Midterm 2
38) Suppose that the number of jobs in the fishing industry decreases but the number of jobs in the travel industry increases. Initially, _________________ .A) the economy remains at full employmentB) structural unemployment increasesC) there is a shortage of workers in both sectorsD) cyclical unemployment increases
B) structural unemployment increases
33) Suppose that over a period of years the country of Quasiland switched from being an agriculturally-based economy to a technologically-based economy. As a result, many people lost jobs because they lacked the correct skills. As they search for new jobs, these people are part ofA) frictional unemployment.B) structural unemployment.C) cyclical unemployment.D) discouraged workers.
B) structural unemployment.
39) When the automobile replaced horse-drawn carriages as the principal means of transportation, firms producing horse-drawn carriages went bankrupt and permanently laid off all their workers, thereby increasingA) frictional unemployment.B) structural unemployment.C) frictional and cyclical unemployment.D) cyclical unemployment.
B) structural unemployment.
15) Frictional unemployment increases whenA) real GDP decreases and the unemployment rate rises.B) the number of workers who quit one job to find another increases.C) discouraged workers drop out of the work force.D) workers are replaced by machines and the unemployed workers do not have the skills to perform new jobs.
B) the number of workers who quit one job to find another increases.
78) Full employment means thatA) no one is unemployed.B) there is no cyclical unemployment.C) there is no cyclical or frictional unemployment.D) there is no structural or frictional unemployment.
B) there is no cyclical unemployment.
9) The labor force is defined asA) people with full time jobs.B) workers with jobs and unemployed workers.C) all people capable of work.D) All of the above answers are correct.
B) workers with jobs and unemployed workers.
112) Including marginally attached workers in the calculation of the unemployment rate wouldA) increase the reported rate.B) lower the reported rate.C) not change the reported rate.D) change the reported rate, but in an unpredictable manner.
A) increase the reported rate.
19) Full-time students and prisoners are ________.A) not in the labor forceB) in the labor forceC) counted as discouraged workersD) counted as unemployed A
A) not in the labor force
1) The working-age population is defined as the number ofA) people over the age of 16 who are not in jail, hospital, or other institution.B) people who have a job.C) people working full-time jobs who are over the age of 16.D) people looking for work. A
A) people over the age of 16 who are not in jail, hospital, or other institution.
86) If the labor force participation rate is rising and the working-age population is not changing, then theA) size of the labor force is rising.B) number of unemployed people is rising and the size of the labor force is falling.C) size of the labor force is falling.D) number of unemployed people is falling and the size of the labor force is rising.
A) size of the labor force is rising.
31) Structural unemployment is the result ofA) technological change or foreign competition.B) normal labor market turnover.C) a slowdown in the rate of economic expansion.D) irresponsible workers with poor work habits.
A) technological change or foreign competition.
43) Which labor market statistic tends rise during recessions and fall during expansions?A) the unemployment rateB) the labor-force participation rateC) the employment-to-population ratioD) aggregate hours
A) the unemployment rate
6) Frictional unemployment includesA) unemployment caused by normal labor turnover associated with people leaving and entering the labor force.B) unemployment caused by industries moving overseas to better meet foreign competition.C) unemployment caused by a lack of education so that workers do not possess necessary job skills.D) unemployment caused by automation of the work place that displaces unskilled workers.
A) unemployment caused by normal labor turnover associated with people leaving and entering the labor force.
38) The ________ is calculated as the number of people ________ divided by the labor force multiplied by 100.A) unemployment rate; unemployedB) employment-to-population ratio; unemployedC) employment rate; employedD) employment-to-population ratio; in the working age population
A) unemployment rate; unemployed
77) From 1980 to 2000 the trend in the employment-to-population ratio was ________ and from 2000 to 2010 the trend was ________.A) upward; downwardB) downward; downwardC) upward; upwardD) downward; upward
A) upward; downward
82) From 1980 to 2000 the trend in the labor force participation rate was ________ and from 2000 to 2010 the trend was ________. A) upward; downwardB) downward; downwardC) upward; upwardD) downward; upward
A) upward; downward
87) Suppose the labor force in Tiny Town is 100 people. If the ________ in Tiny Town is 150 people, the labor force participation rate equals ________ multiplied by 100.A) working age population; 100/150B) working age population; 100/250C) number of employed persons; 100/250D) number of employed persons; 100/150
A) working age population; 100/150
52) Suppose there are 100 million in the labor force, and 6 million unemployed people. During the next month, 200,000 people lose their jobs and 300,000 find jobs. The new total of employed persons is ________ and the new unemployment rate is ________.A) 100.1 million; 5.8 percent B) 100 million; 6.1 percentC) 94.1 million; 5.9 percentD) 93.9 million; 6.1 percent
C) 94.1 million
41) To calculate the unemployment rate, which of the following are necessary pieces of information?I. the number of unemployed persons II. the populationIII. the number of people in the labor forceIV. the working age populationA) I, II III and IVB) I and IIC) I and IIID) I and IV
C) I and III
26) Which of the following best fits the definition of unemployed?A) retired and not workingB) working less than a full work weekC) not working but looking for a jobD) not working and not looking for work
C) not working but looking for a job
The labor force is the sum of theA) working-age population and the number of unemployed people.B) number of employed people and the working-age population.C) number of employed people and the number of unemployed people.D) total population and the number of unemployed people.
C) number of employed people and the number of unemployed people.
16) To prevent frictional unemployment, we would have toA) eliminate recessions.B) eliminate the business cycle.C) prevent people from leaving their jobs.D) make sure everyone goes to college.
C) prevent people from leaving their jobs.
13) The ________ is the total number of people aged 16 years and older (and not in jail, hospital or institutional care) while the ________ is the number of people employed and the unemployed.A) labor force; working-age populationB) labor force participation rate; labor forceC) working-age population; labor forceD) working-age population; labor force participation rate
C) working-age population; labor force
67) The employment-to-population ratio equalsA) (labor force)/(working-age population) × 100.B) (number of people employed)/(labor force) × 100.C) (number of people with full-time jobs)/(labor force) × 100.D) (number of people employed)/(working-age population) × 100.
D) (number of people employed)/(working-age population) × 100.
88) Suppose there are currently 100 people unemployed, 1500 people employed, and 2000 people in the working age population. The labor force participation rate equals 100 times A) 100/1500. B) 100/1600.C) 1500/2000. D) 1600/2000.
D) 1600/2000.
76) Based on the following data for the country of Tiny Town, the employment-to-population ratio equals ________ multiplied by 100. Population = 200Working age population = 100Labor Force = 90Number of employed persons = 75 A) 90/100.B) 75/200C) 90/200.D) 75/100
D) 75/100
85) In an economy, 40 million people are employed, 2 million are unemployed, and 8 million are not in the labor force. What is the labor force participation rate?A) 83 percentB) 84 percent C) 80 percentD) 87.5 percent
D) 87.5 percent
2) The three types of unemployment areA) voluntary, involuntary, and structural.B) voluntary, part-time, and cyclical.C) frictional, part-time, and involuntary.D) frictional, structural, and cyclical.
D) frictional, structural, and cyclical.
109) A discouraged worker___ counted as officially unemployed and _____counted as in the labor force.A) is; isB) is; is notC) is not; isD) is not; is not
D) is not; is not
113) When an individual who has not been working but has been looking for work decides to terminate the search process, the official unemployment rateA) will fall.B) will rise.C) will remain unchanged.D) may fall or rise depending on whether or not the individual resumes his education.
D) may fall or rise depending on whether or not the individual resumes his education.
114) Marginally attached workers fall into which of the following population categories?A) employedB) unemployedC) labor forceD) not in the labor force
D) not in the labor force
111) During a recession, the .A) number of discouraged workers decreasesB) unemployment rate decreasesC) employment-to-population ratio increasesD) number of marginally attached workers increases
D) number of marginally attached workers increases
5) Which of the following is NOT included in the working-age population?A) discouraged workersB) people waiting to be called back to a job after being laid offC) retirees under the age of 55D) people in prison D
D) people in prison
2) The working-age population can be divided into two groups,A) people in the labor force and people looking for work.B) people in the labor force and people with a job.C) people looking for work and those in the armed forces.D) people in the labor force and people who are not in the labor force.
D) people in the labor force and people who are not in the labor force.
34) An individual is structurally unemployed ifA) there is a recession and the individual is laid off.B) the individual wants to work just during certain months of the year.C) the individual quits a job in order to search for a better one.D) the individual lacks marketable job skills because technology has changed.
D) the individual lacks marketable job skills because technology has changed.
84) If the people who take early retirement are not counted in the working-age population, then A) the unemployment rate would be lower.B) the labor force participation rate would be less.C) the unemployment rate would be higher.D) the labor force participation rate would be higher.
D) the labor force participation rate would be higher.
41) A major characteristic of structural unemployment that differentiates it from frictional unemployment is that structural unemploymentA) exists only during a recession.B) exists in an expansion whereas there is no frictional unemployment in an expansion.C) is a short-term problem.D) usually lasts longer than frictional unemployment. D
D) usually lasts longer than frictional unemployment.
Total population(millions) Currently employed(millions) Not working and looking for work (millions) Want to work but no longer looking for work(millions)80 40 2 478) The labor force participation rate is the ratio ofA) (the labor force divided by the working-age population) multiplied by 100.B) (the number of unemployed divided by the working-age population) multiplied by 100.C) (the labor force divided by the total population) multiplied by 100.D) (the number of unemployed divided by the labor force) multiplied by 100.
A) (the labor force divided by the working-age population) multiplied by 100.
53) Suppose the working-age population is 220 million, the labor force is 150 million, and the unemployment rate is 10 percent. The number of unemployed people is A) 15 million.B) 22 million. C) 37 million.D) 7 million.
A) 15 million
91) If the population is 300 million, with 70 million under the age of 16 and institutionalized, another 70 million not in the labor force, 10 million unemployed and 150 million employed, the labor force participation rate is A) 69.6 percent.B) 23.3 percent. C) 6.67 percent.D) 50 percent.
A) 69.6 percent
89) If the number of people unemployed is 100, the number of people employed is 1000, and the working-age population is 1400, then the labor force participation rate is A) 78.6 percent.B) 71.4 percent. C) 64.3 percent.D) 66.6 percent.
A) 78.6 percent
25) Which of the following people would be counted as is employed in the Current Population Survey?A) Rich, who is working 20 hours a week but wants a full-time jobB) Misty, who just quit her job to return full-time to schoolC) April, who just graduated from college and is looking for workD) Jason, who was laid off from work less than 6 months ago but who has stopped looking for work A
A) Rich, who is working 20 hours a week but wants a full-time job
49) Which of the following decreases the official U-3 unemployment rate? A) Workers leave the labor force.B) More women enter the labor force and seek jobs.C) Young people graduate from college and start to look for their first full-time job.D) None of the above because they all increase or do not change the unemployment rate.
A) Workers leave the labor force.
53) Which type of unemployment increases during a recession?A) cyclical unemploymentB) frictional unemploymentC) structural unemploymentD) the natural unemployment rate
A) cyclical unemployment
23) The official U-3 unemployment rateA) includes persons without a job who have made efforts in the last week to find a job.B) includes persons without a job, whether they are actively searching for work or not.C) counts discouraged workers as unemployed.D) counts people with part-time jobs who want full-time jobs as unemployed.
A) includes persons without a job who have made efforts in the last week to find a job
46) Based on the following data for the country of Tiny Town, the unemployment rate equals: Population = 100Labor force = 80Number of employed persons = 70Number of discouraged workers = 5 A) 10/100 × 100.B) 10/80 × 100. C) 15/80 × 100.D) 5/70 × 100.
B) 10/80 × 100.
57) Suppose there are currently 100 people unemployed, 1500 people employed, 1600 people in the labor force, and 2000 people in the working age population. The unemployment rate equals 100 times A) 100/1500. B) 100/1600. C) 100/2000.D) 1500/2000.
B) 100/1600.
56) Suppose the population is 220 million people, the labor force is 150 million people, the number of people employed is 130 million and the working-age population is 175 million people. What is the unemployment rate?A) 9.0 percent B) 13.3 percent C) 11.4 percentD) 15.4 percent
B) 13.3 percent
51) In the United States in 1996, the population was 265.5 million and the working age population was 200.6 million. There were 133.9 million people in the labor force and 126.7 of them were employed. The unemployment rate equaled ________.A) 7.2 percentB) 5.4 percent C) 3.6 percentD) 33 percent
B) 5.4 percent
75) If the population is 300 million, with 70 million under the age of 16 and institutionalized, another 70 million not in the labor force, 10 million unemployed, and 150 million employed, the employment-to-population rate is A) 53.3 percent.B) 65.2 percent. C) 46.7 percent.D) 87.5 percent.
B) 65.2 percent.
72) In an economy, 43 million people are employed, 3 million are unemployed, and 4 million are not in the labor force. What is the employment-to-population ratio?A) 86 percentB) 92 percent C) 93 percentD) 6.5 percent
B) 92 percent
28) Which of the following people would be considered unemployed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics?I. Mrs. X retires from her job at the age of 55 and does not look for another job.II. Mr. Y was laid off from his job as a welder, but expects to be rehired in 8 months.A) I onlyB) II onlyC) both I and IID) neither I nor II
B) II only
10) Frictional unemployment comes about because ofA) friction between labor and management.B) a mismatch between skills and available jobs.C) normal labor market turnover.D) a general economic slowdown.
C) normal labor market turnover.
4) Which of the following statements is incorrect?A) The labor force is equal to the number of people employed plus the number of people unemployed.B) The working age population includes everyone over the age of 16.C) The unemployment rate is the number of persons who are unemployed divided by the labor force then times 100.D) The labor-force participation rate is the labor force divided by the working-age population then times 100.
B) The working age population includes everyone over the age of 16.
24) The official U-3 unemployment rate includes the total number of people whoA) have jobs or are currently looking for jobs.B) are available and looking for work but unable to find employment.C) would like to have a job but have stopped seeking work.D) would like to have a full-time job but are working part-time. B
B) are available and looking for work but unable to find employment.
13) Suppose the country of Tiny Town experienced frictional unemployment. This frictional unemployment wouldA) definitely signal that the country is in a recession.B) be considered a natural occurrence in a growing economy.C) signal that there are more job leavers than job losers.D) signal that the number of discouraged workers is growing.
B) be considered a natural occurrence in a growing economy.
76) Full employment occurs whenA) structural unemployment is zero.B) cyclical unemployment is zero.C) frictional unemployment is zero.D) cyclical and frictional unemployment are zero
B) cyclical unemployment is zero.
50) During a recession, people drop out of the labor force because they are unable to find a job. All else the same, thisA) increases the official U-3 unemployment rate.B) decreases the official U-3 unemployment rate.C) does not change the official U-3 unemployment rate.D) increases the official U-3 unemployment rate and the labor force participation rate. B
B) decreases the official U-3 unemployment rate.
24) Which of the following most likely would decrease frictional unemployment?A) an increase in the number of high school and college graduatesB) effective Internet-based employment services and job registriesC) an expansion of unemployment compensation benefitsD) All of the above would decrease frictional unemployment.
B) effective Internet-based employment services and job registries
6) All people in the working-age population can be divided into A) labor force participants.B) employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.C) either over-employed or under-employed.D) potential employees. B
B) employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
70) The percentage of people employed aged 16 years and older divided by the working-age population is known as the A) employment rate.B) employment-to-population ratio.C) labor force participation rate.D) working-age population ratio.
B) employment-to-population ratio.
65) During an economic expansion, real GDP___ and unemployment ________A) increases; increasesB) increases; decreasesC) decreases; increasesD) decreases; decreases
B) increases; decreases
3) The total number of people aged 16 years and over who are not institutionalized ________.A) equals the number of employed plus unemployedB) is the working-age populationC) does not include studentsD) is the labor force
B) is the working-age population
10) The ________ equals the number of ________.A) labor force; persons over 16 years oldB) labor force; unemployed and employed personsC) working age population; employed personsD) unemployment rate; people unemployed
B) labor force; unemployed and employed persons
31) The unemployment rate is the ________ who are unemployed.A) number of people in the labor forceB) percentage of people in the labor forceC) percentage of people in the countryD) percentage of the working-age population
B) percentage of people in the labor force
48) Assume that the total labor force is 100 individuals with 10 unemployed. The unemployment rate is ________. Now assume that 10 people drop out of the labor force and that 10 remain unemployed. The new unemployment rate is ________.A) 9 percent, 10 percentB) 10 percent, 9 percentC) 10 percent, 11 percentD) 11 percent, 10 percent
C) 10 percent, 11 percent
59) Suppose the current unemployment rate is 5 percent, the labor force is 400 million people, the labor force participation rate is 80 percent and the working-age population is 500 million people. What number of people are unemployed?A) 100 million people B) 25 million people C) 20 million peopleD) 5 million people
C) 20 million people
21) In an economy, 42 million people are in the labor force, 38 million are employed, and 47 million are of working age. How many people are not in the labor force?A) 19 percentB) 9 millionC) 5 millionD) 4 million
C) 5 million
45) The population of Tiny Town is 100 people and the labor force is made up of 75 people. If 5 of these people are unemployed, the unemployment rate is A) 5/100 × 100.B) 5/80 × 100. C) 5/75 × 100.D) There is not enough information provided to calculate the unemployment rate.
C) 5/75 × 100.
58) If the population is 300 million, with 70 million under the age of 16 and institutionalized, another 70 million not in the labor force, 10 million unemployed and 150 million employed, the unemployment rate is A) 23.3 percent.B) 6.7 percent.C) 6.25 percent.D) 26.7 percent.
C) 6.25 percent
74) If the number of people unemployed is 100, the number of people employed is 1000, and the working-age population is 1400, then the employment-to-population ratio is A) 78.6 percent.B) 75 percent.C) 71.4 percent.D) 66.6 percent.
C) 71.4 percent.
47) In an economy, 23 million people are employed and 2 million are unemployed, but 5 million part-time workers would prefer full-time work. What is the unemployment rate?A) 23.2 percent B) 6.7 percentC) 8 percentD) 25 percent
C) 8 percent
90) Suppose the population is 220 million people, the labor force is 150 million people, the number of people employed is 130 million and the working-age population is 175 million people. What is the labor force participation rate?A) 0.68 percent B) 68 percentC) 85.7 percentD) 86.7 percent
C) 85.7 percent
55) If the number of people unemployed is 100, the number of people employed is 1000, and the working-age population is 1400, then the unemployment rate is A) 6.6 percent.B) 10 percent.C) 9.1 percent.D) 7.1 percent.
C) 9.1 percent.
54) Suppose initially that the working-age population is 220 million, the labor force is 150 million, and the official U-3 unemployment rate is 10 percent. 5 million new jobs are created and filled by 5 million people who had previously been discouraged workers. What is the new U-3 unemployment rate?A) 6.25 percent B) 6.7 percent C) 9.7 percentD) 8.7 percent
C) 9.7 percent
35) Which statement correctly describes ʺstructural unemployment?ʺA) Structural unemployment occurs mainly during recessions.B) Structural unemployment is also called ʺfrictional unemployment.ʺC) Structural unemployment occurs even when the economy is at the natural unemployment rate.D) The amount of structural unemployment depends on normal labor turnover. C
C) Structural unemployment occurs even when the economy is at the natural
32) The unemployment rate is calculated asA) [(labor force) ÷ (population)] × 100.B) [(unemployment) ÷ (population)] × 100.C) [(unemployment) ÷ (labor force)] × 100. D) [(labor force) ÷ (unemployment)] × 100.
C) [(unemployment) ÷ (labor force)] × 100.
08) An individual who has stopped looking for a job because he is convinced that he cannot find a job is referred to asA) a contingent worker.B) a productive worker.C) a discouraged worker.D) an unemployed worker.
C) a discouraged worker.
29) Using the official measure of unemployment, which of the following people is considered unemployed?A) a part-time worker who wishes to work full timeB) a person who gave up looking for jobs because he or she was discouraged about his or her job prospectsC) a person who has been searching for work, but turns down a job paying a lower wage rate than desiredD) a person who is working but expects to be laid off at the end of the month
C) a person who has been searching for work, but turns down a job paying a lower wage rate than desired
30) Using the official measure of unemployment, which of the following would NOT be counted as unemployed?A) a person who is not working but who has tried to find a job in the past weekB) a person who is waiting to be called back to a job after having been laid offC) a person who performs traditional housework and does not work outside the home for payD) a person who is waiting to start a new job in the next 30 days
C) a person who performs traditional housework and does not work outside the home for pay
30) Structural unemployment isA) associated with the normal changing of jobs in a dynamic economy.B) associated with the general downturns in the economy.C) associated with the general decline of specific industries.D) almost always short-term in nature.
C) associated with the general decline of specific industries
63) If the economy enters an expansion,A) cyclical unemployment increases.B) structural unemployment increases.C) cyclical unemployment decreases.D) structural unemployment decreases.
C) cyclical unemployment decreases.
71) The percentage of the people of working age who have jobs is called the ________.A) labor forceB) inverse of the unemployment rateC) employment-to-population ratioD) employment-to-working-age-population ratio
C) employment-to-population ratio
23) When a student finishes college and begins looking for work,A) cyclical unemployment increases.B) structural unemployment increases.C) frictional unemployment increases.D) frictional and cyclical unemployment increase.
C) frictional unemployment increases.
37) Structural unemploymentA) falls during the expansion phase of the business cycle.B) falls as the pace of technological progress increases.C) generally lasts longer than frictional unemployment.D) falls when the government provides more generous unemployment compensation benefits.
C) generally lasts longer than frictional unemployment.
3) Frictional unemploymentA) includes discouraged workers.B) is voluntary part-time unemployment.C) is unemployment associated normal labor turnover.D) is unemployment associated with declining industries.
C) is unemployment associated normal labor turnover.
7) Suppose the working age population in Tiny Town is 100 people. If 25 of these people are NOT in the labor force, the ________ equals ________.A) unemployment rate; 25/100 × 100 B) unemployment rate; 25/75 × 100C) labor force; 75D) labor force; 25/100 × 100 C
C) labor force; 75
27) Using the definition of unemployment, which of the following individuals would be unemployed?A) A full-time student quits school, enters the labor market for the first time, and searches for employment.B) Because of the increased level of automobile imports, an employee of General Motors is laid off but expects to be called back to work soon.C) Because of a reduction in the military budget, your next door neighbor loses her job in a plant where nuclear warheads are made and must look for a new job.D) All of these individuals are unemployed.
D) All of these individuals are unemployed.
9) Which of the following correctly describes ʺfrictional unemploymentʺ?A) Frictional unemployment is due mainly to job losers.B) Frictional unemployment is due mainly to job leavers.C) Frictional unemployment occurs mainly during recessions.D) Frictional unemployment is a normal occurrence in a growing economy.
D) Frictional unemployment is a normal occurrence in a growing economy.
83) Which of the following pieces of information do you need to calculate the labor force participation rate?I. the number of employed personsII. the number of unemployed personsIII. the populationIV. the working age populationA) I and II B) I and IIIC) I, II and IIID) I, II and IV
D) I, II and IV
1) Bob inherits a large sum of money from his dead uncleʹs estate. Bob decides to retire young, so he quits his job and heads to the Bahamas. Bob is an example ofA) frictional unemployment.B) structural unemployment.C) cyclical unemployment.D) None of the above is correct.
D) None of the above is correct.
73) Suppose the number of people employed is 25 million and the number of people in the labor force is 75 million. What is the employment-to-population ratio?A) 33 percentB) 25 percent C) 75 percentD) There is not enough information given to answer the question.
D) There is not enough information given to answer the question.
44) Suppose the population of Tiny Town is 100 people and the working age population is 70. If 10 of these people are unemployed, the unemployment rate in Tiny Town is A) 10 percent.B) 10/70 × 100. C) 10/80 × 100.D) There is not enough information provided to calculate the unemployment rate.
D) There is not enough information provided to calculate the unemployment rate.
56) Cyclical unemployment occurs whenA) individuals enter into the labor market making the rounds of potential employers.B) individuals with skills no longer valued in the labor market cannot find employment.C) individuals give up the search for employment.D) a business cycle recession decreases employment.
D) a business cycle recession decreases employment.
20) Which of the following is NOT considered to be in the labor force?A) a student who works part-timeB) a person who is not working but who has tried to find a job in the past weekC) a person who is waiting to start a new job in the next 30 daysD) a person who is not working and who has not tried to find a job
D) a person who is not working and who has not tried to find a job
40) The nationʹs structural unemployment will increase whenA) bad economic policies send the economy into a recession.B) there is influx into the labor market of new college graduates.C) there is an increase in post-Christmas layoffs of workers.D) an increase in textile imports displaces older textile workers who do not have the skills necessary to find new jobs.
D) an increase in textile imports displaces older textile workers who do not have the skills necessary to find new jobs.
52) Cyclical unemploymentA) is due mainly to job leavers.B) may increase or decrease during an expansion.C) occurs when technology improvements change job requirements.D) fluctuates over the business cycle.
D) fluctuates over the business cycle.
54) Cyclical unemploymentA) is always present in an economy.B) is higher during an expansion.C) decreases during a recession.D) fluctuates over the business cycle.
D) fluctuates over the business cycle.