Midterm 3

Ginastera's First Piano Sonata: La Doma

Alberto Ginastera is often invoked as Latin America's most important classical composer. "La Doma" (the horse-breaking) is an example of hist early work that referenced Argentine folklore while employing other 20th century classical music composition techniques Argentina folk music, classical orchestra, fast tempo. Instruments include piano and drums. This song has lots of texture

Yupanqui's Malambo

Atahualpa Yupanqui, considered one of the forerunners of the Nueva Cancion, performs a malambo of his own design. He interpreted this traditional guacho form, while incorporating classical and cosmopolitan guitar techniques This music is ONLY guitar and is very repetitive (also has no singing)

Chabuca Granda: "Flor de la Canela"

Chabuca Granda is Peru's most famous criolla singer-songwriter. The vals (Peruvian version of the waltz) "Flor de la Canela" (Cinnamon Flower) imagines Lima nostalgically as a criollo city, before larger migrations of rural Indigenous peoples to the capital Has a clapping instrument throughout the whole thing as well as a guitar and a drum sort of thing. It does not have many textures (3) and only has one person singing. It is from Peru and is a Peruvian version of the Waltz

Argentina as Gaucho These genres are among the earliest Argentine recordings; over time they are elaborated upon within the urban context MUSICAL EXAMPLE: YUPANQUI'S MALAMBO Milonga: word that means gathering of dancers, but also a folklore genre that has a rhythm that blends in with habanera and tango Note that these genres, like the chamame, are shared by gaucho culture more generally by Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay

Dancers

Gardel's Por Una Cabeza

Gardel is an idol for many Argentina, Uruguay, Colombia, and other parts of Latin America. "Por Una Cabeza" is one of the most famous sung tangos (tango-cancion). The title phrase might translate in English as "by a nose", a reference to losing a horse race. You might know it as the tango Al Pacino dance to in the film "Scent of a Woman" This is New Guard and tango-cancion. It is very dramatic and uses violin/ string instruments with a deep voice that is longing sort of like opera sounding

Argentina as Gaucho National symbols begin with the figure of the gaucho (Argentine cowboy) These symbols are called criollo: a way of marketing the local without necessarily talking about mixture (mestizaje) Minimizes presence of indigenous and African cultures Emphasis on instruments, language, and practice of European heritage Music of the Provinces/ Pampas: musica folclorica Played with guitar and bombo Payada: Duels of improvised poetry accompanied by guitar using Spanish language poetic forms Chacarera: couples dance, assocaited with violin, guitar and bombo MUSICAL EXAMPLE: CHACARERA DEL PAISANO Malambo: solo zapateo dance that is often competitive

Gaucho Bombo Competitive

Venegas: "El Presente"

Julieta Venegas represents the contribution of border musicians based in Tijuana. These musicians are shaped by cultures on both sides of the border. They illustrate familiarity with cosmopolitan aesthetics as well as their Mexican roots, being able to weave between both and mixing them without any sense of contradiction Instruments include an accordion, drums, guitar, and an classical orchestra. The tempo is medium paced with parts that go slower. It has lots of texture and has harmonizing

Los Tigres del Norte: "De Paisano a Paisano

Los Tigres del Norte, one of the most popular bands of musica nortena, music that originated along Mexico's northern boarder and shares similarities with tejano (Tex-Mex) music. The band became notorious for singing narcocorridos, corridos that features stories about the drug trade. This polka-based song, however, praises the efforts of migrants who cross the boarder to search for a better life by working hard and expresses solidarity with their efforts Instruments include an accordion, guitar and drums. It has a repetitive beat with a steady tempo.

Seru Giran- Los Sobrevivientes

Los sobrevivientes (The survivors), written by Charly Garcia, is an example of Argentine Rock from 1979. The song tried to explain how the survivors of Argentina's "Dirty War" felt in the wake of losing many friends to the dictatorship's brutal tactics. Garcia would later go on to have an important solo career and help establish Argentina as a powerhouse of Latin American rock Instruments include guitar, drums, and keyboard. There is harmonizing and a moderate tempo. This doesn't sound like typically rock music.

Paraguay: Harp Traditions Jesuit missions teach harp practices to indigenous populations The Paraguayan harp becomes the national instrument; practice known as most virtuosic and flashy in Latin America, playing genre like polka paraguaya and galopera

National

Piazolla's La Camorra I

Piazolla studied classical music composition in Paris, where Nadia Boulanger reportedly told him that he was most successful when writing popular idioms like tango. Piazolla certainly made his fame by applying dissonant (harsh) sounds and complex polyphonic textures to tango This is Nuevo Tango that uses harsh sounds. Instruments include a violin and a bandoneon accordion. The tempo is fast

Sikuri Taquileno

Sikus, the Quechua name for panpipes, are instruments that are divided between two different players, in an ensemble that consists solely of these instruments and percussion. This group comes from the island of Taquile in the middle of Lake Titicaca and though it was not traditionally part of the festival, it is an example of folklorization Example of folklorization, indigenous to Peru. Andean music with percussion with two different kinds of pipes and wind instruments. No singing

Kumbia Kings: "Mi Gente

The Kumbia Kings perform cumbia, rooted in the Tex-Mex style which shares many similarities with Mexican style cumbia. The rhythms tend to be more straight-forward and instrumentation sparser, but the Kumbia Kings incorporate elements of the U.S. rhythm and blues and soul music. Here they are joined by Los Angeles- based rock band Ozomatli to promote a message of solidarity with first generation immigrants but from a perspective of the U.S. born- Latinx second generation Instruments include drums, wind instruments and keyboard features. It has lots of texture and sounds like an upbeat reggae to me.

La Huarancita: Neblina Blanca

The Wayno is the most widespread music in the Andes, althoughit takes on a variety of localized forms, such as this chuscada. Its lyrics express the lament of a love lost, possibly to her partner's desire to climb socially. Note that while wayno often sound sad to cosmopolitan ears, these songs are party music It is indigenous to the Andes. This is the song where you see the mountains and the woman in traditionally clothing singing. It has a steady tempo

Chacarera del Paisano

The chacarera is associated with Argentina's interior region of Santiago del Estro, played on violin, guitar, and bombo. While the lyrics of this pieve feature the classic theme of a rural person coming to term with urban life, the chacarera is an important dance genre Has a repetitive style and uses the same form. One two three sort of form, one male singer the whole time.

"El Condor Pasa"

This piece was originally written for a nationalist opera-like zarazuela by Daniel Alomia Robles. His works represent the Peruvian version of Indigenismo, romanticizing Inca heritage. The piece became internationally famous in its pan-Andean adaption, famously being performed by Simon and Garfunkel "I'd rather be a hammer" It is an example of nationalism and indigenismo. Instruments include horns, guitar, flute and what sounds to me like a rain stick. It has a very competitive beat and has a slow tempo

Victor Jara: "Plegaria de un labrador"

Victor Jara was a major player in Chile's New Song Movement, and this song, based on the structure of the Lord's Prayer, calls for peasants to fight for liberty and justice. Jara was tortured and murdered in the wake of the bloody coup that took place on September 11th, 1973 Associated with Chile, wind and string instruments were used. Smooth vocals with a guitar. The tempo is slow

Border Issues: Postcolonial Perspective Result of colonial power interactions as well as wars following independence Borders often cut across cultures Migration often related to economic issues with cultural implications NEED TO KNOW COUNTRY NAMES ON MAP OF AMERICAS

Wars Cultures