Micro Chapter 5
17. There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _____ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia. A. microtubules B. active proteins C. cilia D. endoflagella E. filaments
A
19. The glycocalyx of a eukaryotic cell is A. mostly polysaccharides. B. also called the cell wall. C. composed of many diverse proteins. D. a protective mechanism against osmotic lysis. E. the site where many metabolic reactions occur.
A
21. Which of the following organisms has a cell wall? A. Candida albicans B. Entamoeba histolytica C. Enterobius vermicularis D. Trypanosoma cruzi
A
36. Chloroplasts are composed of membranous sacs called ______ that carry chlorophyll. Surrounding these sacs is a ground substance called ______. A. thylakoids; stroma B. grana; stroma C. cristae; matrix D. cristae; stroma E. thylakoid; matrix
A
50. The drug cytochalasin targets actin filaments in the cytoskeleton, preventing them from forming. Treatment of a cell with cytochalasin would result in its inability to ______. A. form cellular extensions B. transport substances within the cell C. form the nuclear envelope structure D. prevent mutations in its chromosome
A
7. The endosymbiotic theory has been developed to explain the emergence of ______. A. eukaryotes B. prokaryotes C. viruses D. bacteria E. archaea
A
73. A group of protozoa that are not motile are the ______. A. Plasmodium sp. B. ciliates C. amoebas D. dimorphics E. trophozoites
A
78. A specimen from a patient suffering diarrhea shows a one-celled organism in the microscope. The organism moves very slowly by protruding its cytoplasm. You would predict that the patient has an infection caused by ______. A. Entamoeba B. Toxoplasma C. Plasmodium D. Trichomonas E. Giardia
A
81. After returning from a trip to Africa, Tom feels tired and weak and has severe anemia. A blood smear reveals a protozoan in his blood and the health care provider diagnoses malaria. Which of the following could be the causative agent of this disease? A. Plasmodium vivax B. Giardia lamblia C. Trichophyton rubrum D. Taenia solium E. HIV
A
87. Larvae and eggs are developmental forms of ______. A. helminths B. protozoa C. fungi D. yeasts E. algae
A
9. Select that statement that reflects evidence that directly supports the endosymbiotic theory. A. The electron transport system is located in the cell membrane in bacteria, while in eukaryotes it is located in the mitochondrial cristae. B. Enzymes for photosynthesis are found embedded in membranes of the Golgi apparatus. C. Lysosomes contain their own DNA in the form of plasmids. D. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells.
A
11. Protists include ______. A. yeasts and molds B. algae and protozoa C. helminths D. viruses E. bacteria
B
16. Cilia are exhibited by certain ______. A. fungi B. protozoa C. algae D. viruses E. bacteria
B
22. Cell walls are not typically possessed by ______. A. algae B. protozoa C. fungi D. bacteria
B
3. A saprobe differs from a parasite in that A. a saprobe has the ability to undergo meiosis to produce sexual spores, but a parasite can only perform mitosis to produce asexual spores. B. a saprobe derives nutrients from dead plants and animals, but a parasite derives nutrients from living plants and animals. C. a saprobe has a pseudohyphae morphology, but a parasite has true hyphae. D. a saprobe is a fungus, but a parasite is a protozoan.
B
31. The passageways in the nuclear envelope for movement of substances between the nucleus and cytoplasm are called nuclear ______. A. histones B. pores C. chromatin D. endoplasmic reticulum E. inclusions
B
4. Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called ______. A. mutualistic B. saprobes C. free-living D. parasites E. antagonists
B
5. Endosymbiosis of cyanobacteria is widely accepted as an explanation for the development of chloroplasts. The presence of endosymbiotic cyanobacteria provided a cell with the advantage of ______. A. tolerance to oxygen B. photosynthesis C. an electron transport chain D. simple, rapid gene transfer E. a membrane-bound nucleus
B
51. Choose the correct order of the three main types of cytoskeletal elements in increasing order of size. A. Actin filaments, intermediate filaments, flagella B. Actin filaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules C. Microtubules, flagella, cilia D. Microtubules, intermediate filaments, actin filaments E. Microtubules, cilia, flagella
B
53. When fungal buds remain attached in a row following cell division, the resulting chains of yeast cells are called ______. A. mycelia B. pseudohyphae C. molds D. dimorphic E. septa
B
57. Which is not a characteristic of fungi? A. Heterotrophic nutrition B. Photosynthetic C. Include single-cell and filamentous forms D. Presence of cell walls
B
83. The two major groups of helminths are the ______ and the ______. A. roundworms; pinworms B. roundworms; flatworms C. tapeworms; flukes D. cestodes; trematodes
B
84. In humans, helminths generally infect the ______. A. nervous system B. gastrointestinal tract C. skin D. urinary tract E. muscular system
B
89. Larval development of helminths occurs in which host? A. Primary host B. Intermediate host C. Definitive host D. Transport host E. Larval development takes place in all hosts.
B
Multiple Choice Questions 35. Which organelle is found in algae but not in protozoa or fungi? A. Endoplasmic reticulum B. Chloroplasts C. Mitochondria D. Golgi apparatus E. Lysosomes
B
Multiple Choice Questions 66. Protozoan cells do not exhibit ______. A. motility B. a cell wall C. heterotrophic nutrition D. cyst formation E. ectoplasm and endoplasm
B
Multiple Choice Questions 71. Protozoa are classified into four groups based on ______. A. their pathogenicity B. how they move C. their required nutrients D. the resistance properties of their cysts
B
14. You are observing an organism under the microscope, and it is clearly multicellular with no cell walls. Your prediction is that this organism is a(n) ______. A. alga B. fungus C. helminth D. protozoan E. bacterium
C
29. When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible, thread-like mass called ______. A. nucleoplasm B. the nuclear envelope C. chromatin D. the nucleolus E. the nucleosome
C
45. Which organelle contains cristae where enzymes and electron carriers for aerobic respiration are found? A. Endoplasmic reticulum B. Golgi apparatus C. Mitochondrion D. Chloroplast E. Lysosome
C
46. Mitochondria possess all of the following except ______. A. cristae B. 70S ribosomes C. enzymes for photosynthesis D. electron carriers E. metabolic enzymes
C
6. The endosymbiotic theory says that precursor eukaryotic cells acquired cilia by endosymbiosis with a(n) _____ ancestor and others gained photosynthetic ability from endosymbiosis with a(n) _____ ancestor. A. archaeal, cyanobacterial B. protozoan, algal C. spiral, cyanobacterial D. helminth, algal
C
72. A protozoan having a flagellum would be classified in the genus ______. A. Entamoeba B. Toxoplasma C. Trypanosoma D. Enterobius E. Plasmodium
C
8. Biologists have found evidence that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic organisms by a process of intracellular ______. A. commensalism B. parasitism C. symbiosis D. mutualism
C
82. You are attempting to identify the type of helminth that has been isolated from a patient stool sample. The most important consideration to make this distinction is to A. examine the sample to see if microscopic eggs are present. B. ask the patient about recent food and water consumption. C. look at the gross anatomy to determine if the body is segmented or not. D. determine if the cells are eukaryotic or bacterial by looking for nuclei.
C
85. All of the following are helminths except ______. A. tapeworms B. flukes C. trypanosomes D. roundworms E. pinworms
C
88. Adulthood and mating of helminths occur in which host? A. Primary host B. Secondary host C. Definitive host D. Transport host E. Mating occurs in all hosts.
C
Multiple Choice Questions 41. The series of tunnel-like membranes functioning in transport and storage are the ______. A. chloroplasts B. Golgi apparatus C. endoplasmic reticulum D. mitochondria E. lysosomes
C
Multiple Choice Questions 56. Fungi that grow as yeasts at one temperature but as molds at another temperature are called ______. A. pseudohyphae B. spores C. dimorphic D. parasites E. saprobes
C
Multiple Choice Questions 75. A protozoan cyst differs from a helminth egg in that A. a cyst is metabolically active, but an egg is not. B. cysts have a uniform structure, but eggs have a wide variety of morphologies. C. the cyst can germinate to form the organism but the egg must be fertilized. D. the chromosome is free in the cytoplasm of a cyst, but enclosed in a nucleus in an egg.
C
10. Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A. Protozoa; unicellular B. Algae; multicellular C. Fungi; multicellular D. Protozoa; multicellular E. Helminths; multicellular F. Fungi; unicellular
D
15. Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella A. facilitate chemotaxis. B. are used for cell motility. C. are long, whip-like structures. D. contain microtubules. E. facilitate phototaxis.
D
2. Which of the following statements is correct? A. All saprobes are heterotrophic, but only some are parasitic. B. All heterotrophs are fungi, and include both parasites and saprobes. C. All heterotrophs are parasites, but only some are saprobes. D. All fungi, whether parasite or saprobe, are heterotrophs.
D
20. Which of the following is not a function of the eukaryotic glycocalyx? A. Protection B. Reception of chemical signals C. Adherence D. Movement
D
23. Chitin is a chemical component of the cell walls of ______. A. helminths B. protozoa C. algae D. fungi E. bacteria
D
24. The cell membranes of bacteria and eukaryotes are quite similar, differing only in A. the presence of phospholipids. B. being selectively permeable. C. the ability to transport wastes out of the cell. D. the presence of sterols. E. the presence of proteins in the bilayer.
D
25. The eukaryotic cell membrane is composed of ______. A. sterols B. proteins C. phospholipids D. sterols, proteins, and phospholipids E. sterols and phospholipids only
D
42. An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for secretion is the ______. A. mitochondrion B. endoplasmic reticulum C. chloroplast D. Golgi apparatus E. lysosome
D
43. The vesicle that originates from the Golgi apparatus and contains a variety of digestive enzymes is the ______. A. ribosome B. magnetosome C. centrosome D. lysosome E. inclusion
D
49. In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes have two locations. They are scattered in the ______ and on the surface of ______. A. nucleus; endoplasmic reticulum B. nucleus; Golgi apparatus C. cytoplasm; Golgi apparatus D. cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum
D
58. The intertwined mass of hyphae that constitutes the body of a mold is a ______. A. rhizoid B. bud C. stock D. mycelium E. stem
D
62. In producing beer and wine, humans have exploited the microbial ability to ferment sugar to alcohol. The microbes responsible for this process are ______. A. algae B. bacteria C. protozoans D. fungi
D
76. During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______. A. seed B. trophozoite C. endospore D. cyst E. sporozoa
D
80. Amoebic dysentery is most commonly contracted through A. contaminated blood products. B. insect bites. C. puncture wounds. D. the fecal-oral route from contaminated food or water. E. direct transmission from one host to another.
D
86. Which of the following does not pertain to helminths? A. Eggs and sperm used for reproduction B. Often alternate hosts in complex life cycles C. Parasitic worms D. Members of Kingdom Protista E. Have organ systems
D
91. Eating undercooked meat can lead to food-borne disease via helminthic infection. What is the common host for Taenia solium? A. Ducks B. Geese C. Cows D. Pigs E. Chickens
D
92. In the life cycle of the pinworm Enterobius, a common pediatric infection, the child carries the adult worm in his or her intestine. The adult worm releases eggs, which are transmitted out of the body in the feces. The child will scratch the itching anal region, picking up the worm eggs and re-inserting them into his or her mouth. For this helminth life cycle, the human is the ______ host. A. intermediate B. definitive C. primary D. intermediate and definitive
D
Multiple Choice Questions 39. The plasma cells of the immune system are responsible for secreting protein antibodies into the bloodstream. Within the plasma cell, the antibody moves through several organelles in what order? A. Ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome B. Ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles C. Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleolus, Golgi apparatus, vesicles D. Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vesicles E. Ribosomes, vesicles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus
D
Multiple Choice Questions 48. The size of a eukaryotic ribosome is ______. A. 40S B. 70S C. 50S D. 80S E. 30S
D
Multiple Choice Questions 61. Fungi reproduce sexually less frequently than asexually. What might be the reason behind this infrequency of sexual reproduction? A. Sexual reproduction requires two genetically different strains of the fungus to come together. B. Sexual reproduction is more energy-intensive than asexual reproduction. C. In asexual reproduction, one parent divides. D. All statements are true.
D
12. Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in bacterial cells? A. Nucleus B. Mitochondria C. Endoplasmic reticulum D. Lysosomes E. All of the choices are correct.
E
18. As part of their reproductive cycle, helminths produce egg and sperm cells. Both of these eukaryotic cell types have an outer surface composed of polysaccharides known as the ______. A. cell wall B. microtubule C. cell membrane D. cyst E. glycocalyx
E
30. Histones are A. on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum. B. found in polyribosomes. C. enzymes found in lysosomes. D. proteins of the cytoskeleton. E. proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus.
E
32. In eukaryotic cells, which of the following organelles contain DNA? A. Nucleus, nucleolus, and Golgi apparatus B. Nucleus, chloroplast, and peroxisome C. Nucleus, mitochondria, and Golgi apparatus D. Nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus E. Nucleus, chloroplast, and mitochondrion
E
37. Pfiesteria is a(n) ______ that produces a toxin harmful to humans. A. endospore B. protozoan C. helminth D. fungus E. alga
E
44. The eukaryotic cell organelle that most resembles a bacterial cell is the ______. A. lysosome B. Golgi apparatus C. ribosome D. nucleus E. mitochondrion
E
52. The cytoskeleton A. anchors organelles. B. provides architectural support. C. functions in movements of the cytoplasm. D. helps maintain cell shape. E. All of the choices are correct.
E
54. The long, thread-like branching cells of molds are called ______. A. pseudohyphae B. asci C. conidiophores D. septa E. hyphae
E
59. Fungal asexual spores A. produce offspring with different combinations of genes from the parent. B. cannot be seen using a light microscope. C. are produced when nutrients are limiting. D. are the products of meiotic division by a single parent cell. E. are used to identify fungi.
E
69. Protozoan endoplasm contains ______. A. cilia B. oral grooves C. ectoplasm D. flagella E. mitochondria
E
79. Which pair is mismatched? A. Histoplasma - causes Ohio Valley fever B. Giardia - transmitted by feces in drinking water C. Trichomonas - sexually transmitted D. Trypanosoma - causes African sleeping sickness E. Plasmodium - causes Chagas disease
E
90. Parasitic helminths have a highly developed ______ system to enhance host transmission. A. muscular B. nervous C. digestive D. respiratory E. reproductive
E
Multiple Choice Questions 28. The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______. A. Golgi apparatus B. nucleus C. ribosome D. lysosome E. nucleolus
E
Multiple Choice Questions 68. The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the ______. A. oocyst B. cyst C. sporozoite D. food vacuole E. trophozoite
E
27. The cell walls of fungi and algae are chemically identical to the bacterial cell wall. True False
False
34. The nuclear envelope is a single lipid layer. True False
False
64. In humans, fungi can only infect the skin. True False
False
65. All fungi cause some kind of disease in plants or animals. True False
False
True False Questions 26. The eukaryotic cell membrane is a bilayer of sterols. True False
False
True False Questions 55. All fungi can form hyphae.
False
True False Questions 67. There are no algae that can cause human disease. True False
False
True False Questions 70. Plankton are floating communities of helminths. True False
False
True False Questions 74. Algae are classified into divisions based principally on their type of motility. True False
False
True False Questions 33. Chromosomes are generally not visible by light microscopy unless the cell is undergoing nuclear division. True False
True
True False Questions 38. All algae have chloroplasts. True False
True
True False Questions 40. Rough endoplamic reticulum is studded with ribosomes. True False
True
True False Questions 47. Eukaryotic mitochondria have their own 70S ribosomes and circular DNA. True False
True
True False Questions 60. Fungi can reproduce both sexually and asexually. True False
True
True False Questions 63. Infections caused by fungi are called mycoses. True False
True
77. Protozoan cysts are A. analogous to bacterial endospores. B. part of all protozoan life cycles. C. the primary form of replication. D. necessary for transmission to a new host. E. are produced by binary fission.
a
In the condition called athlete's foot, the fungus Trichophyton consumes the keratin protein found in hair, nails, and dead skin. Which of the following descriptors does not apply to Trichophyton? A. Eukaryote B. Parasite C. Saprobe D. Heterotroph
c
13. You are observing an organism under the microscope and you note that it has a cell wall, no chloroplasts, and a nucleus. Your prediction would be that this organism is a(n) ______. A. alga B. protozoan C. bacterium D. fungus E. virus
d