Middle Adulthood
What causes hot flashes?
a decline in estrogen production
Middle adulthood has been defined as the age period between the
forties to mid-sixties.
The time when women's menstrual periods completely cease is known as
menopause
is the time for women in middle age, usually during their late forties or early fifties when their menstrual periods stop.
menopause
The developmental period that begins at approximately 40 to 45 years of age and extends to about 60 to 65 years of age is referred to as ___ adulthood
middle
The term climacteric refers to the
midlife transition in which fertility declines
Which of the following statements is reflective of current trends in family living arrangements for parents in middle age?
Because of uncertain economic times, the refilling of the empty nest is becoming a common occurrence.
The majority of single-grandmothers raising their grandchildren are
African American.
For many people, middle adulthood a time of which of the following?
passing on something meaningful to the next generation declining physical skills becoming more aware of the young-old polarity
Women are more likely than men to react to stress with a tend-and-befriend approach, which can involve
seeking social alliances.
Who among the following is associated with The Seasons of a Man's Life?
Levinson
True or false: Whether it involves being a homemaker, volunteering, working a part-time job, or having a full-time career, work has a central role in middle adulthood.
True
Researchers have found that personality traits ______ in late adulthood.
continue to change
Processing speed begins to decline in Blank______ adulthood.
early
Hobbies, sports, and reading are all examples of
leisure
refers to the pleasant times after daily work hours when individuals are free to pursue activities and interests of their own choosing.
leisure
In middle adulthood, affectionate or companionate love increases. This form of love includes which of the following qualities?
loyalty security mutual emotional interest
Which of the following refers to a condition in which the body does not produce enough testosterone?
male hypogonadism
Compared to grandfathers, grandmothers have ______ contact with grandchildren.
more
The main way in which grandparenting has changed in recent decades is
more grandparents are raising their grandchildren.
Events such as the death of a parent, becoming a grandparent, and having one's last child leave the home are
more likely to occur in late midlife than in earlier midlife.
Parents and their adult children are ______ similar in areas of politics and religion and ______ similar in gender roles and work orientation.
more; less
Middle-aged men experience a decline in the production of the hormone ______ at a rate of 1 percent per year during middle adulthood.
testosterone
Menopause typically occurs between the ages of
39-59
By middle age, more than ______ percent of middle aged adults provide care for parents or parents-in-law.
40
Approximately ______ percent of men 40 to 70 years old suffer from erectile dysfunction.
50
As many as _____ percent of 50-years-olds experience a loss in hearing.
50
Late midlife is defined as the age period between
55-65 years
Roughly, what percentage of adults responded that adults have a duty to care for their aging parents?
80
In a cross-cultural comparison, as compared to Chinese grandparents, U.S. grandparents were characterized by which of the following?
Caring for children helps parents remain in the workforce. They often play a particularly important role after family crises.
_____ disorders have a slow onset and a long duration.
Chronic
Which of the following statements are TRUE regarding the mortality rates of people in middle adulthood?
Chronic diseases are the main cause of death for individuals in middle adulthood. Infectious disease was the main cause of death until the middle of the twentieth century. In middle age, many deaths are caused by a single, readily identifiable condition.
The view that adults experience a midlife crisis was espoused by
Daniel Levinson.
______ intelligence is a person's ability to reason abstractly, and it typically begins to decline in middle adulthood.
Fluid
Which of the following statements regarding friendships in middle adulthood is true?
Friendships that begin in childhood and remain into middle adulthood are deeper than those formed in middle adulthood.
Which statement regarding perimenopause is FALSE?
It is most common in the 30s but can occur in the 20s.
Which statement is FALSE regarding work in midlife?
It is not a central part of midlife.
Generally, what has been concluded about menopause?
It is not the negative experience for most women it was previously considered to be.
Which of the following statements regarding changes in midlife are true?
Medical discoveries have helped reduce the aging process for middle-aged adults today. Middle age is lasting longer than in years past. Many 50-year-olds are in better shape today than 40-year-olds a generation or two ago.
Who is most likely to see frequently and have a satisfying relationship with their grandchildren and provide support for their grandchildren and the grandchildren's parents?
Mexican American grandparents
______ is an organized set of beliefs, practices, rituals, and symbols that increases an individual's connection to a sacred or transcendent other (God, higher power, or ultimate truth).
Religion
______ involves experiencing something beyond oneself in a transcendent manner and living in a way that benefits others in society.
Spirituality
Which of the following statements regarding menopause is FALSE?
The age of onset for menopause has decreased significantly in the 20th century.
Which of the following is true of the sense of personal control in middle age?
The sense of personal control is frequently challenged by increased responsibility and the aging process.
Which of the following is NOT a belief attributed to the contemporary life-events approach?
The stress of life events alone influences a person's development.
Which of the following is true of adult stage theories?
They have contributed to the view that midlife brings a crisis in development.
True or false: According to Levinson, adulthood has three main stages surrounded by transition periods.
True
True or false: Religious attendance and commitment have been positively associated with health outcomes in middle adulthood.
True
Which of the following is NOT a typical sign of aging in middle adulthood?
Weight loss
Which of the following describe the effects of aging on an individual's height?
Women can lose as much as 2 inches in adulthood. A decrease in height in adulthood is usually associated with bone loss.
Studies report that there is _________ association between religious participation and longevity.
a positive
Which of the following descriptions fits middle adulthood?
a time to balance work and relationships amidst physical and psychological changes associated with aging
Which of the following refers to the ability of the eye to maintain an image on the retina?
accommodation
In most cases, researchers have found that relationships between aging parents and their children are characterized by
ambivalence
According to Levinson, which of the following is NOT a major conflict that an adult male must come to terms with during the transition to middle adulthood?
being ambitious versus being satisfied with life as it stands
According to Erikson, which of the following are ways in which middle-aged adults can develop generativity?
biological generativity work generativity cultural generativity
Select the leading causes of death in middle adulthood.
cancer and cardiovascular disease
Research indicates that personality ______ throughout adulthood, but there is greater ______ in personality during middle adulthood.
changes; stability
The term ______ is used to describe the midlife transition in which fertility declines.
climacteric
Many middle-aged adults experience decreases in the visual fields, creating a problem seeing objects that are
close
Research on possible causes for the declining speed of processing information in adults involves which of the following levels of analysis?
cognitive neurochemical neuroanatomical
When adult children return to live with their parents, they identify which of the following as issues in the home?
cramping their sex life reduced music listening restricted independence
An accumulation of information and verbal skills that increases throughout life is called ______ intelligence.
crystallized
Many of the symptoms of menopause are caused by
decreased estrogen production
Friendships that begin in childhood and remain into adulthood are often _________ than those that begin in middle adulthood.
deeper
Which of the following are the two major tasks to be mastered in early adulthood according to Levinson?
developing a stable life structure exploring the possibilities for adult living
Being overweight or obese in middle adulthood is associated with increased risk of which of the following?
diabetes high blood pressure premature death
Parents who live vicariously through their children and who report a decline in marital satisfaction when their children leave the home are experiencing
empty nest syndrome.
Middle-aged partners are more likely to view their marriage as positive if they
engage in mutual activities.
The inability to adequately achieve and maintain an erection is known as
erectile dysfunction
On average, middle-aged adults tend to
gain weight.
Forty-year-old Maritska wishes to establish a pediatric AIDS foundation overseas. According to Erikson, she is focused on establishing a sense of
generativity.
Parenting, teaching, and involvement in the community are examples of how middle-aged adults can develop
generativity.
According to Margie Lachman and her colleagues, as compared to young adults, those in middle age
give more attention to responsibility for others.
Because of _____, the workforce today is sometimes outsourced to other countries with a significantly less expensive labor force.
globalization
Physical changes in middle adulthood are usually:
gradual.
In midlife, sensitivity to ______ pitches usually declines first.
high
Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) has been found to do which of the following according to research?
improve bone health improve muscle strength
Research has recently identified that testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) has been found to do which of the following?
improve muscle strength improve sexual functioning improve bone health
Which of the following factors has most changed the role of grandparenting today?
increased longevity
Marital satisfaction typically ______ after adult children leave home.
increases
At menopause, a woman's blood pressure
increases sharply
Which of the following side effects may be produced by menopause?
nausea fatigue hot flashes
Which of the following are needs that are linked to the meaning of life?
need for self-worth need for a sense of efficacy need for values
What are some of the contributors to erectile dysfunction?
obesity lack of exercise hypertension
Companies' emphasis on profits has resulted in
offers of early retirement to middle-aged adults
The transitional period from normal menstrual periods to no menstrual periods at all is known as
perimenopause.
The most visible signs of aging in middle adulthood involve
physical changes
Which of the following factors can help buffer declines in physical health and cognitive functioning in middle age?
physical exercise and sleep social support a sense of control emotion regulation
When the sandwich or middle generation alternates attention between the demands of grown children and aging parents, they are now being called the ______ generation.
pivot
Which of the following have been used to describe middle-aged adults who are helping both adolescent or young adults and aging parents?
sandwich generationoverload generation squeezed generation
Chronic disorders have a _____ onset and a _____ duration.
slow; long
Women are more likely than men to react to stress with a ______ approach, which focuses on seeking out social support.
tend-or-befriend
Olivia is a 19-year-old college student who hopes to be a physician assistant in a large medical facility. She plans to be married and have two children by the time she turns 30. Levinson would call this
the dream
The contemporary life-events approach takes into account all of the following, EXCEPT
the stability of one's personality over time.
Which of the following defines the social clock?
the timetable according to which individuals are expected to accomplish life's tasks
For individuals who are 30 percent overweight, the probability of dying in middle adulthood increases by about 40 percent.
true
According to a longitudinal study of married couples, which of the following would be most likely to increase with age?
validation
When adult children return to their parental home, parents indicate which of the following as a problem?
worrying when adult children are late coming home home is too noisy conflicting schedules with meals
The number one cause of death in middle age is
cancer