

When bacteria or archaea are grown on agar plates or in tubes or flasks of broth , these closed systems are a _______ culture. By contrast, cells can also be grown in an open system, or a continuous culture.

batch