microbiology ch 25
38) Which of the following is the most correct description of the function of reverse transcriptase? A) It synthesizes a DNA strand from an RNA template, degrades the RNA strand, and replaces the RNA with a new DNA strand. B) It synthesizes an RNA strand from an integrated DNA, then synthesizes the complementary strand to produce a double-stranded RNA. C) It synthesizes a DNA from an integrated DNA template, then synthesizes multiple RNA copies of the newly synthesized DNA molecule. D) It synthesizes an RNA strand from an infecting single-strand RNA then synthesizes multiple RNA copies of both strands. E) It synthesizes a DNA strand from an infecting RNA strand, then uses the DNA as a template for synthesis of multiple new RNA strands.
A) It synthesizes a DNA strand from an RNA template, degrades the RNA strand, and replaces the RNA with a new DNA strand.
2) Which of the following RNA virus families include the smallest viral pathogens in animals? A) Picornaviridae B) Coronaviridae C) Paramyxoviridae D) Arenaviridae E) Rhinoviridae
A) Picornaviridae
28) How are HIV virions rendered virulent? A) The action of protease releases reverse transcriptase and capsomeres after the virion buds from the cell. B) They bud to the surface of the host cell. C) They use a chemokine receptor to remove gp120. D) They bind to smooth muscle cells. E) They contact the cytoplasmic membrane via gp41.
A) The action of protease releases reverse transcriptase and capsomeres after the virion buds from the cell.
17) The disease known as dengue hemorrhagic fever is actually A) a hyperimmune response to reinfection with the dengue virus. B) an immediate immune reaction to the initial infection with the dengue virus. C) an antibody-antigen complex reaction. D) the result of co-infection with other arboviruses. E) the chronic carrier state of the dengue virus.
A) a hyperimmune response to reinfection with the dengue virus.
26) Colorado tick fever is caused by a ________ and can cause headache, muscle aches and conjunctivitis in some individuals. A) coltivirus B) rotavirus C) mumps virus D) hantavirus E) coxsackie B virus
A) coltivirus
33) Ebola hemorrhagic fever is caused by which type of virus? A) filovirus B) rhabdovirus C) paramyxovirus D) rubulavirus E) pneumovirus
A) filovirus
19) Which of the following viruses is considered a childhood disease, was first identified by a German physician, and is known to cause "three-day measles"? A) rubella B) roseola C) echovirus D) coxsackie A virus E) rhinovirus
A) rubella
42) The HIV virion is best described as a(n) A) segmented RNA genome in an irregular polyhedron capsid with envelope. B) unsegmented RNA genome in a helical capsid with an envelope. C) unsegmented RNA genome in a long flexible helical capsid with envelope. D) segmented RNA genome in an icosahedral capsid, without envelope. E) segmented RNA genome in helical capsids and an envelope.
A) segmented RNA genome in an irregular polyhedron capsid with envelope.
62)Short Answer Chronic liver disease progressing to cancer can result from infection with the RNA hepatitis (A/B/C) virus.
Answer: C
68)Short Answer HIV attaches to T cell and macrophages by means of an interaction between gp120 and a(n) (antibody/CD4/gp41) receptor.
Answer: CD4
48)True/False Infection by all influenza strains can be prevented with vaccines.
Answer: FALSE
49)True/False Rhinovirus infection is only treatable with over-the-counter medications (antihistamine, pain reliever, decongestant).
Answer: FALSE
50)True/False Coronaviruses cause gastrointestinal disease.
Answer: FALSE
53)True/False Infants infected with the coxsackie B virus do not develop myocarditis and, therefore, the virus is rarely fatal.
Answer: FALSE
54)True/False Two doses of the MMR vaccine provide full protection from infection with the mumps virus.
Answer: FALSE
55)True/False The spread of hepatitis D is preventable by the hepatitis D vaccine.
Answer: FALSE
61)Short Answer A diagnostic sign of measles are (herpangina/Koplik's spots/macules) in the mouth.
Answer: Koplik's spots
46)True/False Hepatitis A does not cause chronic liver disease, and complete recovery occurs 99% of the time.
Answer: TRUE
47)True/False In the United States, about 75% of children 7 years old and older have antibodies to astroviruses.
Answer: TRUE
51)True/False Norovirus is the leading cause of viral gastroenteritis in the United States.
Answer: TRUE
52)True/False The practice of screening blood, blood products, and organ transplants for HIV has virtually eliminated the risk of HIV infection from these sources.
Answer: TRUE
65)Short Answer Rubella vaccine is a(n) (attenuated/inactivated/subunit) vaccine and should not be given to pregnant women.
Answer: attenuated
64)Short Answer A distinctive characteristic of rotavirus virions is the presence of (dsRNA/-ssRNA/segemented RNA).
Answer: dsRNA
69)Short Answer Ebola and Marburg viruses are emerging pathogens that cause life-threatening (encephalitis/diarrhea/hemorrhaging) and can be transmitted in body fluids.
Answer: hemorrhaging
59)Short Answer Jonas Salk developed a(n) (attenuated/inactivated/subunit) polio vaccine in 1955.
Answer: inactivated
66)Short Answer The dengue viruses are spread by (fleas/mosquitoes/ticks).
Answer: mosquitoes
70)Short Answer The (hemagglutinin/neuraminidase/reverse transcriptase) of influenza viruses is both a virulence factor and a target for antiviral treatment.
Answer: neuraminidase
56)Short Answer An RNA that can be used by a ribosome to translate into protein is (double/positive/negative) strand RNA.
Answer: positive
67)Short Answer The (reoviruses/retroviruses/rhinoviruses) have been studied more than any other group of viruses because of their unique features and the diseases they cause.
Answer: retroviruses
57)Short Answer The clinical term for "runny nose" is (reovir/rhinorrhea/rhinovirus).
Answer: rhinorrhea
60)Short Answer Infection with (astrovirus/norovirus/rotavirus) is the most common cause of diarrhea in children worldwide.
Answer: rotavirus
58)Short Answer A vaccine is available to prevent (chronic/enteric/serum) hepatitis.
Answer: serum
63)Short Answer Arboviruses are transmitted by the (contact/enteric/vector) route.
Answer: vector
3) Which of the following is a family of six-pointed, star-shaped viruses that cause gastrointestinal diseases? A) Picornaviridae B) Caliciviridae C) Rhabdoviridae D) Coronaviridae E) Filoviridae
B) Caliciviridae
29) A scientist discovers a new virus affecting birds. After isolation, the virus is characterized as having single-strand RNA in an icosahedral capsid and an envelope. To which of the following virus families might this new virus belong? A) Coronaviridae B) Flaviviridae C) Orthomyxoviridae D) Picornaviridae E) Reoviridae
B) Flaviviridae
32) An emerging fatal disease in humans caused by one of the members of the Paramyxoviridae is known as A) dengue virus. B) Nipah virus. C) respiratory syncytial virus. D) Eastern encephalitis virus. E) rubella virus.
B) Nipah virus.
4) Which of the following statements about rhinoviruses is FALSE? A) They are limited to infecting the upper respiratory tract. B) They are the only viruses that can cause a common cold. C) They are extremely infectious. D) They thrive at 33°C. E) Person-to-person contact is the most common mode of transmission.
B) They are the only viruses that can cause a common cold.
24) The human T-lymphotropic virus 1 causes A) hairy cell leukemia. B) adult acute T-cell lymphocytic leukemia. C) Hodgkin's lymphoma. D) hepatic cancer. E) Burkitt's lymphoma.
B) adult acute T-cell lymphocytic leukemia.
11) Which of the following viruses is suspected of being a cause of diabetes mellitus? A) coxsackie A virus B) coxsackie B virus C) echoviruses D) enteroviruses E) hepatitis A
B) coxsackie B virus
45) Deltavirus (hepatitis D virus) requires co-infection with ________ to produce infectious virions. A) hepatitis A virus B) hepatitis B virus C) hepatitis C virus D) arenaviruses E) hepatitis E virus
B) hepatitis B virus
34) Public health scientists discover and become concerned about a new strain of RNA virus among farm animals, especially geese and pigs, in the Midwest. Each virion is composed of lipid, helical proteins, and multiple pieces of RNA. This new virus may be a(n) A) rotavirus. B) influenza virus. C) hantavirus. D) dengue virus. E) coronavirus.
B) influenza virus.
20) A child has a mild fever and a macular rash primarily on the torso. No lesions are evident in the mouth, and the child has not complained of pain. Which of the following diseases might the child have? A) hand-foot-and-mouth disease B) three-day measles C) red measles D) dengue fever E) Rocky Mountain spotted fever
B) three-day measles
27) Which of the following cells is NOT infected by HIV? A) helper T cells B) microglia C) B lymphocytes D) macrophages E) dendritic cells
C) B lymphocytes
14) How do coronaviruses differ from togaviruses? A) Coronaviruses have an envelope. B) Coronaviruses are RNA viruses. C) Coronaviruses have helical capsids. D) Coronaviruses contain positive RNA. E) Coronaviruses individual capsids can be visualized.
C) Coronaviruses have helical capsids.
18) Which of the following is MISMATCHED? A) Salk vaccine; requires boosters B) Sabin vaccine; live attenuated vaccine C) Salk vaccine; administered orally D) Sabin vaccine; less stable E) Salk vaccine; inactivated polio vaccine
C) Salk vaccine; administered orally
37) Rodents are the normal hosts for which of the following encephalitis viruses? A) eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) B) St. Louis encephalitis C) Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) D) western equine encephalitis (WEE) E) West Nile virus
C) Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE)
12) The common childhood illness called "hand-foot-and-mouth disease" because it causes lesions in these areas is caused by A) an echoviruse. B) a rhinoviruse. C) a strain of coxsackie A virus. D) a strain of coxsackie B virus. E) the rubella virus.
C) a strain of coxsackie A virus.
5) Enteroviruses gain their name from the fact that they A) infect the digestive system. B) are able to withstand the low pH of the stomach. C) are transmitted by the fecal-oral route. D) spread from the intestinal lining into the bloodstream to cause viremia. E) remain latent inside cells in the stomach and intestines.
C) are transmitted by the fecal-oral route.
8) The type of polio that involves the infection of the brain stem and medulla is A) asymptomatic polio. B) postpolio syndrome. C) bulbar poliomyelitis. D) minor polio. E) nonparalytic polio.
C) bulbar poliomyelitis.
25) The recent epidemic of SARS virus was caused by a(n) A) adenovirus. B) rhinovirus. C) coronavirus. D) flavivirus. E) togavirus.
C) coronavirus.
43) Humans may become infected with ________ by inhaling aerosols of dried rodent excrement. A) influenza virus B) coronaviruses C) hantavirus D) West Nile virus E) Venezuelan encephalitis virus
C) hantavirus
40) Which of the following viruses can establish a chronic infection of the liver which may progress to liver cancer? A) hepatitis A B) HTLV-1 C) hepatitis C D) hepatitis D E) hepatitis E
C) hepatitis C
15) Which of the following is a member of the Flaviviridae that is NOT an arbovirus? A) eastern equine encephalitis virus B) dengue virus C) hepatitis C virus D) hepatitis E virus E) West Nile virus
C) hepatitis C virus
9) Fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, and a yellow color of the sclera and skin, without hemorrhaging or kidney damage, are typically observed with A) gastroenteritis. B) dengue fever. C) hepatitis. D) rubella. E) yellow fever.
C) hepatitis.
36) Which of the following is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses? A) Picornaviridae B) Coronaviridae C) Retroviridae D) Reoviridae E) Rhabdoviridae
D) Reoviridae
41) Over the past couple of decades, most human rabies infection in the United States have been the result of contact with rabid A) dogs. B) cats. C) rats. D) bats. E) foxes.
D) bats.
44) Which of the following is a possible complication of infection with the mumps virus? A) subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) B) meningitis C) pancreatitis D) both meningitis and pancreatitis E) meningitis, pancreatitis, and SSPE
D) both meningitis and pancreatitis
7) Some patients who have suffered from polio develop symptoms 30-40 years later in the form of A) repeated cold symptoms. B) meningitis. C) encephalitis. D) crippling deterioration and dysfunction in the polio-affected muscles. E) deterioration of the nerves that control polio-affected muscles.
D) crippling deterioration and dysfunction in the polio-affected muscles.
22) Which of the following characteristics distinguishes coronaviruses from rhinoviruses? A) replicate best at 33°C B) transmitted via respiratory droplets C) cause common colds D) envelope is present E) virions contain single-stranded positive RNA
D) envelope is present
16) The West Nile virus is classified as a(n) A) rhinovirus. B) coronavirus. C) togavirus. D) flavivirus. E) enterovirus.
D) flavivirus.
10) Which vaccine-preventable disease caused by an RNA virus has been nearly eradicated? A) measles B) influenza C) hantavirus D) polio E) rotavirus
D) polio
13) Enteric hepatitis is fatal for 20% of people in which of the following groups? A) infants under the age of 1 year B) teenagers C) young adults D) pregnant women E) elderly men
D) pregnant women
23) Which of the following enzymes allows retroviruses to transcribe DNA from ssRNA? A) protease B) DNA polymerase C) integrase D) reverse transcriptase E) nuclease
D) reverse transcriptase
1) The "common cold" is so common because A) no immunity to the virus develops. B) the highly variable parainfluenza virus causes colds. C) a large number of coronaviruses cause it. D) over 100 strains of rhinovirus cause colds. E) 100+ strains of rhinovirus and several other types of virus cause "colds."
E) 100+ strains of rhinovirus and several other types of virus cause "colds."
31) Which of the following bodily fluids is commonly a source of infection by HIV? A) breast milk B) semen C) vaginal secretions D) both semen and vaginal secretions E) breast milk, semen, and vaginal secretions
E) breast milk, semen, and vaginal secretions
21) The transmission of enteric hepatitis is most effectively prevented by A) safe sex practices. B) immunization. C) reducing aerosol dispersion. D) vector control. E) good public sanitation and personal hygiene.
E) good public sanitation and personal hygiene.
35) Which of the following pairs is MISMATCHED? A) mumps; parotitis B) rabies; hydrophobia C) measles; Koplik's spots D) parainfluenza virus; croup E) hantavirus; paralysis
E) hantavirus; paralysis
30) Which of the following cells are a major reservoir for and distributor of HIV? A) helper T cells B) B lymphocytes C) cytotoxic T cells D) infected dendritic cells E) monocytes and macrophages
E) monocytes and macrophages
6) Diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting are signs and symptoms associated with which of the following viruses? A) coxsackie A B) enterovirus C) rhinovirus D) echovirus E) norovirus
E) norovirus
39) Fever, jaundice, and hemorrhaging which often results in "black vomit" are characteristics of A) coronavirus. B) Dengue fever. C) hepatitis C infection. D) West Nile fever. E) yellow fever.
E) yellow fever.