Micro Test 1

Differential stain types

gram stain, acid-fast stain, endospore stain

Multicellular animals

helminth

Most of the time, microbes in natural circumstances exist ______.

in relationship with other species

A complex of carbohydrate and lipid in gram-negative bacterial cell walls, that can cause fever and shock in the host, is called

lipopolysaccharide

Simple stain types

methylene blue, crystal violet, safranin

It is _________ acceptable to open your fungi-containing Petri dish.

never

Chloroplasts are the site of ________ and are located in plants and plantlike organisms called ________.

photosynthesis; algae

Choose the term that describes the formal system of identifying, arranging, and naming organisms

taxonomy

T/f Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.

true

Multicellular, cell walls of chitin

Filamentous fungi

Special stain types

Flagellar

If I look through the 10x ocular lens and the 40x objective, what is my total magnification?

400x

In Lab 2, define "Aseptic Technique".

A method of handling microbes and materials in a way that minimizes contamination.

Viruses are commonly grown in/on A. Animal cells or tissues B. Agar plates C. Broth cultures D. All of the above

A. Animal cells or tissues

Which of these types of organisms is least likely to be identified to the genus level with light microscopy? A. Bacteria B. Protozoa C. Fungus D. Helminth

A. Bacteria

Which of these organisms has the best potential to survive in extreme environments? A. Fungi B. Trophozoite form of Protozoa C. Helminth D. Yeast

A. Fungi

Analyze the following statements, and select those that correctly reflect the characteristics of archaea.

A. Metabolically, archaea are the most diverse group of organisms on the planet, surviving in extreme conditions such as extreme heat, high salt levels, extreme pH, and high pressure. B. The extreme halophiles are not only tolerate to high salt levels; they require it to grow.

DNA leads to RNA which can lead to the creation of A. Proteins B. Lipids C. Cells D. Oxygen

A. Proteins

Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.

Fungi Algae Plants

Choose the differential stain that is most important in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.

Acid-fast stain

Unicellular or multicellular photosynthetic protists

Algae

Which of the following would be used to identify an unknown bacterial culture that came from a patient in the intensive care unit? A. Gray's anatomy B. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology C. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology D. The Physician's Desk Reference

B. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology

Most of the time, microbes in natural circumstances exist A. A single cells relationship B. In relationship with other species C. As single species D. As colonies on agar

B. In relationship with other species

Which of the following is present in both gram-positive and gram-negative cell walls? A. An outer membrane B. Peptidoglycan C. Teichoic acid D. Lipopolysaccharides

B. Peptidoglycan

Which of the following is a macromolecule that assembles into bilayers? A. Protein B. Phospholipid C. Nucleic acid D. Carbohydrate

B. Phospholipid

Which structure plays a direct role in the exchange of genetic material between bacterial cells? A. Flagellum B. Pilus C. Capsule D. Fimbria

B. Pilus

Which of these groups causes the most casualties on an annual basis globally? A. Helminths B. Protozoa C. Fungi D. Algae

B. Protozoa

Yeasts are _____ fungi, and molds are ______ fungi A. Macroscopic; microscopic B. Unicellular; filamentous C. Motile; nonmotile D. Water; terrestrial

B. Unicellular; filamentous

Name six types of micro organisms that we are setting in this book and use each one in a sentence.

Bacteria, Virus, Helminths, Fungi, Protozoans, Archaea

Why do we need to use "OIL Immersion" with the 100x objective?

Because the refractive index of oil is similar to glass, thus bringing in more light photons to the objective lens.

When a hypothesis has been thoroughly supported by long-term study and data, it is considered A. A law B. A speculation C. A theory D. Proven

C. A theory

Mitochondria likely originated from A. Archaea B. Invagination of the cell membrane C. Bacteria D. Chloroplasts

C. Bacteria

Which of the following processes can be the result of human manipulation of microbial genes? A. The central dogma B. Natural selection C. Bioremediation D. Abiogenesis

C. Bioremediation

The Golgi apparatus A. Receives vesicles from the mitochondria B. Packages products into transitional vesicles C. Modifies proteins D. may the sizes proteins and sterols

C. Modifies proteins

Fungi produce which structures for reproduction and multiplication? A. Endospores B. Cysts C. Spores D. Eggs

C. Spores

Bacterial endoscopes usually function in A. Reproduction B. Metabolism of nutrients C. Survival D. Storage

C. Survival

Select all answers that are roles played by microorganisms in our environment.

Carry out photosynthesis Biological decomposition Nutrient recycling

Choose the sentence that best describes how bacteria respond to chemical attractants.

Chemical attractants inhibit tumbles, enabling bacteria to make faster progress toward the stimulus

What structures can be seen as spirals crisscrossing the spirogyra cells?

Chloroplasts

If a gram stain result is unclear, which of the following should be considered? A. Getting a new sample B. Restaining same sample C. Identity of microbe may actually be gram-variable D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Microbes are found in which habitat? A. Human body B. Earth's crust C. Oceans D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following is not useful to determine whether a clinical isolate is a bacterium, fungus, or protozoan? A. It's size under a light microscope B. Whether it has a cell wall C. Whether it can form protective structures under stress D. All of the above are reliable

D. All of the above are reliable

Identify the process or environment in this list that is not affected by micro organisms. A. Oxygen cycles B. Global temps C. Human health D. All of the above have microbial involvement

D. All of the above have microbial involvement

The identities of micro organisms on our planet A. Are mostly known B. Have nearly all been identified via microscopy C. Have nearly all been identified via culturing techniques D. Are still mostly unknown

D. Are still mostly unknown

A fastidious organism must be grown on what type of medium? A. General-purpose medium B. Differential medium C. Defined medium D. Enriched medium

D. Enriched medium

Archaea A. Are mostly genetically related to bacteria B. Contain a nucleus C. Cannot cause disease in humans D. Lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls

D. Lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls

Nanotubes are extensions of the _______ that can function in ______ A. Membrane, genetic exchange B. Pilus, genetic exchange C. Flagellum, motility D. Membrane, nutrient transfer

D. Membrane, nutrient transfer

Find the true statement about bio films A. They are found only in outdoor environments B. They are found only on artificial medical implants C. They consist of many representatives of single bacterial species D. They complicate the treatment of some infections

D. They complicate the treatment of some infections

Diagnosis of infections in a hospitalized person is often accomplished via A. Microscopy B. Culture samples from patient C. Palpitation of an infected area D. Two of the above

D. Two of the above (a and b)

Which of the following is an a cellular microorganism lacking a nucleus? A. Bacterium B. Helminth C. Protozoan D. Virus

D. Virus

____________ are responsible for nitrogen fixation:

Heterocyst

Microtubules

Long, hollow tubes that maintain cell shape and help transport items within the cell

Actin filament

Long, thin, 7 nm in diameter, concentrated just inside the cytoplasmic membrane

Which of the following is a part of the general structure of a mitochondrion?

Matrix Inner membrane Cristae 70S Ribosomes

Choose the substance or condition that triggers sporogenesis among endospore-forming bacteria.

Nutrient depletion

How do we classify protozoa?

On movement

Which term refers to the arrangement of bacilli in side-by-side rows?

Palisade

Unicellular, heterotrophic protists

Protozoa

Intermediate filament

Ropelike structures, 10 nm in diameter, provide structural reinforcement

Choose the most accurate description of a typical helminth lifestyle.

The helminth reproduces sexually and spends most of its life in either a single animal host or a series of animal hosts.

Select those structures that are found in a gram-positive cell envelope

Thick layer of peptidoglycan Cell membrane Teichoic acids Lipoteichoic acids

Choose the component that provides for a stronger cell wall structure in gram-positive cells as compared to gram-negative cells.

Thick peptidoglycan layer

In Lab 3, what is the purpose of making a "StreakPlate"?

To isolate or separate individual bacteria from mixtures.

Why do we wear lab coats, gloves, and safety glasses?

To protect us from infection, bio, chemical, and physical hazards.

Which is a use of algae?

Used for making agar Production of oxygen Food for animals Food for humans

Select the characteristic that is exhibited by viruses a. Viruses are independent living cellular organisms b. Viruses are parasitic particles that invade host cells c. Viruses are much more complex than cells d. Viruses are composed of both DNA and RNA e. Viruses lack a protein coat.

Viruses are parasitic particles that invade host cells

Select all of the characteristics of eukaryotic flagella that distinguish them from bacterial flagella.

Whip back and forth Consist of a 9 + 2 microtubule arrangement 200 nm in diameter

Unicellular, cell walls of chitin

Yeast

The movement of bacteria toward or away from a chemical stimulus is _________.

chemotaxis

Protozoa produce which structures when environmental conditions become unfavorable?

cysts