Microbiology chp 1 Humans and the Microbial World

All of the following statements about smallpox are true except one. Which?

Smallpox is caused by bacteria Reason: It is a viral disease

Choose which of the following results Pasteur might have obtained if the broth in his swan-necked flask experiment had contained endospores.

The broth would seem sterile after boiling but would soon develop bacterial growth.

Why were Louis Pasteur's experiments with swan-necked flasks so important in helping disprove the theory of spontaneous generation?

They ended arguments that a "vital force" was necessary for spontaneous generation, while preventing contamination from microbes in the air.

Which of the following could survive if there were no prokaryotes on the planet? Your microbiology instructor Your neighbor and her cat An apple tree Mushrooms

none of the answer choices is correct

A(n) _______ is the term used for any disease-causing microorganism.

pathogen

In addition to chlorophyll, some algae have other _________, which give them their characteristic colors.

pigments

_________ are a large group of photosynthetic eukaryotes that includes the multicellular seaweeds and many single-celled forms.

Algae

Select the TRUE statement(s) regarding eukaryotes.

Eukaryotes have a more complex internal structure than archaea or bacteria AND have a membrane around the DNA.

_______ killed more people in 1918-1919 than died in World Wars I and II and the Korean, Vietnam, and Iraq wars combined.

Influenza

_______ showed that flasks containing various broths gave rise to microorganisms even when the flasks were boiled and sealed with a cork.

John Needham

Which defines spontaneous generation?

Life arose from non-living matter

_______ is credited with disproving spontaneous generation using broth in swan-neck flasks.

Louis Pasteur

Microorganisms are useful in the study of higher life forms for which of the following reasons?

Microorganisms are cheaper to study. Microorganisms multiply quickly. Microorganisms have the same basic metabolic mechanisms. Microorganisms have the same fundamental genetic properties.

Why do microorganisms serve as important models for study of higher organisms?

Microorganisms have the same fundamental metabolic and genetic properties as other organisms.

Which of the following statements about the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 is true?

More Americans died of influenza in 1918-1919 than were killed in World Wars I and II, and the Korean, Vietnam, and Iraq wars combined.

Which of these scientists were involved in investigating the idea of spontaneous generation?

Redi and Pasteur

Select the FALSE statement regarding bacteria.

They are never photosynthetic.

Benefits of normal microbiota include all EXCEPT which of the following?

They damage host tissue, allowing our immune system to rid the body of microbes

Which of the following about microorganisms is true?

We could not survive without them.

Decide which of the following is the CORRECT definition of "hypothesis".

a testable explanation of an observation

Which of the following are eukaryotes?

algae protozoa fungi helminths

Which group(s) below contain single-celled and multicellular organisms?

algae AND fungi

Bacteria are present on the body

at all times

The cell types that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and have rigid cell walls of peptidoglycan are

bacteria

Plague is a _______.

bacterial disease that can be transmitted by fleas

Which of the following involves genetically modifying bacteria to produce compounds useful to humans?

biotechnology

Peptidoglycan is found in the ______.

cell walls of bacteria

In algae, photosynthesis takes place in ______, which have chlorophyll, a green pigment.

chloroplasts

Technically speaking, viruses are not microorganisms because they are not ______.

composed of cells

In what ways are archaea similar to bacteria?

energy sources used prokaryotic cell structure method of multiplication shapes and sizes

The work of John Tyndall and Ferdinand Cohn ______.

explained why some spontaneous generation investigators got different results from those of Pasteur

The work of Tyndall and Cohn

explained why some spontaneous generation investigators got different results from those of Pasteur.

For the name Streptococcus pyogenes, the first part (Streptococcus) indicates the ________ and gives information about the shape of the organism.

genus

What does the scientific name of an organism include?

genus and species

A testable explanation for an observation is called a(n)

hypothesis

Organisms that populate the human body and which protect it from disease are termed normal

microbiota

Compared to the range of types of plants and animals, microbes as a group are ______.

more diverse

In general, disease-causing organisms are referred to as which of the following?

pathogens

Most bacteria have rigid cell walls that contain a unique compound called

peptidoglycan

If an infectious agent is composed only of amino acids, to which group does it belong?

prions

Today, the bacteria added to some fermented milk products are advertised as _______.

probiotics

Archaea, like bacteria, are single-celled ________ that divide via the process of ________ ________.

prokaryotes; binary fission

Algae and protozoa are also referred to as ________, a diverse group that falls within the domain Eukarya.

protists

Which if the following IS a group of living organisms but IS NOT a biological domain?

protozoa

Without microorganisms, substances required for human life such as O2 and organic nitrogen would ______.

run out

What is the only shared feature of all microbes?

small size

Although laboratory stocks of the causative agent still exist, humans have eliminated which of the following diseases?

smallpox

The concept of living things arising from vital forces in non-living or decomposing materials was known as which of the following?

spontaneous generation

In 1749, John Needham produced results that _______ spontaneous generation when he showed that broths that had been boiled and then sealed with a cork _______.

support; could still give rise to microorganisms

All of the statements regarding archaea are true EXCEPT

they contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

True or false: We could not survive without microorganisms, but they can also be harmful.

true

Choose which of the following pairs of organisms are most closely related AND have correctly written names.

(italicized) Staphylococcus aureus AND Staphylococcus epidermidis

Microorganisms are involved in all of the following EXCEPT production of medicinal products food production pollution cleanup converting nitrogen to a form useful to plants

There are no exceptions here. There are microorganisms that participate in each of these activities.

Tyndall and Cohn's experiments in the 1870s showed the presence of a heat-resistant form of bacteria called a(n)

endospore

Which of the following can be characteristics of algae?

multicellular eukaryotic unicellular photosynthetic

Bacteria have been used to help produce or modify all of the following food products EXCEPT cheeses beer and wine pickled products bread peanuts

peanuts

True or false: Without microorganisms, we would run out of certain nutrients.

true

You discover an agent that multiplies in plant cells and is composed of RNA but nothing else. This agent would be a ______.

viroid

Which of the following are classified as acellular infectious agents?

viroids prions viruses

The microbial world includes three main agents that cannot reproduce independently and are thus considered non-living. These are the _______, _______, and _______.

viruses viroids prions

Which of the following is found only in bacteria?

peptidoglycan

Which of the following diseases killed one-third of the population of Europe in a four-year span (1347-1351)?

plague

Unlike the term microorganism, the word microbe also includes ______.

viruses Reason: these are not microorganisms

Identify which of the following is the correct way of writing a scientific name.

(italicized) Staphylococcus aureus

Which of the following are microscopic fungi?

yeasts molds

Fungi are a diverse group of eukaryotes. Those that are studied by microbiologists include the unicellular ________ and the multicellular filamentous _________.

yeasts; molds

Which of the following are manufactured by microbial fermentation?

yogurt beer cheese

Rank the steps in the scientific process in order. Start with the earliest at the top.

1) Make an observation about something and ask a question about the situation 2) Develop an explanation and then devise an experiment to test this explanation 3) Collect data from this experiment and draw a conclusion 4) Communicate the methods, results, and conclusions

The principle that microorganisms cause certain diseases is called the _________ Theory of Disease.

germ