Micro exam 1

The theory of evolution was once a _______ that was tested repeatedly and always supported by the data collected by various scientists around the world.

hypothesis

Choose the media categorization that includes enriched, selective, and differential media.

media categorized by it's purpose

The theory of evolution and the germ theory of disease are so called because

multiple experiments were designed and repeated to explain all aspects of the observed phenomena without disproving the original hypotheses.

Select the characteristic exhibited by viruses.

parasitic particles

What quality of microscopy is enhanced by the use of shorter wavelength of electron beams in electron microscopy versus the longer wavelength of visible light utilized in light microscopy?

resolution

Choose the term that describes motility media.

semisolid

Choose the statement or characteristic that best describes the current taxonomic system.

three distinct cell lines called domains as the highest taxonomic category

Select the type of microscope that allows for the visualization of intracellular organelles and viruses in thinly sliced specimen preparations.

transmission electron microscopy

Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.

true

Photosynthetic microorganisms contribute more oxygen to the atmosphere than plants.

true

Label the image to test your understanding of common measurements encountered in microbiology and the size range of microorganisms.

# 9....

Drag the images and/or statements to their corresponding class to test your understanding of the main types of microbes.

#10 HW 1

Move the terms into the correct empty boxes to complete the concept map.

#17 HW 1

Drag the images or descriptions to their corresponding class to test your understanding of the cellular organization and relative size of bacteria, eukaryotes, and viruses.

#18 HW 1

Drag and drop the labels into the correct empty boxes to complete the concept map.

#25...

Label the image to test your understanding of the current taxonomic system that first separates organisms into one of three domains.

#7 HW 1

What three components were required for magnification in the early microscopes?

- Single magnifying lense - use of reflected light - specimen holder

Select the elements necessary for good microscopy. (Check all that apply.)

- adequate magnification -contrast -resolution

Drag the images or descriptions to the correct type of microscope to test your understanding of different microscopes and the images that they produce.

- bright field microscope(common light microscope used in the general microbiology) -dark field microscope ( looks like a bunch of dark blue and green circles with black surrounding) -scanning electron microscope ( circle with blue half on left side and green half on right side) -fluorescent microscope ( green and red circles) -phase contrast microscope (black surrounding with blueish, yellow, and green circles in it with a bright white line surrounding the big circle. -confocal microscope 9 provides a three dimensional image when a computer combines multiple optical section of a specimen stained with fluorescent dye. -differential interference microscope ( A light microscope that provides brightly colored, highly contrasting, three dimensional images. -transmission electron microscope ( black and white circles) #8...

Order the following choices to reflect the organization of taxa, from the most general to the most specific,to test your understanding of levels of classification.

- order (3) -species (4) -phylum (2) -domain (1) -

Select the characteristics of complex media used in microbial culturing. (Check all that apply.)

- they provide a rich mixture of nutrients for microbial growth. - they may contain blood, serum, or meat extracts -examples include chocolate agar and MacConkey agar.

Drag the labels to complete each of the sentences that differentiate between the various culture types.

-A bacterial culture is the resulting growth following the inoculation of a medium. This general term does not specify whether there is a single species of bacteria in the medium (pure culture), or several known types (mixed culture). -Once a culture is obtained, study of a specific organism requires making a subculture; transferring cells from an isolated colony of the original culture onto fresh growth media. -When a pure culture is obtained, it is often necessary to keep a viable, long-term supply of the organism, known as a stock culture. Often this requires special media or techniques such as freeze-drying. -By definition, a mixed culture contains more than one known species of bacteria. This differs from a contaminated culture in one major way; the latter contains organisms that were not derived from the intended source, i.e., they are present unintentionally.

Drag the labels to complete these sentences discussing the relationship between the work of Louis Pasteur and Joseph Lister.

-In 1857, Louis Pasteur discovered that specific organisms carry out chemical reactions and create metabolic end-products such as alcohol and lactic acid -Pasteur is also credited with the process of pasteurization which removes pathogens from consumable liquids, reducing contamination and subsequent illness. -The papers that Pasteur published regarding the germ theory of disease and disproving the theory of spontaneous generation were read by his contemporary Joseph Lister, a surgeon battling high post-surgical mortality in his patients. -Lister had studied inflammation and suspected that wound sepsis was caused by an infectious agent in the air. Pasteur's work solidified his hypotheses so he began to use phenol before performing an operation, drastically reducing the number of deaths in patients following surgery.

Review the scientific method by completing each sentence. Then, arrange the sentences into a logical paragraph.

-Scientists formulate a hypothesis, a tentative explanation to account for what they have observed or measured. -Scientists then conduct experiments to determine the validity of their explanations. -If the explanation is supported by numerous research studies that survive peer-review over time, it can be moved to the level of a theory -Some explanations of scientific phenomena are so well-tested that they move to the highest level of confidence and become a law.

Choose the three basic ways that media are classified.

-chemical composition -purpose -physical state

Which represent the 5 I's of culturing microorganisms? (Check all that apply.)

-identification -inspection -incubation -inoculation -isolation

What methods can be used to isolate bacteria? (Check all that apply.)

-quadrant streak plate -loop dilution -use of selective media &spread plate

Order the following choices to reflect the relative sizes of microorganisms as compared to each other and other cells, ranging from the largest to the smallest.

-reproductive structure of bread and mold (1) -red blood cell (2) -most bacteria (3) -viruses (4)

A human squamous cell measures 75 micrometers (µm) in diameter. What is the size of this cell in millimeters (mm)?

0.075mm

What differential stain is most important in the diagnosis of tuberculosis?

Acid-fast stain

Select the individual below that ground glass lenses to very fine specifications so that he was able todevelop a microscope for observing and describing living microscopic animalcules.

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

Not only is blood agar an enriched medium that can support fastidious organism growth, but it can also serve as a differential medium in the identification of streptococcal species because of the presence of red blood cells that can be destroyed by an organism's hemolysins. Looking at this photo, how could you describe the organism growing on the surface of this blood agar plate?

Beta-hemolytic #5....

Match the technologies with the statements that most accurately describe them to test your understanding how microorganisms are useful in society today.

Biotechnology-Technology that applies the power of microbes toward the manufacture of industrial products, foods, and drugs. Genetic engineering-Newer technology that manipulates the genetics of microbes, plants and animals to create new products and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Bioremediation-Process that involves the introduction of microbes into the environment to restore stability or to clean up toxic pollutants.

Assess the following statements, and classify them according to whether they refer to viral particles or living cells.

CELLS -contain ribosomes -always have a plasma membrane -may have a cell wall VIRUSES -genome may be exclusively RNA -are obligate parasites -outer layer is predominantly protein

Match the microscopy terms to their correct descriptions

Magnification- The apparent increase in size of an image Contrast-The ability to be distinguished from the surroundings Resolution- The ability to distinguish between two separate structures that are very close to one another

Which of the following choices is a correct way to denote the binomial name of a microorganism?

Staphylococcus aureus

Select the term used to describe the field of science that employs the human manipulation of microbes for use in industrial processes.

biotechnology

Select the type of media where the chemical composition is precisely known.

defined

All organisms studied in microbiology must be viewed with a microscope.

false

The terms "sterile" and "pure" can be used interchangeably when discussing cultures, because they both refer to a culture that has not been contaminated.

false

The major groups of microorganisms studied by microbiologists include bacteria and archaea, algae, helminths,protozoans, viruses, and _______.

fungi

Early taxonomists relied upon all of the following to classify an organism EXCEPT

genetic analysis of the organism

The scientific name of a microorganism is a combination of the _____ name, which is capitalized, followed bythe _____ name, which begins with a lowercase letter.

genus,species