Micro Exam 3 Lessons 8-11
Persistent viruses that can reactivate periodically are A. chronic latent viruses B. syncytia C. cytiopathic D. inclusion bodies E. oncoviruses
A
Removal of moisture by dehydration is called A. desiccation B. flash freeze C. pasteurization D. sterilization E. lyophilization
A
Some viruses contain enzymes in their inner core. Which of the following viral enzymes is capable of synthesizing DNA from RNA? A. reverse transcriptase B. polymerase C. protase D. integrase
A
The alcohol wipe before an injection is an example of A. degerming B. disinfection C. antisepsis D. decontamination E. sterilization
A
The process of dissolving the envelope and capsid to release the viral nucleic acid is A. uncoating B. synthesis C. adsorption D. penetration E. assembly
A
The shortest time required to kill all the microbes in a sample at a specified temperature is called the: A. Thermal death time (TDT) B. Sporicidal time C. Thermal death point (TDP) D. Death phase point
A
Viruses that infect bacteria are specifically called A. bacteriophages B. viroids C. satellite viruses D. prions
A
What is the shape of the viral capsid Polio virus/ Poliomyelitis A. Icosahedral B. Helical
A
What is the shape of the viral capsid of Herpes simplex/ genital herpes A. Icosahedral B. helical
A
What is the shape of the viral capsid of Measles virus A. Helical B. icosahderal
A
Which of the following statements describe ionizing radiation? Choose all that apply A. Used to decontaminate food. B. Penetrative C. Cold sterilization. D. Results in the formation of thymine dimers E. Can cause breaks in the backbone of DNA. F. Nonpenetrative
A,B,C,E
Which of the following statements are true about heavy metals? Choose all that are correct A. Heavy metals work as antimicrobials by binding to an inactivating proteins B. Heavy metals are added to plastics used in medical application. C. Heavy metals can be used as antiseptics on broken skin. D. Heavy metals are sporicidal E. Heavy metals include silver, zinc, gold, and copper
A,B,E
Microbial death occurs when there is A. no movement B. no reproduction C. change in appearance D. decrease in size E. all of the above occur
B
New, nonenveloped virus release occurs by A. exocytosis B. lysis C. budding D. both budding and exocytosis E. both lysis and budding
B
Pasteurization A. Kills all vegetative forms B. Reduces number of vegetative forms C. Increases food nutrient value D. Reduces number of endospores
B
Some viruses contain enzymes in their inner core. Which of the following viral enzymes is capable of synthesizing DNA and RNA? A. integrase B. polymerase C. protease D. reverse transcriptase
B
The core of every virus particle always contains A. DNA B. either DNA or RNA C. enzymes D. capsomers E. DNA and RNA
B
The method of removing vegetative microbial life forms from inanimate objects is termed A. Degerming B. Disinfection C. Decontamination D. Sterilization E. Antisepsis
B
What is the shape of the viral capsid in Hepatitis B A. helical B. icosahedral
B
What is the shape of the viral capsid in Influenza virus A. icosahedral B. helical
B
What is the shape of the viral capsid of Roto virus/Acute diarrhea A. Helical B. icosahedral
B
What is the shape of the viral capsid of epstein barr virus/ mononucleosis A. Helical B. icoahedral
B
What is the shape of viral capsid for West Nile Virus/ Encephalities A. Helical B. Icosahedral
B
Which of the following will not support viral cultivation? A. primary cell cultures B. prions C. embryonated bird eggs D.continuous cell cultures E. live lab animals
B
Which type of genome is found in HPV/ Genital Warts? A. ssDNA B. dsDNA C. ssRNA D. dsRNA
B
Which type of genome is found in Varicella Zoster Virus/ Chicken Pox/ Shingles A. ssDNA B. dsDNA C. ssRNA D. dsRNA?
B
which type of genome is found in Herpes simplex/ genital herpes? A. ssDNA B. dsDNA C. ssRNA D. dsRNA
B
which type of genome is found in epstein barr virus/ mononucleosis A. ssDNA B. dsDNA C. ssRNA D. dsRNA
B
what is the host range of epstein barr virus/ mononucleosis
B cells
Which of the following are benefits of simultaneously treating HIV positive individuals with multiple antivirals? A. Less side effects for the infected individual. B. It is more successful in reducing viral load in infected individuals C. There is less chance that the virus will mutate to become resistant to all of the antivirals D. More chance of curing the individual of HIV.
B, C,
In the US, people are diagnosed with AIDs if they HIV positive and fulfill 2 other criteria. Chose these criteria from the following choices: A. They have a CD4 cont of greater than 200 cells per microliter of blood B. They have a CD4 cont of fewer than 200 cells per microliter of blood C. They experience one or more AIDS-defining illnesses D. Their CD4 cells account for fewer than 14% of all lymphocytes
B, C, D
Which of the following body fluids contain high enough levels of HIV or HIV infected cells to result in transmision? A. Semen B. Breast milk C. Sweat D. Blood E. Tears F. Vaginal fluid G. Saliva H. Urine
B, D, F
Which of the following statements correctly describe the the structure of HIV? Choose all that apply. A. ds DNA genome B. Icosahedral capsid C. dsRNA genome D. Enveloped E. Helical capsid F. Naked G. ssRNA genome H. Two types of glycoprotein spikes
B, D, G, H
how is Varicella Zoster Virus/ Chicken Pox/ Shingles diagnosed?
Chicken pox: IgG, ELISA test, IgG avidity used to determine how long ago infection occured Shingles : PCR testing
What is the treatment for Varicella Zoster Virus/ Chicken Pox/ Shingles Varicella Zoster Virus/ Chicken Pox/ Shingles
Chicken pox: avoid scratching, calamine lotion, oatmeal bath, acetaminophen, antiviral drug Shingles: antiviral drugs, analgesics for pain, avoid scratching, wet compress, calamine lotion, oatmeal bath
Which type of people are affected by Polio virus/ Poliomyelitis
Children are most affected
A _____ is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus. A. spike B. envelope C. monolayer D. capsid E. capsomer
D
All of the following pertain to HIV except: A. Viral DNA integrates into the host nucleus B. Can enter into nervous tissues and cause abnormalities C. Attaches primarily to host cells with CD4 receptors D. HIV testing usually detect HIV antigens E. Becomes latent in host cells
D
Filtration sterilization A. Uses heat and filtration B. Removes toxins C. Relies on gravity D. Can remove viruses
D
HIV contains an enzyme capable of creating DNA from RNA called A. integrase B. DNA polymerase C. protease D. reverse transcriptase
D
The lowest temperature needed to kill all microbes in 10 minutes is A. Thermal death time (TDT) B. Death phase point C. Sporicidal time D. Thermal death point (TDP)
D
Virus capsids are made from subunits called A. spikes B. peplomers C. envelopes D. capsomers E. prophages
D
What types of cancer can epstein barr virus/ mononucleosis cause? A. breast B. lung C. colon D. lymphoma
D
Which of the following microbial forms have the highest resistance to physical and chemical controls? A. Yeast B. Protozoan cysts C. Naked viruses D. Bacterial endospores E. Fungal spores
D
A capsid that is a symmetrical 20 sided shape is called: A. helical B. spherical C. complex D. icosahderal
D.
How is Hepatitis B transmitted between host? Direct or indirect contact
Direct
How is Varicella Zoster Virus/ Chicken Pox/ Shingles transmitted between host? Direct or Indirect transmission
Direct
What are some ways to prevent epstein barr virus/ mononucleosis?
Don't kiss anyone with the virus, don't share tooth brushes with anyone with the virus, don't share drinks with other people.
What are some ways to prevent Polio virus/ Poliomyelitis
Polio vaccine
which types of cytopathic effects are caused by West Nile Virus/ Encephalities?
replication in lympathic cells and destruction of nervous cells
What is the host range for Influenza virus
respiratory tract
which types of people are most affected by Herpes simplex/ genital herpes?
sexual active people
Which types of cytopathic effects are casued by Roto virus/Acute diarrhea
the effect on the host cells remain unclear, studies show that the calcium permeability was increased in the intracellular calcium due to the production of viral products, the failure of maintaining homeostasis of the electrolyte may be involved in the development of diarrhea
What are some ways to prevent your viral infection?
use sexual barriers and clean drug needles
What are some signs and symptoms of Roto virus/Acute diarrhea
vomiting, watery diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and dehydration
Can HPV/ Genital Warts result in a chronic latent infection? Yes or No
yes
Can Polio virus/ Poliomyelitis be fatal Yes or no
yes
Is Hepatitis B oncogenic? Yes or No
yes
can Measles virus be fatal? Yes or no
yes
is epstein barr virus/ mononucleosis oncogenitc? Yes or No
yes
Are there any vaccines for Roto virus/Acute diarrhea Yes or No
yes 2
Put the following steps of animal viral multiplication in order 1. release 2. penetration 3. synthesis 4. adorption 5. assembly 6. uncoating
4, 2, 6, 3, 5, 1
____ is a control method that removes microorganisms rather than inhibiting or killing them A. Filtration B. Sterilization C. Disinfection D. Boiling E. Radiation
A
is Polio virus/ Poliomyelitis A. naked B. enveloped
A
what is the shape of the viral capsid of Varicella Zoster Virus/ Chicken Pox/ Shingles A. Icosahedral B. Helical
A
How is HPV/ Genital Warts diagnoed?
An abnormal pap smear for woman The out break of warts for men and woman PCR
Is epstein barr virus/ mononucleosis A. naked B. enveloped
B
How is Influenza virus transmitted between host? Direct or Indirect transmission
Both
Placing organisms at 4 degree Celsius is A. microbicidal B. sterilization C. microbistatic D. decontamination
C
Host range is limited by A. Type of nucleic acid in the virus B. Age of the host cell C. Type of host cell receptors on cell membrane D. Size of the host cell
C.
All of the following pertain to virus envelopes EXCEPT: A. Help the virus particle attach to host cells B. contain special virus proteins C. gained as a virus leaves the nuclear membrane D . Located between the capsid and nucleic acid E. Gained as a virus leaves the host cell membrane
D
Lysogeny refers to A. Virion exiting host cell B. Altering the host range of a virus C. None of the choices are correct D. Viral genome inserting into bacterial host chromosome E. Latent state of herpes infections
D
Sterilization is achieved by A. Flash pasteurization B. Hot water C. One cycle of nonpressurized steam D. Steam autoclave E. Boiling water
D
An agent that slows the growth of bacteria is called: A. Batericide B. Microbicide C. Microbistatic D. Fungistatic E. Bacteriostatic
E
Hydrogen peroxide is A. Sporicidal B. Fungicidal C. Bactericidal D. Virucidal E. All of the above are correct
E
Which of the following items are typically irradiated in order to kill microbes? A. cured meats B. human tissues such as heart valve and skin C. operating room air D. surgical gloves E. all of the choices are correct
E
____ is a halogen used in gaseous and liquid form for large scale disinfection of drinking water and sewage. A. Iodine B. All of the choices are correct C. Bromine D. Fluorine E. Chlorine
E
_____ heat is more rapidly effective and efficient compared to _____ heat. A. High, moist B. Dry, moist C. Moist, high D. High, dry E. Moist, dry
E
A person with HIV always has AIDs True or False
False
What are signs and symptoms of Polio virus/ Poliomyelitis
Fever headache, nausea, sore throat, myalgia, paralysis of the muscles in the legs abdomen, back, intercostals, diaphragm, pectoral gridle, and bladder can result
can Polio virus/ Poliomyelitis result in chronic latent infection Yes or no
No
is Polio virus/ Poliomyelitis oncogenic? Yes or No
No
is there a vaccine for Herpes simplex/ genital herpes Yes or NO
No
How is Influenza virus diagnosed?
Rapid flue test, PCR, ELISA
What is the standard treatment for epstein barr virus/ mononucleosis?
They don't treat the virus, they treat the symptoms, relief of fever, or sore throat
Which type of cytopathic effects are caused by HPV/ Genital Warts?
Transformation
A provirus is an animal virus that has incorporated into the host genome True or False
True
A provirus is an animal virus that has incorporated into the host genome. true or fasle
True
AIDS results in many opportunistic infections because a severe suppression of the immune system. True or False
True
Chlorine and ethylene oxide are sterilizing gases. True or False
True
Enveloped viruses leave the host cell via exocytosis. True or False
True
Ionizing radiation is more effective than nonionizing radiation in killing microbes. True or False
True
Is there a vaccine for Measles virus? Yes or No
YES
Which type of people is affected most by Influenza virus
anyone, mostly young children and the elderly
What are some signs and symptoms of Influenza virus
body aches, fever, stuffy nose, headache, chills
How is Measles virus transmitted between host? Direct or Indirect transmission
both
How is Roto virus/Acute diarrhea transmitted between host? Direct or Indirect transmission
both and oral-fecal route.
How is West Nile Virus/ Encephalities diagnosed?
by means of serum testing, though the infection is difficult to detect. sometimes rapid serological test are used
How is Polio virus/ Poliomyelitis diagnosed?
by testing serum samples for the type and amount of antibody
Which types of people are most affected nu West Nile Virus/ Encephalities?
can be more serious in elderly and children
How is Roto virus/Acute diarrhea diagnosed?
detection of antigen in stool
How is Herpes simplex/ genital herpes transmitted between host? Direct or indirect transmission
direct
how is West Nile Virus/ Encephalities transmitted between host? Direct or indirect transmission?
direct
how is epstein barr virus/ mononucleosis transmitted between host? Direct or Indrect transmission?
direct
What is the host range of HPV/ Genital Warts? (the type of organism and cells the virus can infect)
human- epithelial and squamous cells mucous membrane and skins cells
How is Measles virus diagnosed?
mainly diagnosed based on rash. PCR test. antibody test for IgM
Can Herpes simplex/ genital herpes result in chronic latent infection Yes or No
no
Can epstein barr virus/ mononucleosis be fatal? Yes or NO
no
What is the standard treatment for Influenza virus
supportive therapies or antiviral oseltamivir (tamiflue)
Which types of cytopathic effects are caused by epstein barr virus/ mononucleosis
syncytia
what is the host range of Herpes simplex/ genital herpes?
the virus comes in contact with genital epithelium which then cause genital herpes. it infects the oral mucosa as well
During lysogeny, an inactive prophage state occurs when the viral DNA is inserted into the A. host DNA B. host nucleus C. host cell membrane D. host cytoplasm E. host nucleolus
A
Each of the following is the target of antimicrobial agents except A. Cytoplasm B. Ribosomes C. Cellular proteins D. Cell membranes E. Cell walls
A
IS Roto virus/Acute diarrhea A. naked B. enveloped
A
The event that occurs in bacteriophage multiplication that does not occur in animal virus replication is A. injection of only the viral nucleic acid into the host cell B. replication of viral nucleic acid C. assembly of nucleocapsids D. adsorption of the host cells E. host cells synthesis of viral enzymes and capsid proteins
A
Which of the following statements are true about viruses. Choose all that apply. A. viruses lack enzymes for metabolism B. viruses can be free living or parasitic C. viruses are acellular D. Viruses are ubiquitous in nature and can infect all types of cells. E. Viruses are alive F. Viruses have positive influences on cells. G. Viruses are prokaryotic H. Viruses are not alive I.
A, C, D,F, H
What is the standard treatment for the viral infection treated?
Acute: no med available, treatment would be for individual symptoms chronic: antiviral medications and regular monitoring of liver
What type of people are most affected by Varicella Zoster Virus/ Chicken Pox/ Shingles
Any person not vaccinated for chicken pox and any one over 50 with a weak immune system for shingles
A cytopathic effect that results in large multinucleated cells is called: A. cell lysis B. syncythia C. inclusion D. rounded cells
B
HEPA filters are used to remove microbes from A. Human tissues B. Air C. Liquids D. Medical instruments
B
HIV stands for: A. Acquired Immunosuppression Syndrome B. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome C. Auto-Immunodeficiency Syndrome D. Auto-Immunosuppression Syndrome
B
A naked virus only has a(n) A. capsid B. antigenic surface C. nucleocapsid D. envelope E. capsomer
C
The lowest temperature needed to kill all microbes in 10 minutes is the A. Thermal death time (TDT) B. Sporicidal time C. Thermal death point (TDP) D. Death phase point
C
A cleansing method that mechanically removes microbes to a safe level is called A. Disinfection B. Degermation C. Antisepsis D. Sanitization E. Sterilization
D
A cytopathic effect that results in compacted masses of virus or damaged cell organelles in the nucleus or cytoplasm is called: A. rounding cells B. syncythia C. cell lysis D. inclusions
D
AIDS stand for: A. Acquired Immunosuppression Syndrome B. Auto-Immunodeficiency Syndrome C. Auto-Immunosuppression Syndrome D. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
D
Sterilization is achieved by A. hot water B. boiling water C. flash pasteurization D. steam autoclave E. one cycle of nonpressurized steam
D
In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _____, while most RNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _____. A. Nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum B. Cytoplasm, nucleus C. Cytoplasm, cell membrane D. Nucleus, cytoplasm E. Cell membrane, cytoplasm
D.
Is there a particular time of the year Polio virus/ Poliomyelitis is more prevalent?
In the summer and fall
What are some signs and symptoms for West Nile Virus/ Encephalities
Many people are asymptomatic commonly, fever that resides after several days, fatigue, joint pain, vomiting, diarrhea Less common, encephalitis (swelling of the brain) and meningitis
How is Hepatitis B diagnosed?
antigen or anti body test, looking for HBsAg-positive which is the antigen on the outside of HBV cell
What is th standard treatment for Herpes simplex/ genital herpes?
antiviral drugs
Which type of people are most affected by Roto virus/Acute diarrhea
infants and young children
How is epstein barr virus/ mononucleosis diagnosed?
mono spot test, differential blood count
Which types of people are most affected by HPV/ Genital Warts?
sexually active people
What is the standard treatment for West Nile Virus/ Encephalities
treatment is mainly to help control fever in the common cases
Which types of cytopathic effects are caused by Herpes simplex/ genital herpes?
viruses called fusion of cells to syncytia
What shape of the viral capsid is HPV/ Genital Wart? A. Isoahedral B. Helical
A
Which drugs interfere with the ability of HIV to become latent. A. Integrase inhibitors B. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors C. Protease inhibitors D. Fusion inhibitors
A
Which type of genome is found in Measles virus? A. ssDNA B. dsDNA C. ssRNA D. dsRNA
A
Which of the following happen in the synthesis step of viral multiplication? Choose all that apply A. Viral enzymes are translated B. The viral genome is replicated C. The capsid is formed D. Viral capsomeres are translated E. The capsid is degraded
A, B, D,
Which of the following statements are true about Phenols? Choose all that apply. A. Phenols are strongly microbicidal for vegetative bacteria, fungi, and viruses. B. At low concentrations, phenols are cellular poisons. C. Phenols are commonly found in disinfectants. D. Phenols are reliably sporacidal
A,C
Is Herpes simplex/ genital herpes A. naked B. enveloped
B
Is Varicella Zoster Virus/ Chicken Pox/ Shingles A. Naked B. enveloped
B
Is West Nile Virus/ Encephalities A. naked B. enveloped
B
What are some signs and symptoms of Varicella Zoster Virus/ Chicken Pox/ Shingles
Chicken pox: fever, rash, itchy, vesicles that first appear on the face, chest and back Centripedal lesions: more on head and torso immunocompromised: could get infection in heart liver or kidney Shingles: densely packed lesions, one side of body only, pain and tenderness of lesions
What are some ways to prevent HPV/ Genital Warts?
Condoms during sex
Which type of genome is found in Roto virus/Acute diarrhea A. ssDNA B. dsDNA C. ssRNA D. dsRNA
D
How is HPV/ Genital Warts transmitted between host? Direct or indirect transmission
Direct
Aldehydes can be used as antiseptics True or False
False
what are some ways to prevent Measles virus
Get vaccinated with 2 MMR shots
What are some ways to prevent Influenza virus
Hand washing, avoid contact with infected person, get vaccinated
What is the host range for Roto virus/Acute diarrhea?
Humans-(esp infants and young children), vertebrates it infects the cells that line the small intestine
What is the host range for Polio virus/ Poliomyelitis
Intestinal mucosa, lymphoid tissue, motor neurons, spinal ganglia, cranial nerves
Which types of cytopathic effects are caused by Hepatitis B virus?
Latency and transformation
Can Influenza virus result in chronic latent infection Yes or No
No
Can Roto virus/Acute diarrhea be fatal? Yes or no
No
Is Roto virus/Acute diarrhea oncogenic? Yes or NO
No
Is there a particular time Herpes simplex/ genital herpes is more prevalent? Yes or no
No
Is there a particular time of the year that HPV/ Genital Warts is more prevalent? Yes or No
No
Which types of cytopathic effects are caused by Influenza virus
Rounded cells, most cellular damage due to inflammatory response
Is there a vaccine for HPV/ Genital Warts?
The HPV vaccine that should be administered to kids 11 or 12
What are some ways to prevent Varicella Zoster Virus/ Chicken Pox/ Shingles?
VACCINATION
what is the standard treatment of Measles virus?
Vitamin A is used to treat symptoms or a hospital stay
Is there a paticular time Influenza virus is more prevalent? Yes or NO
Yes, late fall and winter
What is the standard treatment for Polio virus/ Poliomyelitis
alleviating pain and suffering. respiratory may require artificial ventilation maintenance. physical therapy to diminish deformities and to retain muscles
Is there a particular time of the year West Nile Virus/ Encephalities is more prevalent?
during mid-late summer
what are some signs and symptoms of Herpes simplex/ genital herpes?
fluid filled lesions that appear on the buttocks, genitalia, thighs, and perineum. other signs may be bilateral swelling and anorexia.
What are some ways to prevent Roto virus/Acute diarrhea
hand hygiene, cleaniness
What is the host range of Hepatitis B? (the type of organism and cells the virus can infect
infects mammals, eventually cause effects on liver cells
Which types of cytopathic effects are caused by Varicella Zoster Virus/ Chicken Pox/ Shingles
lesions occur because skin cells near the infected cells fuse and lyse
can West Nile Virus/ Encephalities result in latent infection Yes or No
no
is West Nile Virus/ Encephalities oncogenic? Yes or no
no
is there a particular time epstein barr virus/ mononucleosis is most prevalent? yes or no
no
IS there a particular time that Measles virus is more prevalent?
no but traveling induces the infection
Which types of people are most affected by epstein barr virus/ mononucleosis
people in their teen years and young adults
What are some ways to prevent West Nile Virus/ Encephalities?
prevention would be reducing incidents of mosquito bites. and eliminating places where they lay eggs
which types of people are most infected by Measles virus?
unvaccinated children or adults that have lost immunity
Ethylene oxide is A. Sporicidal B. Used as an antiseptic against anaerobes C. The active agent in household bleach D. A halogen E. Only effective with high heat
A
Is HPV/ Genital Warts A. Naked B. enveloped
A
Is Hepatitis B A. enveloped B. naked
A
IS Measles virus A. Naked B. enveloped
B
A prion is: A. an infectous protein B. a virus C. a pathogenic infections D. a pathogenic eukaroyte
A
Which types of genome is found in Influenza virus A. ssDRNA B. dsDNA C. ssRNA D. dsRNA
C
A capsid that has rod shaped capsomers that assemble into a hollow disk structure is called: A. helical B. icosahedral C. Complex D. spherical
A
A method for sterilizing milk, called _____ treatment, uses 134° C for 1 to 2 seconds. A. Ultra high temperature B. Batch pasteurization C. Flash pasteurization D. Pasteurization E. Tyndallization
A
Which TWO of the following behaviors result in highest number of HIV infection in females in the US? Choose all that apply. A. Heterosexual contact B. intravenous Drug USE C. Blood transfusions D. female to female sexual contact
A, B
Which TWO of the following behaviors result in highest number of HIV infection in males in the US? Choose all that apply. A. heterosexual contact B. male to male sexual contact C. male to male sexual contact and intravenous drug use D. intravenous drug use
A, B
Which of the following statements are true about Hydrogen peroxide? Choose all that are correct. A. Hydrogen peroxide is bactericidal, fungicidal, and virucidal at lower concentrations. B. Hydrogen peroxide sporacidal at higher concentrations. C. Hydrogen peroxide can be used as an antiseptic, disinfectant, and sterilant. D. Bacteria have enzymes such as catalase and peroxidaase that can neutralize hydrogen peroxide. E. Hydrogen peroxide can only be used in the liquid form.
A, B, C, D
A pregnant woman can pass HIV to an infant. Choose all that apply: A. during birth B. by kissing an infant C. during pregnancy D. through breastfeeding E. by bottle feeding the infant
A, C, D
Which of the following can help in the prevention of the HIV infection. Choose all that apply. A. Use of clean needles by IV drug users B. Administering the HIV vaccine C. Treating high risk HIV negative individuals with antiretrovirals. D. Condom use during sex E. Treating HIV infected individuals immediately with antiretrovirals F. Treatment of HIV positive pregnant with antiretrovirals G. Avoiding sharing drinks with HIV positive individuals
A, C, D, E, F
Which of the following is a possible genome for a virus? Choose all that apply. A. positive-sense single stranded RNA B. single stranded DNA C. both double stranded DNA and single stranded RNA D. double stranded RNA E. negative-sense single stranded RNA F. double stranded DNA
A,B, D, E, F
Which of the following is a practical consideration when selecting a method of antimicrobial control? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY A. Is the item going to reused or is it disposable B. Will the agent penetrate to the necessary extent? C. Is the process cost effective? D. Which outcome is required? E. Can the item withstand radiation, heat, chemicals?
A,B,C,D,E
Soaps and detergents are very effective as sterilants. True or False
False
Choose all the correct statements about factors that affect death rate of microbes A. A higher microbial load requires more time to destroy. B. Microorganisms in a biofilm are more susceptible to antimicrobial agents. C. Microorganisms in a biofilm are less susceptible to antimicrobial agents. D. The presence of organic matter can inhibit the action of certain antimicrobials E. A lower microbial load requires more time to destroy. F. A more resistant microbe will require less time destroy G. A more resistant microbe will require more time destroy H. The presence of organic matter can activate certain antimicrobials
A,C,D,G
When a bacterium acquires a trait from its temperate phage, it is called A. lysogenic conversion B. transformation C. translation D. viral persistence E. transcription
A.
Helical and icosahedral are terms used to describe the shapes of a virus A. spike B. capsid C. capsomer D. core E. envelope
B
IS Influenza virus A. naked B. enveloped
B
HEPA filters are used to remove microbes from A. medical instruments B. liquids C. air D. human tissues
C
Mammalian viruses capable of starting tumors are A. cytiopathic B. chronic latent viruses C. oncogenic D. inclusion bodies E. syncytia
C
Some microbial control agents are able to _____ cell proteins by breaking bonds that maintain the native state, three-dimensional configuration of the proteins. A. blind B. dissolve C. denature
C
Surfactants work by A. Coating the organism preventing interaction with its environment B. Blocking transport out from the organism C. Disrupting membrane integrity D. Blocking transport into the organism
C
Whats types of Cancer can Hepatitis B cause? A. breast B. colon C. liver D. lung
C
Which drugs interfere with the action of an HIV enzyme needed for final assembly and maturation of the virus? A. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors B. Integrase inhibitors C. Protease inhibitors D. Fusion inhibitors
C
Which of the following types of control agents would be used to achieve sterility? A. Virucide B. Bactericide C. Sporicide D. Germicide E. Fungicide
C
Which type of genome is foud in Polio virus/ Poliomyelitis A. ssDNA B. dsDNA C. ssRNA D. dsRNA
C
Which type of genome is found in West Nile Virus/ Encephalities A. ssDNA B. dsDNA C. ssRNA D. dsRNA
C
A frequent cancer that is seen in AIDS patients is A. leukemia B. melanoma C. hodgkin's disease D. myeloma E. Kaposi's sarcoma
E
Host cells of viruses include A. human and other animals B. plants and fungi C. bacteria D. protozoa and algae E. all of these are correct
E
The process of using a cleansing technique to mechanically remove and reduce microorganisms and debris to safe levels on human skin is A. antisepsis B. sterilization C. sanitization D. disinfections E. degermation
E
Which of following items are typically irradiated in order to kill microbes? A. Cured meats B. Human tissues such as heart valves and skin C. Operating room air D. Surgical gloves E. All of the choices are correct
E
A microorganism that is not motile and has stopped metabolizing could be considered dead. True or False
False
An antibiotic that disrupts the function of the ribosome will prevent transcription. True False
False
Bacteriophages do not undergo adsorption to specific host cell receptors prior to penetration. True or False
False
Bacteriostatic agents kill bacterial cells True or False
False
Medical personnel are considered high risk groups for contracting HIV because of accidental needle sticks. True or False
False
Most microbial contaminants of food are killed at freezing temperatures. True or False
False
How is Polio virus/ Poliomyelitis transmitted between host Direct or Indirect transmission
Indirect
Which type of individuals are most affected by Hepatitis B virus?
Infants born to infected mothers, homosexual men, injection drug users, sex partners of infected people, dialysis patients
What is the host range of Varicella Zoster Virus/ Chicken Pox/ Shingles?
Infected humans, chicken pox: skin cells Shingles: latent n ganglia, active in dermatome nerve endings, skin cells
What is the standard treatment for Roto virus/Acute diarrhea
No specific meds, just drink lots of fluids to prevent dehydration, for severely dehydrated people hospitalization may be required
What is the standard treatment for HPV/ Genital Warts?
No treatment once you are infected. but more preventive measures.
Can Roto virus/Acute diarrhea result in chronic latent infection Yes or NO
No, but can last 3-8 days
what are some signs ans symptoms of HPV/ Genital Wart
Not to many signs or symptoms to know if someone is infected with HPV. only way to find out is if it progresses to genital warts or cancer.
What is the host range of West Nile Virus/ Encephalities? (the type of organism and cells the virus can infect)
Organism with exoskeleton (ticks, mosquitos) and vertebrates ( humans)
How is Herpes simplex/ genital herpes diagnosed?
PCR test but only when lesions are present blood samples detect antibodies to HSV-2
Viral infections are more difficult to treat than bacterial infections because the virus uses the host cells metabolic machinery for multiplication. True or False
True
Can HPV/ Genital Warts be fatal? Yes or no
Yes
Can Hepatitis B result in chronic latent infection? Yes or No
Yes
Can Influenza virus be fatal? Yes or No
Yes
Can Varicella Zoster Virus/ Chicken Pox/ Shingles result in chronic latent infection Yes or NO
Yes
Can West Nile Virus/ Encephalities be fatal? Yes or No
Yes
Is HPV/ Genital Warts oncogenic? Yes or no
Yes
can Varicella Zoster Virus/ Chicken Pox/ Shingles be fatal Yes or no
Yes
can epstein barr virus/ mononucleosis result in chronic latent infection Yes or No
Yes
Is there a particular time that Varicella Zoster Virus/ Chicken Pox/ Shingles is most prevalent? Yes or no
Yes before vaccine developed
Can Herpes simplex/ genital herpes be fatal? Yes or NO
Yes in infancy and once it has become chronic will turn into encephalitis
Is there any vaccines for Hepatitis B?
Yes, 3
Which type of cytopathic effects are caused by Polio virus/ Poliomyelitis
absorbs to receptors of mucosal cells in the oropharynx and intestine. they then multiply, and can leak into the blood causes devastating effects like paralysis because it kills the neurons
What are some signs and symptoms of epstein barr virus/ mononucleosis
fatigue, fever, inflamed throat, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, enlarged spleen, swollen liver, rash
What are signs and symptoms of Hepatitis B?
fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, anorexia
what are some signs and symptoms of Measles virus
fluid running from eyes, nose and coughing with high fever. rash appears whih is red bumps on the surface of the skin, white spots on the roof of mouth
which type of cytopathic effects are caused by Measles virus
formation of multiple nuclei
What are some ways to prevent Herpes simplex/ genital herpes?
have protective sex with condoms, moms avoid kissing their newborn when cold sores appear. avoid having sex when you have an outbreak
what is the host range of Measles virus
measles is an animal virus begins in mucosal epithelium, specifically tracheal and bronchial cells, ends in skin and certain organs
what types of cancer can HPV/ Genital Warts cause?
mostly cervical cancer but also throat, vuvla, penile, and anal cancers
Is Herpes simplex/ genital herpes oncogenic? Yes or No
no
Is Influenza virus oncogenic? yes or no
no
Is Varicella Zoster Virus/ Chicken Pox/ Shingles oncogenic? yes or no
no
can Measles virus result in chronic latent infection? Yes or No
no
is Measles virus oncogenic? Yes or no
no
