MICRO mastering vaccines and immunological testing

Which of the following tests does NOT detect an immune response to a virus infection?

a direct immunofluorescent antibody test

In which of the following situations would pooled antisera from human donors be a better choice for passive immunotherapy than would horse-derived antisera?

a patient receiving long-term treatment for an immunodeficiency disease

One of the advantages of the oral poliovirus vaccine is that it contains an attenuated strain of the virus that is excreted from the intestinal tract of the immunized individual, usually a baby or young child. This is an example of which of the following?

both contact and herd immunity

Which serological test is capable of detecting specific antibodies in the serum of a patient by adding the patient serum to the wells of a commercially produced plate coated with antigen molecules?

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Vaccines that have been treated with chemicals or heat to destroy the pathogens are called _______vaccines.

inactivated

The influenza vaccine is an example of a(n)

inactivated killed vaccine

Which of the following is a basic type of vaccine?

live, attenuated vaccine subunit vaccine nucleic acid vaccines

Which is a potential side effect due to the injection of vaccines?

malaise and fever

Vaccines that result in the body's own production of pathogen antigens are called ___________ vaccines.

recombinant gene technology

what is the function of boosters

Boosters are injections that are given periodically to maintain immunity.

In the most commonly performed version of an ELISA, two wells both exhibit the color change indicative of a positive result. However, the color in one well is much more intense than in the other well. What is the interpretation of this result?

One sample contains more antibody than the other.

The earliest vaccinations were against smallpox. Which of the following statements about the history of smallpox vaccinations is FALSE?

Proteins from dairy cows were injected into people to protect them from smallpox.

What is the hallmark of a conjugated vaccine?

These vaccines contain weakly antigenic elements plus a more potent antigenic protein.

Why is it necessary to give the HPV vaccine in multiple doses?

The HPV vaccine does not replicate in the host

what is not true about vaccinations? Vaccines are now available for all infectious diseases, although they are not available to all people. The first documented vaccine-like procedures were variolation by the Chinese against smallpox. Louis Pasteur investigated immunization and developed a vaccine to rabies. Edward Jenner developed a small pox vaccination using cow pox scab crusts.

Vaccines are now available for all infectious diseases, although they are not available to all people.

Which of the following represents an immunologic-based diagnostic test?

agglutination reactions fluorescent antibody techniques precipitation reactions

Part complete Which of the following is a modification of an ELISA in which antibodies are bound to a membrane filter instead of to plates?

an immunofiltration assay

The MMR vaccine is given to young children as a shot that provides them near life-long immunity. Which type of immunity will a patient who receives MMR vaccine acquire?

artificially acquired active immunity

Vaccines with live microbes whose virulence have been reduced are called _________vaccines.

attenuated

Which type of vaccine could possibly cause a person to develop the disease?

attenuated live vaccine

Vaccines that pool more than one type of vaccine are called ________vaccines.

combination

The development of vaccines is considered the single most important application of immunology. What are the benefits associated with vaccinations?

control of viral disease herd immunity eradication of disease protection during travels

There are four categories typically used to describe the occurrence of a disease. In an epidemiological study, scientists determined that 33 people in one small town in Ohio were diagnosed with measles within a single week. Which category describes the occurrence of this disease?

sporadic

The Hepatitis B vaccine is which type of vaccine?

subunit vaccine

Which of the following describes the role of anti-antibodies in an immunochromatographic test?

to concentrate antigen-antibody complexes, making them visible

Vaccines produced against agents produced by microbes rather than against the microbes themselves are called ________ vaccines.

toxoid