Microbiology: Chapter 4

Eukaryotic ribosomes are made up of a small _________ subunit and large _________ subunit.

40S; 60S

Nematodes, tapeworms, and flukes are members of the kingdom _________.

Animalia

A patient presents with symptoms of severe gastrointestinal distress. Bacterial and viral pathogens are ruled out. A protozoan which moves via hair-like appendages is observed upon microscopic examination of the patient's stool. The most likely cause of the infection is...

Balantidium coli, a ciliated protozoan.

_________ is to fungal cell walls as _________ is to bacterial cell walls.

Chitin; peptidoglycan

You have isolated a new organism which has eukaryotic cells, is multicellular, grows as hyphae, does not perform photosynthesis, and has a cell wall. This organism most likely belongs to which kingdom?

Fungi

The _______ resembles a series of flat sacs called cisternae. This organelle modifies, builds, sorts, and distributes products to the cell membrane to be secreted.

Golgi Apparatus

__________ are a collection of tubular structures, either septate or aseptate, which allow for growth in most fungi.

Hyphae

_____________ is a type of sexual reproduction that occurs in eukaryotes and results in four genetically unique haploid daughter cells.

Meiosis

Where are cilia found in the human body?

Upper respiratory tract

The chromatin is...

a collection of DNA and protein.

Hyphae are...

a collection of tubular structures that result from fungal growth.

The Golgi apparatus resembles...

a series of disc-like, flattened sacs called cisternae that stack upon one another.

Which of the following types of cell division is found in prokaryotic cells? a) Binary Fission b) Meiosis c) All types— binary fission, mitosis, and meiosis— are found in prokaryotic cells. d) Mitosis

a) Binary Fission

Which statement is not true about eukaryotic ribosomes? a) Bound ribosomes are always bound while free ribosomes are always free. b) Both bound and free ribosomes consist of a 40S and a 60S subunit. c) Ribosomes found in mitochondria are 70S rather than the 80S type found in the cytoplasm. d) Bound ribosomes produce proteins that are destined for secretion from the cell. e) Bound ribosomes are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

a) Bound ribosomes are always bound while free ribosomes are always free.

You are observing an unknown, unicellular organism with a high-resolution and magnification microscope. You are noting the presence of various membrane-bound organelles. Which of the following types of cells are you likely working with? a) Fungus b) Bacterial organism c) A type of helminth d) An archaeal organism

a) Fungus

Eukaryotic cells are not found in which of the following kingdoms? a) Monera b) Animalia c) Plantae d) Fungi

a) Monera

Which type of vesicle/vacuole is incorrectly matched with its description? a) Secretory vesicle: Replenishes the lipid bilayer and deliver proteins for incorporation into the membrane b) Peroxisome: Protects the cell from hydrogen peroxide and other toxic oxygen intermediates c) Lysosome: Contains hydrolytic enzymes that break down substances engulfed by the cell d) Vacuole: Contains water and substances such as nutrients, toxins, or waste products e) Transport vesicle: Moves substances to diverse cellular destinations within the cell

a) Secretory vesicle: Replenishes the lipid bilayer and deliver proteins for incorporation into the membrane

Which of the following eukaryotic organelles plays an essential role in protein and lipid production in the cell? a) Nucleus b) Endoplasmic reticulum c) Golgi apparatus d) Mitochondria

b) Endoplasmic reticulum

Your patient has severe diarrhea and is passing mucus and blood. Stool samples that were obtained and checked under the microscope revealed cysts. His patient history also indicates that he recently traveled to southeast Asia. What is he likely infected with? a) Acanthamoeba b) Entamoeba histolytica c) Euglena d) Naegleria fowleri

b) Entamoeba histolytica

Choose the false statement about the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. a) It arises from the centrosome. b) It is an extension of the glycocalyx. c) It assists with maintaining the cell's shape. d) It protects against external mechanical stress forces.

b) It is an extension of the glycocalyx.

Which of the following vesicles contain a wide variety of hydrolytic enzymes that break down substances engulfed by the cell during phagocytosis? a) Vacuoles b) Lysosomes c) Secretory vesicles d) Peroxisomes

b) Lysosomes

Which of the following is mismatched? a) Mitochondria: site of ATP production in a cell b) Ribosomes: central to RNA production in a cell c) Cytoskeleton: maintains the cell's shape d) Nucleus: houses the cell's DNA

b) Ribosomes: central to RNA production in a cell

Which of the following is not a feature of eukaryotic flagella? a) They contain microtubules. b) They are built from flagellin proteins. c) They are membrane-enclosed. d) The flagella move in a wavelike motion.

b) They are built from flagellin proteins.

Plants _________. a) are saprobes b) are multicellular organisms that carry out photosynthesis c) may cause infectious disease d) are characterized as a group that contains both unicellular or multicellular organisms

b) are multicellular organisms that carry out photosynthesis

Which of the following fibers are found as part of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton? a) Microfilaments and microtubules only b) Intermediate filaments and microfilaments only c) Microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments d) Microtubules and intermediate filaments only

c) Microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments

Which of the following provides supporting evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts may have once been free-living prokaryotes? a) Mitochondria and chloroplasts have similar function in that they are responsible for generating most of the cell's ATP. b) Mitochondria and chloroplasts are non-membrane bound organelles. c) Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain 70S ribosomes. d) Mitochondria and chloroplasts are relatively large organelles.

c) Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain 70S ribosomes.

Which of the followng structures is found in all cells? a) Cell wall b) Nucleus c) Plasma membrane d) Cilia

c) Plasma membrane

Select the false statement about the differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. a) Most prokaryotes have a single circular chromosome, as compared to a eukaryote's larger genome spread across multiple linear chromosomes. b) Prokaryotes only include unicellular archaea and bacteria. c) Prokaryotic cells can exhibit both asexual and sexual reproduction, whereas eukaryotes only carry out asexual reproduction. d) Eukaryotes have a defined nucleus and other membrane bound organelles, while prokaryotes lack a nucleus.

c) Prokaryotic cells can exhibit both asexual and sexual reproduction, whereas eukaryotes only carry out asexual reproduction.

Which of the following vesicles is incorrectly matched with its function? a) Peroxisomes: contain enzymes that break down fats and amino acids and protect the cell from hydrogen peroxide b) Transport vesicles: move substances around the cell c) Secretory vesicles: ferry digestive enzymes to the endoplasmic reticulum d) Lysosomes: contain hydrolytic enzymes and act as garbage disposal tools for the cell

c) Secretory vesicles: ferry digestive enzymes to the endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following fungal species may cause infections in healthy individuals that have not suffered from interruption in the normal microbiotia? a) Candida species b) Pneumocystis species c) Trichophyton species d) Claviceps purpurea species

c) Trichophyton species

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes share which of the following features? a) contain a large and a small subunit b) composed of protein and rRNA c) composed of a large and a small subunit and composed of protein and rRNA d) function is making DNA e) composed of protein and rRNA, composed of a large and a small subunit, and function is making DNA

c) composed of a large and a small subunit and composed of protein and rRNA

Mitochondria do not participate in which function? a) programmed cell death b) production of ATP c) motility d) regulation of cell division e) production of amino acids and vitamins

c) motility

Animals are not typically microscopic, yet we cover them in microbiology because _________.

certain parasitic worms, or helminths, are usually spread in a microscopic form

A similarity between mitosis and meiosis is...

copying DNA before the cell divides.

Which of the following type of fungal spores arise from mitosis and do not result in genetic variation? a) Zygospores b) Basidiospores c) Ascospores d) Conidiospores

d) Conidiospores

Which of the following is characterized as a Mastigophora, or "flagellated protozoan"? a) Plasmodium species b) Balantidium coli c) Entamoeba histolytica d) Giardia intestinalis

d) Giardia intestinalis

Which of the following cell structures are only found in eukaryotic cells? a) Ribosomes b) Plasma membrane c) Flagella d) Nucleus

d) Nucleus

Which grouping of parasitic helminths includes hookworms? a) Cestodes b) Flukes c) Flatworms d) Roundworms

d) Roundworms

Choose the false statement about the cell's nucleus. a) Unless the cell is dividing, the DNA of the nucleus is loosely organized as chromatin. b) The nucleus has a membrane that gives rise to the endoplasmic reticulum. c) The nucleus is typically visible with a light microscope. d) The nucleus contains a region called the nucleolus, where DNA is copied.

d) The nucleus contains a region called the nucleolus, where DNA is copied.

Which does not describe eukaryotic flagella? a) whip-like motion b) anchored by a basal body connected to a centriole c) plasma membrane-enclosed d) flagellin protein e) 9+2 arrangement of microtubules

d) flagellin protein

The sticky outer layer that can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is known as the _________.

glycocalyx

Protozoans are mainly grouped by their __________.

means of motility

The endosymbiotic theory states that nonphotosynthetic prokaryotes merged with an ancestral cell and, over evolutionary time, became___________. Some of these new cells engaged in a second merging event with a photosynthetic prokaryote, possibly a cyanobacterium. The photosynthetic prokaryote eventually—over evolutionary time—became __________.

mitochondria; chloroplasts

Fungal infections are called...

mycoses.

Whole cells or viruses are engulfed and imported into a eukaryotic cell via _________.

phagocytosis

You have isolated a new eukaryotic organism which is unicellular and performs photosynthesis. The organism is most likely classified as a(n)...

plant-like protista.

The rough ER and the smooth ER are distinguished from each other by...

the presence or absence of membrane-bound ribosomes.

The primary function of the nucleus is...

to house the cell's DNA.