Micro lect quiz 1

Polysome, or polyribosome, formation allows for ___________ in bacteria and occurs because_________. A. high production of protein from expressed genes; bacterial cells lack a nuclear membrane B. formation of a capsule; bacterial cells produce a lot of sugar C. formation of a cell wall; bacterial cells require protection from the environment D. uptake of solutes from the environment; nutrients are required for growth

A

An attenuated strain of a pathogenic bacteria or virus provided to a person... A. causes the full effects of the disease in the individual. B. may prevent disease in the individual by later exposure to a more virulent form of the strain. C. does not cause an immune reaction in the individual. D. all of the above

B

What did Robert Koch first accomplish that Louis Pasteur did not? A. Showed that biological agents (microbes) are responsible for the chemical transformations of fermentation. B. Experimentally proved the connection between microbes and disease. C. Disproved spontaneous generation (abiogenesis). D. Development of a vaccine for rabies. E. None of the above; Robert Koch do not accomplish any of these before Pasteur

B

Which label is correctly matched with its proper function or structure in this bacterium? A. Label D: these appendages are typically involved in attachment to surfaces or cell to cell contact B. Label B: the nucleus C. Label C: a plasmid D. Label A: slime layer E. Label F: a pilus F. Two of the above are correct.

C

Which of the following statement/statements among A-E regarding microbes is/are false? A. The classification of microbes into Domains revealed the existence of two distinct taxonomic groups of prokaryotes. B. Opportunistic pathogens start out as harmless types of bacteria. C. Though they need a host to replicate, viruses are generally capable of taking in and metabolizing nutrients and carrying out most other of life's activities. D. The ancestors of modern-day bacteria date back to more than 2 billion years ago. E. Bacteria and Archea can generally be found in all ecosystem levels; i.e., producers, consumers, decomposers. F. Two of A-E are false G. None of A-E are false.

C

Most bacteria have a cell wall, thus they tend to have an interior that is ___________ relative to the outside environment in order to maintain cell shape and cellular integrity. A. isotonic B. very low in solute molecule concentration C. hypotonic D. hypertonic E .two of the above are correct

D

The choices below each list three groups of organisms. For which choice, do all three groups include members that are considered microbes as defined in class? A. algae, fungi, animals B. animals, archaea, plants C. protozoans, bacteria, animals D. fungi, algae, archaea E. none of the above

D

Which of the following statements best describes what happens when a bacterial cell is placed in a hypotonic solution? A. Solutes will move into the cell. B. The cell cytoplasm will shrink. C. Water will move out of the cell. D. Water will move into the cell. E. None of the above will occur.

D

Winogradsky and Beijerinck discovered the lithotrophic bacteria. Which is false concerning this group of bacteria? A. They are a type of heterotrophic bacteria. B. They typically use carbon dioxide as a carbon source C. They can utilize compounds such as hydrogen (H2) or ammonia (NH3) as sources of energy. D. They are only found among the prokaryotes. E. They have an important role in the functioning of ecosystems.

a

Methanogens, thermophiles, and halophiles characterize many members of this taxonomic group of microbes

archaea

1. Which of the following specialized structures/inclusions would aquatic photoautotrophic bacteria likely possess? 1. Thylakoids 2. PHB Granules 3. Carboxysomes 4. Gas vacuoles A. 3, 4, 5 B. 1, 3, 4 C. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 D. 1, 3, 4, 5 E. 1, 2 F. 3, 4

b

Which compound is reduced in the reaction shown below? A. isocitric acid B. NAD+ C. NADH D. ketoglutaric acid

b

Which of the following terms is not correctly defined? A. A motile bacterium moving in a completely random manner: likely producing more "tumbles" than "runs" with its flagella B. Potential virulence factors for pathogens: capsule, fimbriae, flagella C. Spirochete: has a corkscrew motion due to the action of numerous flagella surrounding the exterior of the cell. D. Commensalistic bacteria: generally these will not harm you

c

You analyze a sample of Martian soil and determine there are microscopic, unicellular organisms that possess a nucleus, cannot photosynthesize, and are heterotrophs. You can be reasonably certain that these are very similar to members of the: A. archaea B. algae C. fungi D. bacteria E. plants

c

Evidence for the endosymbiont theory comes from all the following except: A. the presence of DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts B. the presence of ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts C. mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in size to prokaryotic cells D. mitochondria and chloroplasts are able to grow and divide on their own outside the cell

d

Which is false regarding catabolic processes? A. They release energy. B. They lead to the formation of smaller molecules from larger, complex molecules. C. They are coupled to (linked to) ATP formation reactions, i.e., ADP + P --> ATP. D. None are false; A-C are true statements.

d

Which of the following statements is true? A. Treatment of an infection by Gram-positive bacteria can be problematic since their cell envelope contains endotoxin activity. B. Mycobacterium species of bacteria contain peptidoglycan but also possess long chain mycolic acids that produce a thick cell envelope. C. For those Archaea that possess a cell wall, it is of the same structure/composition as in bacteria. D. Mycoplasma species of bacteria do not contain peptidoglycan. E. Two of the above are true statements.

e. (b and d)

A cross-section of the boundary layer(s)of is shown for two bacterial types A and B; one of these is a Gram-negative bacterium, the other is a Gram-positive bacterium. the red curve represents the cytoplasmic membrane. Which of the following features listed in A-E below is not correctly matched with the proper cell type or cell types? A. O antigen found here: B B. Teichoic acids found here: A C. Periplasmic lipoprotein found here: B D. Membrane phospholipids found here: A and B E. Tetrapeptide crossbridges found here: A and B F. A-E are all correctly matched.

f