microbiology Chapter 11 questions

Genetic engineers working with crops usually insert new genes into a plant by attaching the desired gene to a Ti plasmid. They then place the Ti plasmid into an Agrobacterium. What is the rationale for going through these steps? A) Agrobacteria insert Ti plasmids into plants. B) The Ti plasmid is replicated in the Agrobacterium, producing many copies. C) Agrobacteria can transfer the Ti plasmid to other soil bacteria. D) Genes inserted into plants only work when attached to a Ti plasmid. E) This is the only way genes can be placed into plants.

A) Agrobacteria insert Ti plasmids into plants.

Which genus of bacteria is used to help in the growth of legumes because of its ability to fix nitrogen and control oxygen levels? A) Rhizobium. B) Agrobacterium. C) Azotobacter. D) Caulobacter. E) Legumobacter

A) Rhizobium

A process in which unicellular sulfur oxidizers convert metal sulfides into sulfuric acid causing acidification of streams, killing trees, fish and wildlife is called A) bioleaching. B) bulking. C) bioacidification. D) biocidal acidification. E) sulfuric acidification

A) bioleaching

Which of the following statements are true of enteric bacteria? 1. Most are Gram-negative rods. 2. Most species live in the intestines of humans and other animals. 3. Many are part of the normal flora. 4. Most are aerobes. 5. Proteus, Escherichia, and Enterobacter are examples of enteric bacteria. A) 1,2,3 B) 1,2,3,5 C) 1,2,3,4 D) 2,3,4,5 E) 1,2,3,4,5

B) 1,2,3,5

A new species of bacterium was found growing deep inside rocks in a diamond mine in Africa. It is most likely a(n): A) Oxygenic phototroph B) Chemolithotroph C) Chemoorganotroph D) Anoxygenic phototroph E) Extreme halophile

B) Chemolithotroph

The members of which genus of bacteria are often club-shaped, contain metachromatic granules, and are sometimes called diphtheroids? A) Mycobacterium B) Corynebacterium C) Enterobacteriaceae D) Streptomyces E) Micrococcus

B) Corynebacterium

Which of the following bacteria form swarms and produce fruiting bodies? A) Azobacter B) Myxobacteria C) Streptomyces D) Agrobacterium E) Rhizobium

B) Myxobacteria

Bacteria that have an unusual corkscrew form of mobility that is due to structures called axial filaments would be A) Legionella. B) Spirochete. C) Bdellovibrio. D) Vibrio. E) Axilleae

B) Spirochete

The genus of bacteria that has hyphae, forms a mycelium, and produces conidia is A) Myxobacterium. B) Streptomyces. C) Mycobacterium. D) Hyphomicrobium. E) Fungomyces

B) Streptomyces

Which of the following statements are true with regard to Mycobacterium? 1. They are classified as facultative anaerobes. 2. Some are saprophytic. 3. They possess a Gram-negative cell wall. 4. Their cell wall contains a waxy lipid. 5. Acid-fast staining is used in identification. A) 1,2,3 B) 1,2,3,4 C) 2,4,5 D) 2,3,4,5 E) 1,2,3,4,5

C) 2,4,5

You are walking near a swamp and notice a strong smell of sulfur. The smell is most likely produced by a(n): A) Methanogen B) Chemoorganotroph C) Aerobic chemolithotroph D) Oxygenic phototroph E) Cyanobacterium

C) Aerobic chemolithotroph

Which of the following bacteria is not part of the normal flora in humans? A) Streptococcus. B) E. coli. C) Salmonella. D) Staphylococcus. E) Enterococcus.

C) Salmonella.

Which of the following organism/disease pairings is incorrect? A) Yersinia pestis/bubonic plague. B) Helicobacter pyloris/ulcers. C) Shigella/meningitis. D) Rickettsia/Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. E) Vibrio/cholera.

C) Shigella/meningitis.

All of the following are true regarding cyanobacteria EXCEPT: A) They are photosynthetic and therefore produce carbohydrates and oxygen. B) Many have the important ability to carry out the process of nitrogen fixation. C) They are found only in marine habitats. D) They have many shapes ranging from unicellular cocci and bacilli to multicellular trichomes. E) They possess chlorophyll as well as phycobiliproteins for the absorption of various wavelengths of sunlight. F) All of the above are true regarding cyanobacteria.

C) They are found only in marine habitats.

Organisms that obtain energy by removing electrons from a reduced compound and transferring them to an inorganic terminal electron acceptor are called A) phototrophs. B) photolithotrophs. C) chemolithotrophs. D) chemoorganotrophs. E) autotrophs.

C) chemolithotrophs.

A resting stage that allows some species of Bacillus and Clostridium to survive unfavorable conditions and is capable of surviving extremes of heat, dryness, and radiation is called a(n) A) metachromatic granule. B) capsule. C) endospore. D) cyst. E) microcyst.

C) endospore.

Which of the following terms best describes bacteria that are able to grow in environments whether oxygen is present or not? A) obligate aerobe. B) obligate anaerobe. C) facultative anaerobe. D) facultative aerobe. E) oxygen tolerant.

C) facultative anaerobe.

The enzyme that is needed for nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria is called A) catalase. B) phycobiliproteinase. C) nitrogenase. D) nitrogen fixase. E) geosmin.

C) nitrogenase

Which of the following groups of bacteria are used by the dairy industry in the production of milk-related products and cheese? 1. Lactococcus 2. Streptococcus 3. Enterococcus 4. Propionobacterium 5. Clostridium A) 1 B) 1,2 C) 1,3,4 D) 1,4 E) 1,4,5

D) 1,4

All of the following are true of the lactic acid bacteria EXCEPT: A) They are gram-positive bacteria that produce lactic acid as the end product of fermentation. B) They include the streptococci and enterococci. C) Most can grow in the presence of oxygen. D) Like other bacteria, they possess the enzyme catalase. E) All the above are true

D) Like other bacteria, they possess the enzyme catalase.

Water polluted with large amounts of iron has very low levels of oxygen available for the growth of organisms. Which microorganisms would be most affected by iron pollution? A) Anoxygenic phototrophs B) Facultative anerobes C) Obligate anerobes D) Obligate aerobes E) Purple bacteria

D) Obligate aerobes

Which of the following bacteria are important in degrading many compounds that most other microbes are unable to break down, and is also an opportunistic pathogen that can grow in respirators and is resistant to many disinfectants? A) Thiobacillus B) Micrococcus C) Mycobacterium D) Pseudomonas E) Enterobacter

D) Pseudomonas

All of the following statements about Clostridium are true EXCEPT: A) They are Gram-positive rods. B) They produce endospores. C) They are anaerobic. D) Some species cause serious diseases such as botulism, gas gangrene, and tetanus. E) All the above are true.

E) All the above are true.

Which of the following statements about anoxygenic phototrophs is incorrect? A) The earliest photosynthesizing organisms were probably anoxygenic phototrophs. B) Their source of electrons is either hydrogen sulfide or organic compounds rather than water, so oxygen is not produced. C) They live in habitats that provide light but little or no oxygen, such as bogs and mud. D) They possess a unique pigment called bacteriochlorophyll. E) All the above are true.

E) All the above are true.

A scientist wishes to find an enzyme that can degrade carbohydrates under boiling water conditions. What kind of microorganism should she select to search out this type of enzyme? A) Anaerobic chemolithotroph B) Extreme halophile C) Methanogen D) Anoxygenic Phototroph E) Extreme thermophile

E) Extreme thermophile