Microbiology Chapter 4 Self-Quiz

Bacillus

rod-shaped

Vibrio

Curved rods

Characteristics of Gram Positive Cell wall:

Lacks outer membrane Lacks a periplasmic space Lacks lipopolysaccharides

Which of the following is NOT true about phagocytosis: A) It is a form of exocytosis B) It is energy dependent C) It only occurs in eukaryotes D) A larger cell engulfs a smaller cell that will eventually be present in an internal vacuole E) It requires fusion of internal lysosomes to engulfed vacuoles for contents to be digested.

A) It is a form of exocytosis

The association of endotoxin in Gram-Negative bacteria is a result of the presence of: A) peptidoglycan B) Lipopolysaccharide C) Polypeptide D) Steroids E) Calcified proteins

B) Lipopolysaccharides

Bacteria such as Mycoplasma that lack cell walls are: A) Sensitive to penicillin B) Resistant to penicillin C) Protected from adverse conditions by a waxy, acid-fast coating D) Obligated to live inside of other cells as endosymbionts

B) Resistant to penicillin

Bacterial fimbrae present on the outer cell surface are used for: A) cellular motility B) sexual reproduction C) Adherence to surfaces D) adherence and exchange of genetic information

C) Adherence to surfaces

Most prokaryotes range in size from 0.5-2.0um, yet have large surface to volume ratios. This large surface to volume ratio allows prokaryotes to: A) Ward off invaders B) Resist antibiotics C) Get nutrients easily to all parts of the cell D) Undergo meiosis E) B and D

C) Get nutrients easily to all parts of the cell

Polyphosphate and sulfur are stored in bacterial cells in structures called: A) Endospores B) Mesosomes C) Inclusions D) Glycocalyx E) Nucleiods

C) Inclusions

Which of the following statements about the bacterial cell wall is false? A) Gram-positive cells have more peptidoglycan in their cell walls than Gram-negative cells B) Gram-negative cells have a membrane both inside and outside their cell walls. C) Peptidoglycan consists of long polysaccharide chains cross-linked with amino acids D) The cell wall establishes a bacterium's shape as a coccus, bacillus, or spirillum E) The cell wall is relatively nonpermeable and restricts the passage of sugars and amino acids.

C) Peptidoglycan consists of long polysaccharide chains cross-linked with amino acids.

The use of antibiotics that inhibit or inactivate cellular ribosomes will result directly in the loss of what function:

Protein synthesis

Prokaryotic cell membranes

Selectively permeable Regulate passage of materials into and out of the cell Contain proteins and phospholipids Contain metabolic enzymes

Phototaxis

a response of some bacteria to move toward or away from light

Capsule

a thick protective polysaccharide containing structure located outside of the cell wall

Spirillum

corckscrew shaped

Tetrad

cube of 4 cells

Staph

grapelike clusters

Flagellum

long thin helical appendage used for movement

Chemotaxis

nonrandom response movement toward or away from chemical concentration gradients in the environment

Coccus

round spheres

Axial filaments

spirochete endoflagella causing corkscrew motion

Glycocalyx

term used to describe all polusaccharide containing substances ecternal to the cell wall

Slime layer

thin glycocalyx that prevents dehydration, traps nutrients, and allows for attachment to other cells and objects in the environment

Conjugation pilus

tiny hollow projection that attaches two cells providing a conduit for exchange of genetic material