MICRO FINAL 2/2 💗💗💗💗💗

In Table 12.1, which spore is in a sac and results from the fusion of two nuclei from different strains of the same fungi? 1 2 4 6 8

2

Ringworm is caused by a(n) Ascomycete. Cestode. Nematode. Protozoan. Trematode.

Ascomycete.

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? Plasmogamy - union of two haploid cells Karyogamy - fusion of nucleus Meiosis - cell division resulting in haploid cells Anamorph - produces asexual spores Deuteromycota - a phylum of fungi

Deuteromycota - a phylum of fungi

Assume you have isolated a multicellular heterotrophic organism that produces coenocytic hyphae, motile zoospores, and cellulose cell walls. It is most likely a(n) Ascomycete fungus. Green alga. Oomycote alga. Tapeworm. Zygomycete fungus.

Oomycote alga.

Which of the following is necessary for replication of a prion? DNA DNA polymerase Lysozyme PSc RNA

PSc

Figure 13.1 In Figure 13.1, which structure is a complex virus? a b c d All of these

B

Nucleic acid hybridization is based on the fact that: The strands of DNA can be separated. A chromosome is composed of complementary strands. Pairing between complementary bases occurs. DNA is composed of genes. All cells have DNA.

Pairing between complementary bases occurs.

Figure 10.1 In Figure 10.1, species "c." is most closely related to a b c d e

d

Figure 10.3 This figure shows the results of a gel electrophoresis separation of restriction fragments of the DNA of different organisms. In Figure 10.3, which two are most closely related? 1 and 3 2 and 4 3 and 5 2 and 5 4 and 5

1 and 3

In Table 12.1, which of these spores are asexual spores? 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 2, 3, 6, 8 1, 3, 5, 8 2, 4, 6, 7, 8 All

1, 4, 5, 6, 7

In Table 10.1, which features are found in all Eukarya? 2, 3, 5 1, 4, 6 3, 5 2, 3 1, 2, 5

2,3

In Table 12.1, which spore is found externally on a pedestal? 1 3 5 7 None

3

Fossil evidence indicates that prokaryotic cells first existed on the Earth 350 years ago. 3500 years ago. 3.5 million years ago. 3.5 billion years ago. 3.5 x 1012 years ago.

3.5 billion years ago.

Figure 10.1 In Figure 10.1, the closest ancestor for both species "a." and species "b." would be 1 2 3 4 5

5

In Table 12.1, which is a thick-walled spore formed as a segment within a hypha? 1 3 5 7 None

5

A viroid is A complete, infectious virus particle. A nonenveloped, infectious piece of RNA. A capsid without a nucleic acid. A provirus. An infectious protein.

A nonenveloped, infectious piece of RNA.

Which of the following best defines a strain? A population of cells that differs from other members of the species A group of organisms with a limited geographical distribution A pure culture A group of cells all derived from a single parent The same as a species

A pure culture

A genus can best be defined as A taxon composed of families. A taxon composed of one or more species and below family. A taxon belonging to a species. A taxon comprised of classes. The most specific taxon.

A taxon composed of one or more species and below family.

Into which group would you place a multicellular organism that has a mouth and lives inside the human liver? Animalia Fungi Plantae Firmicutes (gram-positive bacteria) Proteobacteria (gram-negative bacteria)

Animalia

You discovered a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and peptidoglycan. You suspect the organism is in the group Animalia. Archaea. Bacteria. Fungi. Plantae.

Archaea.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the non-endospore-forming gram-positive rods? Are aerotolerant Carry out fermentative metabolism Don't produce endospores Are nonpathogenic Lack cell walls

Are nonpathogenic

A nucleated, unicellular organism; when you change the incubation temperature, it forms filaments with conidiospores. Ascomycete Cellular slime mold Euglenozoa Tapeworm Plasmodial slime mold

Ascomycete

You have isolated an aerobic gram-positive, endospore-forming bacterium that grows well on nutrient agar. To which of the following groups does it most likely belong? Phototrophic bacteria Gammaproteobacteria Deltaproteobacteria Bacillales Can't tell

Bacillales

Which of the following do you expect to be most resistant to high temperatures? Bacillus subtilis Eschericia coli Neisseria gonorrhoeae Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcocus pyogenes

Bacillus subtilis

Into which group would you place a photosynthetic cell that lacks a nucleus? Animalia Bacteria Fungi Plantae Protista

Bacteria

Into which group would you place a unicellular organism that has 70S ribosomes and a peptidoglycan cell wall? Animalia Bacteria Fungi Plantae Protist

Bacteria

Which of the following criteria is most useful in determining whether two organisms are related? Both ferment lactose. Both are gram-positive. Both are motile. Both are aerobic. All are equally important.

Both are gram-positive.

The most conclusive evidence that viruses cause cancers is provided by Finding oncogenes in viruses. The presence of antibodies against viruses in cancer patients. Cancer following injection of cell-free filtrates. Treating cancer with antibodies. Some liver cancer patients having had hepatitis.

Cancer following injection of cell-free filtrates.

Yeast infections are caused by Aspergillus. Candida albicans. Histoplasma. Penicillium. Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Candida albicans.

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? Dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria - produce H2S Archaea - extremophiles Chemoautotrophic bacteria - fix atmospheric nitrogen Actinomycetes - reproduce by fragmentation Cytophaga - a gliding, nonfruiting bacterium

Chemoautotrophic bacteria - fix atmospheric nitrogen

Continuous cell lines differ from primary cell lines in that Viruses can be grown in continuous cell lines. Continuous cell lines always have to be reisolated from animal tissues. Continuous cell lines are derived from primary cell lines. Continuous cell lines can be maintained through an indefinite number of generations. Continuous cell lines are from human embryos.

Continuous cell lines can be maintained through an indefinite number of generations.

The life cycle of the fish tapeworm is similar to that of the beef tapeworm. Which of the following is the most effective preventive measure? Salting fish before eating Refrigerating stored fish Cooking fish before eating Wearing gloves while handling fish Not swimming in fish-infested waters

Cooking fish before eating

You see acid-fast oocysts in a fecal sample from a patient who has diarrhea. What is the most likely cause? Cryptosporidium Diatoms Entamoeba Giardia Taenia

Cryptosporidium

The encysted larva of the beef tapeworm is called a Redia. Cercaria. Cysticercus. Metacercaria. Proglottid.

Cysticercus.

Generally, in a DNA-containing virus infection, the host animal cell supplies all of the following EXCEPT RNA polymerase. Nucleotides. DNA polymerase. tRNA. All of these are supplied by the host animal cell.

DNA polymerase.

n mid-December, a woman with insulin-dependent diabetes who had been on prednisone fell and received an abrasion on the dorsal side of her right hand. She was placed on penicillin. By the end of January, the ulcer had not healed, and she was referred to a plastic surgeon. On January 30, a swab of the wound was cultured at 35°C on blood agar. On the same day, a smear was made for Gram staining. The Gram stain showed large (10 µm) cells. Brownish, waxy colonies grew on the blood agar. Slide cultures set up on February 1 and incubated at 25°C showed septate hyphae and single conidia. The most likely cause of the infection is a Gram-negative bacterium. Dimorphic fungus. Parasitic alga. Yeast. Protozoan.

Dimorphic fungus.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of spirochetes? Possess an axial filament Gram-negative Helical shape Easily observed with brightfield microscopy Difficult to culture in vitro

Easily observed with brightfield microscopy

A primary difference between cyanobacteria and purple and green phototrophic bacteria is Energy source. Cell wall type. Electron donor for CO2 reduction. Cell type. Color.

Electron donor for CO2 reduction.

You have isolated a gram-positive rod. What should you do next? Gram stain Lactose fermentation Endospore stain Flagella stain Enterotube

Endospore stain

Which one of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the others? Bacillus Escherichia Lactobacillus Staphylococcus Streptococcus

Escherichia

Which of the following statements is false? Fungi produce sexual spores. Fungi produce asexual spores. Fungal spores are used in identification of fungi. Fungal spores are resting spores to protect the fungus from adverse environmental conditions. Fungal spores are for reproduction.

Fungal spores are resting spores to protect the fungus from adverse environmental conditions.

A clone is: Genetically identical cells derived from a single cell. A genetically engineered cell. A taxon composed of species. A mound of cells on an agar medium. None of these.

Genetically identical cells derived from a single cell.

Staphylococcus and Streptococcus can be easily differentiated in a laboratory by which one of the following? Cell shape Gram stain reaction Growth in high salt concentrations Ability to cause disease Glucose fermentation

Growth in high salt concentrations

Requirements for X and V factors are used to identify Staphylococcus. Escherichia. Neisseria. Haemophilus. Pseudomonas

Haemophilus.

A viral species is a group of viruses that Have the same morphology and nucleic acid. Have the same genetic information and ecological niche. Infect the same cells and cause the same disease. Can't be defined.

Have the same genetic information and ecological niche.

Which of the following is NOT a method of culturing viruses? In laboratory animals In culture media In embryonated eggs In cell culture None of these

In culture media

What do tapeworms eat? Intestinal bacteria Host tissues Red blood cells Intestinal contents Plant matter

Intestinal contents

Burkholderia was reclassified from the gammaproteobacteria to the betaproteobacteria because: It grows in disinfectants. It is a gram-negative rod. It causes infections in cystic fibrosis patients. It causes melioidosis. Its rRNA sequence is similar to that of Neisseria.

Its rRNA sequence is similar to that of Neisseria.

Actinomycetes differ from fungi in that actinomycetes Are chemoheterotrophs. Lack a membrane-bounded nucleus. Require light. Are decomposers. Cause disease.

Lack a membrane-bounded nucleus.

The microspora and archaezoa are unusual eukaryotes because they Are motile. Lack mitochondria. Lack nuclei. Don't produce cysts. Do produce cysts.

Lack mitochondria.

Which of the following statements is false? A lichen doesn't exist if the fungal and algal partners are separated. Lichens are parasites. In a lichen, the alga produces carbohydrates. In a lichen, the fungus provides the holdfast. Lichens are important soil producers.

Lichens are parasites.

What is the outstanding characteristic of the Kingdom Fungi? All members are photosynthetic. Members absorb dissolved organic matter. Members absorb dissolved inorganic matter. All members are microscopic. All members are macroscopic.

Members absorb dissolved organic matter.

Which stage immediately precedes the adult? Cercaria Metacercaria Miracidium Redia Proglottid

Metacercaria

Figure 10.4 In the cladogram shown in Figure 10.4, which two organisms are most closely related? Streptomyces and Micrococcus Micrococcus and Mycobacterium Mycobacterium and Lactobacillus Streptomyces and Lactobacillus Streptomyces and Mycobacterium

Micrococcus and Mycobacterium

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? Tick - Rocky Mountain spotted fever Tick - Lyme disease Mosquito - malaria Mosquito - Pneumocystis Mosquito - encephalitis

Mosquito - Pneumocystis

All of the following bacteria are gram-positive. Which does NOT belong with the others? Actinomyces Bacillus Corynebacterium Listeria Mycobacterium

Mycobacterium

Which of the following lacks a cell wall? Borrelia Mycoplasma Mycobacterium Clostridium Nocardia

Mycoplasma

One of the most popular taxonomic tools is DNA fingerprinting to develop profiles of organisms. These profiles provide direct information about Enzymatic activities. Protein composition. The presence of specific genes. Antigenic composition. Nucleotide sequences.

Nucleotide sequences.

An infectious protein is a Bacteriophage. Prion. Retrovirus. Viroid. Papovavirus.

Prion.

Which of the following characterizes the Domain Bacteria? Prokaryotic cells; ether linkages in phospholipids Eukaryotic cells; ester linkages in phospholipids Prokaryotic cells; ester linkages in phospholipids Complex cellular structures Multicellular

Prokaryotic cells; ester linkages in phospholipids

Into which group would you place a photosynthetic organism that lacks a nucleus and has a thin peptidoglycan wall surrounded by an outer membrane? Animalia Fungi Plantae Firmicutes (gram-positive bacteria) Proteobacteria (gram-negative bacteria)

Proteobacteria (gram-negative bacteria)

Escherichia coli belongs to the Proteobacteria. Gram-positive bacteria. Green sulfur bacteria. Spirochetes. Actinomycetes.

Proteobacteria.

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? Spirochete - axial filament Aerobic, helical bacteria - gram-negative Enterics - gram-negative Mycobacteria - acid-fast Pseudomonas - gram-positive

Pseudomonas - gram-positive

Which one of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the others? Bordetella Burkholderia Campylobacter Pseudomonas Salmonella

Salmonella

What contributes to antigenic shift in influenza viruses? Worldwide distribution Segmented genome Attachment spikes Ease of transmission Different subtypes

Segmented genome

The arrangement of organisms into taxa Shows degrees of relatedness between organisms. Shows relationships to common ancestors. Was designed by Charles Darwin. Is arbitrary. Is based on evolution.

Shows degrees of relatedness between organisms.

Figure 11.1 What is group "c." in the key shown in Figure 11.1? Bacteroidetes Chlamydiae Fusobacteria Planctomycetes Spirochaetes

Spirochaetes

Which of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the others? Halobacterium Halococcus Methanobacterium Staphylococcus Sulfolobus

Staphylococcus

Which of the following bacteria are responsible for more infections and more different kinds of infections? Streptococcus Staphylococcus Salmonella Pseudomonas Neisseria

Streptococcus

Which of the following would be the first step in biosynthesis of a virus with a - strand of RNA? Synthesis of DNA from an RNA template Synthesis of double-stranded RNA from an RNA template Synthesis of double-stranded RNA from a DNA template Transcription of mRNA from DNA Synthesis of DNA from a DNA template

Synthesis of double-stranded RNA from an RNA template

A persistent infection is an infection in which The virus remains in equilibrium with the host without causing a disease. Viral replication is unusually slow. The disease process occurs gradually over a long period. Host cells are gradually lysed. Host cells are transformed.

The disease process occurs gradually over a long period.

Which of the following statements about spikes is false? They are used for penetration. They are used for absorption. They may cause hemagglutination. They are found only on enveloped viruses. They are found only on nonenveloped viruses.

They are used for penetration.

Seventeen patients in ten hospitals had cutaneous infections caused by Rhizopus. In all 17 patients, Elastoplast bandages were placed over sterile gauze pads to cover wounds. Fourteen of the patients had surgical wounds, two had venous line insertion sites, and one had a bite wound. Lesions present when the bandages were removed ranged from vesiculopustular eruptions to ulcerations and skin necrosis requiring debridement. Fungi are more likely than bacteria to contaminate bandages because They are aerobic. They can tolerate low-moisture conditions. They prefer a neutral environment (pH 7). They have a fermentative metabolism. They cannot tolerate high osmotic pressure.

They can tolerate low-moisture conditions.

Which of the following statements provides the most significant support for the idea that viruses are nonliving chemicals? They are not composed of cells. They are filterable. They cannot reproduce themselves outside a host. They cause diseases similar to those caused by chemicals. They are chemically simple.

They cannot reproduce themselves outside a host.

The cells of plasmodial slime molds can grow to several centimeters in diameter because They have organelles. They distribute nutrients by cytoplasmic streaming. The large surface can absorb nutrients. They form spores. None of these.

They distribute nutrients by cytoplasmic streaming.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of parasitic platyhelminths? They are hermaphroditic. They are dorsoventrally flattened. They have a complete digestive system. They can be divided into flukes and tapeworms. They are multicellular animals.

They have a complete digestive system.

Caulobacter are different from most bacteria in that They are gram-negative. They are gram-positive. They have stalks. They lack cell walls. They are motile.

They have stalks.

Which of the following statements about the members of the Kingdom Plantae is false? They are multicellular. They have eukaryotic cells. They can photosynthesize. They use organic carbon sources. They use inorganic energy sources.

They use organic carbon sources.

Generalized transduction differs from specialized transduction in that generalized transduction Kills the host. Transfers DNA from one cell to another. Transfers specific DNA. Involves lysogeny. Lyses the host cell.

Transfers specific DNA.

Which of the following is the most effective control for malaria? Vaccination Treating patients Eliminate Anopheles Eliminate the intermediate host None of these is an effective control.

Treating patients

Cercariae, metacercaria, miracidia, and rediae are stages in the life cycle of Cestodes. Trematodes. Nematodes. Sporozoans. Sarcodina

Trematodes.

Which of the following bacteria is gram-negative? Treponema Corynebacterium Bacillus Staphylococcus Mycobacterium

Treponema

Both Beggiatoa and the purple sulfur bacteria use H2S. These bacteria differ in that Beggiatoa Uses H2S for an energy source. Uses H2S for a carbon source. Uses light energy. Belongs to the gammaproteobacteria. Is a heterotroph.

Uses H2S for an energy source.

You have isolated a bacterium that grows in a medium containing an organic substrate and nitrate in the absence of oxygen. The nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas. You can be sure that this bacterium is Gram-positive. Using anaerobic respiration. A chemoautotroph. A photoautotroph. A photoheterotroph.

Using anaerobic respiration.

In which of the following ways do viruses differ from bacteria? Viruses are filterable. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. Viruses don't have any nucleic acid. Viruses are not composed of cells. Viruses don't reproduce.

Viruses are not composed of cells.

Which of the following statements is NOT a reason for classifying viruses in the three domains rather than in a fourth domain? Some viruses can incorporate their genome into a host's genome. Viruses direct anabolic pathways of host cells. Viruses are obligate parasites. Viruses are not composed of cells. None of these.

Viruses are not composed of cells.

Which of the following statements about viruses is false? Viruses contain DNA or RNA but never both. Viruses contain a protein coat. Viruses use the anabolic machinery of the cell. Viruses use their own catabolic enzymes. Viruses have genes.

Viruses use their own catabolic enzymes.

The crab industry needs female crabs for growing more crabs. What bacterium might be used to ensure development of female crabs and shrimp? Acinetobacter Gemmata Neisseria Pelagibacter Wolbachia

Wolbachia

A definitive host harbors which stage of a parasite? Miracidium Cyst Adult Larva All of these

adult

Which of the following contributes to the difficulty in establishing the etiology of cancer? Most viral particles can infect cells without inducing cancer. Cancer may not develop until long after infection. Cancers do not seem to be contagious. Viruses are difficult to observe. All of these.

all of these

Figure 10.2A nucleic acid hybridization experiment produced the following results. In Figure 10.2, which figure shows the most closely related organisms? a b c d e

b

Bacteriophages and animal viruses do NOT differ significantly in which one of the following steps? Adsorption Penetration Uncoating Biosynthesis Release

biosynthesis

An example of a latent viral infection is Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Cold sores. Influenza. Smallpox. Mumps.

cold sores

The most common route of accidental AIDS transmission to health care workers is Mouth to mouth. Fecal-oral. Needlestick. Aerosol. Environmental surface contact.

needlestick

Protist is a diverse group of organisms that are similar in rRNA sequences. Metabolic type. Motility. Ecology. none of these

none of these

A clear area against a confluent "lawn" of bacteria is called a Phage. Pock. Cell lysis. Plaque. Rash

plaque

The phylogenetic classification of bacteria is based on Cell morphology. Gram reaction. rRNA sequences. Habitat. Diseases.

rRNA sequences.

An envelope is acquired during which of the following steps? Penetration Adsorption Uncoating Biosynthesis Release

release

Nontoxic strains of Vibrio cholerae can become toxic when they are in the human intestine with toxic strains of bacteria. This suggests that the toxin genes are acquired by Host enzymes. Prions. Reverse transcriptase. Transduction. None of these.

transduction

The following steps occur during multiplication of herpesviruses. What is the third step? Attachment Biosynthesis Penetration Release Uncoating

uncoating