micro SBM chapter 9

Which is true regarding semiconservative DNA replication?

Each new DNA helix contains one parent strand and one newly synthesized strand.

Conjugation in gram-negative cells is directed by a plasmid called the __________ factor.

F- fertility

DNA polymerase __________ is the main enzyme responsible for building the DNA strand during DNA replication.

3

_________ in bacteria refers to horizontal gene transmission via pili.

Conjugation

What binds to an inactive repressor to make an active repressor?

Corepressor

The enzyme involved in replicating a new DNA strand is DNA polymerase Blank______, while DNA polymerase Blank______ is involved in removing the RNA primer, closing gaps, and repairing mismatched bases.

III, I

Which is the correct order of events when a protein is made in the process of translation, starting with the first event?

Initiation, elongation, termination

Which type of plasmids confer the ability of an organism to survive treatment by antibiotics?

R factors

Which term refers to the transfer of genes from donor to recipient microorganisms?

Recombination

________ RNA may exert control on several levels in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Regulatory

What must occur prior to cell division to ensure that each new cell has a complete set of DNA chromosome(s)?

Replication

Which type of mutation is due to random mistakes in replication?

Spontaneous mutation

Which are components of an operon in a sequence of DNA?

Structural genes Regulatory region

Which of the following are functions of RNA polymerase?

Unwinds the DNA so that transcription can take place Synthesizes an RNA molecule from DNA template

The carcinogenic potential of a chemical can be determined by the _________ test.

ames

Which gene transfer method involves the uptake of free DNA by competent bacterial cells?

Transformation

In RNA, which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine?

Uracil

Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not found in DNA?

Uracil

DNA polymerase III is responsible for:

building the DNA chain

An inactive repressor binds to a(n) ________ to make an active repressor.

corepressor

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA?

dRNA

Which pentose sugar is found in DNA?

deoxyribose

the DNA of a chromosome is ___________ stranded

double

In eukaryotic cells, gene expression is regulated in response to __________ stimuli such as nutrient and toxin levels, and also during growth and _________.

environmental development

One DNA repair mechanism that removes incorrect bases, and replaces them with correct ones, is the Blank______ repair mechanism.

excision

Bacterial conjugation is a sexual process.

false

In bacterial conjugation, all F+ donor cells are high frequency recombinant (Hfr) cells.

false

Mutations are always harmful to cells.

false

Viral genomes are always composed of either single or double stranded DNA.

false

DNA sequences found within a gene that do not encode the protein corresponding to the gene are

introns

The three types of RNA that are directly involved in making protein are______ RNA,_________ RNA, and _________RNA.

m -messenger t- transfer r- ribosomal

An alteration in the DNA sequence of a cell is a(n)

mutation

A small number of ________ are considered beneficial in that they provide the cell with a useful change in structure or physiology.

mutations

The basic unit of DNA structure is the

nucleotide

The building blocks of DNA structure are

nucleotide

The complete set of chromosomes and genes in an organism is referred to as the

genome

Several DNA viruses are known to be initiators of cancers and are thus termed

oncogenic

The site on a chromosome where DNA replication begins is called the of _________ replication.

origin

The place where DNA replication is initiated is called the

origin of replication

Another term for genetics is

heredity

A recipient cell having no F (fertility ) ___________ DNA is considered F- in bacterial conjugation.

plasmid

A small circular segment of DNA found in the cytoplasm of bacteria that is capable of independent replication and usually contains nonessential genes is a(n)

plasmid

Mutations that involve the addition, deletion, or substitution of one or a few bases are referred to as Blank______ mutations.

point

The addition, deletion, or substitution of no more than a few bases as the result of a mutation is referred to as a(n)

point mutation

Donor and recipient bacterial cells are connected by the sex ________ during conjugation.

pilus

Two components of an operon include the ________ region and the ______ gene sequences.

regulatory structural

During semiconservative ___________ the DNA is duplicated prior to binary fission.

replication

The enzymes responsible for building the DNA strand, proofreading newly produced DNA strands, and removing the RNA primer are DNA __________ I and III.

polymerase

DNA polymerases are responsible for

proofreading/repair. building the DNA chain.

When one bacterium donates DNA to other bacterium, it is known as

recombination

The newly made double helices are composed of one parent template and one newly synthesized strand as a result of __________ replication.

semiconservative

The feature of the lac operon that is capable of stopping the activity of the operon is a(n)

repressor

The protein which is capable of stopping the output of product encoded by the lac operon is called a(n)

repressor

The pentose sugar found in RNA is

ribose

Mutations in DNA that are caused by random mistakes in replication, and are not known to be the result of any mutagenic agent, are ___________ mutations.

spontaneous

The term _________ , or codon, is a sequence of 3 nucleotides in DNA that encodes an amino acid.

triplet

R-factors or "resistance factors" can be shared between bacteria through conjugation to help them survive the effects of antibiotics. True false question.

true

The nitrogenous base thymine is only found in DNA, while ________ is only found in RNA.

uracil

The nitrogenous base thymine is only found in DNA, while _________ is only found in RNA.

uracil

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) arise when, through genetic transfer, a MRSA strain acquires the ___________ operon located within a ___________

vanA transposon

Uracil, the nitrogenous base unique to RNA molecules, pairs with the nitrogenous base _______________.

Adenine

The flow of genetic information in a cell is a process starting with __________ which encodes _________ which encodes protein.

DNA RNA

Which best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

DNA encodes RNA which encodes protein

What is the name of the specialized plasmid that directs conjugation in gram-negative cells?

F factor

In bacterial conjugation, which term refers to a donor cell with a fertility plasmid?

F+

In bacterial conjugation, which term refers to a recipient cell that does not have a fertility plasmid?

F-

Which term represents all of the genetic information within a cell?

Genome

Genetic inheritance in microorganisms is best defined by which term?

Heredity

Which type of donor has the fertility factor integrated into the chromosome in bacterial conjugation?

Hfr

DNA polymerase Blank______ is the main enzyme involved in the building of the new DNA chain, whereas DNA polymerase Blank______ is involved mostly with removing the primers and repairing damaged DNA

III/I

Which DNA sequences are found within a gene but do not encode the protein specified by that gene?

Introns

A DNA nucleotide is composed of a(n)__________ , a(n) __________ sugar, and a(n) __________ base.

Phosphate Deoxyribose sugar Nitrogenous base

Which of the following are parts of a nucleotide in DNA?

Phosphate Deoxyribose sugar Nitrogenous base

Which process uses visible light to repair DNA that has been damaged by ultraviolet radiation?

Photoactivation

The main enzyme responsible for transcription is:

RNA polymerase

Which of the following is the genetic pattern of viral genomes?

Single or double stranded DNA or RNA

What is the purpose of the Ames test?

To determine the carcinogenic potential of a chemical

Which term, synonymous with codon, describes a trinucleotide sequence coding an amino acid in DNA?

Triplet

A mutation is an alteration in the DNA sequence or content of a cell that is passed on when the cell divides.

True

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain produces vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) with the gene transfer of

a transposon containing the vanA operon

Viral initiators of cancer are termed

oncogenic

The transfer of DNA via bacteriophages is

transduction

Which recombination method involves transfer of DNA via bacteriophages?

transduction

The process by which there is uptake of free DNA by competent bacterial cells is

transformation